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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Umatilla'
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1
Hughes, Michael L. "Channel change of the upper Umatilla River during and between flood periods : variability and ecological implications." Thesis, Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1678703131&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2008.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-137). Also available online in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.
2
Shelley, Christopher Ward. "The Resurrection of a River: The Umatilla and its Salmon." PDXScholar, 2002. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3971.
Full textAbstract:
Until the 1990s, salmon had been extinct from the Umatilla River for over 70 years. The struggle to bring salmon back to this river is a compelling story that exemplifies some of the new relationships in Columbia River Basin salmon management.
The Umatilla River and the disappearance of its salmon was a local issue. Irrigation interests had used the river so thoroughly it ceased to flow during the late summer and fall months-precisely when salmon needed it for migration. The Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation saw decided that they would change that: they would figure out a way to put both salmon and water back into the river.
This thesis examines this process. First, it contextualizes the Umatilla River within the Columbia River Basin and Columbia Basin salmon management, and shows how a local salmon issue became a regional salmon issue. It then discusses the triangle of relationships that Indians, salmon, and hatcheries have come to form. Chapter III discusses the formation of the unique Umatilla Fish Restoration Program, which reintroduced fish into the river, and was paid for by the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), as per the Northwest Power Act. Key elements within BPA's Fish and Wildlife Division resisted complying with the directives of the Northwest Power Planning Council to pay for the Program, setting the Program back years. I argue that this comes from two clashing ways of seeing the River: "cost-benefit analysis" versus "least cost."
Chapter IV looks at the new partnerships formed in the Umatilla River Basin by the Tribes and irrigation districts in order to encourage the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation to construct a water delivery system that would satisfy irrigators while allowing most of the Umatilla to flow freely.
The last Chapter suggests that these new and somewhat ironic partnerships between federal and state governments, private irrigators and landowners, nongovernmental organizations, and Indian tribes are key to restoring ecosystems in the Columbia River Basin. It further argues that without tribal nations playing an active role and exerting their treaty rights, restoring rivers like the Umatilla is impossible.
3
Miller, Gary Kenneth. "A History of Transportation in Nineteenth Century Umatilla County, Oregon." PDXScholar, 1996. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5159.
Full textAbstract:
An examination of the history of transportation in Umatilla County, Oregon, will provide an understanding of its role in the colonization and economic development of this remote and arid reg10n. This study begins with a description of the movement of Umatilla, Walla Walla, and Cayuse Indians in the Umatilla Country to establish the patterns of transportation at the beginning of the nineteenth century. From this basis, significant changes in transportation technology and patterns of movement can be identified and analyzed. Primary sources are reviewed to establish existing routes and conditions of travel. Immigrant accounts and pioneer reminiscences reveal that difficulties with transportation were identified very early as the major obstacle to the development of an agriculture-based market economy. Umatilla County archives provide a clear record of the actions taken by the county government to lay out and maintain wagon roads. Three significant changes are identified in nineteenth century transportation in Umatilla County: introduction of the horse, introduction of wheeled vehicles, and the coming of steampowered vessels and trains. Each of these three developments were revolutionary, adding to the capacity and range of the existing transportation system. The sudden demands for transportation as a result of gold strikes east and south of Umatilla County created the need to expand the regional transportation system. That expanded system was then available to new settlers. As the dominant land use was transformed from livestock grazing to dryland wheat farming, the need for railroads, in addition to Columbia River steamboats, became clearly evident. Feeder roads remained very important, as did animal traction to pull the wagons to the warehouses and loading docks along the rail lines. The location of major routes of travel across the Umatilla Indian Reservation resulted in significant problems for the transportation system. The system to establish and maintain county roads, mandated by state law, involved direct participation of individuals residing adjacent to the roads. Throughout the nineteenth century, the patterns of movement remained remarkably unchanged. Based on ancient Indian trails, the transportation system was the crucial element m the economic development of Umatilla County.
4
Lozar, Patrick. ""An Anxious Desire of Self Preservation": Colonialism, Transition, and Identity on the Umatilla Indian Reservation, 1860-1910." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/13277.
Full textAbstract:
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the United States government, in its relations with Native Americans, implemented a policy of assimilation designed to detribalize Indian peoples and absorb them into the dominant society. Subjected to this colonial agenda, the Cayuse, Walla Walla, and Umatilla tribes of Oregon's Umatilla Indian Reservation, as a matter of survival, endeavored to maintain community cohesion and retain their indigenous identity. In this context, I argue that the tribes confronted federal initiatives with a strategy of adaptive resistance that allowed them to approach these onerous impositions on their own terms. This study examines their diverse responses to assimilation and colonialism, specifically accommodation, adaptation, and diplomacy. Employing the investigative frameworks of education, religion, and economics reveals the variety of tactics applied within these categories, which range from incorporation to evasion. Through these actions and reactions, the tribes reaffirmed their capacity to assert native agency.
5
Brown, Elizabeth Ann. "Rhyolite Petrogenesis at Tower Mountain Caldera, OR." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3997.
Full textAbstract:
Tower Mountain Caldera is the main feature of an Oligocene volcanic field located in the Umatilla National Forest, eastern Oregon. It is perfectly suited to investigate models of rhyolite petrogenesis as all of the important rock components for evaluating generation models are present in a single location and thus are presumably related; basalts, intermediate igneous rocks (which consist of older plutons and younger volcanic rocks, which are ~coeval with rhyolites), metamorphic basement rocks of significant grade, and rhyolites of varying composition. The formation of the caldera produced the Dale Tuff, which comprises the intra-caldera and outflow facies. 40Ar/39Ar dating places the age of the tuff at 32.66 ± 0.36 Ma. Post-caldera rhyolites erupted along apparent ring fractures and elsewhere. Radiometric U-Pb dating of zircons from three of these rhyolites yielded ages of 32.167 ± 0.020 Ma (#CH07a), 31.798 ± 0.012 Ma (#TM5), and 31.426 ± 0.016 Ma (#CH08a). All rhyolites at Tower Mountain range from low to high silica varieties. Some of the post-caldera rhyolites are chemically similar to the Dale Tuff, such as sample CH07a, and have compositions typical of rhyolites of calc-alkaline volcanic centers (I-type rhyolites), while others are similar to A-type rhyolites (CH08a and TM5). The ages indicate that the calc-alkaline rhyolites were followed by the A-type rhyolites. The petrogenetic relationships between the various rocks types were evaluated. Partial melt modeling based on experimental melts produced from crustal material indicates that batch partial melting of metamorphosed high silica crustal material modified by the addition of more primitive mafic material by assimilation/contamination is the most likely source for the Tower Mountain rhyolites.
6
Taylor, Cynthia H. "Evaluation of stream habitat enhancement projects in the Umatilla National Forest, northeast Oregon and southeast Washington /." view abstract or download file of text, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p1400408.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--University of Oregon, 2000.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 354-373). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
7
Truini, Margot. "The use of Hydrochemistry to Identify Potential Processes Operating in the Saddle Mountains Basalt Aquifer and the use of the Nitrate-nitrogen Isotope to Distinguish between Potential Sources of Nitrate to the Shallow Alluvial Aquifer in the Lower Umatilla Basin, Oregon." PDXScholar, 1996. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5206.
Full textAbstract:
Nitrate concentration in excess of national drinking-water standards (10 mg/l) are present in the shallow alluvial aquifer and Saddle Mountains Basalt (SMB) aquifer in the Lower Umatilla Basin, Oregon. To determine sources responsible for elevated nitrate concentrations in the SMB aquifer mass-balance and reaction-path models (NETPATH and PHREEQE) were used to understand observed geochemical trends. Nitrate-nitrogen isotopes were used to distinguish potential nitrate sources in the shallow alluvial aquifer. NETPATH-validated simple water/rock reactions in the SMB aquifers in Irrigon (dissolving glass, precipitating smectite, dissolving or precipitating calcite, and cation exchange) using constituents (calcium, magnesium, sodium and carbon). Diversity of composition for the shallow alluvial water and limited number of wells available made obtaining a mass balanced solution for the SMB aquifer near Boardman impossible. Irrigon basalt groundwaters were consistent with the PHREEQE models prediction of natural hydrochemical trends, where Boardman basalt groundwaters plotted consistently with impacted alluvial groundwater. Nitrogen-isotopic values of nitrate (o 15NNo3) were measured in the shallow alluvial groundwater from 17 wells in 4 land-use settings, 3 lysimeter samples and 1 surface water effluent sample. The landuse setting and corresponding average ranges for nitrate concentrations (as N) and 015NNo3 values for wells near: commercial fertilizer-irrigated fields range from 25-87 mg/l, +3.5 to +4.6 per mil; explosive washout lagoons ranged from 10-18 mg/l, +4.6 to +4.9 per mil; potato waste water application ranged from 6.4-17.8 mg/l, +4.4 to +35 per mil; past confined animal feeding operations (CAFO) ranged from 16-56 mg/l, +4.9 to 10.4 per mil; lysimeters 5.4-39.9 mg/l, +9.1 to +21.9 per mil; surface water effluent ranged from 60-61 mg/l, +3.5 to 6.5 per mil; and varying landuse ranged from 9.3-19.5 mg/l, +2.7 to +7.1 per mil. Commercial fertilizer 0 15NNo3 signatures are consistent for this source. Explosive 015NNa3 values are consistent with an atmospheric signature. CAFO o15NNo3 signatures probably result from mixing between currently applied commercial fertilizer and past CAFO's. High 015NNo3 Signatures (+22 to +35 per mil) imply denitrification. Potato waste water and varying land-use 015NNo3 signatures indicate probable mixing of nitratenitrogen sources in the groundwater.
8
Robertson, Rogue Elliott. "A comparative case study of newspaper coverage of the Umatilla Chemical Weapons Depot/Incinerator from 1994 to 1998." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/315.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this case study was to compare the news coverage of The Umatilla chemical weapons by examining newspapers from different communities: The Oregonian and The Hermiston Herald. The author examines solution frames, pluralistic frames, episodic frames, and thematic frames and compares them across two newspapers. The study found the difference was not significant when comparing the use of solution frames between The Hermiston Herald and The Oregonian. In addition, there was not a significant difference in use of pluralistic framing by The Hermiston Herald and The Oregonian. However, there was a significant difference in the sources presented in the newspaper articles. There was also a significant presence of episodic frames compared to thematic frames in both the newspapers under examination.
9
Yazzie, Kimberly Crystal. "Watershed Response to Climate Change and Fire-Burns in the Upper Umatilla River Basin Using the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System." PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3127.
Full textAbstract:
This study provides an analysis of watershed response to climate change and forest fire impacts, to better understand the hydrologic budget and inform water management decisions for present and future needs. The study site is 2,365 km2, located in the upper Umatilla River Basin (URB) in northeastern Oregon. The Precipitation Runoff Modeling System, a distributed-parameter, physical-process watershed model, was used in this study. Model calibration yielded a Nash Sutcliffe Model Efficiency of 0.73 for both calibration (1995-2010) and validation (2010-2014) of daily streamflow. Ten Global Climate Models using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 experiments with Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 and 8.5 (RCP), were used to observe hydrologic regime shifts in the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s. Mean center timing of flow occurs earlier in the year in both pre- and post-fire conditions, where there are increased winter flows and decreased summer flows throughout the 21st century. Change in temperature and percent change in precipitation is more variable in the summer than winter increasing over time, with a slight decrease in winter precipitation in the 2080s in RCP 8.5. Temperature increases 1.6°C in RCP 4.5 and 3.3°C in RCP 8.5 by the end of the 21st century. The ratio of Snow Water Equivalent to Precipitation decreases 96% in the 2080s in RCP 8.5 before forest cover reduction, and decreases 90-99% after forest cover reduction. Potential basin recharge and the base-flow index are both sustained throughout the 21st century with slight declines before forest cover reduction, with an increase in basin recharge and increase in base-flows in the 2080s after fire-burns. However, the simulated sustained base-flows and area-weighted basin recharge in this study, do not take into account the complex geologic structure of the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG). A more robust characterization and simulation of URB aquifer recharge would involve coupling the PRMS model with a groundwater model in a future study. Although groundwater recharge in the CRBG in the URB is not well understood, the long-term decline of groundwater storage presents a serious environmental challenge for the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation and communities in the URB.
10
Reservation, Confedered Tribes of the Umatilla Indian, Richard W. Stoffle, and Richard A. Arnold. "NEPA Analysis for CTUIR at Hanford." Department of Energy, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297133.
Full textAbstract:
The Greater than Class C (GTCC) Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) evaluated the potential impacts from the construction and operation of a new facility or facilities, or use of an existing facility, employing various disposal methods (geologic repository, intermediate depth borehole, enhanced near surface trench, and above grade vault) at six federal sites and generic commercial locations. For three of the locations being considered as possible locations, consulting tribes were brought in to comment on their perceptions on how GTCC low level radioactive waste would affect Native American resources (land, water, air, plants, animals, archaeology, etc.) short and long term. The consulting tribes produced essays that were incorporated into the EIS and these essays are in turn included in this collection. This essay was produced by the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation.
11
Stoffle, Richard W. "Greater Than Class C Environmental Impact Statement Presentation." Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology, University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297033.
Full textAbstract:
This presentation is a project overview and discussion of Native American participation in preparing documents for the Greater Than Class C Environmental Impact Statement. Tribal representatives were involved in the assessments at the Hanford Site, Nevada Test Site, and Los Alamos National Lab.
12
Haas, Gordon Robert. "The evolution through natural hybridizations of the Umatilla dace (Pisces : Rhinichthys umatilla) , and their associated ecology and systematics." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/14620.
Full textAbstract:
Umatilla dace (Rhinichthys umatilla Gilbert and Evermann 1894) are determined to be a
distinct species that has sympatrically speciated and evolved through ancient hybridizations
between leopard and speckled dace. Principal components, univariate, and allometric analyses
reveal three distinct morphotypes, with Umatilla dace intermediate and convergent. A field
identification key is developed. Their body morphologies remain largely consistent across
broad mutual ranges, and Umatilla dace are found in abundance and predominance in
allopatry, parapatry, and strict sympatry with either or both leopard and speckled dace. All
show reduction in their overall morphometric variability when in strict sympatric combinations.
Mitochondrial and two nuclear DNA (ITS and D3B) sequences provide consistent evidence of
the overall distinct identity, increased variability and past hybridization, and multiple hybrid
origins of Umatilla dace. Umatilla dace are composed of three main types each more closely
related to the leopard or speckled dace through their comparative nearby numerical dominance.
Laboratory crosses demonstrate morphologies remain distinctive when reared under identical
conditions. The two combinations of artificial hybrids of leopard and speckled dace strongly
resemble Umatilla dace, with Umatilla dace still remaining more derived. Second generation
artificial crosses demonstrate that Umatilla dace and both laboratory hybrids are viable with no
differential mortality. Each species is specialized to particular water flow regimes as determined
in the field and at spawning times in a laboratory flow tube using mature artificial crosses.
Umatilla dace are specialized to intermediate water flows, as are both laboratory hybrids. The
laboratory hybrids show a maternal relationship in their water flow tolerances that matches the
molecular genetic data. Umatilla dace are only found in the interior Columbia River drainage in
range overlap between leopard and speckled dace, and have an intermediate postglacial
northern recolonization pattern and distance. Their main distribution strongly coincides with
large Wisconsinan glacial lakes that existed in this area. The associated breakdown of water
flow regimes is hypothesized to have caused the past interbreeding of leopard and speckled
dace, with the difficult glacial / postglacial environment favouring their hybrids' increased
genetic and ecological variability. The dace genus has disproportionately higher hybridization,
as does its minnow Family Cyprinidae, particularly in western North America.
13
del, Nero Zachary Augustus. "Deep soil nitrogen survey, Lower Umatilla Basin, Oregon." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/35247.
Full textAbstract:
Soils of 49 agricultural and 2 "native condition" sites in the Lower Umatilla Basin,
Oregon were sampled for nitrate-nitrogen, ammonium-nitrogen, chloride, and pH
beginning in Fall of 1992. Several sites were sampled in Spring and Fall 1993 in order to
indicate movement or loss of residual soil nitrogen over time. This study was prompted
by current concern over contamination of public drinking water supplies by nitrate and the
designation of over 550 square miles of this region as a Ground Water Management Area.
This study sought to identify links between agricultural management practices-primarily
irrigation, fertilization, and crop rotation systems, and deep soil nitrate levels.
Soil profiles were divided into 3 "management zones:" 0-3', 3-6', and beyond 6' in depth.
These depths represent average rooting depths for the major agricultural crops of the
study area. In general, the effective rooting depth of most area-crops does not extend
beyond 6', therefore, it was determined that residual soil-nitrate found at this depth or
beyond may be a potential source of ground water contamination if not managed
correctly.
Results of the study indicate that proper management of irrigation, fertilization,
and cropping rotation can significantly reduce the potential for contaminating ground
water. Deep soil nitrate levels under most agricultural fields were consistent with the
concept that some loss of nitrate below the root zone is inevitable, however, this condition
can be minimized through intensive crop management.
This study concludes that responsible management of agriculture can minimize
impacts on ground water, while providing quality food and fiber products to an ever-growing
population. In addition, more research is needed in the area of crop physiology
and response to intensively managed systems. Such research may provide insight into
more efficient methods of crop production and environmental protection.Graduation date: 1995
14
Brunick, Robert L. "Clonal variation in Russet Norkotah and Umatilla Russet potato varieties." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/31048.
Full textAbstract:
These studies compared giant hill strains of Russet Norkotah and Umatilla
Russet to the parent varieties. Selections were initially based on late maturity and
increased vine vigor. Subsequent evaluations emphasized yield and quality
parameters in comparison to the parent varieties.
Giant hills were collected from the Columbia Basin and Central Oregon in
1999. Seed was tested and increased in a greenhouse during the winter of 1999 and
in the field in 2000. Clones were inspected for viruses and other diseases in both
years.
Replicated performance trials were conducted at the Hermiston Agricultural
Research and Extension Center in the Columbia Basin and at the Central Oregon
Agricultural Research Center, near Madras, in 2001. Trials were grown using
commercial management practices common to the areas. Tubers from the Madras
trial were retained for use in future plantings.
Relative yields of Russet Norkotah strains differed drastically between sites
even though the growing seasons were similar in length. Several Russet Norkotah
strains preformed better than the parent variety at Madras when the strains achieved
good vine growth and the parent variety did not. Vine growth was subnormal at
Madras in 2001 primarily due to delayed emergence and the subsequent short
growing season. Few performance differences and no advantages were evident when
Russet Norkotah strains were grown in the Columbia Basin under conditions with
less environmental stress than usual.
All strains of Umatilla Russet grown under a long season in the Columbia
Basin out-yielded the parent variety; however, many strains also produced a high
percentage of malformed tubers. In general, Umatilla Russet strains failed to
produce adequate yields and tubers of acceptable size when delayed emergence
shortened the growing season at Madras. At Madras, strains of Umatilla Russet with
high biomass tended to have lower yields while strains of Russet Norkotah with high
biomass tended to have high yields.
Some strains performed better than the parent varieties at the two trial sites.
Superior strains have been submitted to the Oregon Potato Variety Development
Program and Oregon Foundation Potato Seed Project for further evaluation.Graduation date: 2002
15
Mitchell, Thomas J. "An evaluation of well-water nitrate exposure and related health risks in the Lower Umatilla Basin of Oregon." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36348.
Full textAbstract:
Excessive nitrates in drinking water pose a human
health threat, especially to infants. Methemoglobinemia,
or blue-baby syndrome, is a potentially fatal condition
that inhibits the ability of red blood cells to bind and
transport oxygen. Nitrates/nitrites have also been linked
to such conditions as cancer, birth defects, and behavioral
and developmental abnormalities.
Nitrates are frequently found in wells in rural farming
areas because synthetic fertilizers (containing nitrates)
leach from the soil into the groundwater. The
Lower Umatilla Basin (LUB) in Morrow and Umatilla counties
of Oregon represents an intensively farmed and irrigated
area in which relatively high amounts of nitrates are present
in the groundwater and domestic well water.
This study investigated population demographics for
the rural Lower Umatilla Basin, comparing these data to
identified well-water nitrate levels for the purpose of
estimating nitrate exposures and potential risk of adverse
health effects in the survey area. Results of the investigation
revealed that 25 percent of the domestic-use wells
in the survey area had nitrate levels that were in excess
of the 10 ppm nN MCL for drinking water, as established by
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. From access to
these wells, 23 percent of the surveyed population was exposed
to nitrate concentrations in excess of the MCL standard.
However, resident infants were neither exposed to
well-water nitrates in excess of the standard, nor were
they exposed to illness that could have increased the risk
of methemoglobinemia.
The LUB survey population was generally older than the
populations from cities in the LUB or the combined populations
of rural areas of Morrow and Umatilla counties. The
population included few women of childbearing age, and it
was not subject to an appreciable increase in the proportion
of younger to older families. These factors reduced
the likelihood of a significant increase in the infant population,
which also minimized the risk of methemoglobinemia
to this population. Even though the risk of methemoglobinemia
to infants was low in the LUB area, it is recommended
that exposures to well-water nitrates be prevented, if possible
even for adults, to reduce the potential for chronic,
adverse health effects from excess nitrate ingestion.
Continued monitoring of private wells by state agencies
is recommended, with attention directed at domesticuse
wells with nitrate levels in excess of 10 ppm nN. This
information should be shared with local health departments
for follow-up, investigation, and educational efforts as
needed. Future studies by the Oregon DEQ, or other agencies
which seek to document the sources of well-water nitrate
contamination in the LUB, should include an investigation
of the influence of local sources of nitrate contamination.Graduation date: 1993