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Journal articles on the topic 'Ultraviolet treatment'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 March 2023

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1

Ferriccioni, Natalia, Ricardo Mateucci, Agustina Zangrando, Susana Santana, and Carmen A. Campos. "Effect of decontamination treatment on the quality of dehydrated thyme, coriander, and mustard." Food Science and Technology International 25, no. 7 (May 22, 2019): 579–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013219850667.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of different decontamination treatments on the quality of dehydrated thyme, coriander, and mustard. Treatments applied were: (i) ultraviolet radiation treatment irradiation; (ii) steam, (iii) steam–ultraviolet radiation treatment; (iv) humidification–ultraviolet radiation treatment, and (v) steam–humidification–ultraviolet radiation treatment. Their effectiveness to control indigenous aerobic mesophiles and yeasts and molds population was assessed by plate count. The effect of proposed treatments on total polyphenol contents and antioxidant activity was also evaluated. Furthermore, the effect of treatments on spices performance to prevent canola oil oxidation was also analyzed. The use of steam–ultraviolet radiation treatment in aqueous medium was the most effective for decontamination, reducing the aerobic mesophiles and yeasts and molds counts between 1.0 and 2.2 log CFU/g dry spice. This treatment decreased significantly the polyphenol content and the antioxidant capacity of the three spices analyzed. However, in the case of mustard, the residual antioxidant compounds were able to control canola oil oxidation more efficiently than butylated hydroxytoluene. Results suggest that the use of steam–ultraviolet radiation treatment in aqueous medium can be useful in food preservation processes.

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2

Gupta, Sujata. "Could milk get ultraviolet treatment?" New Scientist 210, no. 2814 (May 2011): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(11)61240-2.

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3

Tran, Mai Thu Thi, and Mohammed Farid. "Ultraviolet treatment of orange juice." Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies 5, no. 4 (December 2004): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2004.08.002.

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4

Karamova, Arfenya E., Lyudmila F. Znamenskaya, Svetlana I. Svishchenko, Mar'yana B. Zhilova, Maria A. Nefedova, and Anna S. Pugner. "Combination treatment of disseminated granuloma annulare." Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii 96, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25208/vdv549-2020-96-1-34-44.

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Purpose. To present the results of the treatment of disseminated form of granuloma annulare with remote long-wave ultraviolet therapy and low level laser therapy. Material and methods. Two female patients at the age of 50 and 53 years with complaints of generalised eruptions on the skin of the trunk, upper and lower limbs and a histologically confirmed diagnosis were treated using a combination of remote long-wave ultraviolet therapy and low level laser therapy of infrared spectrum. 16 sessions of remote long-wave ultraviolet therapy and 10 sessions of low level laser therapy were conducted directly on the lesions. Considering the multidirectionality of the mechanisms of action of phototherapy and laser therapy, the procedures were carried out on different days or with many hours long intervals. Results. Combined use of the remote long-wave ultraviolet therapy and laser therapy led to a significant improvement by the 21st day of the treatment. No side effects were noticed during the treatment, tolerance of the sessions was good. Conclusion. Combined use of the remote long-wave ultraviolet therapy and low level laser therapy of infrared spectrum is effective in treatment of disseminated form of granuloma annulare.

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5

Leng, June, and Craig Olson. "Ultraviolet Disinfection for Small Treatment Plants." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2009, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 689–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864709793847753.

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6

Balchev, Ivaylo, Nikolai Minkovski, Krasimir Dimitrov, Maria Shipochka, and Robert Barbucha. "Ultraviolet laser treatment of titanium surface." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 682 (February 9, 2016): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/682/1/012033.

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7

Gu, Huang. "Ultraviolet treatment on high performance filaments." Materials & Design 26, no. 1 (February 2005): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2004.04.009.

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8

Lone, Imtiyaz Ahmad, Sajad Ahmad Sheikh, Reyaz Ahmad Unto, and Nusrat Shaheen. "Strategies in Pterygium Treatment." JMS SKIMS 17, no. 1 (June 24, 2014): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.33883/jms.v17i1.225.

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Pterygium is a conjunctival degenerative process characterized by a sheet of fibrovascular tissue encroaching upon the cornea within the inter-palpabral fissure, almost invariably on the nasal side. Excessive exposure to ultraviolet sunlight is the most common predisposing factor. Ultraviolet light induced damage to limbal stem cell barrier with subsequent conjunctivilization of the cornea is the current accepted etiology. Other agents that give rise to chronic irritation of the conjunctiva such as air pollution, dust and wind have also been found as determining factors [1]. JMS 2014;17(1):4-5

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9

Batchelor, Jonathan M., Adam Millington, Kim S. Thomas, Perways Akram, Jaskiran Azad, Anthony Bewley, Joanne R. Chalmers, et al. "Home-based narrowband UVB, topical corticosteroid or combination for children and adults with vitiligo: HI-Light Vitiligo three-arm RCT." Health Technology Assessment 24, no. 64 (November 2020): 1–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta24640.

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Background Systematic reviews suggest that narrowband ultraviolet B light combined with treatments such as topical corticosteroids may be more effective than monotherapy for vitiligo. Objective To explore the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of topical corticosteroid monotherapy compared with (1) hand-held narrowband ultraviolet B light monotherapy and (2) hand-held narrowband ultraviolet B light/topical corticosteroid combination treatment for localised vitiligo. Design Pragmatic, three-arm, randomised controlled trial with 9 months of treatment and a 12-month follow-up. Setting Sixteen UK hospitals – participants were recruited from primary and secondary care and the community. Participants Adults and children (aged ≥ 5 years) with active non-segmental vitiligo affecting ≤ 10% of their body area. Interventions Topical corticosteroids [mometasone furoate 0.1% (Elocon®, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA) plus dummy narrowband ultraviolet B light]; narrowband ultraviolet B light (narrowband ultraviolet B light plus placebo topical corticosteroids); or combination (topical corticosteroids plus narrowband ultraviolet B light). Topical corticosteroids were applied once daily on alternate weeks and narrowband ultraviolet B light was administered every other day in escalating doses, with a dose adjustment for erythema. All treatments were home based. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was self-assessed treatment success for a chosen target patch after 9 months of treatment (‘a lot less noticeable’ or ‘no longer noticeable’ on the Vitiligo Noticeability Scale). Secondary outcomes included blinded assessment of primary outcome and percentage repigmentation, onset and maintenance of treatment response, quality of life, side effects, treatment burden and cost-effectiveness (cost per additional successful treatment). Results In total, 517 participants were randomised (adults, n = 398; and children, n = 119; 52% male; 57% paler skin types I–III, 43% darker skin types IV–VI). At the end of 9 months of treatment, 370 (72%) participants provided primary outcome data. The median percentage of narrowband ultraviolet B light treatment-days (actual/allocated) was 81% for topical corticosteroids, 77% for narrowband ultraviolet B light and 74% for combination groups; and for ointment was 79% for topical corticosteroids, 83% for narrowband ultraviolet B light and 77% for combination. Target patch location was head and neck (31%), hands and feet (32%), and rest of the body (37%). Target patch treatment ‘success’ was 20 out of 119 (17%) for topical corticosteroids, 27 out of 123 (22%) for narrowband ultraviolet B light and 34 out of 128 (27%) for combination. Combination treatment was superior to topical corticosteroids (adjusted risk difference 10.9%, 95% confidence interval 1.0% to 20.9%; p = 0.032; number needed to treat = 10). Narrowband ultraviolet B light was not superior to topical corticosteroids (adjusted risk difference 5.2%, 95% confidence interval –4.4% to 14.9%; p = 0.290; number needed to treat = 19). The secondary outcomes supported the primary analysis. Quality of life did not differ between the groups. Participants who adhered to the interventions for > 75% of the expected treatment protocol were more likely to achieve treatment success. Over 40% of participants had lost treatment response after 1 year with no treatment. Grade 3 or 4 erythema was experienced by 62 participants (12%) (three of whom were using the dummy) and transient skin thinning by 13 participants (2.5%) (two of whom were using the placebo). We observed no serious adverse treatment effects. For combination treatment compared with topical corticosteroids, the unadjusted incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was £2328.56 (adjusted £1932) per additional successful treatment (from an NHS perspective). Limitations Relatively high loss to follow-up limits the interpretation of the trial findings, especially during the post-intervention follow-up phase. Conclusion Hand-held narrowband ultraviolet B light plus topical corticosteroid combination treatment is superior to topical corticosteroids alone for treatment of localised vitiligo. Combination treatment was relatively safe and well tolerated, but was effective in around one-quarter of participants only. Whether or not combination treatment is cost-effective depends on how much decision-makers are willing to pay for the benefits observed. Future work Development and testing of new vitiligo treatments with a greater treatment response and longer-lasting effects are needed. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN17160087. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 24, No. 64. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

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10

Jin, Xin, Zi Fu Li, Xin Zhao, Lan Lan Xie, and Ting Ting Wang. "Effect of Ultrasound Pre-Treatment on Ultraviolet Disinfection in Controlling Bacterial Photoreactivation." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 2369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.2369.

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The main objective of the study is to explore how ultrasonic work with ultraviolet, in an attempt to find out the synergistic effect in controlling the phenomenon of microbial photoreactivation, as well as to analyse the feasibility of synergistic disinfection and related theories. Two different frequencies of ultrasonic transducers (28/40kHz)were used in combination with ultraviolet for secondary effluent disinfection. By controlling the process parameters that may contribute to the efficiency of synergistic disinfection, such as different reaction time, respective ultrasonic and ultraviolet dose. The results show that the synergistic disinfection of ultrasonic and ultraviolet can inhibit such a phenomenon, while maintaining continuous disinfection ability of ultraviolet. Ultrasonic has great potential in enhancing continuous sterilization abilities of ultraviolet. Synergistic disinfection has great advantages compared with other disinfection technologies and has a promising prospect in future use.

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11

Maarschalkerweerd, Jan, Rory Murphy, and Gail Sakamoto. "Ultraviolet Disinfection in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 7-8 (July 1, 1990): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0240.

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Pilot and full-scale studies of UV disinfection of wastewater have demonstrated that the process could consistently meet an effluent fecal coliform standard of 200/100 mL or less, depending on suspended solids and UV transmission. Since 1984 over three hundred systems have been installed at municipal wastewater treatment plants in North America. The majority of these are in treatment plants which have been using chlorination. The UV systems have been retrofitted into the existing chlorine contact tanks or existing channels. The capital costs of retrofitting compare favourably to the costs of upgrading chlorination systems, especially when de-chlorination equipment is required. As experience is gained in the operation of these UV systems, their performance has been monitored for their disinfection efficiency and cost of operation. Several installations are examined and their performance and costs analyzed. The evidence to date supports the premise that UV disinfection can meet demands for reliable effluent disinfection in a cost effective manner.

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12

Nyer, Evan K., and Paul Bitter. "Evaluation of Ultraviolet (UV)-Oxidation Treatment Methods." Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation 11, no. 1 (February 1991): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1991.tb00353.x.

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13

Graefe, T., H. Konrad, U. Barta, U. Wollina, and P. Elsner. "Successful ultraviolet A1 treatment of cutaneous sarcoidosis." British Journal of Dermatology 145, no. 2 (August 2001): 354–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04356.x.

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14

Chen, Hai, Tao Yang, Guo Chao Li, and Ke Cheng Hu. "A Coupling Process of Precoating Dynamic Membrane with Photocatalysis for Treatment of Oily Wastewater." Advanced Materials Research 1004-1005 (August 2014): 957–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1004-1005.957.

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In order to improve the steady permeate fluxes during the emulsified oil wastewater treatment using precoated dynamic membrane, a coupling process of precoating dynamic membrane with ultraviolet photocatalysis was studied. Impacts of the ultraviolet light power, pH values and the oil concentrations on improvement of the steady permeate fluxes were investigated. The results showed that the ultraviolet photocatalysis effectively improved the steady permeate fluxes and reduced the membrane fouling resistances during the emulsified oil wastewater treatment. The dynamic membrane steady membrane fluxes increased with the rise of ultraviolet light power and decrease in liquid pH values and oil concentrations. Impact of the ultraviolet photocatalysis on the oil retention ratio of precoating dynamic membrane was not obvious.

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15

Rattanakaemakorn, Ploysyne, Monthanat Ploydaeng, Siriorn Udompanich, Kunlawat Thadanipon, Suthinee Rutnin, and Natta Rajatanavin. "Phototherapy as a treatment of early-stage mycosis fungoides and predictive factors for disease recurrence: A 17-year retrospective study." Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology 87 (April 1, 2021): 645–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ijdvl_555_19.

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Background: Mycosis fungoides is the most common form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Narrowband ultraviolet B and psoralen and ultraviolet A are effective treatment options, but studies of their treatment efficacy and disease relapse remain limited. Objectives: This study aimed (1) to determine the efficacy of narrowband ultraviolet B and psoralen and ultraviolet A as a treatment for early-stage mycosis fungoides and explore the predictive factors for complete remission and (2) to determine the relapse rate and analyze their predictive factors, including the utility of maintenance therapy. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study consisting of 61 patients with early-stage mycosis fungoides (IA - IB) treated with narrowband ultraviolet B or psoralen and ultraviolet A as the first-line therapy from January 2002 to December 2018 at the Division of Dermatology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. Cox regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier survival curve were performed for the main outcomes. Results: A complete remission was achieved by 57 (93.5%) patients. The median time to remission was 7.80 ± 0.27 months. Types of phototherapy (narrowband ultraviolet B or psoralen and ultraviolet A), age and gender did not associate with time to remission, while the presence of poikiloderma and higher disease stage led to a longer time to remission. The cumulative incidence of relapse was 50.8%. The median time to relapse was 24.78 ± 5.48 months. In patients receiving phototherapy during the maintenance period, a treatment duration longer than six months was associated with a significantly longer relapse-free interval. Conclusion: Narrow-band-ultraviolet B and psoralen and ultraviolet A are effective treatment options for early-stage mycosis fungoides. Maintenance treatment by phototherapy for at least six months seems to prolong remission.

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16

Qin, Ping Li, Guo Jia Fang, Qin He, Wei Jun Ke, Hong Wei Lei, Qin Liu, Guang Yang, and Xing Zhong Zhao. "Eliminated the Internal Stress in Molybdenum Oxides by Ultraviolet-Ozone Treatment and its Application to Organic Solar Cell." Materials Science Forum 847 (March 2016): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.847.109.

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A simple and efficient method has been developed to eliminate the internal stress in molybdenum oxides by an ultraviolet ozone treatment. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy indicate that oxygen vacancy was a determining factor of the compressive stress in MoO3, which can be released by ultraviolet ozone treatment. Based on this hole-transporting layer, the photovoltaic power conversion efficiency up to 3.91% was achieved, which is 22% higher than that without ultraviolet ozone treatment. And ultraviolet ozone treatment on MoO3 is a useful method to embellish the interface to enhance the ability of collecting hole of hole-transporting layer to improve the performance of OSC with MoO3 film as hole-transporting layer.

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17

VOLOZHANINOV, SERGEY S. "APPLICATION OF PHYSICAL TREATMENT METHODS FOR SOIL DISINFECTION." Agricultural engineering, no. 6 (2022): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2687-1149-2022-6-32-37.

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To reduce the chemical load on the soil, plants and fruits, it is important to use alternative methods of soil and plant cultivation, which include irradiation with non-ionizing radiation. To establish the range of technological parameters and operating modes of the developed machines for tillage with non-ionizing radiation, the authors developed a technique and an experimental installation capable of providing infrared and ultraviolet radiation. To study the soil intended for use as protected greenhouse ground, standard methods for determining the physical, microbiological, and qualitative properties of the soil were applied. In the course of research, fi ve modes of soil cultivation were implemented: infrared radiation for three hours with and without the mechanical mixing of the soil; ultraviolet radiation for one hour; exposure for one hour to one infrared and one ultraviolet emitters with the mechanical mixing of the soil; processing for one hour with three infrared emitters and one ultraviolet with the mechanical mixing of the soil. Microbiological studies of the soil treated at the experimental unit were carried out within one hour after the selection of the material according to the presented method. It has been experimentally established that, depending on the modes of soil cultivation, the number of microorganisms decreases by 14…98%. The combination of infrared and ultraviolet radiation with a simultaneous threefold increase in the thermal power of radiation for one hour helps to reduce the number of microorganisms up to 98%. The decrease in the content of microorganisms in the soil due to non-ionizing radiation is the fi rst step to establish the design and technological parameters and operating modes of the developed machines used for tillage in protected greenhouse conditions.

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18

Parsad, D., AJ Kanwar, and B. Kumar. "Psoralen-ultraviolet A vs. narrow-band ultraviolet B phototherapy for the treatment of vitiligo." Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 20, no. 2 (February 2006): 175–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2006.01413.x.

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19

Romanenko, О., Т. Tkachuk, and B. Blyshchyk. "Ultraviolet radiation treatment of the drug «KENO CID 210»." Energy and Automation, no. 4 (September 23, 2020): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/energiya2020.04.116.

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The effectiveness of the process of photoactivation of aqueous solutions has been proven by studies conducted in the article. As a method of exposure, UV radiation is low-cost and natural, so there is a need to study the effect of ultraviolet radiation on aqueous disinfectant solutions and to determine effective methods of irradiation. Accordingly, there is a need to investigate the effect of UV radiation on disinfectants, in particular on their antimicrobial properties and to determine the effective effect of ultraviolet radiation on the tool. The high pressure mercury arc lamp DRT-400 lamp was used as a source of ultraviolet radiation. The surface of the aqueous solution was at a distance of 0.25 m under a source of UV radiation. The photoactivated liquid was applied to the agar medium immediately after inoculation of bacteria. The growth of colonies of microorganisms was recorded 24 hours after application of the treated disinfectant solution. At the Department of Electrical Engineering, Electromechanics and Electrical Technologies of NULES of Ukraine measurements of pH, redox potential of disinfectant solutions immediately after irradiation were carried out. Graphical dependences of changes of disinfecting properties are received. It is established that ultraviolet radiation significantly changes the pH and redox potential of aqueous solutions of disinfectants. The intensity of the parameter change is characteristic of ultraviolet radiation at an exposure of 5-15 minutes. Irradiation of сoncentrated disinfectant based on quaternary ammonium and glutaraldehyde «Keno Cid 210» solution for 5 minutes effectively inhibits the growth properties of microorganisms. The concentration of the irradiated aqueous disinfectant solution can be 5 times lower than the concentration of the non-irradiated.

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20

Kondratenko, Vladimir, Natalia Posokina, Natalia Fedyanina, Olga Karastoyanova, and Nadezhda Korovkina. "Quality Indicators of Agaricus bisporus after Ultraviolet Treatment." Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 52, no. 4 (December 21, 2022): 762–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2022-4-2404.

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Ultraviolet treatment increases the shelf life of plant products. It inhibits the changes in the quality indicators of raw materials that are responsible for storage capacity. The research objective was to establish qualitative indicators for champignons (Agaricus bisporus) after ultraviolet treatment. Fresh champignons were placed in plastic trays and sealed in plastic bags. The samples were treated with ultraviolet radiation in ranges A, B, and C. After that, they were stored in a refrigerator at 4 ± 2°C for 16 days, i.e., until the end of storage period. The quality indicators underwent a paired two-sample test, which defined the equality/inequality of variances in replicates and equality/inequality of means at a given error probability (α). The obtained indicators characterized the degradation of mushroom plant tissue after ultraviolet treatment during storage: texture, moisture content, weight loss, soluble solids, pH, lightness, and color. The authors developed a new approach to determine significant changes in the quality indicators and estimated probability values. For each range, they established the most effective dose at α = 0.05 and 0.1. All the indicators proved significant for range A samples at 327.8–800.0 J/m2 and α = 0.05; all indicators were significant except weight loss in the range from 219.5 to 800.0 J/m2 at α = 0.1. For range B samples, pH, color, and lightness were significant at 104.6–200.0 J/m2 and α = 0.05; all but mass loss and texture were significant at 172.2–200.0 J/m2 and α = 0.1. For range C samples, pH, color, and lightness were significant at 412.4–439.5 J/m2 and 755.9–800.0 J/m2 at α = 0.05; all indicators were significant at 363.3–486.2 J/m2 and 728.2–800.0 J/m2 at α = 0.1. The new analytical method made it possible to determine the ranges of external effect intensity, in which the changes in the indicator were significant or insignificant.

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21

Campbell, Joanna. "Safe and effective use of phototherapy and photochemotherapy in the treatment of psoriasis." British Journal of Nursing 29, no. 10 (May 28, 2020): 547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2020.29.10.547.

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Psoriasis is a chronic, multisystem inflammatory disease, predominantly affecting the skin and joints, which is present in 2−3% of the world's population. Narrow band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) and Psoralen + ultraviolet A (PUVA) are recognised, effective and, in the case of UVB, economical second-line treatments for psoriasis where topical therapies fail to control the disease or are an impracticable option due to the extent of skin involvement. This article examines the history of phototherapy and photochemotherapy and looks at current phototherapy treatments used for psoriasis. It discusses side effects of treatment and regimens that can be followed to increase effectiveness of treatment and minimise risks. The role of the nurse phototherapist is also discussed.

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22

Argyraki, Aikaterini, Merete Markvart, Lars Bjørndal, Thomas Bjarnsholt, and Paul Michael Petersen. "Inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm after ultraviolet light-emitting diode treatment: a comparative study between ultraviolet C and ultraviolet B." Journal of Biomedical Optics 22, no. 6 (June 24, 2017): 065004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jbo.22.6.065004.

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23

MAQBOOL, MUHAMMAD, and IFTIKHAR AHMAD. "LIMITATIONS OF GADOLINIUM ALLOYS IN CANCER TREATMENT AND RADIATION SHIELDING." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 06, no. 03 (September 2006): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519406001960.

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Characteristic emission from gadolinium-doped amorphous aluminum nitride thin films deposited on Si (111) substrate are studied, with cathodoluminescence and photoluminescence, for their suitability as tissue compensators in radiation treatment planning. These films are deposited by reactive sputtering at liquid nitrogen temperature, using 100–200 W rf power, 5–8 mTorr nitrogen, and a metal target of aluminum and gadolinium. Thermal annealing was performed at a temperature of 900°C. A sharp ultraviolet peak is observed at 314 nm, corresponding to 6 P 7/2 → 8 S 7/2 transition. The ultraviolet emission is intense enough to harm human tissues if it is used as a tissue compensator. Thermal annealing further enhances the intensity of ultraviolet emission, indicating that its longer use as tissue compensator will provide more harm and damage to the human body.

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24

Green, C., B. L. Diffey, and J. L. M. Hawk. "Ultraviolet radiation in the treatment of skin disease." Physics in Medicine and Biology 37, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/37/1/001.

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25

Parsad, Davinder, Abha Bhatnagar, and Dipankar De. "Narrowband ultraviolet B for the treatment of vitiligo." Expert Review of Dermatology 5, no. 4 (August 2010): 445–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/edm.10.34.

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26

Dawe, Robert S. "Comparing narrowband ultraviolet B treatment regimens for psoriasis." British Journal of Dermatology 161, no. 6 (December 2009): 1215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09394.x.

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27

Kaptanoglu, AF, and T. Oskay. "Ultraviolet B treatment for pruritus in Hodgkin's lymphoma." Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 17, no. 4 (July 2003): 489–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-3083.2003.00614_15.x.

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28

Lamy, Ricardo, Elliot Chan, Samuel D. Good, Vicky Cevallos, Travis C. Porco, and Jay M. Stewart. "Riboflavin and ultraviolet A as adjuvant treatment againstAcanthamoebacysts." Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology 44, no. 3 (February 23, 2016): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ceo.12644.

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29

Ortel, Bernhard, Adrian Tanew, and Herbert Hönigsmann. "Treatment of vitiligo with khellin and ultraviolet A." Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 18, no. 4 (April 1988): 693–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0190-9622(88)70092-4.

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30

Martínez, L. F., M. M. Mahamud, A. G. Lavín, and J. L. Bueno. "Evolution of phytoplankton cultures after ultraviolet light treatment." Marine Pollution Bulletin 64, no. 3 (March 2012): 556–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.12.021.

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31

Asawanonda, P., B. Ortel, and C. R. Taylor. "Temperatures reached inside stand-up ultraviolet treatment boxes." Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine 15, no. 5 (October 1999): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0781.1999.tb00081.x.

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32

Turtoi, M., and D. Borda. "Decontamination of egg shells using ultraviolet light treatment." World's Poultry Science Journal 70, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 265–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043933914000282.

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33

Rudra, Anjana, Neeta P. Thacker, and Sunil P. Pande. "Hydrogen Peroxide and Ultraviolet Irradiations in Water Treatment." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 109, no. 1-3 (October 2005): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-6372-0.

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34

Viallet, Benoı̂t, Emmanuelle Daran, and Laurent Malaquin. "Effects of ultraviolet/ozone treatment on benzocyclobutene films." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 21, no. 3 (May 2003): 766–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.1570836.

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35

Das, Tapas K. "Ultraviolet disinfection application to a wastewater treatment plant." Clean Products and Processes 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2001): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100980100108.

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Zhilova, M. B., and V. V. Chikin. "Clinical efficacy of the rotation of phototherapy methods (PUVA therapy and mid-wavelength ultraviolet therapy (311 nm)) in patients with moderate to severe forms of psoriasis." Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii 91, no. 1 (February 24, 2015): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25208/0042-4609-2015-91-1-67-75.

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Goal. To assess the therapeutic efficacy of the rotation of mid-wavelength ultraviolet therapy (311 nm) and PUVA therapy in patients with moderate to severe forms of psoriasis, and to assess the efficacy of mid-wavelength ultraviolet therapy (311 nm) in a multiple-course therapy. Materials and methods. The study involved 66 patients with moderate to severe forms of psoriasis who received multiple courses of treatment by methods of the PUVA therapy and narrowband mid-wavelength phototherapy (311 nm). The patients were divided into three groups: Group 1 (n = 20) - patients who received treatment in the form of mid-wavelength ultraviolet therapy (311 nm) after multiple courses of PUVA therapy; Group 2 (n = 26) - patients who received only multiple courses of PUVA therapy; Group 3 (n = 20) - patients who received only multiple courses of mid-wavelength ultraviolet therapy (311 nm). Results. The authors determined high efficacy (82.8%) of mid-wavelength ultraviolet therapy (311 nm) in patients with moderate to severe forms of psoriasis vulgaris who had previously received multiple courses of PUVA therapy. After multiple courses of long-term treatment by mid-wavelength ultraviolet therapy (311 nm), patients with moderate to severe forms of psoriasis had high efficacy of such multiple courses of treatment (85.78%). Conclusion. Patients with moderate to severe forms of psoriasis who had previously received multiple courses of PUVA therapy can be switched to mid-wavelength ultraviolet therapy (311 nm) with the maintenance of high efficacy of such treatment. The authors observed the absence of any adaptation to the spectral range of mid-wavelength ultraviolet therapy (311 nm) in case of multiple courses of treatment.

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Hernández-Carranza, Paola, Arely Peralta-Pérez, Raúl Avila-Sosa, Irving Israel Ruiz-López, Alfredo C. Benitez-Rojas, and Carlos Enrique Ochoa-Velasco. "Effect of ultraviolet-C light and mild thermal treatment on the storage life of orange juice." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 39, No. 2 (April 29, 2021): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/21/2020-cjfs.

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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of low-dosage treatment with ultraviolet-C light (19.75 J L<sup>–1</sup> for 5 min), mild thermal treatment (40 °C for 5 min), or their combination on the native microflora (mesophiles and moulds plus yeast) and consumer acceptance of orange juice at the beginning and after storage (5 or 22 °C). Results indicated that UV-C light and mild thermal treatments reduce 0.19 ± 0.03 and 0.25 ± 0.02 log cycles (both kinds of microorganisms), respectively. The combination of treatments displays an additive effect against mesophiles (0.47 ± 0.01 log) and moulds plus yeasts (0.42 ± 0.02 log). After 9 days of storage at 5 °C, combined treatment did not present any microbial increases (P > 0.05), while consumer acceptance was similar (P > 0.05) to the fresh orange juice. Although several studies about the use of hurdle technology using UV-C light in orange juice have to be conducted, the results obtained in this study are promising, and they can be used for further studies.

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Karigidi, Kayode Olayele, and Olufunke Omowunmi Adebogun. "Enhancement of polyphenols and antioxidant and inhibitory properties of Corchorus olitorius and Amaranthus hybridus leaves by the Ultraviolet-C treatment." Croatian journal of food science and technology 12, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17508/cjfst.2020.12.2.08.

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The effect of the postharvest (Ultraviolet-C) treatment on total phenolics, total flavonoids, total antioxidant capacity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity(DPPH),and reducing power of Corchorus olitorius(CO) and Amaranthus hybridus(AH)was investigated. Their abilities to inhibit induced lipid peroxidation, α-amylase,and α-glucosidase after the ultraviolet-C treatment were also evaluated. The leaves were exposed to ultraviolet-C radiation for 10 min. Total phenolics, total flavonoids, total antioxidant capacity, DPPH scavenging ability,and reducing power were significantly (p < 0.05) increased after the ultraviolet-C treatment. Also,their abilities to inhibit SNP-induced lipid peroxidation, α-amylase and α-glucosidase were also enhanced significantly (p < 0.05). Therefore,apart from using ultraviolet-C radiation in water purification, it can be used to enhance health-promoting components in fruit and vegetables.

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Karigidi, Kayode Olayele, and Olufunke Omowunmi Adebogun. "Enhancement of polyphenols and antioxidant and inhibitory properties of Corchorus olitorius and Amaranthus hybridus leaves by the Ultraviolet-C treatment." Croatian journal of food science and technology 12, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17508/cjfst.2020.12.2.08.

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The effect of the postharvest (Ultraviolet-C) treatment on total phenolics, total flavonoids, total antioxidant capacity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity(DPPH),and reducing power of Corchorus olitorius(CO) and Amaranthus hybridus(AH)was investigated. Their abilities to inhibit induced lipid peroxidation, α-amylase,and α-glucosidase after the ultraviolet-C treatment were also evaluated. The leaves were exposed to ultraviolet-C radiation for 10 min. Total phenolics, total flavonoids, total antioxidant capacity, DPPH scavenging ability,and reducing power were significantly (p < 0.05) increased after the ultraviolet-C treatment. Also,their abilities to inhibit SNP-induced lipid peroxidation, α-amylase and α-glucosidase were also enhanced significantly (p < 0.05). Therefore,apart from using ultraviolet-C radiation in water purification, it can be used to enhance health-promoting components in fruit and vegetables.

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Mulyana, Yana, Mutsunori Uenuma, Yasuaki Ishikawa, and Yukiharu Uraoka. "Reversible Oxidation of Graphene Through Ultraviolet/Ozone Treatment and Its Nonthermal Reduction through Ultraviolet Irradiation." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 118, no. 47 (November 14, 2014): 27372–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp508026g.

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Efimenko, Kirill, William E. Wallace, and Jan Genzer. "Surface Modification of Sylgard-184 Poly(dimethyl siloxane) Networks by Ultraviolet and Ultraviolet/Ozone Treatment." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 254, no. 2 (October 2002): 306–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2002.8594.

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Shehadeh, Mohammad M., Mohammad T. Akkawi, Vasilios F. Diakonis, Ammar A. Aghbar, and Abdelraheem Abu Shanab. "Extensive Corneal Neovascularisation Treatment by Ultraviolet Corneal Collagen Crosslinking." European Ophthalmic Review 11, no. 01 (2017): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/eor.2017.11.01.62.

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The purpose of this article is to report a case of extensive corneal neovascularisation that was treated by ultraviolet corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL). The case report is about a 24-year-old man who was referred to the cornea clinic with a case of keratitis. He was treated with topical antibiotics. After full resolution of keratitis, his condition was complicated by extensive corneal neovascularisation. A trial of photochemical corneal collagen CXL with riboflavin/ultraviolet A resulted in a dramatic improvement and resolution of the corneal neovascularisation. Thus, we can conclude that corneal collagen CXL could be a promising procedure to treat certain cases of extensive corneal neovascularisation.

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Xu, Qiang. "Time Effect of Vacuum Treatment on Activity Index of Horseradish Peroxidase." Advanced Materials Research 503-504 (April 2012): 1225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.503-504.1225.

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The time effects of different vacuum treatment on the activity index (RZ=A403/A280) of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was investigated experimentally via the ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic techniques. The results have shown that Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectra have been changed obviously. Experimental results indicate that the conformation of HRP can be changed by vacuum. The activity index decrease possibly was caused by the conformation variations of HRP.

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Demirci, A., and L. Panico. "Pulsed Ultraviolet Light." Food Science and Technology International 14, no. 5 (October 2008): 443–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013208098816.

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Pulsed Ultraviolet (UV)-Light is an emerging processing technology, which has a potential to decontaminate food products. The light generated by pulsed UV lamps consists of a continuum broadband spectrum from deep UV to the infrared, especially rich in UV range below 400 nm, which is germicidal. In pulsed UV-light system, UV-light is pulsed several times per second and each pulse lasts between 100 ns and 2ms. The pulsed UV-light has a modest energy input which can yield high peak power dissipation. Many researchers have demonstrated the effectiveness of pulsed UV-light on microbial loads on food surfaces. In this paper, various applications of pulsed UV-light treatment of foods found in the literature as well as future research needs will be discussed.

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Tajima, Naoki, Masao Kon, Takehiko Muramatsu, Atsushi Ohara,, Katsushi Nishizawa, and Atsuo Watanabe. "Waste Treatment Technologies. Treatment of PCB by Using The Ultraviolet/Catalyst Method." KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU 28, no. 5 (2002): 545–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/kakoronbunshu.28.545.

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Keen, Olya S. "Characterisation of ultraviolet-absorbing recalcitrant organics in landfill leachate for treatment process optimisation." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 35, no. 3 (November 24, 2016): 325–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x16678065.

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Organics in leachate from municipal solid waste landfills are notoriously difficult to treat by biological processes. These organics have high ultraviolet absorbance and can interfere with the ultraviolet disinfection process at the wastewater treatment plant that receives leachate if the leachate flow contribution is large enough. With more wastewater treatment plants switching to ultraviolet disinfection, landfills face increased pressure to treat leachate further. This study used size exclusion chromatography, fluorescence spectroscopy and ultraviolet/Vis spectrophotometry to characterise the bulk organic matter in raw landfill leachate and the biorecalcitrant organic matter in biologically treated leachate from the same site. The results indicate that biorecalcitrant organics have the polyphenolic absorbance peak at 280 nm, fluorescence peak at 280 nm excitation and 315 nm emission, and molecular size range of 1000–7000 Da, all of which are consistent with lignin. The lignin-like nature of biorecalcitrant leachate organics is supported by the fact that 30%–50% of municipal solid waste consists of plant debris and paper products. These findings shed light on the nature of biorecalcitrant organics in leachate and will be useful for the design of leachate treatment processes and further research on leachate treatment methods.

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Szepietowski, J. C., A. Morita, and T. Tsuji. "Ultraviolet B induces mast cell apoptosis: a hypothetical mechanism of ultraviolet B treatment for uraemic pruritus." Medical Hypotheses 58, no. 2 (February 2002): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/mehy.2001.1505.

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El Mofty, M., M. Bosseila, H. M. Mashaly, H. Gawdat, and H. Makaly. "Broadband ultraviolet A vs. psoralen ultraviolet A in the treatment of vitiligo: a randomized controlled trial." Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 38, no. 8 (April 3, 2013): 830–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ced.12099.

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Deutschlander, Mark E., Danielle K. Greaves, Theodore J. Haimberger, and Craig W. Hawryshyn. "Functional mapping of ultraviolet photosensitivity during metamorphic transitions in a salmonid fish, Oncorhynchus mykiss." Journal of Experimental Biology 204, no. 14 (July 15, 2001): 2401–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.14.2401.

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SUMMARY Ultraviolet visual sensitivity appears to be reduced and, possibly, lost during smoltification in anadromous populations of salmonid fishes. Similar changes occur in non-anadromous salmonids over a mass range that is associated with smoltification in their anadromous conspecifics. However, in sexually mature adult salmonids, ultraviolet-sensitive cones are present in the dorso-temporal retina, suggesting that ultraviolet sensitivity (i) may be regained with sexual maturity or (ii) might never be completely lost. Both smoltification and the transition to sexual maturity are regulated, in part, by the hormone thyroxine. Thyroxine treatment of juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss results in precocial developmental changes that mimic smoltification, including a reduction of ultraviolet sensitivity. However, whether loss of ultraviolet sensitivity in O. mykiss or in other species of salmonids is complete during normal development (or in response to thyroxine treatment) is unclear. In the present study, we have ‘mapped’ topographically ultraviolet photosensitivity during natural and hormone-induced smoltification. Thyroxine-treated O. mykiss juveniles and anadromous steelhead O. mykiss smolts were examined for ultraviolet visual sensitivity by recording compound action potentials from the optic nerve. By selectively illuminating either the dorsal or the ventral retina, we have shown that the reduction of ultraviolet sensitivity occurs primarily in the ventral retina in both groups of fish. Ultraviolet sensitivity remains intact in the dorsal retina.

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Knuutinen, Aarne Oikarinen, Anina. "Ultraviolet A Sunbed Used for the Treatment of Scleroderma." Acta Dermato-Venereologica 81, no. 6 (December 1, 2001): 432–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/000155501317208426.

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