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Mitchell, Richard Charles. "The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child in postmodernity : a grounded systemic analysis of children's rights educational policies in Scotland and Canada." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21461.
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As a contribution towards the UN Decade for Human Rights Education (1995-2004), this qualitative, comparative policy study investigated the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) within the Scottish and Canadian educational systems. The researcher adopted an inductive, grounded methodology which is argued to be most congruent when building theory is the chief aim (Glaser and Strauss, 1967; Glaser, 2005). During 20 months of fieldwork, 50 key informant interviews were obtained in Geneva, New York, Scotland and Canada. The author contends that postmodern thinking has contributed much towards contemporary childhood research, yet an underlying deconstruction of the CRC constrains theoretical development. To address this breakdown of overarching leitmotifs within the social sciences (Esping-Andersen, 2000), the sociology of human rights is utilised as a conceptual framework (Luhmann, 1965, 1982, 1997; Q'Byrne, 2003; Verschraegen, 2002). Furthermore, through the integration of grounded and autopoietic coding (Glaser, 2005), the interview texts revealed six thematic categories that contradict dominant theoretical approaches in the child rights literature. While descriptive and comparative analyses revealed the study's core category of participation, an interpretive analysis further yielded its core distinction of power. The author argues that Scottish efforts to implement the CRC within educational policies are more widespread than any of those currently underway within Canadian jurisdictions (Mitchell, 2002, 2003a, b). Finally, a grounded systemic child rights model developed from the study's methodological and epistemological integration illustrates how CRC knowledge and power are balanced within and across educational systems (Mitchell, 2005).
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Khan, Muhammad Mumtaz Ali. "Property, Object of Protection or Subject of Rights ? : journey towards the Best Interests of the Child : implementing UN Convention on the Rights ot fhe Child in Pakistan, France and UK." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0059.
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Madsen, Diana. "JUVENILE JUSTICE AND THE UN CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD : A Qualitative Content Analysis on the example of the Russian Federation." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för kriminologi (KR), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-36941.
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This paper analyses the child rights and juvenile justice system in the contemporary Russian Federation as one of the member countries, that adopted the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989. The choice of the researched country is based on the fact, that Russia is one of the few countries in the world, that has adopted a system of juvenile justice and particularly, the juvenile court as an executive juvenile legal authority, that is primarily addressed to the facilitation of child rights and its compliance to the Convention. The paper provides a qualitative content analysis on the juvenile justice and the child rights in Russia, formed in the sequential themes, in which the child rights are compiled and discussed. The results of this paper show how the juvenile justice system is developed in Russia and which advantages/disadvantages it has, as well as what are the new themes in the Russian legislation on the child rights. Therefore, these results are relevant to the field of criminology, in order to conduct future research on the child delinquency, juvenile victimology and other related areas. Thus, an important aspect of this research is to underline a need in the further research in child rights protection, specifically becoming not only as an international obligation, but a national one for all of the countries. The analysis of this paper can serve as the basis for subsequent scientific research and thereby, to contribute to the new solutions of problems associated with the realization of the child rights and their protection.Madsen, D. Juvenile Justice and the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. A qualitative content analysis on the example of the Russian Federation. Degree project in Criminology 15 Credits. Malmö University: Faculty of Health and Society, Department of Criminology, 2020
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Robach, Elin, and Éponine Sandkvist. "Barnkonventionen och förskolors likabehandlingsplaner : En kvalitativ studie om de fyra huvudprinciperna." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-93043.
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The aim of this thesis is to examine how the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child is incorporated in theplans for equal treatment in Swedish preschools. The four main principles in the convention, including articles2, 3, 6 and 12 make the lens through which the analysis is conducted. Article 2 is about each child’s right toenjoy the rights of the convention without discrimination of any kind, whilst article 3 states that the best interestof the child shall always be the primary consideration. Article 6 ensures every child the right to life, survival anddevelopment whilst article 12 is about every child's right to be heard and the views of the child being given dueweight in accordance with the age and maturity.43 different plans for equal treatment make up the studies' empirical data and they are analysed through ahermeneutic approach. The result shows a clear overrepresentation of articles 2 and 12 in the data, which isconsistent with the contents of the regulatory documents for Swedish preschool. Article 3 is nearly absent fromthe plans, while article 6 is featured only in regard to the right to development.
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Lindström, Josephine. "FN:s barnkonvention : Demokratins positiva inverkan på staters implementering av barnkonventionen. Fallet Nigeria." Thesis, University of Kalmar, School of Human Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-2256.
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Even though many states have ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and sworn to protect human rights, viloations occur every day both in developed and developing countries. United Nations gave Sweden critique for not implementing the Convention conrerning article 11, which raises the question how respected the Convention is amongst other states? Does democracy contribute to a higher level of implementation?
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Ndure, Mariama, and Lisa King. "A qualitative study exploring care leavers' transition experiences from care to independency." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och kriminologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-30298.
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The aim of this study was to explore care leavers' experiences to independency after being discharged from public care. The study explored the services provided for young adults who have left public care and how they perceived the support provided for them during their transition and after. The study has also an interest on the care leavers' rights according to the UN Convention on the Rights of a Child. A qualitative study approach was used to collect data, due to the focus on the interpretation of the care leavers' experiences and to get in-depth information and descriptions about their experiences and perspectives. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four participants who have left care. Moreover, the findings show that the participants were disadvantaged in many areas during their transition and the support received were limited. From the findings, the care leavers were lacking stability, encouragement and both emotional and adequate practical support after being discharged from care.
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Englundh, Elizabeth. "Folkrätt för barn som pedagogiskt åtagande : Statligt ansvar - regionalt lärande?" Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Pedagogiska institutionen, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7312.
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This thesis focuses on the problem of learning processes in an organization that has decided to implement the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). It is based on an assumption that there is interdependency between learning about the CRC and its implementation. The aim is to understand the conditions for individual learning and group learning in the organization. The empirical material consists of 52 interviews, notes and written material from the UN, the Swedish government, and regional levels. The research design is qualitative and the method used is abduction and retroduction. Sensitizing concepts have also been used. The regional context is a county council which has decided to implement the CRC by educating a "pilot-group", and whose task will be to integrate the CRC in the organization. The theoretical frame is mainly constructivistic; learning is an "inside-out" process. It is the individual who does the learning, but these individuals meet in the pilot-group and create knowledge based on their own experiences. The most significant results point out that learning about the CRC is a prerequisite for implementation. Once the individuals have learned about the CRC and how to understand and interpret its implicantions, they also know what has to be done in the administration in order to speed upp and secure implementation. Other important results show how the individuals act depending on to their position in the organization. The administration directors show passive resistence by not including the question on the agenda. The operations managers show active resistence by not taking the CRC into consideration in their contracts "because then you have to show what you have accomplished".
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Blaisdell, Caralyn Beth. "Young children's participation as a living right : an ethnographic study of an early learning and childcare setting." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22922.
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My doctoral research has explored how young children’s participation was put into practice—how it was ‘lived’ and negotiated—in the context of one early learning and childcare setting. The concept of children’s participation is rooted in large part in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), which enshrines children’s right to express their views and have those views taken into account. However, young children’s participation rights are often overlooked. The more prominent discourse about young children has been one that focuses on early childhood as a preparatory period of life, in which adults must intervene and shape children’s development. My research has therefore focused on child-adult relationships within the early childhood setting, looking at how young children and early childhood practitioners ‘lived’ children’s participation and negotiated the tensions and challenges that arose for them. To carry out the research, I used an ethnographic methodology to study one fieldwork site in depth. ‘Castle Nursery’ was an early learning and childcare setting in Scotland, where practitioners professed to work in participatory ways with young children. The long-term nature of ethnography allowed me to observe how children’s participation was lived and negotiated at Castle Nursery over an eight-month period of fieldwork. The research found that practitioners challenged adult-led, ‘schoolified’ practices by foregrounding young children’s knowledge and contributions to the setting. Children’s participation was embedded into play-based pedagogy at Castle Nursery, with practitioners organising time and space to allow young children a great deal of influence over their daily experiences. Rather than planning adult-led learning activities, practitioners instead cultivated a rich learning environment for children to explore, through free-flow play. The thesis has also highlighted a variety of tensions and challenges that arose. Even at Castle Nursery, where practitioners were proud of the ways their work challenged conventional norms about young children, there were limits to how far practitioners would take a participatory approach. The thesis has particularly highlighted the importance of reflective practices about the ethical dimensions of early childhood practice. Uncertainty seemed to be an inevitable and enduring feature of living young children’s participation.
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Lundin, Daniela, and Amanda Larsson. "Inkorporering av FN:s konvention om barnets rättigheter. : En kvalitativ studie om professionellas inställning och utmaningar inför kommande lagstiftning." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-71455.
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Enligt beslut i riksdagen ska FN:s konvention om barns rättigheter ges ställning som svensk lag 1 januari 2020. Tidigare forskning visar att det råder en oenighet om huruvida en inkorporering av barnkonventionen som lag är bra eller inte. Syftet med studien var att undersöka vad olika professioner som jobbar med barn och unga har för inställning till att barnkonventionen inkorporeras till svensk lag, synen på barnets roll samt vilka utmaningar de upplever finns när det gäller att följa barnkonventionen. Studien är kvalitativ och grundar sig på sex intervjuer med olika professioner som arbetar med barn och unga. Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkt är systemteori och socialkonstruktivism. Ur intervjuerna framkom tre teman: En förändringsprocess, rättighetsbärare i beroendeställning och tillämpningens komplexitet. Studien visar att en inkorporering av barnkonventionen är en förändringsprocess där professionerna har en positiv inställning till att stärka barns rättigheter men åsikterna kring om barnkonventionen som lag är det bästa tillvägagångssättet är tudelade. Barnet ses som en rättighetsbärare samtidigt som det befinner sig i en beroendeställning i ett vuxenorienterat samhälle. Att följa barnkonventionen är en komplex utmaning där samverkan mellan lagstiftning, myndigheter och samhället behöver förstärkas för att tillgodose barns rättigheter. Sammantaget visar studien att barnet har en central roll som rättighetsbärare där en förändringsprocess är nödvändig samtidigt som tillämpningen är komplex då barnet hamnar i en beroendeställning gentemot vuxna, myndigheter, lagstiftning och samhället.The Swedish government decided to introduce the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) into Swedish law on January 1, 2020. Previous research shows different opinions about turning CRC into Swedish law. The purpose of the study was to investigate different professions’, who are working with children and adolescents, opinions of incorporating CRC into Swedish law, their view of the child’s role as well as challenges they see with complying with CRC. The study is qualitative and is based on six interviews with different professions working with children and adolescents. The theoretical basis of the study is system theory and social constructivism. The study's analysis resulted in three themes: Process of change, rights carrier in deprivation and complexity of application. The study shows that an incorporating of CRC is a process of change there professional´s have a positive attitude towards strengthening children's rights, but their views on whether CRC as a law is the best approach or not are unclear. The child is seen as a rights carrier while it is in a deprivation position in an adult-oriented society. Adhering to CRC is a complex challenge in where cooperation between law, government and society needs to be strengthened to accommodate children's rights. Overall, the study shows that the child has a central role as a rights carrier, where a change process is necessary while the application is complex when the child is in a state of dependence towards adults, authorities, legislation and society.
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Kvist, Martin. "A Swedish project in India: An implementation study." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26169.
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The purpose with this paper is to study potential enabling and preventing factors when introducing a Swedish project in India. I have introduced a Swedish projecin India. The project aims to strengthen young men's self-esteem and to discuss respect, equality and children rights. The basis for the project is the UN convention on the rights of the child. The project was introduced ten university students. These university students were trained in conversation methods and wilimplement discussion meetings with young guys. I have studied the implementation process and conducted interviews with the participants. The aim with this paper was to gain a deeper insight into how best to implement a Swedisproject in India. The result shows that implementation process is complicated, buthat the implementation of a Swedish project in India is more than possible.
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Anyikame, Hans Awuru. "The role and effect of small arms in the recruitment of child soldiers in Africa: can the international law be strengthened?" Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5815_1365584973.
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It is an unfortunate and cruel reality that both government and armed groups used child soldiers during armed conflict. Child soldiers have become an integral part of government forces as well as insurgent groups in Africa and elsewhere. Most of them are being exploited as combatants, while others perform functions, such as porters, spies who are able to enter small spaces, cooks, messengers, lookouts, and even suicide bombers. Some of the most disturbing aspects of child soldiering are that some of them are being forced to kill or are themselves killed, sexually abused and are exposed to drugs. The use of child soldiers in conflicts is not a recent phenomenon and has indeed become a common practice that characterises modern conflicts. Recruitment is usually carried out forcefully or voluntarily by both government and rebel forces. The difference between these two types of recruitment is not always clear since their decision to join is always influenced by external factors. Examples of such reasons for voluntary recruitment include the desire to revenge, adventure, peer pressure, and need for belonging and survival. Concerning the reason for survival, some argue that, the children do not actually choose freely to become combatants, but are rather forced by circumstances. There are numerous reasons for the continuous targeting of children by armed forces and armed groups. These include shortage of combatants, the fact that children are easy to train physically and psychologically, and also that children are obedient and are readily available. The recruited children are compelled to take part in brutal induction ceremonies, where they are threatened and forced to kill or witness the killing of someone they know.
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Bergström, Emma, and Lindman Victoria Eskilsson. "Finns det utrymme för barns delaktighet? : En kvantitativ vinjettstudie om barns delaktighet i utredningsärenden." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-86225.
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The aim of this study was to investigate how organizational and child-related factors, as well as the general approach, affect the child's participation and the extent to which children are involved in the child protection agency child care investigations. Based on the following questions, the study investigated to which extent, and in which way, children are involved in investigations: 1. To what extent and in what way are children involved in the Swedish child protection agency? 2. How are children's involvement affected of child-related factors? 3. How are children's involvement affected of organizational factors? The result has been analyzed based on Michael Lipsky's Street-level-bureaucracy (2010), in addition, Harry Shier`s (2001) participation ladder has also been used. The result showed that most of social workers considered that the factors of time, workload, competence development and staff density affects children's participation. Drawing on the answers from the study, we conclude that there is generally a high level of participation within the Swedish child protection agency. Children hold a significant place in social welfare investigation cases, although social workers could involve them to a greater extent in the decision making process.
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Åström, Elisabeth. "Barns röst och delaktighet i kommunalpolitiken." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Social Work, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7286.
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A qualitative study is presented concerning children’s participation in the local decisionmaking in Swedish municipalities. The study also aims at finding out what are considered to be successful factors and obstacles connected to the implementation of children’s participation in local decision-making. The study contains a summary of the convention on the rights of the child, focusing on article 12, as well as previous research findings concerning children’s participation and factors enabling respectively hindering participation. Method has been interviews with a purposive sample of politicians, civil employees and children from municipalities regarded as prominent in their work with children’s participation. Either through a formal or informal implementation model. The results have been analysed in the light of Roger Hart’s eight-step “ladder of children’s participation“, where position one is considered Manipulation from adults and position eight is Child-initiated and shared decisions with adults. The results show that the investigated municipalities are considering the voice of the children in the local decision-making. Depending on different variables in focus, the position on Hart’s ladder varies between four and seven. The study concludes that successful implementation of children’s participation in local decision-making commands parallel work with organizational structures, systematic and adult’s attitudes.
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Assim, Usang Maria. "Understanding kinship care of children in Africa: a family environment or an alternative care option?" Thesis, University of Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3476.
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Doctor Legum - LLDIn Africa generally, orphaned and vulnerable children are traditionally cared for by their relatives or close family friends; this is an abiding practice even in contemporary times. This was historically considered to be a moral obligation binding on different relatives in different ways or at differing levels. In the face of the increasing complexities and changing demographics in African societies, high levels of poverty and socioeconomic inequalities as well as the incidence of HIV and AIDS, among others, the traditional family continues to undergo structural changes and experience various challenges which make child rearing responsibilities difficult to cope with especially in the context of loss of parental care. Nonetheless, the extended family system still bears the greatest burden in caring for such children, despite the obligation of governments to provide alternative care for children without parental care. The care of children who have become deprived of parental care by other relatives/family members or family friends is generally described as kinship care. This study seeks to examine kinship care against the background of international children’s rights law as encapsulated in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, the United Nations Guidelines on the Alternative Care of Children and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, among others. Thus, this research seeks answers to a number of related research questions such as: Does the international children’s rights framework recognise or provide for kinship care as a measure of alternative care for children deprived of a family environment? What is the history and practice of kinship care in Africa and what are the challenges confronting kinship care in contemporary African societies? What is the relationship between kinship care and the child protection system? And what forms of support are available for kinship care at both the international and national levels? Four main themes are considered in separate chapters of the thesis as follows: the contextual and historical background to kinship care in Africa; the international and regional legal framework on the right to alternative care; the conceptualisation of kinship care as alternative care; and the law and practice of kinship care in selected domestic jurisdictions. South Africa and Namibia are the main focus of this study in the chapter on the status of kinship care at the domestic level. This is mainly because both countries have made some progress in the attempts at (legally) providing for kinship care and addressing some of its attendant challenges, with a particular emphasis on the provision of support for kinship care.
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Gusan, Ana. "L'autonomie de l'enfant en droit international." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0289.
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Le concept d’ « autonomie de l’enfant » n’est pas pleinement approprié par l’ordre juridique international. Ce fait est dû à la nature vulnérable traditionnellement octroyée à l’enfant et à la confusion conceptuelle avec l’autonomie personnelle valable pour l’adulte. Cependant, la Convention des droits de l’enfant de 1989 est le premier instrument international qui permet de contredire ces préjugés. Nous nous proposons, dans cette thèse, de relever la manière dont la CIDE se saisit de cet objet dont le vocable est inconnu aussi bien des travaux préparatoires que de la pratique du Comité des droits de l’enfant. Par conséquent, sa construction conventionnelle objectiviste et volontariste fait progressivement émerger la notion d’ « autonomie de l’enfant » dans l’ordre juridique européen. Cette évolution, certes encore insuffisante, nous invite à réfléchir, d’une manière plus générale, sur les transformations subies et à subir par le droit international lorsqu’il entend s’emparer du concept « autonomie de l’enfant »The concept of "child autonomy" is not fully seized by the international legal order. This is due to the vulnerable nature traditionally granted to the child and the conceptual confusion with the personal autonomy applicable for the adult. However, the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child is the first international instrument to counter such prejudices. We propose, in this thesis, to observe the way in which the CRC considers this unnamed object both in the preparatory work and in the practice of the Committee on the Rights of the Child. Consequently, its conventional construction, both objectivist and voluntarist, gradually brings the notion of "child autonomy" into the European legal order. This evolution, although still insufficient involves a more general reflection on the transformations undergone and to undergo by international law when it intends to deal with the concept "autonomy of the child"
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Wiberg, Caroline, and Emelie Sjöblom. "Att bemöta, lyssna till och delaktiggöra ungdomar på HVB-hem : En kvalitativ studie ur personalens perspektiv." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-23633.
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When young people are placed in residential care, the staff have a responsibility to ensure that the youth have a safe environment where they can thrive and develop. Residential staff also have responsibilities to ensure the rights of youth during the residential care. This study aims to examine how staff consider themselves to treat the youth in residential care. Furthermore the study aims to examine how the staff consider themselves to ensure youth their right to be heard and have an impact on their own lives, in agreement with Article 12 of the UN convention on the rights of the child (CRC). A qualitative method has been used in order to answer the study's purpose and issues. Five interviews were conducted with residential staff, four of which were environmental therapists and one who was a manager. The results show that the staff consider themselves to respond well to the youth, however, a good treatment is difficult to define and therefore hard to achieve. Furthermore, it appears that the knowledge about children’s rights varies among the staff, which can have negative effects on how they manage to reassure youth their rights to be heard and have an impact on their own lives, in agreement with Article 12 of the CRC.
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Zetterman, Linda. "Men varför gjorde du inget? : En vetenskaplig essä om orosanmälningar kopplat till barns rättigheter." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-43870.
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The dilemma is a self-perceived experience of a child who does not have his needs respected and met. This puts me as an educator to be put in situations where I need to analyze the event and the needs of everyone involved from different perspectives. The purpose and dilemma of this essay is to focus on my role as an educator but also as an adult in the preschooler's life and what impact this can have based on a self-perceived situation. The thesis deals with the collaboration between preschool and social services and what opportunities there are to support children who live in insecure and deficient conditions. The essay discusses what knowledge there is about reports of anxiety, when they are justified, who decides on them and what consequences they can have for the child. One focus concerns the collaboration with the social services, another on which criteria need to be met in order to make a report. While I have examined my role as an adult, I have also critically examined the cooperation between various authorities such as the National Agency for Education, the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and preschool, based on literature and research in the field. The essay contributes with a clearer picture of the children's lives in preschool and what conditions affect them and what the political form of government has for the impact on the activities in preschool. Finally, I also reflect on the various governing documents as both a support and a limitation.Dilemmat är en egenupplevd händelse där ett barn inte får sina behov respekterade och tillgodosedda. Detta försätter mig som pedagog att sättas i situationer där jag behöver analysera händelsen och alla inblandades behov ur olika perspektiv. Syftet och dilemmat med denna uppsats är att utifrån en självupplevd situation fokusera på min roll som pedagog men också som vuxen i förskolebarnets liv och vilken inverkan denna kan ha. Uppsatsen behandlar samarbetet mellan förskola och socialtjänst och vilka möjligheter som finns för att stödja barns som lever under osäkra och bristfälliga förhållanden. Uppsatsen diskuterar vilken kunskap som finns om orosanmälningar, när de är befogade, vem som beslutar om dem och vilka konsekvenser de kan få för barnet. Ett fokus gäller samarbetet med socialtjänsten, ett annat på vilka kriterier som behöver fyllas för att kunna göra en anmälan. Medan jag har undersökt min roll som vuxen har jag också kritisk granskat samarbetet mellan olika myndigheter som Skolverket, FN:s barnkonvention och förskolan, utifrån litteratur och forskning på området. Uppsatsen bidrar med en tydligare bild av barnens liv i förskolan och vilka villkor som påverkar dem samt vad den politiska styrformen har för påverkan på verksamheten i förskolan. Till sist reflekterar jag även över de olika styrdokumenten som både ett stöd och en begränsning.
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Hedman, Wendela. "Bör Barnkonventionen bli lag i Sverige? : En komparativrättslig studie om barnets rättigheter i Sverige och Norge." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-225972.
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Abstrakt ”Bör barnkonventionen bli lag i Sverige? – En komparativrätts-lig studie on barnets rättigheter genom barnkonventionen i Sverige & Norge” Uppsatsen diskuterar med en komparativrättslig metodik implementeringen och inkorporering av barnkonventionen i Sverige och Norge. I tre steg ämnar uppsatsen att undersöka huruvida barnkonventionen bör implementeras till fullo och göras till svensk lag på samma sätt som Norge har valt att göra.Uppsatsen fokuserar på FN:s barnrättkommittés yttranden kring hur länderna sköter sina åtaganden gentemot konventionen och en jämförelse har gjorts som visar att kommittén generellt sett verkar ge Sverige mer grundläggande kritik vilket indikerar att kommittén anser sig ha större och allvarligare kritik kring Sveriges tillgodoseende av barns rättigheter än kring Norges.Uppsatsen tar också upp domstolsprocessen kring vårdnadstvister där barnet ofta riskerar att hamna i kläm. En jämförelse mellan vårdnadstvister i Sverige och Norge visar att det är väldigt små skillnader mellan ländernas olika problemområden som utgör skillnader i barns rättigheter som direkt kan härledas till det faktum att Norge har inkorporerat barnkonventionen till fullo medans Sverige inte har gjort det.Vidare har uppsatsen gett en inblick i den svenska debatten kring för- och nackdelar med en inkorporering av barnkonventionen i svensk lag och har kommit fram till att en inkorporering överlag bör ge positiva effekter för barns rättigheter.Abstract ”Should the convention on the rights of the child be fully implemented into Swedish law? – a juridical essay on the right of the child through the child rights convention in Sweden and Norway.” This essay discusses in a comparative way the implementation of the convention on the rights of the child in Sweden and Norway. In three steps the comparison has lead the essay to a conclusion on whether Sweden should incorporate the conventions fully or not.The essay focuses on the UN child rights committee ”concluding observation report” on how the countries are managing the rights of the child through the convention. A comparison has been made and it has shown that the committee to some extent is giving more basic recommendations and serious criticism to Sweden. This may lead to a discussion about whether the committee have bigger and more serious concerns about some areas of the Swedish work with the convention rather than the ones in Norway.The essay also brings up the legal process of custody battles where the child is often neglected to some extent and a comparison has been made that shows that there are really very little differences that can be connected to the fact that Norway has a fully implemented child rights convention when Sweden has not.Further on the essay gives an insight into the Swedish debate on pros and cons for an incorporation and comes to the overall conclusion that an incorporation would have a positive outcome on the rights of the child in Sweden.
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Ande, Meseret Kifle. "The right to alternative care of children with disabilities in Ethiopia and South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7651.
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Doctor Legum - LLDThe importance of a nurturing environment on early child development and the central role that a family environment plays to this end are widely recognised. However, most children with disabilities lack family life and parental care and often find themselves disproportionately represented in the category of children that need alternative care arrangements. The limited access to family-based alternative care options for children with disabilities deprived of their family environment is the primary concern of this study. Studies have shown excessive dependence on institutions as a means to provide care for children with disabilities deprived of their family environment, despite the overwhelming evidence on the negative effects of placement in institutions on the development and well-being of children. This contradicts with a number of rights articulated in international and regional standards dealing with the alternative care of children in general, and children with disabilities in particular. This study seeks to examine the extent to which the rights of children with disabilities are respected in the context of alternative care in two jurisdictions in Africa – Ethiopia and South Africa. The two countries are State Parties to the applicable international and regional instruments concerning the alternative care of children with disabilities. These standards include the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. The UN Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children and its principles of ‘necessity’ and ‘suitability’ also offer some guidance.
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Berg, Molly, and Åsa Johannesson. "Barnombud : En kvalitativ studie om att arbeta med barns rättigheter." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke högskola, Institutionen för socialvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-7822.
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Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie är att söka förstå och identifiera barnombudens specifika kunskaper och erfarenheter för att kunna föra en konstruktiv diskussion kring vad detta kan tillföra andra yrkesgrupper som möter barn och unga. Detta genom att undersöka hur barnombud arbetar för att stärka barns rättigheter samt barnombudens reflektioner kring och erfarenheter av detta arbete. Studien baseras på intervjuer med barnombud i civila organisationer som företräder barn i kontakt med sociala välfärdsinstitutioner. Utifrån begrepp som advocacy (företrädarskap) och empowerment samt Harts (1992) delaktighetsstege har intervjuerna tolkats och analyserats. Barnombuden berättar om myndigheter som har svårt att göra barn delaktiga i beslut som rör dem samt om barn och unga som inte får sina rättigheter tillgodosedda. Barnombudens arbete handlar till stor del om att göra barn delaktiga. Detta sker genom att lyssna och skapa tillitsfulla relationer vilket barnombuden menar är en förutsättning för att kunna företräda. Detta relationsarbete kan ses som en del av en empowermentprocess som bidrar till ett ökat självförtroende hos barnen. Barnombuden upplever att det bidrar till att barn inser att deras upplevelser och åsikter betyder något. Barnombuden stärker barns delaktighet i myndighetsprocesser bland annat genom att vara en bro mellan barn och myndigheter där en viktig del är att göra myndighetsinformationen begriplig för barn och unga. Genom barnombudens arbete får barnen även en ökad kunskap och förståelse för sina rättigheter. En av slutsatserna är att även till synes små insatser, som att lyssna och tro på barn och ungas berättelser kan göra stora skillnader för barn och unga. En annan är att det finns en stor efterfrågan på barnombudens arbete som inte motsvarar de befintliga resurserna. Att barnkonvention blir svensk lag kommer sannolikt ha betydelse för barnombudens framtida arbete. Flera av barnombuden menar dock att det behövs mer än att barnkonventionen blir lag för att barns rättigheter ska kunna tillgodoses.This qualitative study aims to understand and identify the children's right workers - advocates - specific knowledge and experiences in order to be able to contribute a creative discussion about what this can bring to other professional groups working with children and young people. This is done by examining how children advocates work to strengthen children's rights as well as their reflections on and experiences of this work. The study is based on interviews with advocates in non-profit organizations representing children in contact with social welfare institutions. The interviews have been analyzed by applying concepts and theories such as advocacy, empowerment and Roger Hart's Ladder of Participation. The advocates tell about authorities having difficulties making children involved in decisions concerning them, and about children and young people who are denied their rights. A vital part of the work of the advocates is about making children involved in decisions that affect their own lives. This is achieved by listening and creating relationships based on trust, which according to the advocates is a prerequisite for advocacy. The work with relationships can be seen as a part of a process of empowerment that gives children increased self-confidence. It also helps the children realize that their experiences and opinions matter. The advocates strengthen children's participation in authority decisions by being a link between children and the authorities. An important part is to make the information from the authorities understandable. Through the advocacy, the children also increase their knowledge and understanding of their rights. One conclusion is that even seemingly small efforts, such as listening and believing in their stories, can make big differences for the children. Another conclusion is that there is a large gap between existing resources and the need for the advocates’ work. The fact that the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child becomes law in Sweden, will probably be of importance for the future work of the advocates. Several of the advocates claim that more must be done to ensure that children's rights are met.
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Borg, Anna-Lena. "Delaktighet och inflytande : ungas definition, erfarenheter och upplevelser." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för psykologi, pedagogik och sociologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-14226.
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The aim of this essay was to try to understand young people's experiences of participation and influence. The purpose has been to define participation and influence with young people's own words, and with the definition as a basis explore young people's experiences of participation and influence. The purpose has also been to seek understanding for young people's experiences of participation and influence by discuss young people's descriptions at different levels. There have been three research questions: How do young people define participation and influence?; Which experiences in life about participation and influence do young people narrate?; How do young people experience participation and influence and how do that come to expression? The first research question was answered by asking (n=13) secondary youth with methodological support of vignettes. The second and the third research question has been answered by collecting young people's narratives on the Internet. The (n=37) narratives were analyzed by support of content analysis and narrative analysis. The result was a definition of participation and influence put together from young people's own defining words. The result also shows that young people's experiences of participated and influence is about both having and not having participation and influence. Young people narrate more often about experiences of not participated and influence. Finally, the result show us that young people's experiences of participation and influence come to expression in three different ways were the young actor's agency has a central role.Den här uppsatsen har handlat om att försöka förstå ungas erfarenheter och upplevelser av delaktighet och inflytande. Syftet har varit att definiera delaktighet och inflytande med utgångspunkt i ungas egna utsagor, samt att med utgångspunkt i definitionen undersöka ungas erfarenheter och upplevelser av delaktighet och inflytande. Syftet har också varit att söka förståelse för ungas upplevelser och erfarenheter av delaktighet och inflytande genom att diskutera ungas beskrivningar på olika nivåer. Tre frågeställningar har undersökts inom uppsatsen: Hur definierar unga delaktighet och inflytande?; Vilka erfarenheter i livet berättar unga om, som handlar om delaktighet och inflytande?; Hur upplever unga att delaktighet och inflytande tar sig uttryck för dem i deras liv? För att besvara den första frågeställningen har (n=13) gymnasieungdomar tillfrågats med stöd av vinjetter. För att besvara den andra och den tredje frågeställningen har ungas (n=37) berättelser på nätet samlats in och analyserats med stöd av innehållsanalys samt narrativanalys. Resultatet har visat på en definition av delaktighet och inflytande som sammanställts utifrån ungas egna definierande ord. Resultatet har också visat att ungas erfarenheter av delaktighet och inflytande handlar om både avsaknad av och upplevd delaktighet och inflytande, det var vanligare att unga beskrev avsaknad i berättelserna. Resultatet har slutligen visat att ungas upplevelser av delaktighet och inflytande tar sig uttryck på tre olika sätt där den unges aktörskap innehar en central roll.
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Tolley, Tamara Rose. "Understanding children's rights." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365523.
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Kilkelly, Ursula. "The child and the European Convention on Human Rights." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263401.
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Laine, Emma, and Christine Nors. "Barnets bästa : En kritisk granskning av förvaltningsrättens bedömningar då ungdomar döms till tvångsvård enligt 3 § LVU samt en analys av tidigare forskning gällande tvångsvårdens effekter på ungdomar." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-16411.
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Denna studie granskar förvaltningsrättens barnperspektiv i sex domstolsbeslut då ungdomar dömts till tvångsvård enligt 3 § LVU. Studien syftar till att granska om förvaltningsrättens bedömningar är rättsäkra genom att analysera om barnperspektivet beaktas i besluten. Studien syftar även till att studera det tidigare forskningsfältet om tvångsvård av unga för att undersöka vilka effekter tvångsvård kan leda till för den unge. Genom en kritisk diskursanalys har domstolsbesluten analyserats utifrån teorier om makt samt barnkonventionens riktlinjer och föreskrifter. Vidare har tidigare forskning analyserats för att studera tvångsvårdens effekter på ungdomarna. Studien visar att tvångsvård kan leda till negativa effekter för ungdomarna. Vidare framkommer det i studien att barnperspektivets mångfacetterade karaktär kommer till uttryck i domstolsbeslutens olika tolkningar och konstruktioner, där rättssäkerheten gällande barnperspektivet har tolkats fått olika ställning i besluten. De olika konstruktionerna av besluten visar att det tycks finnas en problematik med tolkningen av lagtexten i förvaltningsrättens bedömningar och att barnkonventionens föreskrifter inte alltid användas i tillräcklig utsträckning. I beslutens komplexitet får barnet ibland både en objektsstatus och/eller en subjektsstatus. Barnets position under processens gång är därför en central fråga för att säkerställa ett rättssäkert barnperspektiv.This study analyzes the administrative court and if they ensure the “child's perspective” when judging youths to compulsory care. This has been studied by reviewing CRC:s guidelines and if the court follows these guidelines and applicable laws in their decisions. The material that have been analyzed consists of six court decisions concerning youth that are convicted pursuant to 3 § LVU. The study also intends to see what effects compulsory care has on youth. The court decisions are analyzed through a critical discourse analysis based on theories of power. Furthermore, previous research is analyzed relating to the child's best interests and the consequences for youth being placed in compulsory care to see what effects it can lead to. The study has shown that compulsory care can lead to negative effects for the youth and that the child’s perspective has a multifaceted character which is reflected in the court decisions different interpretations and constructions. The various constructions in the decisions have shown that there seems to be some problems with the interpretation of the law and that the CRC's guidelines are not always used sufficiently. The complexity of decisions shows that the child at times is seen as both as an object and/or a subject. The child's position during the process is therefore a key issue to ensure a legally secure child's perspective.
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Smith, Anne Marie. "Translating rights : childhoods and the Convention on the Rights of the Child in Oaxaca City, Mexico." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428205.
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The starting point for this thesis is the acknowledgement of the gap between the rhetoric around children's rights and the reality of children's lives at grassroots level. The purpose of my research is to bring this gap into focus, by exploring the disparities between the multifaceted and fluid nature of children's roles and the ideals and vision encapsulated in the child rights discourse. This thesis argues that normative perceptions of childhood and children's roles, which are embedded in society, lie at the root of this disparity and maintain a clear boundary between childhood and adulthood. These understandings of childhood are at odds with the lived realities of children's lives in Oaxaca, which blur fixed boundaries and challenge normative perceptions of who, what, where and how children should be. This divergence, between perceptions of childhood and real experiences of childhood, raises important considerations for the practical implementation of the CRC at the grassroots level, and is apparent in terms of language and pedagogical methods within institutional approaches to children's rights. Via a discussion of these embedded notions of childhood and adultist approaches to child rights teaching and advocacy, this thesis uncovers a key obstacle to the implementation of the CRC in terms of meaningful knowledge for children in Mexico. Empirical research was carried out in Oaxaca City, Mexico, with two groups of children who were participants in CANICA, a local NGO for street-working children in the city, and with one group of displaced Zapotec children from the region of Loxicha.1 The major focus of my research centres on this latter group; socially marginalised, displaced, and politically active, these children pose a considerable challenge to normative concepts of childhood and children's roles. Moreover, as participants in a political struggle these children do not fit the kind of participation envisaged by the CRC, local NGOs and the wider advocacy around children's rights, thus raising important questions regarding the limits of 'child participation' framed by articles 12 to 15 of the eRe. The field known as the New Sociology of Childhood Games, Jenks and Prout 1998; Qvortrup 1994), together with the international discourse and advocacy of children's rights, provide useful conceptual tools for the research. However, this thesis argues that normative, dichotomous, and largely Northern concepts of childhood are inadequate for the study of children's lives in Southern contexts such as Mexico. A key aim of the thesis is to explore the development of a Latin American sociology of childhood as a possible and more adequate framework for the study of children's lives in this region.
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Cohen, Cynthia Price. "The process of implementation of the convention on the rights of the child /." Online version, 1994. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/31436.
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Gerber, Paula. "From convention to classroom : the long road to human rights education /." Connect to thesis, 2008. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00003989.
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Oresved, Wendela, and Tina Sehati. "”Man tappar bort det här lilla barnet i allt det här.” : En kvalitativ studie om hur socialsekreterare tror att lagstiftningen av Barnkonventionen kan påverka livssituationen för barn som bevittnar eller utsätts för våld i nära relation." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Kriminologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-33389.
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This study is exploring how social workers working for the Social Services in the Stockholm area, experience the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), which has become part of the Swedish law. The Social workers that participated in the study, are working with children that are being abused or witnessing abuse in their home environment. The students of the study focus on how the social workers think the new law can affect them in their work with the children. Furthermore, this study wants to investigate, if the new law can give the social workers a different approach when working. There were six social workers that participated in the study from different Social Service offices within the Stockholm area. The result of the study showed that the social workers were positive towards UNCRC becoming part of the Swedish law, but they illustrated having a low trust in how it will affect them in the practical work. However, collaboration with the welfare system, could make a difference on the children's future. The social workers also explained, that with the right knowledge, they could intercept the abused kids in their home earlier and faster.
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Twum-Danso, Afua Oppong. "Searching for a middleground in children’s rights : the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in Ghana." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2008. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/453/.
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The Convention on the Rights of the Child, adopted unanimously by the United Nations General Assembly in 1989, is the world’s most widely and rapidly ratified international convention. Although it was hoped that the Convention would have an enormously positive impact on all children, this has not happened in many parts of the world for a variety of reasons, including its western bias, which has, hitherto, dominated the debate on children’s rights. However, this universality vs. relativity dichotomy does not help us to protect children on the ground. Hence, it is necessary to move beyond the binary debate relating to the universality and relativity of children’s rights and engage with children’s local realities, which illustrate that there is, indeed, a middle ground in which people live their lives that may facilitate dialogue on children’s rights with local communities. In order to identify this middle ground the thesis focused on eliciting the perceptions of adults and children in two local communities in Accra, Ghana, the first country to ratify the Convention in February 1990, on children’s rights, constructing childhood and the socialization of children and their implications for the implementation of the Convention. Special attention is given to Article 12, which has caused controversy in countries around the world.
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Cardamone, Nicole. "A Promising Approach: The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child as an Instrument to Combat Child Poverty in the United States." Thesis, Boston College, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2015.
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Thesis advisor: M. Brinton LykesMost recent figures indicate that approximately one in five children in the United States is poor (Children’s Defense Fund, 2010; Moore et al., 2009). Thus, the United States ranks considerably below other Northern Hemisphere nations in indices of both child poverty and child well-being (Rainwater & Smeeding, 2003; UNICEF, 2007). Moreover, while the United States has not ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), this treaty has been central in reframing policy and practices towards reducing child poverty in some other Northern Hemisphere nations. Many authors and activists have suggested that US nonratification of this Convention is based on “American exceptionalism.” This paper examines these claims – and counterclaims – and explores, through comparisons with several other Northern Hemisphere nations, how the Convention on the Rights of the Child, if ratified and implemented through US policy and practice, could play a significant part in tackling child poverty in this nation
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2011
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: International Studies Honors Program
Discipline: International Studies
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Jaravani, Motion. "Does the 1951 UN Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees adequately protect refugess from refoulement?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4702.
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Rammule, Lorato Felicity. "International parental child abductions - remedial mechanisms within the African Human Rights System." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/5842.
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The purpose of this research is to look for a legal basis which a parent whose child has been abducted can retrieve his child. The Hague Convention deals with the question of parents who abduct their own children and take them to foreign countries. Discusses to what extent the African Human Rights System can complement the mechanism provided by the Hague Convention. The significance of this study is that it captures a seemingly harmless act for what it truly is.Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2007.
Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Associate Professor John-Jean Barya of the Faculty of Law, University of Makerere, Uganda.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Buenafe, Carol. "In whose best interest?, the Convention on the Rights of the Child and First Nations children." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ62466.pdf.
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AlMatrooshi, Ali Mohammed Juma Majed. "A critical evaluation on combating child sexual abuse and the limitations of international law : a case study of United Arab Emirates." Thesis, Brunel University, 2018. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/16913.
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Child sexual abuse is a heinous crime. It consists of a variety of pernicious practices which include, but are not limited to, online child pornography, rape and incest. Globally, an estimated 15 million female adolescents have been coerced into sex during their lifetime, whilst the figure for boys is unknown.1 In many instances, this crime is perpetrated by those who are closest to the victims. Child victims may be severely traumatised and as a result become dysfunctional members of society. Child sexual abuse harms the very fabric of society and society thus pays a heavy price for continuing to tolerate this crime. As such, as this crime predominantly takes place behind closed doors and victims only very rarely report cases,2 a comprehensive legislative and policy approach must be adopted in order to effectively combat child sexual abuse. Legislators around the world as well as the international community must therefore make combating child sexual abuse a priority. However, the question arises whether there exist difficulties and weaknesses within international law which contribute to the persistent problem of child sexual abuse. Accordingly, this research probes whether international law accords adequate protection to the rights of the children and, if not, whether it fails to adequately protect children from sexual abuse. For this purpose, a detailed examination of relevant UAE laws is undertaken in the form of a case study. It is argued that international law has failed to clearly establish norms and also lacks enforcement mechanisms. The main international instrument, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, fails to determine the age of the child. Instead, it empowers domestic law to do this. Other shortcomings also limit the effectiveness of international law, particularly implementation issues. In the context of the UAE, the fundamental problem is that cultural values entrenched in Islamic criminal and family law have not shown an understanding of the child sexual abuse paradigm. Instead, the honour ideology has been reinforced.
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Townley, Brian Edward. "Children in mandatory detention and Australia's international obligations under 'The Convention on the Rights of the Child' /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09art746.pdf.
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Melchiorre, Angela. "The right balance : The minimum age for marriage and the convention on the rights of the child." Thesis, University of London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536783.
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Collingbourne, Tabitha. "Realising disability rights? : implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in England : a critical analysis." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3904/.
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This thesis is about understandings, how those understandings shape the law and how the law helps to shape those understandings. Its first premise is that law is not neutral: it is formed and functions within a complex and dynamic socio-political context from which it is inseparable. From that premise, the thesis argues that partial understanding of the context in which the law has been formed may result in mis- or partial understandings, and thus mis- or partial application, of the law itself. The argument is made through political discourse analysis of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and implementation in England of Article 19, the right to live independently and be included in the community. The CRPD is seen as emancipatory law, offering a re-description of the world and of disabled people’s place in it, and requiring for its full implementation transformative paradigm change. Whether the Convention-drafters’ hegemonic project succeeds will depend in part on the understandings already circulating in national settings. Turning to the United Kingdom, the thesis identifies resistance on the part of successive governments to international understandings of economic, social and cultural rights, and their consequent invisibility in domestic discourse, as potential barriers to realisation of the CRPD’s emancipatory purpose. The remainder of the thesis investigates the extent to which this mis-understanding currently affects implementation in England of CRPD Article 19. Independent living policy, legislation, decision-making and redress are examined for evidence of CRPD-compatible change. The thesis concludes that the exclusion of international economic, social and cultural rights standards from domestic discourse results in mis- and partial understandings, and thus in mis- or partial application, of Article 19. This in turn undermines implementation of the Convention as a whole, and frustrates its drafters’ purpose in the English domestic sphere.
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Mandlate, Aquinaldo Célio Tomás Samissone. "Assessing the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in Lusophone Africa (Angola and Mozambique)." University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3046.
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Mia, Shanaaz Christine. "The child's voice in the Hague Convention: Does ascertaining the child's view realise the best interests of the child in legal and related proceedings in terms of the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2002. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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Susantijo, Susi. "The impact of the rule of law on the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in Indonesia and Australia /." Susantijo, Susi (2009) The impact of the rule of law on the implementation of the convention on the rights of the child in Indonesia and Australia. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2009. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/1655/.
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This thesis concerns the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (‘the CRC’) in Indonesia: The chasm between theory and practice. Despite the enactment of several laws and regulations aimed at protecting the rights of the child, Indonesia’s implementation of children’s rights remains very limited. The theme of this thesis is that, despite the existence of adequate written laws, a state can fail to achieve an effective implementation of human rights, as exemplified by Indonesia. This thesis will focus on the impact of the rule of law on the holistic well-being of children, a group that Indonesia has acknowledged plays ‘a strategic role’ and is in a ‘unique position [to ensure] the continued existence of the nation’.
The development of the rule of law and its impact on the implementation of the CRC in Indonesia will be compared to Australia, a state where the CRC has been much better implemented. There is an inextricable link between the rule of law and human rights. The prevailing view is that the rule of law does not depend on written laws; the rule of law is more about the extra-legal aspects of a society, such as culture, socio-economic factors and political factors. In the absence of the rule of law, human rights can only be selectively implemented and enforced.
The rights of the child are a global human rights issue, which is particularly pertinent to Indonesia, a nation with a poor record for implementing children’s rights. Children’s rights are well established in international law, largely due to the adoption of the CRC. The CRC has provided the greatest contribution to the field of children’s rights and will serve as the focus of this thesis. Apart from being the most universally ratified human rights convention in history, the CRC expressly recognises a range of children’s rights including civil, political, socio-economic and cultural rights. More importantly, the CRC shifted the responsibility for implementing children’s rights from parents and local communities to State Parties. The CRC is thus an advanced tool for assessing the standard of children’s rights internationally and for implementing change, and will be used to compare the current status of children’s rights in Indonesia and Australia.
Arguably, the issue of children’s rights is complex and the implementation of children’s rights requires a multifaceted approach. This thesis will conclude with recommendations on how Indonesia can move forward to achieve a better implementation of children’s rights.
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edu, susi_susantijo@uph, and Susi Susantijo. "The impact of the rule of law on the implementation of the convention on the rights of the child in Indonesia and Australia." Murdoch University, 2009. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20100331.85228.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis concerns the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (the CRC) in Indonesia: The chasm between theory and practice. Despite the enactment of several laws and regulations aimed at protecting the rights of the child, Indonesias implementation of childrens rights remains very limited. The theme of this thesis is that, despite the existence of adequate written laws, a state can fail to achieve an effective implementation of human rights, as exemplified by Indonesia. This thesis will focus on the impact of the rule of law on the holistic well-being of children, a group that Indonesia has acknowledged plays a strategic role and is in a unique position [to ensure] the continued existence of the nation.
The development of the rule of law and its impact on the implementation of the CRC in Indonesia will be compared to Australia, a state where the CRC has been much better implemented. There is an inextricable link between the rule of law and human rights. The prevailing view is that the rule of law does not depend on written laws; the rule of law is more about the extra-legal aspects of a society, such as culture, socio-economic factors and political factors. In the absence of the rule of law, human rights can only be selectively implemented and enforced.
The rights of the child are a global human rights issue, which is particularly pertinent to Indonesia, a nation with a poor record for implementing childrens rights. Childrens rights are well established in international law, largely due to the adoption of the CRC. The CRC has provided the greatest contribution to the field of childrens rights and will serve as the focus of this thesis. Apart from being the most universally ratified human rights convention in history, the CRC expressly recognises a range of childrens rights including civil, political, socio-economic and cultural rights. More importantly, the CRC shifted the responsibility for implementing childrens rights from parents and local communities to State Parties. The CRC is thus an advanced tool for assessing the standard of childrens rights internationally and for implementing change, and will be used to compare the current status of childrens rights in Indonesia and Australia.
Arguably, the issue of childrens rights is complex and the implementation of childrens rights requires a multifaceted approach. This thesis will conclude with recommendations on how Indonesia can move forward to achieve a better implementation of childrens rights.
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Mohammed, Nishitiman. "A comparative analysis of how the rights of children as set out in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child are made effective through their implementation in Kurdistan/Iraq and the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1569.
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The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child was unanimously adopted in 1989. It was hoped that the Convention would have a positive impact on all children however, despite a country ratifying the Convention and proclaiming to have laws in the interests of children it is still possible for that country to fail in the attempt to implement children’s rights effectively. This can clearly be seen in Kurdistan, Iraq where implementation of children’s rights remains limited. With the continuing violence in Iraq, children’s rights have been somewhat neglected and as with many such situations children are the innocent victims. Ensuring and improving the rights of the next generation of Iraq is vitally important at a time when the country is going through important changes and re-generation. This thesis gives information on the historical background of the UNCRC and looks at its substantive provisions in detail, it then goes on to compare the implementation of children’s rights in Kurdistan and the UK. The thesis highlights methods of implementation in both countries and looks at ways in which some of the Convention’s articles are written into law. The thesis concludes with recommendations on how Kurdistan can move forward to achieve better implementation of children’s rights.
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Tomsson, Viktoria. "The Effectiveness of the Convention on the Rights of the Child : Examined through a legal assessment of Ghana’s implementation of Article 35 concerning Child Trafficking." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-182509.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis is to examine to what extent the Convention on the Rights of the Child may be regarded as an effective instrument for a state’s aim to abolish child trafficking. An underlying aim is to examine what factors make a convention effective in general. The study is conducted through a doctrinal method with a legal sociological perspective, examining the normative aspects of law. In this sense, Ghana’s implementation of Article 35 of the CRC is evaluated, in order to reach the objective of the study. Thus, the Ghanaian legal system constitutes the base upon which the analysis is made. Hereby, the effectiveness of the CRC is measured by the extent to which the commitments made by Ghana, have led to the adoption of concrete measures to improve the rights of children as it pertains to child trafficking, since the ratification of the CRC. An underlying aim is to discover what factors may affect the effectiveness of a convention, such as inadequate legal framework, its application of it or other cultural factors. In order to measure the effectiveness of the CRC, a normative model is applied, explaining both the notions of compliance versus effectiveness. Herein, it is clarified that: in order to measure the effectiveness of a convention in this matter, one first needs to examine if the national legal framework complies to the convention in question. Thus, in the first part, it is concluded that Ghana has successfully incorporated the CRC in its legal framework. In the second part, it is shown how, despite of the effective incorporation of the CRC, there remains a gap between what is prescribed by law and the manifestation in practice. Different factors have been concluded to influence the effectiveness of the Convention. In order for a state to implement measures to deal with an issue, there must be a clear standard set out in the convention in the first place. In this regard, it has been noted that the lack of clarity and ambiguity of the wording in Article 35 of the CRC may have affected the effectiveness of the convention. Moreover, it is noted that the nature of the issue: the phenomenon of child trafficking, in itself, is a complex issue with certain elements that makes it more challenging to regulate than “normal” human rights violations. Not least, it is proven how the socio-cultural norms of Ghana have a noticeable effect on the implementation of the Convention. At last, it is demonstrated how the process of norm-internalization in a state may affect the effectiveness of a Convention: it has been shown how Ghana’s policy-making system has not been effective in practice. Nevertheless, the conclusion remains: the effectiveness of a convention depends on the function it serves in the first place. As for the case of the CRC, it remains an effectivetool to abolish child trafficking as long as the States Parties take united responsibility to make it so.Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka i vilken utsträckning barnkonventionen (CRC) kan utgöra ett effektivt instrument för en stats ändamål att avskaffa barnhandel. Ett bakomliggande syfte med studien är att utreda vilka faktorer som gör en konvention effektiv generellt sett. Studien baseras på en rättsdogmatisk metod i ljuset av ett rättsociologiskt perspektiv där de normativa aspekterna av lagen undersöks. I detta avseende utvärderas Ghanas implementering av artikel 35 i CRC för att uppnå syftet med studien. Således vilar den rättsliga analysen på det ghananska rättssystemet som grund. I sammanhanget granskas barnkonventionens effektivitet med avstamp i hur de åtaganden som gjorts av Ghana har lett till vidtagande av konkreta åtgärder för att förbättra barns situation vad gäller barnhandel. En normativ modell tillämpas för att förstå vad begreppen effektivitetoch efterlevnadinnebär i sammanhanget. Här klargörs att, för att mäta effektiviteten av en konvention, måste det först undersökas huruvida det nationella regelverket uppfyller de reglerade skyldigheterna i den ifrågavarande konventionen. I den första delen dras slutsatsen att Ghana har införlivat barnkonventionen på ett tillfredsställande sätt. I den andra delen redovisas det hur det kvarstår en diskrepans mellan vad som föreskrivs i lag och hur lagen manifesteras i praktiken, trots det effektiva införlivandet av barnkonventionen. Det påvisas hur olika faktorer påverkar en konventions effektivitet. I detta avseende noteras det att (bristen på) tydlighet och klarhet i ordalydelsen av artikel 35, kan påverka konventionens effektivitet. För att en stat ens ska kunna genomföra åtgärder för att hantera en viss fråga måste det finnas en tydlig standard i konventionen i första hand. Vidare noteras det att problemets natur: fenomenet barnhandel i sig, är en komplex fråga med vissa element som gör det mer utmanande att reglera fenomenet än ”normala” kränkningar av mänskliga rättigheter. Inte minst anmärks det hur de sociokulturella normerna i Ghana har en märkbar effekt på tillämpningen av barnkonventionen. Slutligen redogörs det för hur olika norminternaliserande faktorer i en stat kan påverka effektiviteten av en konvention: det redovisas hur Ghana brister i författandet av effektiva ”policies” för att åtgärda problematiken. Slutsatsen påvisar hur effektiviteten av en konvention beror på den funktion som konventionen har i första hand. Vad gäller barnkonventionen, utgör den ett effektivt verktyg i kampen mot barnhandel, så länge som medlemsstaterna faktiskt tar enat ansvar i att säkerställa dess effektivitet.
Minor Fields Studies, SIDA
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Wakatama, Markim. "The situation of street children in Zimbabwe : a violation of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989)." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/7449.
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This study investigated the situation of street children in Zimbabwe with reference to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989). It examined the services that have been provided to meet street children’s needs and safeguard their rights. There is a dearth of literature focusing on street children in Zimbabwe. The available literature is descriptive; it contributes very little towards understanding of the problem and needs of street children. It does not provide a useful framework for formulating policy and designing interventions or practices with the children. Models being used by some non-governmental organizations derive mainly from studies conducted in Latin America and other developing countries like India, Kenya and South Africa. This study draws, mainly on literature from Latin America and other studies outside of Zimbabwe. Quantitative and qualitative data were gathered from street children and service providers, using a triangulation of methods. Ethnography was particularly useful as it allowed the project to adopt a child-centered approach. Interviews and group discussions were conducted with service providers. Documents from non-governmental organizations helped to understand their work with the street children. A breakdown of the extended family unit, poverty, HIV/AIDS, corruption and land reform have hindered the protection of children’s rights as prescribed by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. Zimbabwe has no mechanisms in place to enforce them. Although a range of difficulties plague projects for street children, some projects have succeeded in improving the well-being of some street children. Zimbabwe is violating the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. It should seriously and urgently consider re-deploying its ‘welfare’ departments into ‘development ‘departments for it to realize the rights of street children.
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Karlsson, Erika. "Realizing the UNCRC in Sweden : A Three-Dimensional Study of Discourses on Children's Rights in Foster Care Placement Processes." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Statsvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-100879.
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Despite being a strong advocate for children’s rights in the international community, Sweden has received critique from the Committee on the Rights of the Child regarding the high number of children who have been removed from their families and that are currently living in foster homes. Previous research has not dealt with the issue of children’s rights in foster care placement processes in Sweden, nor has it included Sweden in discourse analyses on children’s rights, or sufficiently explored the relationship between discourse and implementation of the UNCRC. I use theories on discourse and translation in order to provide a comparative analysis of the articulations of children’s rights relevant for foster care placement processes in the UNCRC, and on the national and local level in Sweden. The analysis points to both similarities and differences in the discourses and identifies six aspects of the Swedish discourse that make certain activities in foster care placement processes possible, desirable and inevitable.
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Soneby, Amanda, and Jelaine Legaspi. "A Tico’s rights to communicate A study on the interpersonal communication tools used in order to convey the Convention on the Rights of the Child in Costa Rica." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-26418.
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Problem background: There has been an extensive amount of research done within the field of learning among children. Research regarding the teaching and the context of which this research is aimed to be performed on, is on the other hand scarcer. Costa Rica is one of the countries that has focused on human rights, and with this background, this thesis intends to study how the principles of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) is communicated to children in Costa Rica. We will preform our study on two types of schools; both private and public. We will also examine the impact the context has on communication for teachers when instructing about children’s rights. Purpose: We aim to study the development communication and contexts of which the principles of the CRC are communicated and taught to school children in Costa Rica. Method: This thesis contains qualitative research. We have relied upon conversational interviews with a hermeneutical approach. Conclusion: This thesis clearly indicates that choice of communication channel has an impact on the interaction between teachers and pupils. Digitized channels are effective in the sense of speed and quantity of information regarding the CRC. However, the context in which the pupils receive and the teachers teach about the CRC is of great importance. The teachers experience many difficulties when teaching since the context not only builds barriers but also challenges them to find more creative ways of teaching. The material used when communicating the CRC varied depending on the economic status of the school. The children wanted and expected technology and digitalization to be a fundamental part of their education.
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Sandin, Cimona. "The Protection of children : the right to family right and how they can conflict." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-27214.
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Abstract This paper examines the right to family life and how it can conflict with the child’s right to protection against harm. The paper examines how the international community views the family and what rights the family has in international law. In addition to this, the paper also looks at the different family structure a family can have and it also examine whether there are a universal definition of family. Furthermore, the paper also talks about the children and the rights afforded to them and how the rights has developed through time. The concept of childhood is a much-debated issue. There have been debates on when the childhood begins but also on when it ends and the views of the States differs somewhat. Childhood is a concept that is heavy with different psychological, physical, religious and cultural believes and practices. When the States was working on the Convention on the Rights of the Child they had to try to consolidate the different views on both the beginning and the end of childhood but it proved to be problematic. To say that the childhood began at conception would have made the convention incompatible with the national law that allows abortion and it could therefore risk that some States did not sign the convention. They therefore made a compromise that meant that the States could keep their own definition on the beginning of childhood. The family as well as the well-being of the child is important and this is reflects in international law. This paper therefore also examines the articles in international and regional treaties concerning the family and the protection of the child. It also examines several cases from the European Court of Human Rights to illustrate how the Court has reasoned in cases where rights of the parents has been in conflict with the children’s rights and best interest. The conclusion drawn from this paper is that no set of rights weigh more than the other. They are both very important and if it is possible, the authorities shall try to balance them with each other. They have to have both what would be best for the child and the parents right to family life in mind. Even if the authorities have to remove a child from the parents care they need to have a reunification of the family as a ultimate goal to work towards.
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Lebeko, Motshidisi Jane Jerminah. "Does Article 13 of The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, 1980 protect victims of domestic violence?" University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5161.
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Carmody, Louise. "To what extent has the Convention on the Rights of the Child acted as a lens for the refocus of refugee protection mechanisms, to affect improved protection measures and adherence to human rights standards for child refugees?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4685.
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It is the intention of this paper to examine the extent to which the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) has acted, (and, has the potential to act), as a lens for the refocus of refugee protection to better include children. To this extent, the paper will discuss the integral relationship between human right and refugee law. It is suggested that the CRC has affected greater recognition of how fundamental human rights, protected within the CRC, have influenced the evolution of State interpretations of the Refugee Convention to enhance protection for children. It is not the aim of the discussion to evaluate different systems of human rights enforcement, but rather to focus on the impact of the CRC as it currently stands; examining whether the Convention has influenced protection for child refugees in specific scenarios. Central to the position of the paper is the submission that the CRC has the potential to effect an urgent change in the perception of child refugees. [...]
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Wedestig, Mikaela. "Barnkonventionen i skolan." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för konst, kommunikation och lärande, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79527.
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Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur lärare upplever att undervisningen bedrivs gällande barnkonventionen samt om undervisningen har förändrats till följd av att barnkonventionen blivit lag. Syftet med studien var också att undersöka hur lärare och elevers kännedom är gällande barnkonventionen. En kombination av datainsamlingsmetoder användes, intervjuer med både lärare och elever samt enkätundersökning bland lärare. Fyra lärare och åtta elever deltog i intervjuerna och 82 lärare deltog i enkätundersökningen. Resultatet av studien visar på att eleverna har kännedom om att barnkonventionen finns men kunskapen gällande innehållet varierar bland eleverna. Lärarnas kännedom om barnkonventionen är god och resultatet visar på att majoriteten av lärarna som deltagit i föreliggande studie upplever att de arbetar med barnkonventionen dagligen i och med skolans värdegrund. Själva undervisningen om barnkonventionen sker i samband med FN-dagen eller barnkonventionens dag. Lärarna som deltagit i studien menar att undervisningen inte förändrats i och med lagstadgande av konventionen. Resultatet av studien visar på att en stor majoritet av de lärare som deltagit i föreliggande studie upplever att de inte erbjudits varken information eller vidareutbildning gällande barnkonventionen under deras verksamma år. En majoritet av de deltagande lärarna menar även på att kunskap om barnkonventionen inte ingick i deras lärarutbildning.The purpose of this study was to examine how teachers experience that the teaching is conducted regarding the Convention on the Rights of the Child, CRC, and whether it has changed as a result of the CRC becoming law. The purpose of the study was also to investigate how teachers and pupils' knowledge is about the CRC. A mix of methods was used, interviews with both teachers and pupils as well as survey among teachers. Four teachers and eight pupils participated in the interviews and 82 teachers participated in the survey. The study comes to the conclusion that the pupils are aware about of the CRC but the knowledge about the content varies among the pupils. The teachers' knowledge of the CRC is good and the result shows that the majority of teachers who participated in the present study feel that they work with the CRC on a daily basis because of the school's values. The actual teaching of the CRC takes place in conjunction with “FN-dagen” or “barnkonventionens dag”. The teachers who participated in the study do not experience that the teaching has changed as a result of the CRC becoming law. The results of the study show that a vast majority of the teachers who participated in the present study feel that they lacks further education or information regarding the CRC. A majority of the participating teachers have also stated that knowledge of the CRC was not included in their teacher education.