Journal articles: 'Ultrasound scan'

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SABIH, DURR-E., Farooq Ali, AAMIR ALIKHAN, Khan Mohammad Sajid, and WAQAS JEHANGIR. "ULTRASOUND SCAN." Professional Medical Journal 16, no. 02 (June 10, 2009): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2009.16.02.2947.

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O b j e c t i v e : To assess the infective potential of ultrasound gel and probes when used in a routine manner on ambulatorypatients with intact skin. At our institute, ultrasound probes are wiped with a non-sterile absorbent paper towel after each patient. The probesbecome dry and clean in social terms but we were unsure if they also became bacteriologically decontaminated after wiping clean. We alsowished to ascertain the intrinsic infective potential of ultrasound gel. Materials a n d m e t h o d s : Bacteriological samples were taken from probesurface (after wiping it clean as per our protocol); gel dispensing bottles; and the gel jars that contain the gel in bulk. A total of 61 sampleswere cultured, out of these 13 were jar samples that were acquired daily on 13 days, 10 from gel bottles and 38 from probe surface (27before beginning ultrasound, 11 after ending the day's work). Probe surface samples were collected on sterile cotton wipes dipped in sterilenutrient broth; bottle and jar samples were collected by sterile nickel loops and cultured on commercially available nutrient agar. Colonieswere counted at 24 and 48 hours. R e s u l t s : The results show bacterial contamination in all (10/10) gel bottle samples, 7% pre-scan probesurface wipes (2/27) and 27.3% (3/11) on post scan wipes. Gel Jar samples were sterile on the first 3 days and then progressively showedgreater colony counts. This showed that the gel is initially sterile but is apparently contaminated from air and it serves as growth mediumfor bacteria. C o n c l u s i o n : We conclude that the highest contamination is observed in gel bottle samples (100%). The lowest contaminationwas observed from wiped probe samples. This was probably due to repeated cleaning of probes by the operators. Gel jar samples havethe second highest contamination but the initial samples showed no growth. The ultrasound gels probably contain no or little antibacterialagent and the gel serves as a growth medium for bacteria.

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Üçyiğit, Aslı, and Jemma Johns. "The postpartum ultrasound scan." Ultrasound 24, no. 3 (July 7, 2016): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742271x16653779.

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Sparks, Pippa, and Vicky Nixon. "Midwife scan clinic: response to increased demand for third trimester ultrasound." British Journal of Midwifery 30, no. 2 (February 2, 2022): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2022.30.2.72.

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In response to the high UK stillbirth rate, the Saving Babies' Lives care bundles of 2016 and 2019 recommended increased focus on reduced fetal movements and fetal growth restriction. Adopting the recommendations precipitated a sharp increase in third trimester scans, causing existing ultrasound services to be overwhelmed. A midwife scan clinic, established at Kingston Hospital NHS Trust in 2019, has been found to manage this increased scan demand efficiently and effectively. Midwife-sonographers triage scan requests, perform the scans and provide post-scan management in a one-stop-shop scenario. Evaluation of the service found that it has reduced multiple appointments, streamlined women's experience, provided continuity of care and proved cost-effective. Unexpected positive outcomes also occurred for breech presentation at term and for women under the care of the safeguarding team. Combining midwifery and ultrasound skills in a midwife scan clinic is a quality improvement initiative that facilitates the increasingly central role that ultrasound plays in fetal surveillance.

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Priya, P., and S. Vijayalakshmi. "STUDY OF MORPHOLOGY OF UTERUS USING ULTRASOUND SCAN." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 935–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2015.121.

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Alerhand, Stephen, James Meltzer, and Ee Tein Tay. "Evaluating the risk of appendiceal perforation when using ultrasound as the initial diagnostic imaging modality in children with suspected appendicitis." Ultrasound 25, no. 3 (January 29, 2017): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742271x16689693.

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Background Ultrasound scan has gained attention for diagnosing appendicitis due to its avoidance of ionizing radiation. However, studies show that ultrasound scan carries inferior sensitivity to computed tomography scan. A non-diagnostic ultrasound scan could increase the time to diagnosis and appendicectomy, particularly if follow-up computed tomography scan is needed. Some studies suggest that delaying appendicectomy increases the risk of perforation. Objective To investigate the risk of appendiceal perforation when using ultrasound scan as the initial diagnostic imaging modality in children with suspected appendicitis. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 1411 charts of children ≤17 years old diagnosed with appendicitis at two urban academic medical centers. Patients who underwent ultrasound scan first were compared to those who underwent computed tomography scan first. In the sub-group analysis, patients who only received ultrasound scan were compared to those who received initial ultrasound scan followed by computed tomography scan. Main outcome measures were appendiceal perforation rate and time from triage to appendicectomy. Results In 720 children eligible for analysis, there was no significant difference in perforation rate between those who had initial ultrasound scan and those who had initial computed tomography scan (7.3% vs. 8.9%, p = 0.44), nor in those who had ultrasound scan only and those who had initial ultrasound scan followed by computed tomography scan (8.0% vs. 5.6%, p = 0.42). Those patients who had ultrasound scan first had a shorter triage-to-incision time than those who had computed tomography scan first (9.2 (IQR: 5.9, 14.0) vs. 10.2 (IQR: 7.3, 14.3) hours, p = 0.03), whereas those who had ultrasound scan followed by computed tomography scan took longer than those who had ultrasound scan only (7.8 (IQR: 5.3, 11.6) vs. 15.1 (IQR: 10.6, 20.6), p < 0.001). Children < 12 years old receiving ultrasound scan first had lower perforation rate (p = 0.01) and shorter triage-to-incision time (p = 0.003). Conclusion Children with suspected appendicitis receiving ultrasound scan as the initial diagnostic imaging modality do not have increased risk of perforation compared to those receiving computed tomography scan first. We recommend that children <12 years of age receive ultrasound scan first.

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KANWAL, SUMAIRA, MUHAMMAD ZUBAIR, SULTAN MEHMOOD, and Riaz Hussain Dab. "ULTRASOUND, CT-SCAN, AND LAPAROSCOPY." Professional Medical Journal 15, no. 01 (March 10, 2008): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2008.15.01.2723.

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Objective: To evaluate the comparative diagnostic efficacy of Ultrasound,CT-Scan, and Laparoscopy in the diagnosis of non-palpable undescended testes in pediatric patients. Design:Comparative study.Setting: Surgical and pediatric surgical department of B V Hospital (QAMC) Bahawalpur and AlliedHospital Faisalabad. Period: From April 2006 to April 2007. Materials & Method: A total forty boys with non palpabletestis were subjected to Ultrasound, CT-Scan and diagnostic laparoscopy in a period of one year. The patients above12 years and with cardiovascular anomalies were excluded from the study. Laparoscopy was performed under generalanesthesia and findings were compared with Ultrasound and CT-Scan. Sensitivity and specificity of each werecalculated. Results: Diagnostic accuracy of Ultrasound was 25%, CT-Scan was 64% and Laparoscopy was 100%.Sensitivity was found to be 20%, 63% and 100% and specificity was 10%. 50%and 100%forUltrasound, CT-Scan andLaparoscopy, respectively. Conclusion: Diagnostic laparoscopy is far more superior as compared to Ultrasound andCT-Scan in the diagnosis of non palpable testis.

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Novakov-Mikic, Aleksandra, Djordje Ilic, Tihomir Vejnovic, Vesna Kopitovic, Aleksandra Kapamadzija, and Slobodan Sekulic. "Fetal ultrasound scan: Prerogatives for the basic level." Medical review 65, no. 3-4 (2012): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1204123n.

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Adequate level of prenatal ultrasound scan is a prerequisite for a successful definition of high risk population that needs further investigations. ?Basic?, standardized fetal mid-trimester scan, with an informative report enables not only diagnosis of anomaly but also evaluation of state of pregnancy in general. This paper was aimed at reviewing the benefits of and requirements for a complete basic mid-trimester fetal ultrasound scan and the necessary documentation. Potential directions for development of organization of basic mid-trimester fetal ultrasound scans are standardization of the scan, with establishing the number and the level of examination, and continual education of both the doctors and the patients. In order to standardize the exam, a uniform check list is needed, so that the examination should always be done in the same manner and at the same level, no matter where it is done and by whom. International and national guidelines should be agreed upon and they should state clear standards on who should do the scan, how, what kind of ultrasound machine should be used and what documentation should be kept. This paper presents a possible standardization of basic level mid trimester fetal ultrasound scan. A routine complete second trimester ultrasound between 18 and 22 weeks and a complete ultrasound report will provide the best opportunity to diagnose fetal anomalies and to help in the management of prenatal care. It will also reduce the unnecessary number of ultrasound examinations done during the second trimester for completion of fetal anatomy survey, which would decrease the costs.

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Hareendrananthan, Abhilash Rakkunedeth, Myles Mabee, Baljot S. Chahal, Sukhdeep K. Dulai, and Jacob L. Jaremko. "Can AI Automatically Assess Scan Quality of Hip Ultrasound?" Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (April 18, 2022): 4072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12084072.

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Ultrasound images can reliably detect Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) during early infancy. Accuracy of diagnosis depends on the scan quality, which is subjectively assessed by the sonographer during ultrasound examination. Such assessment is prone to errors and often results in poor-quality scans not being reported, risking misdiagnosis. In this paper, we propose an Artificial Intelligence (AI) technique for automatically determining scan quality. We trained a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to categorize 3D Ultrasound (3DUS) hip scans as ‘adequate’ or ‘inadequate’ for diagnosis. We evaluated the performance of this AI technique on two datasets—Dataset 1 (DS1) consisting of 2187 3DUS images in which each image was assessed by one reader for scan quality on a scale of 1 (lowest quality) to 5 (optimal quality) and Dataset 2 (DS2) consisting of 107 3DUS images evaluated semi-quantitatively by four readers using a 10-point scoring system. As a binary classifier (adequate/inadequate), the AI technique gave highly accurate predictions on both datasets (DS1 accuracy = 96% and DS2 accuracy = 91%) and showed high agreement with expert readings in terms of Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Cohen’s kappa coefficient (K). Using our AI-based approach as a screening tool during ultrasound scanning or postprocessing would ensure high scan quality and lead to more reliable ultrasound hip examination in infants.

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Ylitalo, J., E. Alasaarela, and J. Koivukangas. "Ultrasound holographic B-scan imaging." IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control 36, no. 3 (May 1989): 376–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/58.19178.

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Lund, Pernille Strecker, Gro Linno Willemoe, Lasse Bremholm Hansen, and Mads Warnecke. "Hepatic epitheloid haemangioendothelioma: a rare malignant tumour." BMJ Case Reports 13, no. 1 (January 2020): e232794. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-232794.

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Our case concerns a 66-year-old man. After experiencing recurrent episodes of abdominal pain, an initial CT scan, ultrasound and gastroscopy was carried out. All of which showed normal findings.As a consequence of persisting symptoms, another CT scan was performed. This scan revealed a hypodense area in the right lobe of the liver. This was interpreted as a possible haemangioma. Subsequent MRI scans indicated an intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. A final ultrasound-guided liver biopsy was performed and histology demonstrated epitheloid haemangioendothelioma, which was locally advanced and inoperable.

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Roberts, Julie, Frances Griffiths, and Alice Verran. "Seeing the Baby, Doing Family: Commercial Ultrasound as Family Practice?" Sociology 51, no. 3 (July 10, 2015): 527–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038515591945.

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Medical sociologists and anthropologists have studied the social significance of obstetric ultrasound for families but little is known about how women and families make use of commercially available ultrasound scans. This article draws on interviews with women who booked a scan with a commercial company in the UK. For some women, commercial ultrasound can be understood as a family practice. We investigate this theme by examining who accompanies women to commercial scan appointments, how scan images are shared and how sonograms are used as prompts to resemblance talk. We argue that commercial scans are more than an additional opportunity to acquire ‘baby’s first picture’ and offer a flexible resource to do family, creating and affirming family relationships and rehearsing roles as parents, siblings and grandparents. Our findings confirm the importance of imagination in doing family and raise questions about the role of technology and commercial interests in shaping family practices.

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Merkel, Daniel, Hannah Stahlheber, Victoria Chupina, and Christoph Schneider. "Comparison of the quality of B-scan ultrasound in modern high-end devices." Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie 56, no. 12 (December 2018): 1491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0710-5461.

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Abstract Purpose The quality of an ultrasound device’s B-scan mode is decisive in obtaining clear and informative images. High demands are placed upon ultrasound devices, particularly in cases where evidence of small lesions of parenchymal organs is being gathered. Methods We tested the quality of the B-scan mode in ultrasound devices of 7 different manufacturers. We performed ultrasound examinations of 3 predefined abdominal sections on 4 healthy subjects with 7 different ultrasound devices. Documentation was compiled digitally by recording video sequences. Any characteristics identifying the manufacturer were removed. Subsequently, the sequences were organized into corresponding pairs. The resulting 252 video pairs were shown side by side to a panel of 10 experienced ultrasound examiners who evaluated the quality of the scans by way of direct visual comparison. Results Two of the 7 devices were clearly judged to be of higher quality. In part, the differences in the overall evaluation and within the subgroups reached levels of statistical significance. The ranking of the tested devices did not correlate with their suggested retail prices. Conclusion There are relevant differences in the quality of the B-scan mode of modern high-end devices. The suggested retail prices do not correlate with the B-scan quality of the ultrasound devices.

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Mongodi, Silvia, Bélaïd Bouhemad, Anita Orlando, Andrea Stella, Guido Tavazzi, Gabriele Via, Giorgio Iotti, Antonio Braschi, and Francesco Mojoli. "Modified Lung Ultrasound Score for Assessing and Monitoring Pulmonary Aeration." Ultraschall in der Medizin - European Journal of Ultrasound 38, no. 05 (March 14, 2017): 530–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-120260.

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Abstract Purpose Lung Ultrasound Score (LUSS) is a useful tool for lung aeration assessment but presents two theoretical limitations. First, standard LUSS is based on longitudinal scan and detection of number/coalescence of B lines. In the longitudinal scan pleura visualization is limited by intercostal space width. Moreover, coalescence of B lines to define severe loss of aeration is not suitable for non-homogeneous lung pathologies where focal coalescence is possible. We therefore compared longitudinal vs. transversal scan and also cLUSS (standard coalescence-based LUSS) vs. qLUSS (quantitative LUSS based on % of involved pleura). Materials and methods 38 ICU patients were examined in 12 thoracic areas in longitudinal and transversal scan. B lines (number, coalescence), subpleural consolidations (SP), pleural length and pleural involvement (> or ≤ 50 %) were assessed. cLUSS and qLUSS were computed in longitudinal and transversal scan. Results Transversal scan visualized wider (3.9 [IQR 3.8 – 3.9] vs 2.0 [1.6 – 2.5] cm, p < 0.0001) and more constant (variance 0.02 vs 0.34 cm, p < 0.0001) pleural length, more B lines (70 vs 59 % of scans, p < 0.0001), coalescence (39 vs 28 %, p < 0.0001) and SP (22 vs 14 %, p < 0.0001) compared to longitudinal scan. Pleural involvement > 50 % was observed in 17 % and coalescence in 33 % of cases. Focal coalescence accounted for 52 % of cases of coalescence. qLUSS-transv generated a different distribution of aeration scores compared to cLUSS-long (p < 0.0001). Conclusion In unselected ICU patients, variability of pleural length in longitudinal scans is high and focal coalescence is frequent. Transversal scan and quantification of pleural involvement are simple measures to overcome these limitations of LUSS.

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Shahzad, K., M. S. Simms, and O. Byass. "Evaluation of Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound for Investigation of Complex Cystic Renal Masses." British Journal of Medical and Surgical Urology 4, no. 6 (November 2011): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjmsu.2011.03.001.

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Objective: Cystic renal masses are conventionally assessed by contrast CT and/or simple ultrasound scan. Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) is a relatively new investigation which may act as a novel tool for investigation of these masses and the aim of this study was to evaluate this potential. Patients and methods: 19 patients underwent CEUS in our Trust for investigation of complex cystic renal masses. The results were compared with other investigation modalities i.e. CT and simple ultrasound scans. Results: In nine patients, CEUS suggested a benign lesion. In six of these patients, contrast CT and/or simple ultrasound scan were inconclusive. Malignant cystic renal mass was diagnosed in nine patients by CEUS. In five of these patients, contrast CT and/or simple ultrasound scan were indeterminate. Three of the five patients had nephrectomy which confirmed malignancy in two and benign cystic nephroma in the third case. In one patient both simple ultrasound and CEUS were inconclusive whereas a contrast CT scan showed benign lesion. Conclusion: Within limitations of our study, CEUS provided information additional to conventional imaging in eleven patients. It appears to be a useful investigation in conjunction with conventional imaging for investigation of complex cystic renal masses but requires further evaluation.

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Wood, S., John Owen, Sheri Jenkins, and Lorie Harper. "The Utility of Repeat Midtrimester Anatomy Ultrasound for Anomaly Detection." American Journal of Perinatology 35, no. 14 (February 8, 2018): 1346–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1626715.

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Introduction Although guidelines recommend repeat ultrasound in the setting of an incomplete fetal anatomic survey, the clinical utility of this practice has not been established. As such, we aimed to assess the yield of repeat ultrasound for anomaly detection following an incomplete survey. Materials and Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of all singletons who underwent a midtrimester anatomic ultrasound at University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) from 2006 to 2014. Patients with an incomplete ultrasound underwent repeat examinations until completion. The population was divided into cohorts FIRST, SECOND, and THIRD, corresponding to the ultrasound at which the exam was deemed complete. Each detected anomaly was tallied. The number of ultrasounds needed to detect an anomaly was then assessed per group. Results Of 15,768 ultrasounds performed on 13,740 patients, 11,828 exams were completed on first attempt; 1,796 patients required a second, while 116 patients required a third scan or more. We detected 324 anomalies; 93.8% in FIRST, 5.9% in SECOND, and 0.3% in THIRD. The number of scans needed to detect an anomaly was 39, 189, and 348 for FIRST, SECOND, and THIRD, respectively. Conclusion Over 90% of anomalies are detected on the initial fetal anatomic survey. The incremental diagnostic yield then decreases, requiring appreciably more repeat scans to detect one anomaly.

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Parkinson, Richard J., T. J. Walton, and R. J. Lemberger. "Use and Misuse of Testicular Ultrasound in Routine Clinical Practice in a UK Teaching Hospital." British Journal of Medical and Surgical Urology 2, no. 3 (May 2009): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjmsu.2008.12.004.

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Testicular ultrasound is a non-invasive and accurate investigation for testicular abnormalities. However, the majority of testicular problems are amenable to diagnosis by clinical examination alone. Testicular USS requests and reports generated over an 18-month period (03/2006 to 09/2007) at Nottingham City Hospital were examined to determine the indication for the test and the ultrasound findings. 2475 scans were performed: 576 were requested by urologists; 1899 by GPs and other hospital specialists. The most common findings were a completely normal scan (825) and epididymal cyst (637). In the majority of cases, the ultrasound scan was not necessary to make a diagnosis and added nothing to the findings at clinical examination. Correlations of ultrasound findings with the clinical reason for the test are presented in order to suggest suitable indications for this investigation. The total cost of testicular scans performed was around £200,000. It is estimated that at least £130,000 per year could be saved in a single hospital by avoiding unnecessary testicular scans. However, where the clinical findings are equivocal, ultrasound remains an excellent diagnostic tool.

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Ouyang, Yali, Po-Hsiang Tsui, Shuicai Wu, Weiwei Wu, and Zhuhuang Zhou. "Classification of Benign and Malignant Breast Tumors Using H-Scan Ultrasound Imaging." Diagnostics 9, no. 4 (November 8, 2019): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics9040182.

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Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide. Ultrasound imaging has been widely used in the detection and diagnosis of breast tumors. However, due to factors such as limited spatial resolution and speckle noise, classification of benign and malignant breast tumors using conventional B-mode ultrasound still remains a challenging task. H-scan is a new ultrasound technique that images the relative size of acoustic scatterers. However, the feasibility of H-scan ultrasound imaging in the classification of benign and malignant breast tumors has not been investigated. In this paper, we proposed a new method based on H-scan ultrasound imaging to classify benign and malignant breast tumors. Backscattered ultrasound radiofrequency signals of 100 breast tumors were used (48 benign and 52 malignant cases). H-scan ultrasound images were constructed with the radiofrequency signals by matched filtering using Gaussian-weighted Hermite polynomials. Experimental results showed that benign breast tumors had more red components, while malignant breast tumors had more blue components in H-scan ultrasound images. There were significant differences between the RGB channels of H-scan ultrasound images of benign and malignant breast tumors. We conclude H-scan ultrasound imaging can be used as a new method for classifying benign and malignant breast tumors.

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Matharu, GS, S. Janardhan, L. Brash, PB Pynsent, DJ Dunlop, and SLJ James. "The utility of repeat ultrasound imaging in the follow-up of metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty patients." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 98, no. 2 (February 2016): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsann.2016.0052.

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Introduction We assessed changes in metal-on-metal hip arthroplasties (MoMHAs) after repeat ultrasound examination. Methods This retrospective, single-centre cohort study involved all patients undergoing two ultrasound examinations of the same MoMHA. Between 2010 and 2014, 96 ultrasound examinations were performed in 48 MoMHAs (mean time between scans = 1.1 years). A radiologist assigned each scan to one of four grades and measured volumes of any solid/cystic masses. Changes in grade and lesion volume between scans were analysed. Results Change in grade between scans was significant (p=0.012); 27% (n=13) of MoMHAs increased in grade, 67% (n=32) had no grade change, and 6% (n=3) decreased in grade. The mean increase in lesion volume was 24.2cm3 by the second scan, and was significant (p=0.023). Evidence of progression in findings was observed in 54% (26/48) of MoMHAs. Of patients with normal scans initially, 44% (8/18) developed abnormalities. No factors (including blood metal ion concentrations and cup position) were associated significantly with progression of ultrasound findings. Conclusions Repeat ultrasound in MoMHA patients demonstrated that findings frequently progress in the short-term. Therefore, regular surveillance of MoMHA patients is important, with ultrasound representing an effective investigation for identifying the development and progression of lesions.

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Poudel, S. C., A. J. Rayamajhi, P. R. Bhattarai, and R. K. Yadav. "Role of Lung Scan for Detection of Pneumothorax in Operation Theatre." Birat Journal of Health Sciences 1, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bjhs.v1i1.17105.

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Iatrogenic pneumothorax is life threatening complication that an anesthesiologist may encounter in operating room while performing various procedure such as central venous catheterization brachial plexus block paravertebral block or during surgery like pyelolithotomy, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Ultrasound can be the diagnostic tool for prompt diagnosis and managementof these situations. As there is overwhelm use of ultrasound in emergency department and ICU setting, by understanding few ultrasonic terms like lines, modes, signs and points of lung scan it can be easily utilized in operation room. Likewise, lung ultrasounds in emergency (BLUE) and fluid administration by lung ultrasound (FALL) are recently being recommending to be used in emergency and ICU. We report two cases where lung scan was beneficial for management of pneumothorax in our operation theater.Birat Journal of Health Sciences 2016 1(1): 75-77

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N., Prasad Nayak, Roshan Maben, Nisha Chako, and Santosh T. Soans. "Role of technetium scan in diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 7 (June 24, 2017): 3218. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20173016.

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Background: With advent of screening new born population the incidence of congenital hypothyroidism dropped to 1:3000 to 1:4000. We have aimed to show the importance of doing technetium scan to find out exact etiology of congenital hypothyroidism. It helps in proper treatment and explaining the long-term prognosis. However, many centres in India do not have facilities for nuclear study.Methods: Study comprised of 30 children, the results of thyroid function test (TFT) were analysed, ultrasound neck was done to detect the presence or absence of thyroid gland in the neck and technetium scan was done in the department of nuclear medicine. Based on the images its classified as agenesis, ectopic or decreased uptake. The results of TFT, Ultrasound neck, technetium scan was analysed using statistical software.Results: Correlation of thyroid profile with technetium scans, T3 was decreased in 61.5% cases of ectopic thyroid, 100% cases of thyroid agenesis and 83.3% cases of decreased uptake. T4 was decreased in 92.3% cases of ectopic thyroid, 80% cases of thyroid agenesis and 75% of decreased uptake. Whereas TSH increased in all the cases with abnormal Technetium scan results. Correlation of ultrasound neck with technetium scans revealed, of the nonvisualised thyroid gland by ultrasound, 13 were ectopic, 5 agenesis and 5decreased uptake. of the visualized thyroid gland, all the 07 showed decreased uptake.Conclusions: Congenital hypothyroidism is one of the most serious condition needs to be diagnosed as early as in the newborn period.

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Cooper, Michael C., Jodi Jones, Mandy Pascual, Steven Field, Juan M. Rendon, Christine Kulstad, Bryant Dixon, et al. "Can Medical Students Learn and Perform POCUS in the Pediatric Emergency Department? Implementation of a Short Curriculum." POCUS Journal 7, no. 1 (April 21, 2022): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/pocus.v7i1.15625.

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Purpose: To determine medical student ability to accurately obtain and interpret POCUS exams of varying difficulty in the pediatric population after a short didactic and hands-on POCUS course. Methods: Five medical students were trained in four POCUS applications (bladder volume, long bone for fracture, limited cardiac for left ventricular function, & inferior vena cava collapsibility) and enrolled pediatric ED patients. Ultrasound-fellowship-trained emergency medicine physicians reviewed each scan for image quality and interpretation accuracy using the American College of Emergency Physicians’ quality assessment scale. We report acceptable scan frequency and medical student vs. Ultrasound-fellowship-trained emergency medicine physician interpretation agreement with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Ultrasound-fellowship-trained emergency medicine physicians graded 51/53 bladder volume scans as acceptable (96.2%; 95% CI 87.3-99.0%) and agreed with 50/53 bladder volume calculations (94.3%; 95% CI 88.1-100%). Ultrasound-fellowship-trained emergency medicine physicians graded 35/37 long bone scans as acceptable (94.6%; 95% CI 82.3-98.5%) and agreed with 32/37 medical student long bone scan interpretations (86.5%; 95% CI 72.0-94.1%). Ultrasound-fellowship-trained emergency medicine physicians graded 116/120 cardiac scans as acceptable (96.7%; 95% CI 91.7-98.7%) and agreed with 111/120 medical student left ventricular function interpretations (92.5%; 95% CI 86.4-96.0%). Ultrasound-fellowship-trained emergency medicine physicians graded 99/117 inferior vena cava scans as acceptable (84.6%; 95% CI 77.0-90.0%) and agreed with 101/117 medical student interpretations of inferior vena cava collapsibility (86.3%; 95% CI 78.9-91.4%). Conclusions: Medical students demonstrated satisfactory ability within a short period of time in a range of POCUS scans on pediatric patients after a novel curriculum. This supports the incorporation of a formal POCUS education into medical school curricula and suggests that novice POCUS learners can attain a measure of competency in multiple applications after a short training course.

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Jimah, Bashiru Babatunde, Teresa Aba Mensah, Kofi Ulzen-Appiah, Benjamin Dabo Sarkodie, Dorothea Akosua Anim, Emmanuella Amoako, and Evelyn Antwiwaa Gyamfi. "Prenatal Diagnosis of Skeletal Dysplasia and Review of the Literature." Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2021 (April 13, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9940063.

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Introduction. Obstetric ultrasonography is routinely used to screen for fetal anomalies. Thanatophoric dysplasia (TD) is one of the common though rare lethal skeletal dysplasia, detected during routine ultrasound scan. TD is caused by a mutation in FGFR3 gene. Characteristic features include shortening of limbs, macrocephaly and platyspondyly. In our local setting, it is common to miss the diagnosis in the early scans due to lack of expertise of the sonographers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first publication from Ghana. Case Presentation. We present the case of a 33-year-old woman who was referred to the facility on account of ultrasound scan report suggestive of thanatophoric dysplasia type 1 at 34 weeks of a female baby. The diagnosis was not made despite the mother being a regular antenatal attendant, until a fifth scan done at 34 weeks reported features suggestive of thanatophoric dysplasia. The ultrasound scan features included a biparietal diameter of 37weeks, femur length—24weeks, narrowed thoracic cage with hypoplastic lungs and short ribs. The liquor volume was increased with amniotic fluid index (AFI) of 38.4 cm. The femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna, and radius were shortened (micromelia). The diagnosis of thanatophoric dysplasia type 1 was confirmed on autopsy. Conclusion. This report was aimed to highlight the potential contribution of ultrasound scan in the diagnosis of thanatophoric dysplasia in our setting.

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Nagori, CB. "Baseline Scan and Ultrasound Diagnosis of PCOS." Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 3 (2012): 290–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1252.

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ABSTRACT Success of any assisted reproductive technology is dependent on selection of correct stimulation protocol. This is based on prestimulation assessment of female to assess ovarian response and reserve. But, this assessment can also be done by ultrasound scan on 2nd to 3rd day of menstrual cycle, named as ‘baseline scan’. This scan is done to categorize ovary into one of the four types: Normal ovaries, low reserve ovaries, poorly responding ovaries and polycystic ovaries. Patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome have variable pictures of ovaries on ultrasound. Understanding the evolution of polycystic ovarian syndrome can explain these variations. Moreover, ultrasound findings can also be correlated with the biochemical and hormonal derangements. This scan also predicts the ovarian reserve and response that can guide to decide the stimulation protocols for ART. This scan includes the use of b mode, Doppler and 3D ultrasound with 3D power Doppler. It consists of assessing ovarian size, antral follicle count (AFC), stromal echogenecity and stromal flow chiefly. Dose calculation is chiefly done based on ovarian volume, AFC and stromal flow. How to cite this article Panchal S, Nagori CB. Baseline Scan and Ultrasound Diagnosis of PCOS. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(3):290-299.

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Nagori, CB. "Ultrasound in Infertility." Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 1 (2015): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1396.

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ABSTRACT Evaluation of the complete cycle instead of only pre hCG scan is an essential for follicular monitoring. Using color Doppler in this assessment is mandatory because it allows to assess the functional status of follicle and endometrium. 3D ultrasound is useful for volume measurements, and 3D PD for assessment of global vascularity. Baseline scan is done to predict the ovarian reserve and response and decide the stimulation protocols for ARTs. Uterus is assessed for receptivity. But baseline scan also diagnoses PCOS. This is by counting antral follicles, stromal flows and stromal and ovarian volume. Ultrasound features of ovary on baseline scan can also be correlated closely with the baseline hormonal status of ovaries—LH, FSH and Androgen. Ultrasound is a key tool to decide follicular maturity and endometrial receptivity and to decide the time of hCG and time of IUI. Doppler plays a major role in correct decision making and 3D and 3D power Doppler add to the details and also improves the success rates of different ARTs. Luteal phase also can be better explained by the use of Doppler. Ultrasound to hormonal correlation in both preovulatory and luteal phase helps plan the ART for positivity. How to cite this article Panchal S, Nagori CB. Ultrasound in Infertility. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;9(1):100-110.

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Lakshmanan, Raja V., Thejas Bhari, Shivanand Chavan, and Mark Leonard. "Significance of Preprocedure Ultrasound Scan in Ultrasound-guided Regional Anaesthesia." International Journal of Perioperative Ultrasound and Applied Technologies 1 (January 2012): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10027-1007.

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Maeda, Kazuo. "Safety of Transvaginal Scan Estimated from Ultrasonic Bioeffects." Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 1 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1498.

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ABSTRACT The embryo and fetus are generally studied using ultrasound imaging in pregnancy; however, ultrasound wave is absorbed by biological tissues to elevate the temperature. The growing embryonic and fetal tissue tends to be damaged by heating; thus, excess heating that damages young sensitive growing tissue should be prevented in ultrasound diagnosis. Hence, the thermal status of diagnostic ultrasound should be known with thermal index (TI), of which the determination and application are discussed in this chapter. Peculiar problem to transvaginal scan and thermal problem in febrile patient are discussed. Additionally, the cavitation, which is related with negative pressure, develops high pressure, high temperature, and free radicals that damage embryonic and fetal tissues. Therefore, the mechanical index (MI) has to be determined, measuring negative pressure of ultrasound. The MI is determined for the safety of diagnostic ultrasound. The ultrasound device output intensity that suppresses fetal amniotic JTC-3 cultured cell growth was determined, where 240 mW/cm2 or less output intensity did not suppress the cell growth, namely, the diagnostic ultrasound has no bioeffect when the output is lower than 240 mW/cm3. The as low as reasonably achievable principle in the Doppler method of 0.1 TI will be discussed. Three experimental reports of hazardous effects of ultrasound are discussed. How to cite this article Maeda K. Safety of Transvaginal Scan Estimated from Ultrasonic Bioeffects. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(1):1-6.

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Liu, Guanghui, Na Li, Xuena Li, Song Chen, Bulin Du, and Yaming Li. "Thyroid Remnant Estimation by Diagnostic DoseI131Scintigraphy orTcO4-99mScintigraphy after Thyroidectomy: A Comparison with Therapeutic DoseI131Imaging." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4763824.

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In this clinical study, we have compared routine diagnostic dose131I scan andTcO4-99mthyroid scintigraphy with therapeutic dose131I imaging for accurate thyroid remnant estimation after total thyroidectomy. We conducted a retrospective review of the patients undergoing total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) and subsequently receiving radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment to ablate remnant thyroid tissue. All patients had therapeutic dose RAI whole body scan, which was compared with that of diagnostic dose RAI,TcO4-99mthyroid scan, and ultrasound examination. We concluded that therapeutic dose RAI scan reveals some extent thyroid remnant in all DTC patients following total thyroidectomy. Diagnostic RAI scan is much superior to ultrasound andTcO4-99mthyroid scan for the postoperative estimation of thyroid remnant. Ultrasound andTcO4-99mthyroid scan provide little information for thyroid remnant estimation and, therefore, would not replace diagnostic RAI scan.

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Eckenrode, Amanda H., Joseph A. Ewing, Jennifer Kotrady, Allyson L. Hale, and Dane E. Smith. "HIDA Scan with Ejection Fraction is over Utilized in the Management of Biliary Dyskinesia." American Surgeon 81, no. 7 (July 2015): 669–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481508100714.

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Patients with upper abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting are often evaluated with ultrasound to diagnose symptomatic cholelithiasis or cholecystitis. With a normal ultrasound, a hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scan with ejection fraction (EF) is recommended to evaluate gallbladder function. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the HIDA scan with EF was appropriately utilized in considering cholecystectomy. Over 18 months, we performed 1533 HIDA scans with EF. After exclusion, 1501 were analyzable, 438 of whom underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients were divided into two groups: those with typical and atypical symptoms of biliary colic. Our primary endpoint was symptom resolution of those who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Symptom resolution was assessed by chart review of postop visits or readmissions. In patients with typical symptoms, resolution occurred in 66 per cent of patients with positive HIDA and 77 per cent with negative HIDA ( P = 0.292). In patients with atypical symptoms, resolution occurred in 64 per cent of patients with positive HIDA and 43 per cent with negative HIDA ( P = 0.013). A HIDA scan with EF was not useful in patients with typical symptoms of biliary colic and negative ultrasounds, and should not be used to make a decision for cholecystectomy. However, this test can be helpful in patients with atypical symptoms, as it does predict symptom improvement in this group.

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Raga, Francisco, Oscar Caballero, Francisco Bonilla, Luiz Eduardo Machado, Fernando Bonilla-Musoles, and Clodoaldo Cadete. "Second Trimester Anomaly Scan using 3D/4D Ultrasound." Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 4 (2015): 372–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1424.

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ABSTRACT The use of three-dimensional/four-dimensional (3D/4D) ultrasound has become ‘universal’ in the increasingly precise diagnosis of fetal malformations. The introduction of new ultrasound modes, such as the HDlive or the Radiance System Architecture (RSA), which improve even more the quality of images, makes it easier to examine normal embryos and fetuses with incredible perfection and achieve diagnosis of malformations, increasingly complex and of high clinical importance. How to cite this article Bonilla-Musoles F, Bonilla F Jr, Raga F, Caballero O, Cadete C, Machado LE. Second Trimester Anomaly Scan using 3D/4D Ultrasound. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;9(4):372-381.

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Efremidou, E. I., A. Oikonomou, E. Pavlidou, G. Drosos, A. Koutsopoulos, and N. Liratzopoulos. "Juxtacortical Clavicular Chondrosarcoma: Diagnostic Dilemmas: Case Report and Review of Literature." Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology 7 (January 2013): CMO.S10542. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cmo.s10542.

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Juxtacortical chondrosarcoma is a rare primary malignant cartilaginous tumor accounting for 0.2% of all bone tumors. Wide surgical resection is the treatment of choice for juxtacortical chondrosarcomas. Accurate preoperative diagnosis is important in ensuring appropriate management, staging, and treatment of the patient. A combination of radiographs, three-dimensional imaging with computerized tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can typically allow accurate diagnosis of juxtacortical chondrosarcomas. Bone scan and chest x-ray or CT chest scans are indicated for appropriate staging of the patient. Pet scan, ultrasound, bone scan, etc. are not typically needed for the diagnosis. Certainly, pulmonary imaging and bone scan are required for staging and could be commented upon.

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Jacobs, Paul M. "Intraocular gas measurement using A-scan ultrasound." Current Eye Research 5, no. 8 (January 1986): 575–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02713688609015121.

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Brandão, Pedro, Elisa Soares, Catarina Estevinho, Marília Freixo, AnaSofia Portela-Carvalho, and MariaJoão Ferreira. "Skeletal defect at mid-Trimester ultrasound scan." Journal of Medical Ultrasound 26, no. 2 (2018): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jmu.jmu_44_18.

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Brandao, Pedro, Elisa Soares, Catarina Estevinho, Marília Freixo, AnaSofia Portela-Carvalho, and MariaJoão Ferreira. "Skeletal defect at mid-trimester ultrasound scan." Journal of Medical Ultrasound 26, no. 3 (2018): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jmu.jmu_45_18.

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Nicholls, Stephen C., and Watson Smith. "Peripheral arterial embolization: Doppler ultrasound scan diagnosis." Journal of Vascular Surgery 31, no. 4 (April 2000): 811–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mva.2000.102324.

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Angelsen, Bjorn A. J., and Tonni F. Johansen. "Multiple Scan-Plane Ultrasound Imaging Of Objects." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 129, no. 1 (2011): 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3554820.

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Krücker, Jochen F., Charles R. Meyer, Theresa A. Tuthill, Gerald L. LeCarpentier, J. Brian Fowlkes, and Paul L. Carson. "3D compounding of B‐scan ultrasound images." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 105, no. 2 (February 1999): 1209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.425687.

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Anumba, Dilly O. C. "The small baby on gestational ultrasound scan." Current Obstetrics & Gynaecology 12, no. 5 (October 2002): 286–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/cuog.2002.0276.

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Mohammed Abd Elgyoum, Ala. "Diagnosis of Meckel Gruber Syndrome Ultrasound Scan." International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 4, no. 3 (2016): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbmr.20160403.14.

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Patta, U., K. Jones, P. Kanakaraj, and L. Larson. "P29.13: Molar pregnancy: sensitivity of ultrasound scan." Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 30, no. 4 (September 21, 2007): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.4754.

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Yakasai, I. A., and A. M. Isyaku. "P34.09: Outcome of early pregnancy ultrasound scan." Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 32, no. 3 (August 2008): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/uog.6026.

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Parker, Kevin J. "Superresolution imaging in ultrasound B-scan imaging." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 133, no. 5 (May 2013): 3587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4806613.

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Sivarajah, V., and N. K. Ramamurthy. "Transverse ultrasound scan of the upper abdomen." BMJ 348, may29 1 (May 29, 2014): g3507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g3507.

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Kirk, E. "Hyperemesis gravidarum: is an ultrasound scan necessary?" Human Reproduction 21, no. 9 (June 3, 2006): 2440–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/del166.

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Nicholas, D., D. K. Nassiri, P. Garbutt, and C. R. Hill. "Tissue characterization from ultrasound B-scan data." Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 12, no. 2 (February 1986): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-5629(86)90018-9.

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Lalani, Z., and F. I. Jackson. "Contact B-scan ultrasound of the breast." Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 14 (January 1988): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-5629(88)90066-x.

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Chasen, Stephen, Jane Streltzoff, and Frank A. Chervenak. "143: Ultrasound at 11-14 weeks: “Nuchal scan” or “early anatomy scan”?" American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 197, no. 6 (December 2007): S52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2007.10.155.

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Bucolo, Maide, Arturo Buscarino, Luigi Fortuna, and Salvina Gagliano. "Force Feedback Assistance in Remote Ultrasound Scan Procedures." Energies 13, no. 13 (July 1, 2020): 3376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13133376.

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In this contribution, we approached a new aspect in robotic applications. We investigated human–machine modeling for remote ultrasound scan equipment. While robotic systems for ultrasound scan applications with remote operations have been widely studied, in this research, remote force-feedback control was tested. The goal is for the human operator to receive, as physical input, the correct force perception transmitted by the remote ultrasound scan equipment in analyzing the body of the patient. Two principal aspects were investigated. The first was an artificial body model to receive the control signals from the remote equipment. The second aspect was to study a suitable feedback control law that attempts to compensate for the uncertainty between the artificial body and the patient’s body, while also taking into account the transmission delay. Therefore, the task was to give the operator relevant information while considering the force effect; thus, providing a reliable and efficient platform in order to work in remote conditions with ultrasound scan equipment.

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Wang, Xiao Yu, Dong Mei Wu, and Zhi Jiang Du. "Freehand 3D Ultrasound Calibration Based on Two-Layer Z-Fiducial Phantom." Advanced Materials Research 317-319 (August 2011): 638–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.317-319.638.

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Spatial calibration is a key technique in Freehand 3D Ultrasound. In this article, a two-layer Z-fiducial phantom with one “Z” shaped fiducial in each layer is used to perform spatial calibration. After freehand scanning above the phantom, the intersections of the scan plane and Z-fiducial plane in B-scans are segmented, and the calibration transformation matrix between the coordinate system of the position sensor receiver and B-scan is calculated using the least-squares fitting algorithm. At last, the calibration result is evaluated on two criteria: precision and accuracy. The result shows that our phantom is convenient as well as reliable for freehand spatial calibration.

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Iuculano, Ambra, Cristina Peddes, and Giovanni Monni. "Early fetal megacystis: Is it possible to predict the prognosis in the first trimester?" Journal of Perinatal Medicine 46, no. 9 (November 27, 2018): 1035–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2017-0351.

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Abstract Objective: To evaluate the best management of fetal megacystis diagnosed in the first trimester and define the prognosis and the most appropriate follow-up as early as possible. Methods: This is a retrospective study of first-trimester fetal megacystis diagnosed in pregnant women who performed a combined screening for fetal aneuploidy. Megacystis was defined as a longitudinal bladder diameter (LBD) greater than 7 mm. All fetuses were divided into two groups according to the LBD: Group A with LBD > 15 mm and Group B with LBD < 15 mm. The fetal karyotype and associated anomalies were evaluated. Ultrasound monitoring was performed every 2 weeks (a second ultrasound scan after 2 weeks from diagnosis and a third ultrasound scan 2 weeks after the second one). Results: Twenty-six cases were identified between 2011 and 2016; three cases of aneuploidy were excluded from the study. Of the remaining 23 cases, 11 were included in Group A and 12 in Group B. All Group A fetuses had an adverse outcome. In Group B: five (41.7%) cases had an adverse outcome and seven (58.3%) had a spontaneous resolution of megacystis. The ultrasound findings of both the ultrasound scans, the second and the third, were 100% concordant. Conclusion: An ultrasound scan performed 2 weeks after the megacystis diagnosis can predict the outcome in fetuses with an LBD < 15 mm as early as the end of the first trimester. The outcome of euploid fetuses with an LBD < 15 mm was favorable in 58.3% of the cases.

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Smorgick, Noam, Ayala Krakov, Ron Maymon, Moshe Betser, Josef Tovbin, and Moty Pansky. "Postpartum Retained Products of Conception: A Novel Approach to Follow-Up and Early Diagnosis." Ultraschall in der Medizin - European Journal of Ultrasound 39, no. 06 (September 21, 2017): 643–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-113817.

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Abstract Purpose To investigate whether ultrasound follow-up for the detection of postpartum retained products of conception (RPOC) in women considered at risk for this condition may allow for early diagnosis. Methods Parturients at risk for RPOC underwent an ultrasound exam on the second postpartum day. Based on the ultrasound findings, women were either: (1) discharged to routine postpartum care in cases of normal scans, (2) invited for follow-up in cases of abnormal scans. We retrospectively analyzed the rates of women requiring uterine evacuation due to persistent abnormal scans. Results 761 parturients (out of 17 010 deliveries, 4.5 %) were included. Of those, 490 (64.4 %) women had a normal initial scan, but two of them were later readmitted for uterine evacuation. The remaining 271 (35.6 %) women were found to have an abnormal scan: (a) thickened endometrium > 10 mm with hypo- and hyper-echoes and negative Doppler flow considered low suspicion for RPOC was described in 260 cases, of whom 23 (8.8 %) underwent uterine evacuation with placental remnants confirmed in 12/23 (52.2 %), and (b) an echogenic mass with positive Doppler flow considered high suspicion for RPOC was described in 11 cases, all of whom underwent uterine evacuation, with placental remnants confirmed in 9/11 (81.8 %). The number of scans required to detect RPOC in one patient was 33. Conclusion Postpartum ultrasound evaluation may allow for early diagnosis of RPOC in women considered at risk for this condition.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ultrasound scan'

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