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Tubić, Svjetlana, and Jovan Miljković. "Harmonizacija politika obrazovanja odraslih u Bosni i Hercegovini." Obrazovanje odraslih/Adult Education, no. 1 2019 (2019): 15–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.53617/issn2744-2047.2019.19.1.15.
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Thanks to European integration, harmonization of policies, thus adult education policies as well, has become one of the inevitable andragogical topics. Due to its European commitment, but also because of its specific state organization, the process of harmonization of policies is of major scientific and practical importance for Bosnia and Herzegovina. the aim of the research, whose results we present here, is to determine whether and to what extent adult education policies in Bosnia and Herzegovina are harmonized. The results of the research, although generally indicating high level of harmonization, biasedly in some segments deviate from recommended umbrella document. The reasons for the identified discrepancies lie outside of adult education policy, in higher spheres of politics, and cannot be eliminated by applying solely educational intervention.
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Breuer, Michael. "Multiple Losses, EX ANTE Moral Hazard, and the Implications for Umbrella Policies." Journal of Risk Insurance 72, no. 4 (December 2005): 525–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6975.2005.00136.x.
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Taylor, Elliott. "Oil Spill Response Planning in Developing Countries." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2003, no. 1 (April 1, 2003): 497–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-497.
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ABSTRACT Standards adopted in North America, Europe, and by most major oil companies are being broadly applied to regions around the globe that have either not developed their own standards or have standards that allow for a broad range of interpretation. An umbrella plan allows a company or agency to document policies, overall response organization and operations, and regulatory compliance. The site-specific plans are the hands-on, operational guides to initial responders. The planning strategy of using combined umbrella plans and local area plans is now in use on projects in Africa, Russia, Middle East, and SE Asia. If applied consistently on a regional basis, the resulting plan framework can provide companies and governments with detailed tactical plans in many developing parts of the world.
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Powell, Warren. "Energy and Uncertainty: Models and Algorithms for Complex Energy Systems." AI Magazine 35, no. 3 (September 19, 2014): 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v35i3.2540.
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The problem of controlling energy systems (generation, transmission, storage, investment) introduces a number of optimization problems which need to be solved in the presence of different types of uncertainty. We highlight several of these applications, using a simple energy storage problem as a case application. Using this setting, we describe a modeling framework based around five fundamental dimensions which is more natural than the standard canonical form widely used in the reinforcement learning community. The framework focuses on finding the best policy, where we identify four fundamental classes of policies consisting of policy function approximations (PFAs), cost function approximations (CFAs), policies based on value function approximations (VFAs), and lookahead policies. This organization unifies a number of competing strategies under a common umbrella.
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Heger, Tina, Maud Bernard-Verdier, Arthur Gessler, Alex D. Greenwood, Hans-Peter Grossart, Monika Hilker, Silvia Keinath, et al. "Towards an Integrative, Eco-Evolutionary Understanding of Ecological Novelty: Studying and Communicating Interlinked Effects of Global Change." BioScience 69, no. 11 (September 18, 2019): 888–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biz095.
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Abstract Global change has complex eco-evolutionary consequences for organisms and ecosystems, but related concepts (e.g., novel ecosystems) do not cover their full range. Here we propose an umbrella concept of “ecological novelty” comprising (1) a site-specific and (2) an organism-centered, eco-evolutionary perspective. Under this umbrella, complementary options for studying and communicating effects of global change on organisms, ecosystems, and landscapes can be included in a toolbox. This allows researchers to address ecological novelty from different perspectives, e.g., by defining it based on (a) categorical or continuous measures, (b) reference conditions related to sites or organisms, and (c) types of human activities. We suggest striving for a descriptive, non-normative usage of the term “ecological novelty” in science. Normative evaluations and decisions about conservation policies or management are important, but require additional societal processes and engagement with multiple stakeholders.
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Raphael, Debbie O., and Chris A. Geiger. "Precautionary Policies in Local Government: Green Chemistry and Safer Alternatives." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 21, no. 3 (October 14, 2011): 345–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ns.21.3.d.
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Local governments like the City and County of San Francisco have shouldered the burden of toxic chemicals released into the environment through the substantial costs of health care, environmental cleanup, and infrastructure to purify drinking water, manage wastewater, and manage solid waste. Cities can no longer afford to wait for federal regulation to prevent toxic chemicals from appearing in products used locally. San Francisco's Precautionary Principle Policy calls on the City to act on early warning signs of harm and to use the best available science to identify safer alternatives. Under its umbrella, a wide array of policy tools have been utilized including financial incentives through procurement contracts, certification and promotion of safer business practices, requirements for information disclosure, and bans and restrictions on the sale of products when safer alternatives are readily available. These policies can often become the models for regional, state, and national change.
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Buja, Alessandra, Marco Pierbon, Laura Lago, Giulia Grotto, and Vincenzo Baldo. "Breast Cancer Primary Prevention and Diet: An Umbrella Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 13 (July 1, 2020): 4731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134731.
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Introduction: Many studies have been published, but none have pooled the useful evidence available in the literature to produce guidelines and health policies promoting healthy eating styles to prevent breast cancer (BC). The present study aimed to summarize the evidence produced to date, taking a judicious, critical approach to the quality of the studies analyzed. Methods: An umbrella review method was adopted, which is a systematic review of second-level studies, meta-analyses and literature reviews. Results: In all, 48 studies were considered: 32 meta-analyses, 4 pooled analyses, 5 systematic reviews, and 7 qualitative reviews. A higher intake of total meat, or red or processed meats, or foods with a high glycemic index, or eggs would seem to be associated with a higher risk of BC. Some foods, such as vegetables, would seem instead to have an inverse association with BC risk. One meta-analysis revealed an inverse association between citrus fruit and mushroom consumption and BC. Some nutrients, such as calcium, folate, vitamin D, lignans and carotenoids, also seem to be inversely associated with BC risk. The evidence is still conflicting as concerns exposure to other dietary elements (e.g., polyunsaturated fatty acids, dairy foods). Conclusion: Nutrition is one of the most modifiable aspects of people’s lifestyles and dietary choices can affect health and the risk of cancer. Overall, adhering to a healthy eating style may be associated with a significant reduction in the risk of BC.
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Lewis, Richard P., and Rachel Wertheimer. "Using umbrella general liability insurance policies to avoid getting soaked by nonexistent “suit” and “damages” exclusions." Environmental Claims Journal 11, no. 3 (March 1999): 17–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10406029909383921.
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Papaioannou, Theo, Andrew Watkins, Dinar Kale, and Julius Mugwagwa. "Industry associations, health innovation systems and politics of development: the cases of India and South Africa." Business and Politics 17, no. 2 (August 2015): 253–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1369525800001649.
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Over the last 20 years, developing countries have witnessed the increased role of non-governmental actors such as health industry associations and umbrella organizations in the diffusion and governance of health innovation. Utilizing extensive interviews with actors in the Indian and South African health industries, this paper argues that, in a context of emerging pluralism – i.e., a dynamic context of bargaining between competing (public and private) interests and values – these associations constitute public actors that play dual roles in the politics of innovation and development. Specifically, not only do they engage downstream by diffusing knowledge to their respective health innovation systems in order to achieve common objectives, they also engage upstream with their governments to co-develop policies and regulations. This dual role of health industry associations and umbrella organizations makes them less neutral politically but more effective institutionally, and their innovative and political role should be seriously taken into account in the healthcare sector.
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Koutsi, Elisavet, Sotirios Deligiannis, Georgia Athanasiadou, Dimitra Zarbouti, and George Tsoulos. "Analysis of EV Cost-Based Charging Load Profiles." Proceedings 65, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020065002.
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During the last few decades, electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising sustainable alternative to traditional fuel cars. The work presented here is carried out in the context of the Horizon 2020 project MERLON and targets the impact of EVs on electrical grid load profiles, while considering both grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operation modes. Three different charging policies are considered: the uncontrolled charging, which acts as a reference scenario, and two strategies that fall under the umbrella of individual charging policies based on price incentive strategies. Electricity prices along with the EV user preferences are taken into account for both charging (G2V) and discharging (V2G) operations, allowing for more realistic scenarios to be considered.
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Sebri, Mouna, and Georges Zaccour. "Estimating umbrella-branding spillovers: a retailer perspective." European Journal of Marketing 51, no. 9/10 (September 12, 2017): 1695–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-02-2016-0074.
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Purpose The starting conjecture is that the market share of a brand in one category benefits from its performance in another category, and vice versa. The purpose of this paper is to assess the umbrella-branding spillovers by investigating the presence of synergy effect between categories when a retailer and/or a manufacturer decide to adopt/use the same name for his products. In fact, besides the cross-category dependency due to substitutability or complementarity, products can also be linked through their brand name in presence of an umbrella-branding strategy. Design/methodology/approach The authors propose an extended market-share model to account for the spillover effect at the brand level. The spillover is modeled to be generated by the brand's performance and not specific to marketing instruments, as done in the literature. They adopt a multiplicative competitive interaction (MCI) form for the attraction function. Based on aggregated data of two complementary oral-hygiene categories, the authors estimate the umbrella-branding spillover parameters using the iterate three-stage least squares (I3SLS) method. They contrast the results in three scenarios: no spillover, brand-constant spillover and brand-specific spillover. Findings The ensuing results indicate that umbrella-branding spillover is (i) significant and positive, i.e. the brand performance is boosted by its performance in a related category, through the so-called brand-attraction multiplier; (ii) asymmetric, i.e. the spillover is not equal in both directions; and associated to the market strength of each competing brand; (iii) variable across brands. The results show that not accounting for umbrella-branding spillover leads to misestimating the parameters and has a considerable impact on price-elasticities computation. Research limitations/implications Because store brands and some national brands exist in many categories, and thus because consumers make inferences when they face a large number of brands in different categories, spillover effects cannot be labelled as simply complementary or substitution-related. Future research may provide insight about the spillover phenomenon in a more general framework that would consider the spillover occurring between more than two categories. Practical implications Providing accurate assessment for umbrella-branding spillovers governing the competing brands, the results offer a relevant and straightforward method for decision makers to precisely assess the impact of a marketing effort in one category on the retailer's global performance. The findings provide better forecasts of market response in terms of sales and profit, within a cross-category perspective. Originality/value This study develops and estimates a market-share model with the aim of measuring brand-category spillover effects. The literature dealt with cross-category interactions in terms of substitutability or complementarity between the products offered in the two or more categories under investigation. Here, the focal point (and contribution) of the authors is the link at the brand level. Indeed, the authors only require that a minimum of one brand is offered in at least two of the categories of interest. Further, the spillover considered is not specific to marketing instruments, but is generated by the brand performance (attraction or market share), which is the result of both the firms marketing-mix choice and competitors marketing policies.
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Pomeroy, Ann. "Relocating Policies for Sustainable Agriculture Under the Umbrella of Rural Development in Australia, USA and New Zealand." New Zealand Geographer 52, no. 2 (October 1996): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7939.1996.tb02070.x.
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Hafni, Nur, and Aiyub Aiyub. "Collaboration of Educational Actors in Formulating Integrated Curriculum Based on Islamic Values in Aceh." Malikussaleh Social and Political Reviews 2, no. 1 (May 30, 2021): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/mspr.v2i1.4975.
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The Province of Aceh has a robust legal basis and umbrella in implementing an education system based on Islamic values following the mandate of Law No. 11 of 2006 and is described in the provincial and district qanuns of North Aceh. Implementing the special autonomy policy in education gives the Aceh Provincial government the flexibility to develop creative and innovative Islamic-based programs following the characteristics of Aceh's privileges. This study aims to analyze the formulation of Islamic values-based curriculum education policies in primary education and the collaborative actors involved in forming Islamic values-based educational curriculum policies. The research was used the descriptive qualitative method. The informants were determined by purposive sampling. The study found no synergy of cross-actor in collaborative governance in the formulation of Islamic values-based Aceh education curriculum policies. Thus, the implementation of education programs based on Islamic values was interpreted and meant differently among agencies. In addition, the National Curriculum strongly dominated the implementation of Aceh education in primary education, while local policies on Islamic values were few. Therefore, the policies of providing education do not reflect the specificity of Aceh's privileges. Besides that, the Islamic-based education policy program was not explained in a more detailed derivative policy.
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Apple, Michael W. "Review of Ravitch "National Standards"." education policy analysis archives 4 (June 30, 1996): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v4n10.1996.
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I assume that Diane Ravitch is someone who is as deeply committed to a fair and socially just education as I am--even when our political and educational agendas may differ--I also assume that re-stratification and fostering the power of the conservative restoration is not what she wants either. Thus, I do urge you to read this book, but perhaps for different reasons: to see it as a cautionary tale and then to watch as the public policies that are justified under its rhetorical umbrella and that are actually implemented on the ground go in uncomfortable directions.
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Fazel, Seena, E. Naomi Smith, Zheng Chang, and John Richard Geddes. "Risk factors for interpersonal violence: an umbrella review of meta-analyses." British Journal of Psychiatry 213, no. 4 (July 30, 2018): 609–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2018.145.
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BackgroundInterpersonal violence is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The strength and population effect of modifiable risk factors for interpersonal violence, and the quality of the research evidence is not known.AimsWe aimed to examine the strength and population effect of modifiable risk factors for interpersonal violence, and the quality and reproducibility of the research evidence.MethodWe conducted an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of risk factors for interpersonal violence. A systematic search was conducted to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses in general population samples. Effect sizes were extracted, converted into odds ratios and synthesised, and population attributable risk fractions (PAF) were calculated. Quality analyses were performed, including of small study effects, adjustment for confounders and heterogeneity. Secondary analyses for aggression, intimate partner violence and homicide were conducted, and systematic reviews (without meta-analyses) were summarised.ResultsWe identified 22 meta-analyses reporting on risk factors for interpersonal violence. Neuropsychiatric disorders were among the strongest in relative and absolute terms. The neuropsychiatric risk factor that had the largest effect at a population level were substance use disorders, with a PAF of 14.8% (95% CI 9.0–21.6%), and the most important historical factor was witnessing or being a victim of violence in childhood (PAF = 12.2%, 95% CI 6.5–17.4%). There was evidence of small study effects and large heterogeneity.ConclusionsNational strategies for the prevention of interpersonal violence may need to review policies concerning the identification and treatment of modifiable risk factors.Declarations of interestJ.R.G. is an NIHR Senior Investigator. The views expressed within this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care.
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Huang, Xi, and Cathy Yang Liu. "Welcoming Cities: Immigration Policy at the Local Government Level." Urban Affairs Review 54, no. 1 (November 23, 2016): 3–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087416678999.
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In the face of continued immigration to the United States and federal policy inertia, many local governments have started to adopt their own immigrant-related policies to cope with the newcomers. Among them, welcoming cities represent a new wave of inclusive local government responses that seeks to incorporate immigrants socially and economically and deviates from the previous policies that focus on law enforcement and legal status. In this article, we explore the rationales behind these cities’ commitment to immigrant integration by examining the effect of theory-based local demographic, economic, political, fiscal, and institutional characteristics and national network organization on local governments’ policy adoption. Our results indicate that cities that have an educated, diverse, and liberal population, are more economically troubled but fiscally sound are more likely to become welcoming cities. The Welcoming America as an umbrella organization also plays an important role in facilitating the welcoming movement.
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Krementsov, Nikolai. "The Strength of a Loosely Defined Movement: Eugenics and Medicine in Imperial Russia." Medical History 59, no. 1 (December 11, 2014): 6–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2014.68.
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AbstractThis essay examines the ‘infiltration’ of eugenics into Russian medical discourse during the formation of the eugenics movement in western Europe and North America in 1900–17. It describes the efforts of two Russian physicians, the bacteriologist and hygienist Nikolai Gamaleia (1859–1949) and the psychiatrist Tikhon Iudin (1879–1949), to introduce eugenics to the Russian medical community, analysing in detail what attracted these representatives of two different medical specialties to eugenic ideas, ideals, and policies advocated by their western colleagues. On the basis of a close examination of the similarities and differences in Gamaleia’s and Iudin’s attitudes to eugenics, the essay argues that lack of cohesiveness gave the early eugenics movement a unique strength. The loose mix of widely varying ideas, ideals, methods, policies, activities and proposals covered by the umbrella of eugenics offered to a variety of educated professionals in Russia and elsewhere the possibility of choosing, adopting and adapting particular elements to their own national, professional, institutional and disciplinary contexts, interests and agendas.
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Sánchez-Hernández and Maldonado-Briegas. "Sustainable Entrepreneurial Culture Programs Promoting Social Responsibility: A European Regional Experience." Sustainability 11, no. 13 (July 1, 2019): 3625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133625.
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Currently in the European Union, regional policies and their related programs are aware of the importance of fostering social responsibility, whilst, at same time, they have to promote entrepreneurship. Promoting the culture of sustainable entrepreneurship could be the answer. In this article, the Spanish case-study of the Autonomous Community of Extremadura is analyzed to show the existing regional policies fostering voluntary educational programs devoted to entrepreneurship since 2012. In this context, a specific entrepreneurship project related to sustainability was developed in 2017–2018 in secondary schools with the leitmotiv to consider the Sustainable Development Goals from the United Nations. Using the Structural Equation Modeling method with a sample of 630 students under the umbrella of the project called Teenemprende, the study concludes by highlighting that sustainable entrepreneurial culture programs in the public educational system already have some positive effect on the students´ attitude to social responsibility, thus empowering them to change the world for a better future.
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GRAM-SKJOLDAGER, KAREN, and ØYVIND TØNNESSON. "Unity and Divergence: Scandinavian Internationalism, 1914–1921." Contemporary European History 17, no. 3 (August 2008): 301–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777308004505.
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AbstractScandinavia (Denmark, Norway and Sweden) is frequently seen as a democratic ‘island of peace’ in international politics and the three states are seen as ardent supporters of an ‘international community’ under the umbrella of the United Nations as well as its predecessor, the League of Nations. This article seeks to challenge this idealised, unitary conception of Scandinavian peace politics by exploring how different strands of internationalism, as transnational phenomena, developed from the outbreak of the First World War until the three states became members of the League. Initially, that development was more or less independent of official foreign policy. The article explains how and to what degree new internationalist ideas were eventually merged with traditional neutralist Scandinavian foreign policies.
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Marginean, Mara. "Epistemic Encounters: Social Sciences and the Rethinking of Urban Planning Policies in the Early 1970s Romania." Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Sociologia 65, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/subbs-2020-0007.
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Abstract This article aims to conduct a case study on urban planning models drawn by social scientists in 1970s Romania. It looks at the trans-national channels of knowledge circulation and reconstructs specialists’ role in creating new bridges of cooperation between the first and second world. It also analyzes the gradual re-signification of these ideas locally as part of the socialist state development project. More precisely, it wants to answer three intertwined questions: To what extent did the trans-nationalization of knowledge in the late 1960s determine a particular approach to urban planning in Romania? What does this tell us about local professional practices’ autonomy? Which was the international relevance of Romanian social sciences’ practice? The article contributes to an emerging scholarship on the genealogy of these ideas by placing the transnational debates of the late 1960s and early 1970s consumed under the umbrella of various international organizations, such as the ISA and the UN, in conversation with an intellectual tradition dating back to the interwar period.
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Lorenzo, Francisco, and Fernando Trujillo. "Languages of schooling in European policymaking: present state and future outcomes." European Journal of Applied Linguistics 5, no. 2 (September 5, 2017): 177–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eujal-2017-0007.
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AbstractEuropean language policies have unfolded under the umbrella of the Council of Europe and the European Commission over the last past decades. The major goal has been so far to handle autochthonous multilingualism and preserve language diversity. Major developments in this area has been followed by new political and educational targets. The first one is the spread of high levels of cognitive academic language proficiency (CALP) across all the student population. High CALP levels imply the acquisition of high order skills triggered by the practice of advanced language structures at school, mostly through language across the curriculum schemes. Secondly, their interests lie in the development of second language instruction competence (SLIC); i.e. the ability to process school content in a variety of languages so that multilingual education does not affect communicative levels only. CALP and SLIC will mark the political goals for language policy in the nearby future and it so happens that languages of schooling provide a framework to operationalize these goals. Following on past research on European multilingual language policies, this paper intends to explore the means to make this language policy happen in schools. The major concepts, innovations and policies discussed will be illustrated with examples from the course of History.
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Siegfried, Nandi, and Charles Parry. "Do alcohol control policies work? An umbrella review and quality assessment of systematic reviews of alcohol control interventions (2006 – 2017)." PLOS ONE 14, no. 4 (April 10, 2019): e0214865. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214865.
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Rojas-Rueda, David, Emily Morales-Zamora, Wael Abdullah Alsufyani, Christopher H. Herbst, Salem M. AlBalawi, Reem Alsukait, and Mashael Alomran. "Environmental Risk Factors and Health: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020704.
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Background: Environmental health is a growing area of knowledge, continually increasing and updating the body of evidence linking the environment to human health. Aim: This study summarizes the epidemiological evidence on environmental risk factors from meta-analyses through an umbrella review. Methods: An umbrella review was conducted on meta-analyses of cohort, case-control, case-crossover, and time-series studies that evaluated the associations between environmental risk factors and health outcomes defined as incidence, prevalence, and mortality. The specific search strategy was designed in PubMed using free text and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms related to risk factors, environment, health outcomes, observational studies, and meta-analysis. The search was limited to English, Spanish, and French published articles and studies on humans. The search was conducted on September 20, 2020. Risk factors were defined as any attribute, characteristic, or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or death. The environment was defined as the external elements and conditions that surround, influence, and affect a human organism or population’s life and development. The environment definition included the physical environment such as nature, built environment, or pollution, but not the social environment. We excluded occupational exposures, microorganisms, water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), behavioral risk factors, and no-natural disasters. Results: This umbrella review found 197 associations among 69 environmental exposures and 83 diseases and death causes reported in 103 publications. The environmental factors found in this review were air pollution, environmental tobacco smoke, heavy metals, chemicals, ambient temperature, noise, radiation, and urban residential surroundings. Among these, we identified 65 environmental exposures defined as risk factors and 4 environmental protective factors. In terms of study design, 57 included cohort and/or case-control studies, and 46 included time-series and/or case-crossover studies. In terms of the study population, 21 included children, and the rest included adult population and both sexes. In this review, the largest body of evidence was found in air pollution (91 associations among 14 air pollution definitions and 34 diseases and mortality diagnoses), followed by environmental tobacco smoke with 24 associations. Chemicals (including pesticides) were the third larger group of environmental exposures found among the meta-analyses included, with 19 associations. Conclusion: Environmental exposures are an important health determinant. This review provides an overview of an evolving research area and should be used as a complementary tool to understand the connections between the environment and human health. The evidence presented by this review should help to design public health interventions and the implementation of health in all policies approach aiming to improve populational health.
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Gul, Shabnam, Muhammad Faizan Asghar, and Iqra Javed. "China as an Alternative Power in Middle East: Its Outcomes for the Region's Future." Global Political Review V, no. II (June 30, 2020): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2020(v-ii).10.
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This research considers China's Middle East policies and commitments, including international alliances, regional disputes, and trade ties. It compiles information on arms transfers to the Middle East, as well as Chinese imports and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the region. Moreover, the study applies the power transition theory to justify the choice of Middle Eastern states that how external circumstances forced them to look beyond the American umbrella to protect the sovereignty and economic interest. Besides, the primary data has mostly been incorporated from the official files, speeches and statements of the Chinese president and Middle East diplomats and policymakers. Overall, this paper examines China's overall military, economic, and foreign footprint, shedding light on the state's current and potential involvement in the Middle East.
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Ståhl, Timo. "Health in All Policies: From rhetoric to implementation and evaluation – the Finnish experience." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 46, no. 20_suppl (February 2018): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494817743895.
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The principles of the Health in All Policies (HiAP) approach are not new. Their international roots can be traced back to 1978 and the Alma-Ata Declaration and the 1986 Ottawa Charter. In Finland, the roots of HiAP go back to 1972 when the Economic Council of Finland, chaired by the Prime Minister, launched the ‘Report of the working group exploring the goals of health’. The paper discusses the history, rationale, and implementation of the principles underlying the umbrella concept of HiAP. A rationale for implementing a new concept – HiAP in 2006 during the Finnish European Union presidency – is given. The focus here will be on implementation of HiAP. International material supporting the implementation is introduced and practical examples from Finland presented. The Benchmarking System for Health Promotion Capacity Building is introduced, since it has been used as a primary source of information for monitoring and evaluating HiAP in Finland at the local level. The experience from Finland clearly indicates that HiAP as an approach and as a way of working requires long-term commitment and vision. For working across sectors it is crucial to have data on health and health determinants and analyses of the links between health outcomes, health determinants, and policies across sectors and levels of governance. Intersectoral structures, processes, and tools for the identification of problems and solutions, decisions, and implementation across sectors are prerequisites of HiAP. Legislative backing has proven to be useful, especially in providing continuation and sustainability.
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Vargas-Urpi, Mireia. "Official bilingualism meets de facto multilingualism: public service interpreting for the Chinese in Catalonia." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2018, no. 251 (April 25, 2018): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2018-0003.
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Abstract Catalonia is well known for being a bilingual region with language policies that give full support to promoting Catalan. More recently, the number of languages spoken in Catalonia has risen significantly due to immigration flows, while immigration policies encourage all citizens living in Catalonia to be able to communicate in Catalan with the public Administration. The same immigration policies, however, also acknowledge that interpreting (or intercultural mediation) may be necessary to facilitate immigrants’ rights to access public services during the first few years they are living in Catalonia. This article analyses the relationship between a minoritized language (Catalan), a dominant language (Spanish) and a group of recently arrived languages (Standard Chinese and other Chinese varieties) from the perspective of public service interpreting. It discusses some of the results of an empirical qualitative research which included: (a) interviews with public service interpreters and intercultural mediators working with Chinese living in Catalonia, (b) interviews with managers and coordinators in charge of interpreting or mediation services, and (c) questionnaires answered by Chinese users of public services in Catalonia. This research depicts a complex reality: it not only reflects interpreters’ and managers’ biases towards Spanish or Catalan, often motivated by their place of origin or life experience, but also the challenges when dealing with linguistic variation, i.e. the variety of languages (geolects and mutually unintelligible dialects) included under the umbrella term of Chinese.
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Bastos Lima, Mairon G. "Corporate Power in the Bioeconomy Transition: The Policies and Politics of Conservative Ecological Modernization in Brazil." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (June 21, 2021): 6952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126952.
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The bioeconomy transition is a double-edged sword that may either address fossil fuel dependence sustainably or aggravate human pressures on the environment, depending on how it is pursued. Using the emblematic case of Brazil, this article analyzes how corporate agribusiness dominance limits the bioeconomy agenda, shapes innovation pathways, and ultimately threatens the sustainability of this transition. Drawing from scholarship on power in agri-food governance and sustainability transitions, an analytical framework is then applied to the Brazilian case. The analysis of current policies, recent institutional changes and the case-specific literature reveals that, despite a strategic framing of the bioeconomy transition as a panacea for job creation, biodiversity conservation and local development (particularly for the Amazon region), in practice major soy, sugarcane and meatpacking conglomerates dominate Brazil’s bioeconomy agenda. In what can be described as conservative ecological modernization, there is some reflexivity regarding environmental issues but also an effort to maintain (unequal) social and political structures. Significant agribusiness dominance does not bode well for smallholder farmers, food diversity or natural ecosystems, as major drivers of deforestation and land-use change (e.g., soy plantations, cattle ranching) gain renewed economic and political stimulus as well as greater societal legitimacy under the bioeconomy umbrella.
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Ridwan, Muhamad, Faroby Faletehan, and Anna Fariyanti. "Strategy for Improving The Quality of Education Through Special Allocation Funds (DAK) Physical Education of Lebak District, Banten Province." JURNAL MANAJEMEN AGRIBISNIS (Journal Of Agribusiness Management) 9, no. 01 (June 12, 2021): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jma.2021.v09.i01.p05.
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The Special Allocation Fund (DAK) for physical education is a fiscal decentralization with the aim of avoiding imbalance in junior high school infrastructure facilities in Lebak Regency. As an area close to the national capital, the state of junior high school facilities and infrastructure is far from the feasibility standards set by the Ministry of Education and Culture. however, the distribution of DAK for physical education each year is not used optimally and leaves a budget. The purpose of this study was to analyze the conditions of infrastructure and teaching staff at junior high schools and teaching staff in accordance with applicable standard, and determine strategies for improving the quality of education through physical education DAK in Lebak Regency. The method used is descriptive analysis using the conformity of Regulation of the Minister of National Education of the Republic of Indonesia No. 16 of 2007 and Regulation of the Minister of National Education of the Republic of Indonesia No. 24 of 2007 and analytical network process (ANP). The results of this study indicate that the educational facilities and infrastructure as well as teaching staff at the junior high school level in Lebak Regency are not in accordance with the standard. While the results of the analytical network process (ANP) on alternative policies for verification of DAPODIK's accurate data (0.433), Making Legal Umbrella for the Technical Implementation of DAK Fiscal (0.256), Institutional (0.322), Dapodic Operators (0.124), there is no legal umbrella for implementing DAK for education ( 0.305).
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Meglio, Olimpia. "Towards More Sustainable M&A Deals: Scholars as Change Agents." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 18, 2020): 9623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229623.
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Mergers and acquisitions have significantly contributed to making the world globally connected, providing benefits from globalization through acquisition waves. Along with benefits, acquisitions have also accentuated many sustainability and responsibility issues that are central to both public discourse and global policies. Nonetheless, acquisition and sustainability research have evolved separately, as scholars have left sustainability and responsibility topics at the margin of the acquisition discourse. This impacts the ability of academics to affect practice through teaching by restricting available information. Scholars are important change agents for making more sustainable deals through their research, teaching, and public engagement. I specifically focus on research as it permeates both teaching and public engagement. I focus my analysis on five intertwined issues—long term orientation, stakeholder lens, linguistic turn, umbrella constructs, and the engaged scholarship research approach—that may conjointly foster such a change.
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Antonio, Katrien, Edward W. Frees, and Emiliano A. Valdez. "A Multilevel Analysis of Intercompany Claim Counts." ASTIN Bulletin 40, no. 1 (May 2010): 151–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ast.40.1.2049223.
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AbstractIt is common for professional associations and regulators to combine the claims experience of several insurers into a database known as an “intercompany” experience data set. In this paper, we analyze data on claim counts provided by the General Insurance Association of Singapore, an organization consisting of most of the general insurers in Singapore. Our data comes from the financial records of automobile insurance policies followed over a period of nine years. Because the source contains a pooled experience of several insurers, we are able to study company effects on claim behavior, an area that has not been systematically addressed in either the insurance or the actuarial literatures.We analyze this intercompany experience using multilevel models. The multilevel nature of the data is due to: a vehicle is observed over a period of years and is insured by an insurance company under a “fleet” policy. Fleet policies are umbrella-type policies issued to customers whose insurance covers more than a single vehicle. We investigate vehicle, fleet and company effects using various count distribution models (Poisson, negative binomial, zero-inflated and hurdle Poisson). The performance of these various models is compared; we demonstrate how our model can be used to update a priori premiums to a posteriori premiums, a common practice of experience-rated premium calculations. Through this formal model structure, we provide insights into effects that company-specific practice has on claims experience, even after controlling for vehicle and fleet effects.
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Blinkoff, Elias. "Helping Students Read to Achieve: The Past, Present, and Future of Educational Policies on Dyslexia." #CritEdPol: Journal of Critical Education Policy Studies at Swarthmore College 1, no. 1 (2016): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24968/2473-912x.1.1.5.
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Developmental dyslexia is among the most common neurobehavioral disorders in children, affecting approximately 8.5 million students across the United States (Bipartisan Congressional Dyslexia Caucus, 2015). Despite its prevalence as a language disorder characterized by impaired reading ability, researchers have struggled to define dyslexia, contributing to variability across state-level educational policies on dyslexia and preventing students with the disorder from being identified, and ultimately receiving appropriate intervention services. Although federal policies have indicated greater recognition of dyslexia over time, continued use of the term “specialized learning disability (SLD)” in those policies as an umbrella term for students with dyslexia and other learning disabilities may subject students with dyslexia to educational interventions that are not specific to their disorder, jeopardizing their educational achievement. Three federal policy recommendations are presented here to support the needs of students with dyslexia. First, the recent passage of the Research Excellence and Advancements for Dyslexia Act (READ Act) is commendable, but policymakers should ensure that dyslexia is recognized beyond the category of “specific learning disability.” Next, the Bipartisan Congressional Dyslexia Caucus should support development of a best practices guide for educators that bridges dyslexia research and practice. Finally, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act should be amended to ensure America’s predominant special education law recognizes and addresses the needs of students with dyslexia. Collectively, these recommendations should help identify and support students with dyslexia across the United States by recognizing their unique educational needs, allowing them to read and achieve in the classroom and beyond.
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Ashfaq, Ayesha, Saba Ijaz, and Savera Shami. "Drawing the Foreign Rivalry: Depiction of Indo-Pak Relations in Political Cartoons of Mainstream Pakistani and Indian English Newspapers (2014-2017)." Global Regional Review IV, no. I (March 31, 2019): 8–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2019(iv-i).02.
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Political cartoons play a significant role in the image construction of nations on the basis of foreign policies and relationships. Therefore, this paper is an attempt to examine the treatment of English newspapers of Pakistan and India to portray the Indo-Pak relationship in their political cartoons. This paper also analyzes the signs and symbols used to construct images during conflicts. Political cartoons of Dawn, Express Tribune from Pakistan and Times of India and The Hindu from India published June 2014 to July 2017 are selected. The methods of quantitative content analysis and semiotics are applied under the umbrella of framing theory. It concludes that political cartoons follow national interests in both countries with reference to rivalry between India and Pakistan and constructed the image as “we are the best” and “they are the worst”. It also highlights that terrorism is the most depicted issue by the cartoonists of both sides.
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Afzal, Saima, Hammad Raza, and Adeela Manzoor. "Socio-Cultural Causes of Kala Kali (Honour Killing): A Case of Tehsil Jam Pur." Global Regional Review VI, no. I (March 30, 2021): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2021(vi-i).03.
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Pakistani rural people have to face many problems under the umbrella of tribal laws and customs. These cultural norms and tribal laws compel the people to kill their wives, sisters, mothers and daughters in the name of so-called "honour". The major objectives of the study were to explore the socio-cultural causes of kali kali (honor killing) and to see the impacts of kala kali on victim's family. The cases of fourteen victims were studied where the members of victim's family were informants as victims themselves were not available. The result of the present study shows that the lust for money, feudalism, illiteracy and lack of awareness about human rights are the causes of kala kali. It can be reduced by increasing awareness and education. Government should launch some policies like a comprehensive legal awareness program to make people aware of their legal rights.
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Srakar, Andrej. "Internal and External Factors in the Development of a Network Organization in the Arts: Case Study of Društvo Asociacija." Croatian International Relations Review 24, no. 82 (June 1, 2018): 90–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cirr-2018-0011.
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Abstract Network organizations in the arts have recently received substantial discussion in cultural policy research. Yet, very seldom have they been empirically modeled. We analyze development of Društvo Asociacija, the umbrella network of nongovernmental organizations and freelancers in culture and the arts in Slovenia between 2004–2017. Using mediation analysis, we observe two breakpoint periods in the development of the network and explore if they were the effects of internal, organizationally related factors or the mere response to external, macroeconomic changes. Our findings demonstrate the importance of internal decisions of the organization which have a self-standing, but not a mediating effect to the consequences of external factors like financial crises. This has an important consequence for European cultural policies as it shows to which extent network organizations in the arts should be supported directly and to which manner their condition is just a consequence of the changes in their external environment.
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Kumar, Ram, Alok Kumar, and Krishan Kumar. "A Review on the Atmospheric Non Methane Hydrocarbons (Nmhcs) Study in India." Current World Environment 12, no. 2 (August 25, 2017): 278–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.12.2.11.
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This study present extensive review on the atmospheric non methane hydrocarbons for the monitoring technology, source profile, and variability studies which have been done by various researchers at different research and development institutions all over the India. Most of the studies have reported that the concentration level in the urban environment is elevated at alarming level due to vehicular emission, refinery operation, secondary industrial process, LPG leakage and biomass burning. The elevated ambient concentration of NMHCs in an urban environment has a significant impact on climate change and human health. NMHCs levels are to be removed and limit the emission by using newer technology under specific industrial and practical conditions in the present time. This review aims at a summarizing discussion on the entire areas which come underneath the umbrella of NMHCs technologies and helpful to the future researchers and those findings will be helped to the formulate policies and implement for the enhancement of air quality in India.
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Stępień, Adam. "Internal Contradictions and External Anxieties: One ‘Coherent’ Arctic Policy for the European Union?" Yearbook of Polar Law Online 7, no. 1 (December 5, 2015): 249–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2211-6427_011.
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The European Union’s overarching policy towards the Arctic is an umbrella policy of complementary and coordination nature composed of internal, external and foreign policy elements. This article examines the policy framework from the perspective of ‘coherence’. What could a coherent and integrated EU Arctic policy entail – as called for by the Council and the European Parliament? I problematise the notion of coherence and offer an understanding of coherence deemed workable in the context of a regionfocused policy-making. Different dimensions of coherence are discussed: internal (lack of contradictory objectives), institutional (coherence between EU institutions), vertical (between the EU and its member states) and external (interaction with other Arctic actors). A number of interrelated contradictions or dichotomies are identified with focus on: Circumpolar versus European Arctic, maritime and terrestrial, internal and external, environmental and developmental goals. There is also a tension between the eagerness to adjust to narratives prevalent in the Arctic – owing to the anxiety of Arctic actors regarding the EU’S presence – and the need to respond to internal voices and retain EU values. While coherence as an ideal goal is a necessary principle of policymaking, its practical application may be counterproductive to a cross-cutting policy field, unless the meaning of ‘coherence’ is specified. I argue that the umbrella Arctic policy should be characterised by procedural rather than outcome coherence. That includes developing and maintaining durable mechanisms for dialogue with Arctic partners, management of the impact of EU policies, ongoing identification of gaps, effective internal coordination frameworks, and modes of continued involvement in Arctic governance structures. The Arctic policy could provide input into general EU decision-making processes, especially if inconsistencies are revealed. Institutional setting with a less dominant role of services focused on maritime and external aspects should be considered.
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Grabovac, Igor, Nicola Veronese, Sinisa Stefanac, Sandra Haider, Sarah E. Jackson, Ai Koyanagi, Michael Meilinger, et al. "Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Diverse Physical Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Meta-analyses of Observational Studies." Clinical Infectious Diseases 70, no. 9 (August 11, 2019): 1809–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz539.
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Abstract Background Our aim was to assess both the credibility and strength of evidence arising from systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies and physical health outcomes associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but not acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Methods We performed an umbrella review of observational studies. Evidence was graded as convincing, highly suggestive, suggestive, weak, or nonsignificant. Results From 3413 studies returned, 20 were included, covering 55 health outcomes. Median number of participants was 18 743 (range 403–225 000 000). Overall, 45 (81.8%) of the 55 unique outcomes reported nominally significant summary results (P < .05). Only 5 outcomes (9.0%; higher likelihood of presence of breathlessness, higher chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD] prevalence, maternal sepsis, higher risk of anemia, and higher risk of all fractures among people living with HIV [PLWHIV]) showed suggestive evidence, with P values < 10–3; only 3 (5.5%; higher prevalence of cough in cross-sectional studies, higher incidence of pregnancy-related mortality, and higher incidence of ischemic heart disease among PLWHIV in cohort studies) outcomes showed stronger evidence using a stringent P value (<10–6). None of the unique outcomes presented convincing evidence (Class I), yet 3 outcomes presented highly suggestive evidence, 5 outcomes presented suggestive evidence, and 37 outcomes presented weak evidence. Conclusions Results show highly suggestive and suggestive evidence for HIV and the presence of a cough, COPD, ischemic heart disease, pregnancy-related mortality, maternal sepsis, and bone fractures. Public health policies should reflect and accommodate these changes, especially in light of the increases in the life expectancy and the incidence of comorbidities in this population.
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Khan, Mohd Danish, Sonam Shakya, Hong Ha Thi Vu, Ji Whan Ahn, and Gnu Nam. "Water Environment Policy and Climate Change: A Comparative Study of India and South Korea." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (June 14, 2019): 3284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123284.
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Climate change is considered to be a potential cause of global warming, which leads to a continuous rise in the global atmospheric temperature. This rising temperature also alters precipitation conditions and patterns, thereby causing frequent occurrences of extreme calamity, particularly droughts and floods. Much evidence has been documented by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, illustrating fluctuations in precipitation patterns caused by global climate change. Recent studies have also highlighted the adverse impact of climate change on river flow, groundwater recovery, and flora and fauna. The theoretical political approach and scientific progress have generated ample opportunities to employ previously allusive methods against impacts caused by varying climatic parameters. In this study, the current state of India’s water environment policy is compared with that of South Korea. The “3Is”—ideas, institutions, and interests—which are considered pillars in the international field of political science, are used as variables. The concept of “ideas” highlights the degree of awareness regarding climate change while formulating water environment policy. Here, the awareness of India’s management regarding emerging water issues related to climate change are discussed and compared with that of South Korea. The concept of “institutions” illustrates the key differences in water environment policy under the umbrella of climate change between both countries within the associated national administrations. India’s administrations, such as the Ministry of Environment, Forests, and Climate Change; the Ministry of Water Resources, River Development, and Ganga Rejuvenation; the Ministry of Rural Development; and the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, are used as a case study in this work. Finally, the concept of “interest” elaborates the prioritization of key issues in the respective water environment policies. Common interests and voids in the policies of both countries are also briefly discussed. A comparison of India’s water environment policies with that of South Korea is made to expose the gaps in India’s policies with respect to climate change, thereby seeking to identify a solution and the optimal direction for the future of the water environment policy of India.
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Cornwell, S., and N. Fejzic. "(A183) Umbrella” in a Small, Developing Country - A Case Report on Pandemic Influenza Preparedness in Bosnia and Herzegovina." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s51—s52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11001798.
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Cooperation between veterinary and public health authorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina and their respective field services has historically been weak and inefficient. As is the case in many countries, animal health and public health fall under separate ministries with animal health the responsibility of the ministry of agriculture and public health the ministry of health. This model has promoted interagency competition for funding for disease surveillance and control. It has also resulted in poor information exchange, lack of efficient utilization of diagnostic resources, and poor harmonization of policies. Political decentralization, established in Bosnia after the Dayton peace agreement, resulted in the lack of a national-level responsibility for animal or public health. This was instead placed at mid-governmental levels. A state (national) veterinary office was created in 2000, but there still remains no national public health agency. The H5N1 Avian Influenza (AI) outbreak which began in Southeast Asia in 2003 and reached Europe in 2005 raised concerns about Bosnia and Herzegovina's (BiH) preparedness to combat pandemic disease. Accordingly, the state (national) veterinary service of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) conducted exercises which resulted in increased monitoring of wild and domestic bird populations and the drafting and adoption of a contingency plan (CP) for AI. The activities prescribed by the CP were implemented in February 2006 when the H5N1 virus was diagnosed in wild swans. However, no cooperation was established with public health authorities during this incident, further underscoring the need for a one health approach to disease control activities. Adoption of the One Health concept is challenging, and there is no simple plan that can be applied across all cultures. To prevent it from simply existing as an idealistic theory, some revision is needed and practical guidelines must be developed. The authors will include suggestions as to how this might be achieved.
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Raqib, Muhammad Abdur. "‘Safeguarding Islam’ in modern times: Politics, piety and Hefazat-e-Islami ‘ulama in Bangladesh." Critical Research on Religion 8, no. 3 (August 25, 2020): 235–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050303220952869.
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Within Muslim communities, the ‘ulama are considered the most crucial corporate social agency that drives the ideological and spiritual energy to the members of the society who find religious teachings necessary for their individual and social, if not always political, lives. However, when the ‘ulama of Bangladesh gathered under the umbrella platform of Hefazat-e-Islam (HI) in 2010, agitated by the numerous upheavals of the government’s policies (which they argued were contrary to the teachings of the Qur’ān and Sunna), scholars and members of the civil society often dubbed them as regressive, reactionary, and insensitive to modern changes. While anthropologists have challenged this dichotomy, this article aims to understand the HI ‘ulama’s views on modern changes and how the ‘ulama safeguard the traditional integrity in legal, educational, and gender aspects within the domain of the Bangladeshi state mechanism. Based on anthropological notions of tradition and piety, this article argues that the ‘ulama’s position on education, woman, and legal questions is neither monolithic nor static; rather there is always discussion, debate, and dynamism within the ‘ulama itself.
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Klímová-Alexander, Ilona. "The Development and Institutionalization of Romani Representation and Administration. Part 3b: From National Organizations to International Umbrellas (1945–1970)—the International Level." Nationalities Papers 35, no. 4 (September 2007): 627–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990701475079.
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This article is the fourth in this Nationalities Papers series, following Part 1 which covered the period from the arrival of Gypsies to Europe until the mid-nineteenth century, Part 2 describing the birth of the first modern Romani organizations from the nineteenth century up until the Second World War (WWII) and Part 3a covering the first wave of expansion of Romani activism countrywide after 1945. As mentioned in Part 3a, the period between WWII and 1970 can be distinguished from the previously covered periods by the emergence of the following phenomena: (1) modern Romani political organizations at the national level, (2) their unification through international Romani umbrella organizations, (3) some limited Romani participation in non-Romani mainstream political or administrative structures, (4) an international Romani evangelical movement, (5) reconciliation between Romani political representation and the Catholic Church, (6) national institutions created by various governments to aid the administration of policies on Roma, (7) rapid growth of non-governmental organizations addressing Romani issues, and (8) some limited cooperation between Romani organizations and intergovernmental organizations.
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Leach, J. H., and C. A. Lewis. "Fish Introductions in Canada: Provincial Views and Regulations." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48, S1 (December 19, 1991): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f91-314.
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The umbrella legislation governing introductions of fish and fish products to the provinces and territories of Canada is the Fisheries Act of Canada which provides for the making of regulations concerning coastal and inland fisheries. Specific jurisidiction over introductions for fish health reasons is included in the Fish Health Protection Regulations under the Fisheries Act. Most of the jurisdictions have enacted fishery regulations under the federal Fisheries Act which control movement of fish into their territories and between water bodies within their boundaries. Some jurisdictions have additional broad natural resources legislation which includes provision for regulating movement of introduced species. Specific policies concerning introduction issues have been developed in some jurisdictions and are being considered in others. Legislation and compliance efforts to prevent unwanted introductions have not been particularly effective. Recent attention, particularly in the Great Lakes basin, has focused on ballast water introductions with potential for considerable economic and ecologic damage (e.g. Gymnocephalus cernuus, Dreissena polymorpha). Neither federal nor provincial legislation appears to have sufficient scope to prevent or control this class of introductions.
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Galvin, Mary, Avril Kennan, and Éidín Ní Shé. "A design-led framework for engaged research: Using a design approach to understand and place the public at the core of health and social care." Administration 69, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/admin-2021-0018.
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Abstract This paper offers a multi-perspective approach on the role of engaged research in health and social care. Each of the authors focuses on their individual experiences of this domain, from the perspective of an academic partner of the Health Research Board’s PPI Ignite programme, a CEO of an umbrella organisation for health research charities and a researcher in design innovation, focusing on health research. The paper outlines the values which underpin public and patient involvement, as well as examples of its application as engaged research. It details how organisations like Health Research Charities Ireland support and enable engaged research within health and social research and policy. This paper offers a framework for facilitating dialogue and response across all stakeholders in the engaged research process, illustrating the importance of engaged research and how we can further our understanding and application of it within health and social care policy by adopting a design-led approach. We argue that a design-led approach can both facilitate engaged research as well as support policymakers in the design of new policies and practices.
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Lindberg, Marja, Mikael Nygård, and Fredrica Nyqvist. "Risks, coping strategies and family wellbeing: evidence from Finland." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 38, no. 11/12 (October 8, 2018): 1116–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-04-2018-0064.
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Purpose As a member of the Nordic welfare regime, Finland has been acknowledged for its encompassing family policies with high degrees of parental employment and low incidence of poverty. During recent years, however, sluggish growth, high levels of unemployment and recurrent austerity measures have gradually undermined the economic security of families, notably among single-parent and multi-child families, and this has put families under increasing strain and increased the risks of poverty, inequality and other forms of ill-being. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors investigate risks and coping strategies and well-being of Finnish families with children. Family well-being is defined as an umbrella concept covering economic, social or psychological well-being and physical health. The data consist of 22 qualitative semi-structured interviews with parents from the region of Ostrobothnia in Finland and were collected in the winter of 2016–2017. Findings Based on the findings, the authors argue that the risks the families in Finland confront are linked to lower well-being, most notably for families encountering sickness, unemployment or divorce. The findings also show that parents have to employ various coping strategies themselves and that the society’s support is insufficient. Originality/value This paper, thus, contributes to the literature on the effects of austerity policies on families by focussing on the consequences on family well-being, but also on the risks that families face and the coping mechanisms they use for handling with these risks.
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Prachitha, J., Akshay Dhume, and S. Subramanian. "India in Pursuit of Millennium Development Goals: Were the Targets Really Feasible?" Journal of Developing Societies 35, no. 1 (March 2019): 105–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x19826737.
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In recent years, the Indian National Health Mission (NHM) was introduced by the Government of India as an umbrella of health programs to cover reproductive and child health, adolescent health, and selected disease control programs. These programs were given a mandate to accelerate the achievement of the health-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015. Considerable progress toward realizing the MDG objectives has been achieved, especially reductions in infant and child mortality and improvement in measles vaccination coverage (MDG Goal 4), as well as the reduction of maternal mortality and an increase in the number of births attended by skilled personnel (MDG Goal 5). Nevertheless, an overall appraisal of the status of the indicators in 2015 reveals that many of the targets remained to be achieved. The analytical issue explored here is whether the targets were too high to achieve or whether Indian health policies were flawed or too long delayed. This article offers a state-wise analysis of the achievements in health indicators relating to MDGs 4 and 5. The rate of achievement for two time periods, pre-NHM and NHM until 2015, is analyzed here. Our key finding is that most of the targets were indeed infeasible, but that lack of achievement could be attributed to delays in planning; sometimes poor execution of the policies and programs; and to the economic, social, and political disparities within the country. Better organized and more innovative approaches at the state level could improve the realization of vital MDG targets, providing improved public health for all.
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Schlacke, Sabine, and Michèle Knodt. "The Governance System of the European Energy Union and Climate Action." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 16, no. 4 (December 6, 2019): 323–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18760104-01604002.
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On 24 December 2018, the Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 on the governance system of the Energy Union and Climate Action entered into force. The Governance Regulation provides the European Union with a new regulatory regime for renewable energies and energy efficiency. It has the function of an ‘Umbrella Regulation’ which aims at the overarching control of energy and climate policies for the period 2021 to 2030. Its target is to implement the climate protection goals of the Paris Agreement. At the same time, it represents a compromise and compensation for the European Union’s lack of competences in the area of energy supply, especially concerning the determination of the energy mix of the Member States. Despite choosing a Regulation (which applies automatically) as the legislative tool, its steering and sanctioning mechanisms are in this respect rather ‘soft’: The Regulation gives the Member States a wide scope of decision-making. Which goals and instruments are established by the Governance Regulation, which scope of decision making remains at the national level, how Germany exercises its decision making powers and how it should be exercised are key questions addressed in this article.
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Manzoor, Mehwish, Fazal Ahmad, and Muhammad Asghar khan. "ROLE OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT BASED FACTORS ENHANCE SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENT’S PERFORMANCE IN EDUCATION." JUNE 02, no. 01 (June 30, 2021): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.53664/jsrd/02-01-2021-10-96-102.
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The current study was carried out to identify role of education department-based factors enhance secondary school student’s achievement in education. Cross-sectional survey research under the umbrella of descriptive research of quantitative approach was carried out. With the help of a two-stage random sampling technique, sampling was selected. A questionnaire-based on two sections demographic and 3 factors (teaching methodologies, the working routine of teachers, and resources) were comprised of 5-point likert scale developed by researcher. The findings of this study helped the researcher to conclude that students are agreed that they have sufficient resources in their school as its mean value is highest among factors and students achieve satisfactory marks in education and there is positive as well as significant but week correlation between these two variables which highlighted there is the Education who are learning in 10th grade at secondary schools of district Sialkot. There results provide a guideline to policy makers to update policies regraded curriculum implementation, at school level regularly by keeping in mind the student’s needs, potential, and requirements of the present tenure in particular context.
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Crowley-Henry, Marian, Edward P. O'Connor, and Blanca Suarez-Bilbao. "What goes around comes around. Exploring how skilled migrant founder–managers of SMEs recruit and retain international talent." Journal of Global Mobility: The Home of Expatriate Management Research 9, no. 2 (May 4, 2021): 145–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jgm-01-2021-0003.
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PurposeThis micro-level study unpacks the recruitment and retention of international professionals to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The study highlights the influence of the founders' international experience when applying organisational-level (meso) policies and practices. With their insider experience as skilled migrants, we share how the founders in each of the SMEs mobilised career capital into human resource management (HRM) strategies.Design/methodology/approachCombining literature on SMEs and skilled migrants' careers, we draw upon intelligent career theory to illuminate the recruitment and retention of self-initiated expatriates and skilled migrants in SMEs. With three SME case studies as samples–one micro, one small and one medium-sized organisation in Ireland–we consider the influence of the founders' international experience in the design and application of formal and informal HRM strategies (at the organisational level) that are operationalised to recruit and retain international talent to/in these organisations.FindingsThe HRM practices in the three SME cases in this paper, each run by migrant founders, vary from formalised (for our medium-sized organisation), semi-formalised (for our small-sized organisation) to ad hoc and tailor-made (for our micro-sized organisation). These particular SMEs were often more receptive to hiring other migrants. The important role of the three SME case studies' skilled migrant founders and their own international career experiences was apparent in the particular HRM approaches they adopted. The relevance of intelligent career theory when applying micro-level findings at the meso-organisational level is shown.Originality/valueThe paper presents how the international experience of founder–managers, in turn, impacts on the HRM practices and policies that are implemented to recruit and retain international employees. The study highlights how both organisation size and founder-manager international experience influence the degree of customisation of HRM practices and policies in SMEs, specifically pertaining to the recruitment and retention of self-initiated expatriates and skilled migrant employees. The heterogeneity within the sub-categories encompassed under the umbrella label of SME is emphasised; validating our case study approach, where nuance and detail of the specific organisation can be shared.
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García-Gutiérrez, Juan, and Carlos Corrales Gaitero. "Las políticas supranacionales de educación superior ante la «tercera misión» de la Universidad: el caso del aprendizaje-servicio." Revista Española de Educación Comparada, no. 37 (December 27, 2020): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/reec.37.2021.27535.
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The constant transformation that the institutions of higher education experiment and, particularly, the university assumes a re-consideration of their shapes, methodology, and missions, as well as the relationships established with society. Therefore, we shall consider that a “social mission” of the university or their “third mission” constitutes an umbrella that shelters a wide diversity of reflex conceptions, and at the same time, the relationship university – society. Additionally, take into consideration that this civic and social commitment in higher education should incorporate an integrator approach, involved with an idea of European or Latin-American citizenship, in any case, incorporated in the development of their supranational policies. Therefore, the objective of our work is double. On one side, to meet and analyze the notion of a “social mission” or “third mission” of the university and their conceptual network, to clarify the language and in which sense the different denominations are used, according to the different economical, sustainability or civic approaches to be adopted. Secondly, the treatment of these ideas will be addressed at the supranational policies of higher education both in Europe and Ibero America, according to what had been structured at the Higher Education European State and whether it has been promoted by the OEI. Also, it will be attended the way that this supranational policy aboard the civic and identity components, that linked to the social mission cooperate for the promotion of common citizenship. As a result of the analysis made we can affirm that the approach of the learning-service constitutes an emergent tendency on a global scale, appropriate to develop effectively the third mission or social mission of the university.
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Thamrin, Husni. "PENDEKATAN SOSIO-ECO-RELIGIO-CULTURE DALAM MENANGGULANGI KEBAKARAN HUTAN DAN LAHAN." Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan 15, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jil.15.1.p.102-108.
Full textAbstract:
This paper aims: 1. To analyze the factors that cause forest and land fires that often occur throughout the year 2. To analyze the impact of forest and land fires using the Socio-Eco-Religio-Culture approach 3. To provide solutions to the impact of forest and land fires using the Socio- Eco-Religio- Culture approach. The method used is Qualitative Research using Grounded Theory. The results showed: 1. The causes of forest fires also occurred due to several factors, including the existence of investors and communities who cleared land for oil palm, rubber and other plantations by burning forests, extreme weather, peat areas, weak governance from the government, ignorance of local wisdom, indecisive law enforcement agencies. 2. The most severe impact felt by many parties as a result of these fires is smoke haze pollution that disturbs various aspects of life. The disruption of human activities due to forest fires can also affect productivity and income. 3. In making development policies to prevent forest fires, the anthropocentric perspective that exploits many ecological, economic, social, religious and cultural values must be changed to the Socio- Eco-Religio- Culture perspective. It is necessary to reform law enforcement in the management of deep forest fires and create a legal umbrella for preventing and overcoming forest and land outbreaks. It is necessary to socialize the values of the Socio- Eco-Religio- Culture to policy makers, students from an early age to higher education for forest fire prevention. It is necessary to implement a socio-eco-religio-culture approach in making policies to control forest and land fires.