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Journal articles on the topic 'Ultrathin Metasurfaces'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Ren, Xuexin, Pankaj K. Jha, Yuan Wang, and Xiang Zhang. "Nonconventional metasurfaces: from non-Hermitian coupling, quantum interactions, to skin cloak." Nanophotonics 7, no. 6 (2018): 1233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0006.

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AbstractMetasurfaces are optically thin layers of subwavelength resonators that locally tailor the electromagnetic response at the nanoscale. Our metasurface research aims at developing novel designs and applications of metasurfaces that go beyond the classical regimes. In contrast to conventional phase gradient metasurfaces where each meta-atom responds individually, we are interested in developing metasurfaces where neighboring meta-atoms are strongly coupled. By engineering a non-Hermitian coupling between the meta-atoms, new degrees of freedom are introduced and novel functionalities can be achieved. We are also interested in combining classical metasurface with quantum emitters, which may offer opportunities for on-chip quantum technologies. Additionally, we have been designing metasurfaces to realize exciting phenomena and applications, such as ultrathin metasurface cloak and strong photonic spin-Hall effect. In this paper, we review our research efforts in optical metasurfaces in the past few years, which ranges from conventional to novel type of metasurface and from classical to quantum regime.

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Intaravanne, Yuttana, and Xianzhong Chen. "Recent advances in optical metasurfaces for polarization detection and engineered polarization profiles." Nanophotonics 9, no. 5 (2020): 1003–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0479.

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AbstractLike amplitude, phase and frequency, polarization is one of the fundamental properties of light, which can be used to record, process and store information. Optical metasurfaces are ultrathin inhomogeneous media with planar nanostructures that can manipulate the optical properties of light at the subwavelength scale, which have become a current subject of intense research due to the desirable control of light propagation. The unprecedented capability of optical metasurfaces in the manipulation of the light’s polarization at subwavelength resolution has provided an unusual approach for polarization detection and arbitrary manipulation of polarization profiles. A compact metasurface platform has been demonstrated to detect polarization information of a light beam and to arbitrarily engineer a polarization profile that is very difficult or impossible to realize with conventional optical elements. This review will focus on the recent progress on ultrathin metasurface devices for polarization detection and realization of customized polarization profiles. Optical metasurfaces have provided new opportunities for polarization detection and manipulation, which can facilitate real-world deployment of polarization-related devices and systems in various research fields, including sensing, imaging, encryption, optical communications, quantum science, and fundamental physics.

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3

Guo, Kai, and Zhongyi Guo. "Ultrathin Microwave Devices for Polarization-Dependent Wavefront Shaping Based on an Anisotropic Metasurface." Applied Sciences 8, no. 12 (2018): 2471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8122471.

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Metasurfaces have recently become a promising material, offering new degrees of freedom in molding electromagnetic wave properties. In this work, we propose and numerically investigate ultrathin microwave devices for polarization-dependent wavefront shaping based on an anisotropic metasurface, which consists of a square metal ring with a cross, a dielectric substrate, and a metal ground plane. It is demonstrated the proposed metasurface can independently manipulate reflective x- and y-polarized wavefronts at frequency of 15 GHz via engineering of the metal cross. Furthermore, the reflective efficient is extremely high, reaching a near-unity value of 0.98. Based on this anisotropic metasurface, a polarization beam splitter is achieved by artificially arranging the spatial distribution of metasurfaces with prescribed geometries. In addition, we successfully design a focusing metasurface to separate the x- and y-polarized beams via focusing them at different positions. The proposed approach paves a way toward the applications of the metasurface in a microwave band.

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4

Zhang, Shuyan, Chi Lok Wong, Shuwen Zeng, et al. "Metasurfaces for biomedical applications: imaging and sensing from a nanophotonics perspective." Nanophotonics 10, no. 1 (2020): 259–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0373.

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AbstractMetasurface is a recently developed nanophotonics concept to manipulate the properties of light by replacing conventional bulky optical components with ultrathin (more than 104 times thinner) flat optical components. Since the first demonstration of metasurfaces in 2011, they have attracted tremendous interest in the consumer optics and electronics industries. Recently, metasurface-empowered novel bioimaging and biosensing tools have emerged and been reported. Given the recent advances in metasurfaces in biomedical engineering, this review article covers the state of the art for this technology and provides a comprehensive interdisciplinary perspective on this field. The topics that we have covered include metasurfaces for chiral imaging, endoscopic optical coherence tomography, fluorescent imaging, super-resolution imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, quantitative phase imaging, sensing of antibodies, proteins, DNAs, cells, and cancer biomarkers. Future directions are discussed in twofold: application-specific biomedical metasurfaces and bioinspired metasurface devices. Perspectives on challenges and opportunities of metasurfaces, biophotonics, and translational biomedical devices are also provided. The objective of this review article is to inform and stimulate interdisciplinary research: firstly, by introducing the metasurface concept to the biomedical community; and secondly by assisting the metasurface community to understand the needs and realize the opportunities in the medical fields. In addition, this article provides two knowledge boxes describing the design process of a metasurface lens and the performance matrix of a biosensor, which serve as a “crash-course” introduction to those new to both fields.

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Sarma, Raktim, Michael Goldflam, Emily Donahue, et al. "Optimization and Prediction of Spectral Response of Metasurfaces Using Artificial Intelligence." Crystals 10, no. 12 (2020): 1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10121114.

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Hot-electron generation has been a topic of intense research for decades for numerous applications ranging from photodetection and photochemistry to biosensing. Recently, the technique of hot-electron generation using non-radiative decay of surface plasmons excited by metallic nanoantennas, or meta-atoms, in a metasurface has attracted attention. These metasurfaces can be designed with thicknesses on the order of the hot-electron diffusion length. The plasmonic resonances of these ultrathin metasurfaces can be tailored by changing the shape and size of the meta-atoms. One of the fundamental mechanisms leading to generation of hot-electrons in such systems is optical absorption, therefore, optimization of absorption is a key step in enhancing the performance of any metasurface based hot-electron device. Here we utilized an artificial intelligence-based approach, the genetic algorithm, to optimize absorption spectra of plasmonic metasurfaces. Using genetic algorithm optimization strategies, we designed a polarization insensitive plasmonic metasurface with 90% absorption at 1550 nm that does not require an optically thick ground plane. We fabricated and optically characterized the metasurface and our experimental results agree with simulations. Finally, we present a convolutional neural network that can predict the absorption spectra of metasurfaces never seen by the network, thereby eliminating the need for computationally expensive simulations. Our results suggest a new direction for optimizing hot-electron based photodetectors and sensors.

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6

Liu, Bo, Kerui Song, and Jiangnan Xiao. "Two-Dimensional Optical Metasurfaces: From Plasmons to Dielectrics." Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2019 (January 10, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2329168.

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Metasurfaces, kinds of planar ultrathin metamaterials, are able to modify the polarization, phase, and amplitude of physical fields of optical light by designed periodic subwavelength structures, attracting great interest in recent years. Based on the different type of the material, optical metasurfaces can be separated in two categories by the materials: one is metal and the other is dielectric. Metal metasurfaces rely on the surface plasma oscillations of subwavelength metal particles. Nevertheless, the loss caused by the metal structures has been a trouble, especially for devices working in transmit modes. The dielectric metasurfaces are based on the Faraday-Tyndall scattering of high-index dielectric light scattering particles. By reasonably designing the relevant parameters of the unit structure such as the size, direction, and shape, different functions of metasurfaces can realize and bring a wide range of applications. This article focuses on the metasurface concepts such as anomalous reflections and refractions and the working principle of different types of metasurfaces. Here, we briefly review the progress in developing optical over past few years and look into the near future.

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7

Wang, Hsiang-Chu, Cheng Hung Chu, Pin Chieh Wu, et al. "Ultrathin Planar Cavity Metasurfaces." Small 14, no. 17 (2018): 1703920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.201703920.

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8

Wang, Kai, James G. Titchener, Sergey S. Kruk, et al. "Quantum metasurface for multiphoton interference and state reconstruction." Science 361, no. 6407 (2018): 1104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aat8196.

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Metasurfaces based on resonant nanophotonic structures have enabled innovative types of flat-optics devices that often outperform the capabilities of bulk components, yet these advances remain largely unexplored for quantum applications. We show that nonclassical multiphoton interferences can be achieved at the subwavelength scale in all-dielectric metasurfaces. We simultaneously image multiple projections of quantum states with a single metasurface, enabling a robust reconstruction of amplitude, phase, coherence, and entanglement of multiphoton polarization-encoded states. One- and two-photon states are reconstructed through nonlocal photon correlation measurements with polarization-insensitive click detectors positioned after the metasurface, and the scalability to higher photon numbers is established theoretically. Our work illustrates the feasibility of ultrathin quantum metadevices for the manipulation and measurement of multiphoton quantum states, with applications in free-space quantum imaging and communications.

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Liu, Yahong, Meize Li, Kun Song, et al. "Broadband gradient phase discontinuity all-dielectric metasurface." Modern Physics Letters B 34, no. 15 (2020): 2050168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984920501687.

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In recent years, metasurfaces have widely been studied due to their ability to offer a spatially varying phase response, low losses, ultrathin size, and easy fabrication. In this paper, a gradient phase discontinuity all-dielectric metasurface consisting of arrays of silicon cube resonator is designed. By adjusting the dimension of the silicon cube resonator, a [Formula: see text] transmission phase covered from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] phase intervals is realized in a frequency from 9.7 GHz to 11.8 GHz. We demonstrate the all-dielectric metasurface can produce the anomalous refraction, vortex beams, and wave-focusing in the microwave and infrared band, respectively. It can be expected that the proposed metasurfaces can find wide applications in communication, designing integrated optical devices, and focusing lenses.

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10

He, Qiong, Shulin Sun, and Lei Zhou. "Tunable/Reconfigurable Metasurfaces: Physics and Applications." Research 2019 (July 7, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2019/1849272.

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Metasurfaces, ultrathin metamaterials constructed by planar meta-atoms with tailored electromagnetic (EM) responses, have attracted tremendous attention due to their exotic abilities to freely control EM waves. With active elements incorporated into metasurface designs, one can realize tunable and/or reconfigurable metadevices with functionalities controlled by external stimuli, opening a new platform to dynamically manipulate EM waves. In this article, we briefly review recent progress on tunable/reconfigurable metasurfaces, focusing on their working mechanisms and practical applications. We first describe available approaches, categorized into different classes based on external stimuli applied, to realize homogeneous tunable/reconfigurable metasurfaces, which can offer uniform manipulations on EM waves. We next summarize recent achievements on inhomogeneous tunable/reconfigurable metasurfaces with constitutional meta-atoms locally tuned by external knobs, which can dynamically control the wave-fronts of EM waves. We conclude this review by presenting our own perspectives on possible future directions and existing challenges in this fast developing field.

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11

Campbell, Sawyer, Yuhao Wu, Eric Whiting, Lei Kang, Pingjuan Werner, and Douglas Werner. "Synthesizing High-performance Reconfigurable Meta-devices through Multi-objective Optimization." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 35, no. 11 (2021): 1441–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.351189.

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Metasurfaces offer the potential to realize large SWaP (size, weight, and power) reduction over conventional optical elements for their ability to achieve comparable functionalities in ultrathin geometries. Moreover, metasurfaces designed with phase change materials offer the potential to go beyond what is achievable by conventional optics by enabling multiple functionalities in a single reconfigurable meta-device. However, designing a single metasurface geometry that simultaneously achieves multiple desired functionalities while meeting all bandwidth requirements and fabrication constraints is a very challenging problem. Fortunately, this challenge can be overcome by the use of state-of-the-art multi-objective optimization algorithms which are well-suited for the inverse-design of multifunctional meta-devices.

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Huang, Lingling, Shuang Zhang, and Thomas Zentgraf. "Metasurface holography: from fundamentals to applications." Nanophotonics 7, no. 6 (2018): 1169–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2017-0118.

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AbstractHolography has emerged as a vital approach to fully engineer the wavefronts of light since its invention dating back to the last century. However, the typically large pixel size, small field of view and limited space-bandwidth impose limitations in the on-demand high-performance applications, especially for three-dimensional displays and large-capacity data storage. Meanwhile, metasurfaces have shown great potential in controlling the propagation of light through the well-tailored scattering behavior of the constituent ultrathin planar elements with a high spatial resolution, making them suitable for holographic beam-shaping elements. Here, we review recent developments in the field of metasurface holography, from the classification of metasurfaces to the design strategies for both free-space and surface waves. By employing the concepts of holographic multiplexing, multiple information channels, such as wavelength, polarization state, spatial position and nonlinear frequency conversion, can be employed using metasurfaces. Meanwhile, the switchable metasurface holography by the integration of functional materials stimulates a gradual transition from passive to active elements. Importantly, the holography principle has become a universal and simple approach to solving inverse engineering problems for electromagnetic waves, thus allowing various related techniques to be achieved.

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13

Akram, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Qasim Mehmood, Xudong Bai, Ronghong Jin, Malin Premaratne, and Weiren Zhu. "High Efficiency Ultrathin Transmissive Metasurfaces." Advanced Optical Materials 7, no. 11 (2019): 1801628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adom.201801628.

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Qin, Fei, Lu Ding, Lei Zhang, et al. "Hybrid bilayer plasmonic metasurface efficiently manipulates visible light." Science Advances 2, no. 1 (2016): e1501168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501168.

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Metasurfaces operating in the cross-polarization scheme have shown an interesting degree of control over the wavefront of transmitted light. Nevertheless, their inherently low efficiency in visible light raises certain concerns for practical applications. Without sacrificing the ultrathin flat design, we propose a bilayer plasmonic metasurface operating at visible frequencies, obtained by coupling a nanoantenna-based metasurface with its complementary Babinet-inverted copy. By breaking the radiation symmetry because of the finite, yet small, thickness of the proposed structure and benefitting from properly tailored intra- and interlayer couplings, such coupled bilayer metasurface experimentally yields a conversion efficiency of 17%, significantly larger than that of earlier single-layer designs, as well as an extinction ratio larger than 0 dB, meaning that anomalous refraction dominates the transmission response. Our finding shows that metallic metasurface can counterintuitively manipulate the visible light as efficiently as dielectric metasurface (~20% in conversion efficiency in Lin et al.’s study), although the metal’s ohmic loss is much higher than dielectrics. Our hybrid bilayer design, still being ultrathin (~λ/6), is found to obey generalized Snell’s law even in the presence of strong couplings. It is capable of efficiently manipulating visible light over a broad bandwidth and can be realized with a facile one-step nanofabrication process.

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Wen, Dandan, Fuyong Yue, Wenwei Liu, Shuqi Chen, and Xianzhong Chen. "Geometric Metasurfaces for Ultrathin Optical Devices." Advanced Optical Materials 6, no. 17 (2018): 1800348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adom.201800348.

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16

Hongchen Chu, 褚宏晨, and 赖耘 Yun Lai. "Ultrathin invisibility cloaks based on metasurfaces." Infrared and Laser Engineering 49, no. 9 (2020): 20201038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/irla.11_invited-laiyun.

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17

Hongchen Chu, 褚宏晨, and 赖耘 Yun Lai. "Ultrathin invisibility cloaks based on metasurfaces." Infrared and Laser Engineering 49, no. 9 (2020): 20201038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/irla20201038.

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18

Wei, Qunshuo, Lingling Huang, Thomas Zentgraf, and Yongtian Wang. "Optical wavefront shaping based on functional metasurfaces." Nanophotonics 9, no. 5 (2020): 987–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0478.

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AbstractRegarded as a kind of smart surfaces, metasurfaces can arbitrarily tailor the amplitude, phase, and polarization of light. Metasurfaces usually consist of subwavelength nanoantenna or nanoresonator arrays, which are delicately designed and processed. As an ultrathin, miniaturized versatile wavefront modulation device, metasurfaces have great information capacity and can arouse the future development of highly integrated micronano optoelectronic systems. Exploiting the advantages of ultrasmall pixels, flexible design freedom, low loss, and easy processing properties, metasurfaces provide potential feasibility and new perspectives for a plethora of applications. Here we review the research progress of metasurfaces for holographic displays, polarization conversion, active modulation, linear and nonlinear wavefront modulation, and prospect the future development trend of metasurfaces.

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Han, S. K., W. Zhang, G. J. Ma, C. W. Wu, and Z. Chen. "Ultrathin reflective acoustic metasurface based on the synergetic coupling of resonant cavity and labyrinthine beams." Modern Physics Letters B 32, no. 14 (2018): 1850144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984918501440.

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We propose a reflective acoustic metasurface by taking advantage of the synergetic coupling of two kinds of widely used elements, the resonant cavity and the labyrinthine beam. A full 2[Formula: see text] phase shift range can be obtained by varying the neck width. The structure manipulates the reflective waves on a very deep subwavelength scale with the thickness being only 1/50 of the wavelength, which eliminates the enormous obstacle in low frequency applications. The synergetic coupling of the resonant cavity and the inner labyrinthine beams provide a useful guide for the design of acoustic metasurfaces.

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Li, Nanxi, Zhengji Xu, Yuan Dong, et al. "Large-area metasurface on CMOS-compatible fabrication platform: driving flat optics from lab to fab." Nanophotonics 9, no. 10 (2020): 3071–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0063.

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AbstractA metasurface is a layer of subwavelength-scale nanostructures that can be used to design functional devices in ultrathin form. Various metasurface-based optical devices – coined as flat optics devices – have been realized with distinction performances in research laboratories using electron beam lithography. To make such devices mass producible at low cost, metasurfaces over a large area have also been defined with lithography steppers and scanners, which are commonly used in semiconductor foundries. This work reviews the metasurface process platforms and functional devices fabricated using complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatible mass manufacturing technologies. Taking both fine critical dimension and mass production into account, the platforms developed at the Institute of Microelectronics (IME), A*STAR using advanced 12-inch immersion lithography have been presented with details, including process flow and demonstrated optical functionalities. These developed platforms aim to drive the flat optics from lab to fab.

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21

Shields, Joe, Carlota Ruiz de Galarreta, Jacopo Bertolotti, and C. David Wright. "Enhanced Performance and Diffusion Robustness of Phase-Change Metasurfaces via a Hybrid Dielectric/Plasmonic Approach." Nanomaterials 11, no. 2 (2021): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020525.

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Materials of which the refractive indices can be thermally tuned or switched, such as in chalcogenide phase-change alloys, offer a promising path towards the development of active optical metasurfaces for the control of the amplitude, phase, and polarization of light. However, for phase-change metasurfaces to be able to provide viable technology for active light control, in situ electrical switching via resistive heaters integral to or embedded in the metasurface itself is highly desirable. In this context, good electrical conductors (metals) with high melting points (i.e., significantly above the melting point of commonly used phase-change alloys) are required. In addition, such metals should ideally have low plasmonic losses, so as to not degrade metasurface optical performance. This essentially limits the choice to a few noble metals, namely, gold and silver, but these tend to diffuse quite readily into phase-change materials (particularly the archetypal Ge2Sb2Te5 alloy used here), and into dielectric resonators such as Si or Ge. In this work, we introduce a novel hybrid dielectric/plasmonic metasurface architecture, where we incorporated a thin Ge2Sb2Te5 layer into the body of a cubic silicon nanoresonator lying on metallic planes that simultaneously acted as high-efficiency reflectors and resistive heaters. Through systematic studies based on changing the configuration of the bottom metal plane between high-melting-point diffusive and low-melting-point nondiffusive metals (Au and Al, respectively), we explicitly show how thermally activated diffusion can catastrophically and irreversibly degrade the optical performance of chalcogenide phase-change metasurface devices, and how such degradation can be successfully overcome at the design stage via the incorporation of ultrathin Si3N4 barrier layers between the gold plane and the hybrid Si/Ge2Sb2Te5 resonators. Our work clarifies the importance of diffusion of noble metals in thermally tunable metasurfaces and how to overcome it, thus helping phase-change-based metasurface technology move a step closer towards the realization of real-world applications.

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Lv, Jiangtao, Ming Zhou, Qiongchan Gu, Xiaoxiao Jiang, Yu Ying, and Guangyuan Si. "Metamaterial Lensing Devices." Molecules 24, no. 13 (2019): 2460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24132460.

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In recent years, the development of metamaterials and metasurfaces has drawn great attention, enabling many important practical applications. Focusing and lensing components are of extreme importance because of their significant potential practical applications in biological imaging, display, and nanolithography fabrication. Metafocusing devices using ultrathin structures (also known as metasurfaces) with superlensing performance are key building blocks for developing integrated optical components with ultrasmall dimensions. In this article, we review the metamaterial superlensing devices working in transmission mode from the perfect lens to two-dimensional metasurfaces and present their working principles. Then we summarize important practical applications of metasurfaces, such as plasmonic lithography, holography, and imaging. Different typical designs and their focusing performance are also discussed in detail.

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Sirmaci, Y. Denizhan, Zian Tang, Stefan Fasold, et al. "Plasmonic Metasurfaces Situated on Ultrathin Carbon Nanomembranes." ACS Photonics 7, no. 4 (2020): 1060–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.0c00073.

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Zhu, Yu, Xiaoyong Hu, Hong Yang, and Qihuang Gong. "Switchable cross-polarization conversion in ultrathin metasurfaces." Journal of Optics 17, no. 10 (2015): 105101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8978/17/10/105101.

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Kim, Kyoung‐Ho, Gwang‐Hun Jung, Seo‐Joo Lee, Hong‐Gyu Park, and Q‐Han Park. "Ultrathin Capacitive Metasurfaces for Strong Electric Response." Advanced Optical Materials 4, no. 10 (2016): 1501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adom.201600146.

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Qi, Shuibao, and Badreddine Assouar. "Ultrathin acoustic metasurfaces for reflective wave focusing." Journal of Applied Physics 123, no. 23 (2018): 234501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5031482.

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Rahimi, Eesa, and Kürşat Şendur. "Femtosecond pulse shaping by ultrathin plasmonic metasurfaces." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 33, no. 2 (2015): A1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.33.0000a1.

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Fan, Xuanqing, Yuhang Li, Sihong Chen, Yufeng Xing, and Taisong Pan. "Stretchable Metasurfaces: Mechanical Terahertz Modulation by Skin‐Like Ultrathin Stretchable Metasurface (Small 37/2020)." Small 16, no. 37 (2020): 2070200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.202070200.

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Mo, Weicheng, Xuli Wei, Kejia Wang, Yao Li, and Jinsong Liu. "Ultrathin flexible terahertz polarization converter based on metasurfaces." Optics Express 24, no. 12 (2016): 13621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.24.013621.

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Naserpour, Mahin, Carlos J. Zapata-Rodríguez, Carlos Díaz-Aviñó, Mahdieh Hashemi, and Juan J. Miret. "Ultrathin high-index metasurfaces for shaping focused beams." Applied Optics 54, no. 25 (2015): 7586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.54.007586.

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Martinez, Idellyse, Anastasios H. Panaretos, and Douglas H. Werner. "Reconfigurable Ultrathin Beam Redirecting Metasurfaces for RCS Reduction." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 16 (2017): 1915–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2017.2686779.

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Zhai, Shilong, Huaijun Chen, Changlin Ding, et al. "Ultrathin skin cloaks with metasurfaces for audible sound." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 49, no. 22 (2016): 225302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/49/22/225302.

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Che, Yuanhang, Xiaoting Wang, Qinghai Song, Yabei Zhu, and Shumin Xiao. "Tunable optical metasurfaces enabled by multiple modulation mechanisms." Nanophotonics 9, no. 15 (2020): 4407–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0311.

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AbstractWith their ultrathin characteristics as well as the powerful and flexible capabilities of wavefront modulation, optical metasurfaces have brought a new understanding of the interaction between light and matter and provided a powerful way to constrain and manage light. However, the unmodifiable structures and the immutable materials used in the construction lead to the unsatisfactory applications in most functional devices. The emergence of tunable optical metasurfaces breaks the aforementioned limitations and enables us to achieve dynamic control of the optical response. The work in recent years has focused on achieving tunability of optical metasurfaces through material property transition and structural reconfiguration. In this review, some tunable optical metasurfaces in recent years are introduced and summarized, as well as the advantages and limitations of various materials and mechanisms used for this purpose. The corresponding applications in functional devices based on tunability are also discussed. The review is terminated with a short section on the possible future developments and perspectives for future applications.

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Zhang, Lei, Jiyong Wang, Aurelien Coillet, Philippe Grelu, Benoit Cluzel, and Min Qiu. "Nonlinear plasmonic metasurfaces assisted laser mode locking." EPJ Web of Conferences 243 (2020): 14001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202024314001.

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Plasmonic metasurfaces are artificial 2D layers made of subwavelength elementary cells, which give rise to novel wave properties that do not exist in nature. In the linear regime, their applications have been extensively studied, especially in wavefront manipulation for lensing, holography or polarization control. Interests in metasurfaces operating in nonlinear regime have also increased due to their ability to efficiently convert the fundamental light into harmonic frequencies and multiphoton emissions. Nevertheless, practical applications in the nonlinear regime have been rarely reported. In this study, we report that plasmonic metasurfaces with well-controlled polarimetric nonlinear transfer functions perform as saturable absorbers with modulation performances superior to that of other 2D materials. We employ planar nanotechnologies to fabricate 2D plasmonic metasurfaces with precise size, gap and orientation. We quantify the relationship between saturable absorption and the plasmonic resonances of the unit cell by altering the excitation power of pumping laser, the polarization of incident light and the geometrical parameters of the plasmonic metasurfaces. Finally, we provide a practical implementation by integrating the saturable metasurfaces into a fiber laser cavity and realize a stable self-starting ultrashort laser pulse generation. As such, this work sheds light on ultrathin nonlinear saturable absorbers for applications where nonlinear functions are required, such as in ultrafast laser or neuromorphic circuits.

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Hu, Sha, Shengyan Yang, Zhe Liu, Junjie Li, and Changzhi Gu. "Broadband cross-polarization conversion by symmetry-breaking ultrathin metasurfaces." Applied Physics Letters 111, no. 24 (2017): 241108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5006540.

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Hassani Gangaraj, Seyyed Ali, and Francesco Monticone. "Molding light with metasurfaces: from far-field to near-field interactions." Nanophotonics 7, no. 6 (2018): 1025–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2017-0126.

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AbstractThe field of metasurfaces is revolutionizing the way we control and manipulate light and electromagnetic fields based on engineered ultrathin structures. In this review article, we discuss the theory, modeling, and applications of metasurfaces, with particular focus on controlling the near-field response of sources close to the artificial surface. Although metasurfaces have attracted large attention for their ability to control and mold the wavefront of propagating waves, hence acting as flat lenses, they can also be used to modify the emission/radiation from near-field sources and control the generation and propagation of surface waves guided and confined along the surface. We discuss the analytical modeling of metasurfaces treated as homogenized impedance sheets and elucidate the application and limits of this approach for near-field sources. We devote a large part of the review article to anisotropic and hyperbolic metasurfaces, which enable some of the most exciting and extreme examples of anomalous surface-wave propagation on planarized artificial structures, with important implications for light focusing, confinement, and subwavelength imaging. We also connect these ideas with the emerging area of 2D materials and discuss how to implement hyperbolic metasurfaces with graphene and black phosphorus. We hope that this review article may provide the reader with relevant physical insights and useful analytical tools to study metasurfaces and their near-field interactions with localized sources and, more generally, offer an overview of this field and its ambitious goal of ideal light control on a surface.

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Rahimzadegan, Aso, Dennis Arslan, David Dams, et al. "Beyond dipolar Huygens’ metasurfaces for full-phase coverage and unity transmittance." Nanophotonics 9, no. 1 (2019): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0239.

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AbstractMetasurfaces made from densely packed resonant wavelength-scale particles enable abrupt modulation of impinging electromagnetic radiation within an ultrathin surface. Combining duality symmetry of particles and rotational symmetry of their arrangement led to the development of Huygens’ metasurfaces with perfect transmission. However, so far, when identical particles are considered, only their dipolar multipolar contributions are engineered. There, the achievable phase coverage at a fixed wavelength when modifying the period is smaller than 2π, being a clear limitation for applications. To lift such limitation, we consider dipolar-quadrupolar Huygens’ metasurfaces. They consist of scatterers that require a dipolar and a quadrupolar term to capture their response. We show that such metasurfaces offer access to the desired 2π phase coverage while preserving the perfect efficiency when the conditions of duality and symmetry continue to be met. We also propose core-multishell and disk-multiring particles made from realistic materials to meet the requirements and that can be used to build such metasurfaces. Our results are important as a theoretical basis for large-scale fabrications in imaging and integrated optics.

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Mohammadi Estakhri, Nasim, Christos Argyropoulos, and Andrea Alù. "Graded metascreens to enable a new degree of nanoscale light management." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 373, no. 2049 (2015): 20140351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0351.

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Optical metasurfaces, typically referred to as two-dimensional metamaterials, are arrays of engineered subwavelength inclusions suitably designed to tailor the light properties, including amplitude, phase and polarization state, over deeply subwavelength scales. By exploiting anomalous localized interactions of surface elements with optical waves, metasurfaces can go beyond the functionalities offered by conventional diffractive optical gratings. The innate simplicity of implementation and the distinct underlying physics of their wave–matter interaction distinguish metasurfaces from three-dimensional metamaterials and provide a valuable means of moulding optical waves in the desired manner. Here, we introduce a general approach based on the electromagnetic equivalence principle to develop and synthesize graded, non-periodic metasurfaces to generate arbitrarily prescribed distributions of electromagnetic waves. Graded metasurfaces are realized with a single layer of spatially modulated, electrically polarizable nanoparticles, tailoring the scattering response of the surface with nanoscale resolutions. We discuss promising applications based on the proposed local wave management technique, including the design of ultrathin optical carpet cloaks, alignment-free polarization beam splitters and a novel approach to enable broadband light absorption enhancement in thin-film solar cells. This concept opens up a practical route towards efficient planarized optical structures with potential impact on the integrated nanophotonic technology.

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Chen, Huaijun. "Anomalous Reflection of Acoustic Waves in Air with Metasurfaces at Low Frequency." Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5452071.

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An acoustic metasurface made of a composite structure of cavity and membrane is proposed and numerically investigated. The target frequency is in the low frequency regime (570 Hz). The unit cells, which provide precise local phase modulation, are rather thin with thickness in the order around 1/5 of the working wavelength. The numerical simulations show that the designed metasurface can steer the reflected waves at will. By taking the advantage of this metasurface, an ultrathin planar acoustic axicon, acoustic lens, and acoustic nondiffracting Airy beam generator are realized. Our design method provides a new approach for the revolution of future acoustic devices.

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Rho, Junsuk. "Metasurfaces: Subwavelength nanostructure arrays for ultrathin flat optics and photonics." MRS Bulletin 45, no. 3 (2020): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2020.68.

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Tang, Yi-Fan, Bin Liang, Jing Yang, Jun Yang, and Jian-chun Cheng. "Voltage-controlled membrane-type active acoustic metasurfaces with ultrathin thickness." Applied Physics Express 12, no. 6 (2019): 064501. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/1882-0786/ab1277.

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Cai, Haogang, David Czaplewski, Karim Ogando, et al. "Ultrathin transmissive metasurfaces for multi-wavelength optics in the visible." Applied Physics Letters 114, no. 7 (2019): 071106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5082557.

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Lee, Jongwon, Nishant Nookala, J. Sebastian Gomez‐Diaz, et al. "Ultrathin Second‐Harmonic Metasurfaces with Record‐High Nonlinear Optical Response." Advanced Optical Materials 4, no. 5 (2016): 664–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adom.201500723.

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Lu, Yu-Jing, Yong Ge, Shou-Qi Yuan, Hong-Xiang Sun, and Xiao-Jun Liu. "Acoustic logic gates by a curved waveguide with ultrathin metasurfaces." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 53, no. 1 (2019): 015301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ab483e.

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Fathnan, Ashif A., Andreas E. Olk, and David A. Powell. "Bandwidth limit and synthesis approach for single resonance ultrathin metasurfaces." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 53, no. 49 (2020): 495304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/abb390.

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Wang, Lin Biao, Kye Yak See, Jun Wu Zhang, Budiman Salam, and Albert Chee Wai Lu. "Ultrathin and Flexible Screen-Printed Metasurfaces for EMI Shielding Applications." IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility 53, no. 3 (2011): 700–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/temc.2011.2159509.

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Zhai, Shilong, Huaijun Chen, Changlin Ding, Fangliang Shen, Chunrong Luo, and Xiaopeng Zhao. "Manipulation of transmitted wave front using ultrathin planar acoustic metasurfaces." Applied Physics A 120, no. 4 (2015): 1283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-015-9379-6.

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Chen, Aobo, and Francesco Monticone. "Dielectric Nonlocal Metasurfaces for Fully Solid-State Ultrathin Optical Systems." ACS Photonics 8, no. 5 (2021): 1439–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.1c00189.

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Chen, Shumei, Guixin Li, Kok Wai Cheah, Thomas Zentgraf, and Shuang Zhang. "Controlling the phase of optical nonlinearity with plasmonic metasurfaces." Nanophotonics 7, no. 6 (2018): 1013–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0011.

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AbstractMetasurfaces are ultrathin structured surfaces that are capable of manipulating the propagation of light in an arbitrary manner. It has been endowed with various functionalities ranging from imaging to holography. In contrast to linear optical processes, the control of wave propagation and diffraction over nonlinear optical processes such as harmonic generations had been much more limited until recently, when the concept of metasurfaces was extended from linear optics to the nonlinear optical regime for manipulating the generation of harmonic signals in an unprecedented level. The key to this recent development lies in the local control over the phase and/or the amplitude of nonlinear polarizability. This new development has led to an array of interesting optical phenomena and nonlinear optical devices that went beyond what had been achieved with traditional nonlinear optical elements. In this review, we summarize the latest progress in controlling the local phase of nonlinearity with plasmonic metasurfaces, with a focus on nonlinear geometric Berry phase and wavefront engineering, and various device applications with nonlinear metasurfaces.

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Chen, Pai-Yen, Christos Argyropoulos, and Andrea Alù. "Enhanced nonlinearities using plasmonic nanoantennas." Nanophotonics 1, no. 3-4 (2012): 221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2012-0016.

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AbstractIn this paper, we review and discuss how nanoantennas may be used to largely enhance the nonlinear response of optical materials. For single nanoantennas, there have been tremendous advancements in understanding how to exploit the local field enhancement to boost the nonlinear susceptibility at the surface or sharp edges of plasmonic metals. After an overview of the work in this area, we discuss the possibility of controlling the optical nonlinear response using nanocircuit concepts and of significantly enhancing various nonlinear optical processes using planar arrays of plasmonic nanoantennas loaded with χ(2) or χ(3) nonlinear optical materials, forming ultrathin, nanometer-scale nonlinear metasurfaces, as optical nanodevices. We describe how this concept may be used to boost the efficiency of nonlinear wave mixing and optical bistability, due to the large local field enhancement at the nonlinear nanoloads associated with the plasmonic features of suitably tailored nanoantenna designs. We finally discuss three exciting applications of the proposed nonlinear metasurface: dramatically-enhanced frequency conversion efficiency, efficient phase-conjugation for super-resolution imaging and large optical bistabilities.

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