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Academic literature on the topic 'Umbrella policies'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Umbrella policies"

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Tubić, Svjetlana, and Jovan Miljković. "Harmonizacija politika obrazovanja odraslih u Bosni i Hercegovini." Obrazovanje odraslih/Adult Education, no. 1 2019 (2019): 15–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.53617/issn2744-2047.2019.19.1.15.

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Thanks to European integration, harmonization of policies, thus adult education policies as well, has become one of the inevitable andragogical topics. Due to its European commitment, but also because of its specific state organization, the process of harmonization of policies is of major scientific and practical importance for Bosnia and Herzegovina. the aim of the research, whose results we present here, is to determine whether and to what extent adult education policies in Bosnia and Herzegovina are harmonized. The results of the research, although generally indicating high level of harmonization, biasedly in some segments deviate from recommended umbrella document. The reasons for the identified discrepancies lie outside of adult education policy, in higher spheres of politics, and cannot be eliminated by applying solely educational intervention.

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Breuer, Michael. "Multiple Losses, EX ANTE Moral Hazard, and the Implications for Umbrella Policies." Journal of Risk Insurance 72, no. 4 (December 2005): 525–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6975.2005.00136.x.

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Taylor, Elliott. "Oil Spill Response Planning in Developing Countries." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2003, no. 1 (April 1, 2003): 497–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-497.

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ABSTRACT Standards adopted in North America, Europe, and by most major oil companies are being broadly applied to regions around the globe that have either not developed their own standards or have standards that allow for a broad range of interpretation. An umbrella plan allows a company or agency to document policies, overall response organization and operations, and regulatory compliance. The site-specific plans are the hands-on, operational guides to initial responders. The planning strategy of using combined umbrella plans and local area plans is now in use on projects in Africa, Russia, Middle East, and SE Asia. If applied consistently on a regional basis, the resulting plan framework can provide companies and governments with detailed tactical plans in many developing parts of the world.

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Powell, Warren. "Energy and Uncertainty: Models and Algorithms for Complex Energy Systems." AI Magazine 35, no. 3 (September 19, 2014): 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v35i3.2540.

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The problem of controlling energy systems (generation, transmission, storage, investment) introduces a number of optimization problems which need to be solved in the presence of different types of uncertainty. We highlight several of these applications, using a simple energy storage problem as a case application. Using this setting, we describe a modeling framework based around five fundamental dimensions which is more natural than the standard canonical form widely used in the reinforcement learning community. The framework focuses on finding the best policy, where we identify four fundamental classes of policies consisting of policy function approximations (PFAs), cost function approximations (CFAs), policies based on value function approximations (VFAs), and lookahead policies. This organization unifies a number of competing strategies under a common umbrella.

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Heger, Tina, Maud Bernard-Verdier, Arthur Gessler, Alex D. Greenwood, Hans-Peter Grossart, Monika Hilker, Silvia Keinath, et al. "Towards an Integrative, Eco-Evolutionary Understanding of Ecological Novelty: Studying and Communicating Interlinked Effects of Global Change." BioScience 69, no. 11 (September 18, 2019): 888–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biz095.

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Abstract Global change has complex eco-evolutionary consequences for organisms and ecosystems, but related concepts (e.g., novel ecosystems) do not cover their full range. Here we propose an umbrella concept of “ecological novelty” comprising (1) a site-specific and (2) an organism-centered, eco-evolutionary perspective. Under this umbrella, complementary options for studying and communicating effects of global change on organisms, ecosystems, and landscapes can be included in a toolbox. This allows researchers to address ecological novelty from different perspectives, e.g., by defining it based on (a) categorical or continuous measures, (b) reference conditions related to sites or organisms, and (c) types of human activities. We suggest striving for a descriptive, non-normative usage of the term “ecological novelty” in science. Normative evaluations and decisions about conservation policies or management are important, but require additional societal processes and engagement with multiple stakeholders.

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Raphael, Debbie O., and Chris A. Geiger. "Precautionary Policies in Local Government: Green Chemistry and Safer Alternatives." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 21, no. 3 (October 14, 2011): 345–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ns.21.3.d.

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Local governments like the City and County of San Francisco have shouldered the burden of toxic chemicals released into the environment through the substantial costs of health care, environmental cleanup, and infrastructure to purify drinking water, manage wastewater, and manage solid waste. Cities can no longer afford to wait for federal regulation to prevent toxic chemicals from appearing in products used locally. San Francisco's Precautionary Principle Policy calls on the City to act on early warning signs of harm and to use the best available science to identify safer alternatives. Under its umbrella, a wide array of policy tools have been utilized including financial incentives through procurement contracts, certification and promotion of safer business practices, requirements for information disclosure, and bans and restrictions on the sale of products when safer alternatives are readily available. These policies can often become the models for regional, state, and national change.

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Buja, Alessandra, Marco Pierbon, Laura Lago, Giulia Grotto, and Vincenzo Baldo. "Breast Cancer Primary Prevention and Diet: An Umbrella Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 13 (July 1, 2020): 4731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134731.

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Introduction: Many studies have been published, but none have pooled the useful evidence available in the literature to produce guidelines and health policies promoting healthy eating styles to prevent breast cancer (BC). The present study aimed to summarize the evidence produced to date, taking a judicious, critical approach to the quality of the studies analyzed. Methods: An umbrella review method was adopted, which is a systematic review of second-level studies, meta-analyses and literature reviews. Results: In all, 48 studies were considered: 32 meta-analyses, 4 pooled analyses, 5 systematic reviews, and 7 qualitative reviews. A higher intake of total meat, or red or processed meats, or foods with a high glycemic index, or eggs would seem to be associated with a higher risk of BC. Some foods, such as vegetables, would seem instead to have an inverse association with BC risk. One meta-analysis revealed an inverse association between citrus fruit and mushroom consumption and BC. Some nutrients, such as calcium, folate, vitamin D, lignans and carotenoids, also seem to be inversely associated with BC risk. The evidence is still conflicting as concerns exposure to other dietary elements (e.g., polyunsaturated fatty acids, dairy foods). Conclusion: Nutrition is one of the most modifiable aspects of people’s lifestyles and dietary choices can affect health and the risk of cancer. Overall, adhering to a healthy eating style may be associated with a significant reduction in the risk of BC.

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Lewis, Richard P., and Rachel Wertheimer. "Using umbrella general liability insurance policies to avoid getting soaked by nonexistent “suit” and “damages” exclusions." Environmental Claims Journal 11, no. 3 (March 1999): 17–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10406029909383921.

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Papaioannou, Theo, Andrew Watkins, Dinar Kale, and Julius Mugwagwa. "Industry associations, health innovation systems and politics of development: the cases of India and South Africa." Business and Politics 17, no. 2 (August 2015): 253–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1369525800001649.

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Over the last 20 years, developing countries have witnessed the increased role of non-governmental actors such as health industry associations and umbrella organizations in the diffusion and governance of health innovation. Utilizing extensive interviews with actors in the Indian and South African health industries, this paper argues that, in a context of emerging pluralism – i.e., a dynamic context of bargaining between competing (public and private) interests and values – these associations constitute public actors that play dual roles in the politics of innovation and development. Specifically, not only do they engage downstream by diffusing knowledge to their respective health innovation systems in order to achieve common objectives, they also engage upstream with their governments to co-develop policies and regulations. This dual role of health industry associations and umbrella organizations makes them less neutral politically but more effective institutionally, and their innovative and political role should be seriously taken into account in the healthcare sector.

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Koutsi, Elisavet, Sotirios Deligiannis, Georgia Athanasiadou, Dimitra Zarbouti, and George Tsoulos. "Analysis of EV Cost-Based Charging Load Profiles." Proceedings 65, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020065002.

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During the last few decades, electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising sustainable alternative to traditional fuel cars. The work presented here is carried out in the context of the Horizon 2020 project MERLON and targets the impact of EVs on electrical grid load profiles, while considering both grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operation modes. Three different charging policies are considered: the uncontrolled charging, which acts as a reference scenario, and two strategies that fall under the umbrella of individual charging policies based on price incentive strategies. Electricity prices along with the EV user preferences are taken into account for both charging (G2V) and discharging (V2G) operations, allowing for more realistic scenarios to be considered.

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Books on the topic "Umbrella policies"

1

Woodward, W. Jeffrey. IRMI's CGL and umbrella insurance guide. Dallas, Tex: International Risk Management Institute, 1998.

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Woodward, W. Jeffrey. IRMI CGL and umbrella insurance guide. 2nd ed. Dallas, Tex: International Risk Management Institute, 2001.

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Woodward, W. Jeffrey. IRMI CGL and umbrella insurance guide. 3rd ed. Dallas, Tex: International Risk Management Institute, 2002.

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4

Baxt, George. A queer kind of umbrella: A Pharoah Love mystery. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995.

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Woodward, W. Jeffrey. Irmi Cgl and Umbrella Insurance Guide. International Risk Management Institute, 2005.

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Kühn, Ulrich. Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological Weapons. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790501.003.0043.

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This chapter discusses the military- and defence-related capabilities and policies of Western Europe’s major powers (Germany, France, United Kingdom), of the NATO alliance, the Russian Federation, and Austria in the realm of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons (weapons of mass destruction (WMD)). It focuses on the differing roles, positions, and security policy outlooks of these actors, with a special emphasis on their respective policies towards nuclear weapons. Particularly in the realm of nuclear weapons, the situation on the European continent is extremely diverse and complex, with officially recognized nuclear-weapons states, non-nuclear-weapons states under NATO’s ‘nuclear umbrella’, and staunch supporters of a world free from nuclear weapons. Highlighting converging and diverging international policy trends, the chapter concludes that European security policies on WMD continue to have a significant impact on related global security and defence matters.

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Popova, Svetlana, Shannon Lange, Larry Burd, and Jürgen Rehm. Burden and Social Cost of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935291.013.78.

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Damage to the central nervous system is a unifying concept for nearly all of the diagnoses that fall under the Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) umbrella. Thus, FASD are an important public health and social problem worldwide that consumes a large amount of resources, both economic and societal by imparting a large burden on society through such sectors as the healthcare system, mental health and substance abuse treatment services, foster care, the criminal justice system, and the long-term care of individuals with intellectual and physical disabilities. Existing estimates of the economic impact of FASD demonstrate significant cost implications on the individual, the family and society. Many of the costs associated with FASD can be reduced with the implementation of effective social policies and intervention programs.

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Tapia, Maite, and Jane Holgate. Fighting Precariousness. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791843.003.0009.

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This chapter examines union strategies towards precarious migrant workers in the UK, France, and Germany. It shows that at a national level, the umbrella labour organizations or confederations—the British Trades Union Congress (TUC), the German Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (DGB), and the French Confédération Générale du Travail (CGT)—have changed their policies over time, becoming more open and welcoming towards migrant workers. However, specific union strategies towards migrant workers differ substantively. Thus, even though the policy framework at a macro level is quite similar across the UK, Germany, and France, the chapter finds significant differences in union approaches at the micro level when examining the organizing or advocacy work that is happening on the ground in the workplace or locality. The findings show that institutional power resources and union ideology really matter to the specific approaches taken by unions at the micro level.

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Joseph, Sophy K. Customary Rights of Farmers in Neoliberal India. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190121006.001.0001.

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The Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmer’s Rights Act, 2001, promises to balance the intellectual property rights of plant breeders and farmers under one umbrella legislation. However, there remain several grey areas and the rights of farmers, in reality, are still tenuous. Though the rights framework was foregrounded on an understanding between non-governmental organizations and industry, there is lack of clarity at both conceptual and procedural levels. In this context, Sophy K. Joseph analyses the impact of legal policy reforms during the ongoing Second Green Revolution on farmers’ customary rights and livelihood. The author discusses how the extension of private property rights to plant varieties, seeds, and other agrarian resources changed the demographic composition of the rural space, with increased migration of cultivators to the cities. The book argues that the transition from state interventionism (during the First Green Revolution), to state abstention (in the Second Green Revolution) has dramatically influenced India’s conventional agrarian practices and traditions. This work maps the evolutionary process of neoliberal economic and legal policies and its interference with primary concerns such as food security, food sovereignty, and agrarian self-reliance of the country.

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Lee, Francis L. F., and Joseph M. Chan. Media, Participation, and Public Opinion toward the Movement. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190856779.003.0004.

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This chapter discusses the role of the media in the formation and mobilization of the protest campaign under the concept of the partially censored public monitor. Embedded in the dominant political economic structure, the mainstream media were on the whole negative toward the Umbrella Movement. However, (self)-censorship was only partial, and the media system continued to play the role of the public monitor. The media played an important role in generating mediated instant grievances among the public when the police fired tear gas into the protesting crowd at the beginning of the occupation. They also helped monitor police violence throughout the protest campaign. Digital media strengthened the public monitor function of the media system as a whole by facilitating wider flows of media materials. As a result, the impact of the media on public opinion toward the Umbrella Movement was mixed and contradictory.

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Book chapters on the topic "Umbrella policies"

1

Van Riel, Cees B. M., and Guido Berens. "Balancing corporate branding policies in multi-business companies." In Raising the Corporate Umbrella, 43–61. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230554580_3.

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Kakizawa, Hiroaki, and Kan Higashiyama. "Forest and Agricultural Management Policies to Conserve the Two Species." In Biodiversity Conservation Using Umbrella Species, 247–59. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7203-1_18.

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Beasley, Lamar. "Resources Planning Act-The Forest Service Planning Umbrella." In Land Use Planning Techniques and Policies, 89–95. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America, and American Society of Agronomy, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub12.c6.

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Difilippo, Anthony. "The International Dimensions of Japan’s Anti-Nuclear Weapons Policies: Issues in Disarmament and Nonproliferation." In Japan's Nuclear Disarmament Policy and the U.S. Security Umbrella, 111–34. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230600720_6.

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Difilippo, Anthony. "The Politics of Japanese Nuclear Disarmament: Where Government Policies and Civil Society Converge and Diverge." In Japan's Nuclear Disarmament Policy and the U.S. Security Umbrella, 67–92. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230600720_4.

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Lulle, Aija. "Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Latvian Citizens Abroad." In IMISCOE Research Series, 289–304. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51245-3_17.

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Abstract This chapter shows that Latvia is a country whose diaspora policies are shaped by ethnic identity arguments that introduce some differences of treatment between two categories of individuals residing abroad: citizens and the specific category of Russian-origin “non-citizens”. We show that, because most of diaspora concentrates in Western destination countries with strong welfare states, Latvia has little incentives to act in this area. Social protection policies in Latvia are mainly related to repatriation support. Repatriation is understood as help to return for those, mainly ethnic Latvians, who left the country before 1990s. Support for recent emigrants is limited to consular support, gradual extension of opportunities to vote from abroad, language training, weekend schools. In 2018, the first pilot programme was carried out to provide information support for return migrants under the umbrella of regional development vision in Latvia.

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Dykstra, Pearl A., and Maja Djundeva. "Policies for Later-Life Families in a Comparative European Perspective." In The Palgrave Handbook of Family Policy, 331–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54618-2_14.

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AbstractIn this chapter, we consider cross-national differences in policies for later-life families in Europe, focusing on state support freeing family members from caring responsibilities or enabling them to care. These policies come under the umbrella of long-term care (LTC), help required by persons with a reduced degree of functional capacity for an extended period of time. Publicly funded LTC includes “in-kind” services, where care is provided by professionals at home or in an institution, and “cash benefits” which can be used to purchase professional care or which can be paid to informal caregivers as income support. Apart from long-term care for dependents themselves, there are policies supporting family members in their caregiving tasks: “cash for care” (financial compensation for helping those with impairments), “care leaves” (the right to be absent from work in order to care), and “care credits” (time spent on caring that is credited towards a basic pension).

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Sing, Ming. "How Students Took Leadership of the Umbrella Movement." In Take Back Our Future, 144–66. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501740916.003.0007.

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This chapter assesses why the prodemocracy parties were sidelined by student leaders during the Umbrella Movement. It also investigates the conflicts between the leaders of student bodies and the prodemocracy parties, which affected the trajectory of the Umbrella Movement. One factor accounting for the sidelining of the prodemocracy parties was that Beijing had largely enervated the prodemocracy parties' capacity in the legislature to shape policies via institutional and noninstitutional components of the nonsovereign, hybrid regime of Hong Kong. The debilitation made the parties irrelevant in addressing public needs and thereby eroded the public's trust in the parties and contributed to their decline, as has been found in many Western democracies. Beijing's engineering alone, however, cannot fully explain the decline of those parties. The parties' conscious choices with regard to positioning and tactics, amid an increasingly divided public, were also relevant to their decline. Indeed, the students' tactics contrasted sharply with those of the party leaders, who mostly preferred to halt the prolonged occupation in order to shorten the street inconvenience and diminish the risk of voters' backlash in impending elections.

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Gorlizki, Yoram, and Oleg Khlevniuk. "Moscow, Center." In Substate Dictatorship, 119–42. Yale University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300230819.003.0005.

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This chapter looks at the succession struggle in Moscow and its effects on the environment in which substate leaders operated. It discusses the death of Joseph Stalin in March 1953 that unleashed a succession struggle and caused sweeping effects on the dynamics of regional rule. It also mentions the appearance of a new model of governance associated with Lavrentii Beria and adoption of reformist policies at the center. The chapter explains Nikita Khrushchev's assumption of power that inaugurated a decade long triumph of Soviet reformism along a number of policy dimensions. It also investigates reformist policies that had earlier been blocked by Stalin and grouped under the umbrella term “de-Stalinization.”

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Lewis, Hannah, and Louise Waite. "Migrant illegality, slavery and exploitative work." In The Modern Slavery Agenda, 219–42. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447346791.003.0010.

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This chapter considers the position of migrants in the UK who experience severe labour exploitation. It addresses how — or whether — the emerging ‘modern slavery complex’ can adequately respond to the production and continuation of unfree labour relationships that produce conditions now grouped under the umbrella of ‘modern slavery’. It starts from the point of understanding severe labour exploitation as emerging within a set of multidimensional processes embedded in the operation of labour markets and economies. This includes employer relationships with employees, migrants' work and migration trajectories, and socio-economic and family status. For migrant workers, the backdrop of hostile immigration policies and politics is an important framer.

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Conference papers on the topic "Umbrella policies"

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Sturlaugson, Brent. "Culture Jamming & Climate Change." In 2019 ACSA Fall Conference. ACSA Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.fall.19.4.

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While much of the fi eld of architecture claims to be concerned with the mounting effects of climate change, its tools for combating it are limited. Important gains have been made in raising minimum performance standards, developing alternative materials, and voicing support of progressive policies, but these gains are insufficient. In the face of unprecedented warming and its demonstrated spillover effects, architecture must leverage every possible angle in pursuit of a viable future, including those that capture the imagination. This project seeks to forge new relationships between architecture and climate change by using activist techniques collected under the umbrella of culture jamming.

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Wong, Kaufui V., and John Plackemeier. "Policies for Effective Trading Scheme to Reduce Carbon Dioxide Emissions." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39723.

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The World Bank and the Intergovernmental panel on climate change have concluded that human activities such as fossil fuel combustion have caused higher average temperatures, more violent weather patterns and higher sea levels. Governments, politicians and corporations have started to take steps to curb emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases to reduce its imbalance in the atmosphere, and in so doing, diminish the impacts it will have in the near future. While these parties have recognized the importance of significantly reducing emissions in the coming decades, there are currently no policies in the USA to accomplish these goals. At the same time that the need to reduce emissions become more and more apparent, the realization that the world’s current economy is highly carbon-dependent and that shifting to renewable energy sources would be extremely expensive as well, thus compelling governments to approach the problem cautiously. Maybe because of this reality, governments have preferred emissions trading schemes over emissions caps and taxes with no trading. Unlike a cap affecting carbon emitters uniformly, the trading schemes that have been introduced recently allow for a collective cap on emissions under which emitters are held to standards which can be achieved by reducing emissions or by buying carbon credits, which are emissions reductions that have been achieved by a different third party. At this time, the Kyoto Protocol is the most comprehensive of the commitments governments have made toward the ultimate aim of curbing greenhouse gases. Under its umbrella, many of the world’s industrialized nations (excluding the US, which signed but did not ratify owing to economic concerns) agreed to an emissions reduction of 6 to 8 percent from 1990 levels by 2012. Governments are responsible for reducing overall emissions and do this by passing on reduction goals to specific emitters who can reduce their emissions through a slew of methods. The methods include directly reducing carbon emitted as gas or purchasing carbon credits that provide a reduction in place of emissions that cannot be directly reduced. While fossil fuels have played an important role in the development of the world in the past century, financial markets have had an equally important role in creating economic growth. Emissions trading schemes have emerged in the past five years as a method to reduce carbon dioxide emissions through market forces. They are an attractive solution because they grant economic leeway to subject parties. While they carry this benefit, they are not universally ideal. This paper aims to identify the most effective ways in which emissions trading schemes can be used. An analysis of the limitations of emissions trading schemes is conducted with respect to technological and regulatory concerns in addition to different economic sectors. Further analysis of the benefits of large scale emissions trading schemes over other large scale emissions reduction methods is conducted. From this analysis, a full recommendation of strategies which would maximize the effectiveness of an emissions trading scheme is provided.

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