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Sällström, Robin. "Keeping the peace? : The effect of NATO and UN peace operations on war intensity." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-432102.
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Pinder, David. "Coin: the missing currency in peace support operations and beyond." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/2320.
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The United Nations has a long history of peacekeeping missions. These have evolved over time but since the end of the Cold War there has been rapid growth in those missions where the remit placed on the peacekeepers, both military and civilian, is more complex and demanding. In trying to define these missions and their mandates a wide range of terminology has been developed in an effort to describe the exact nature of the mission. Since many of these deployments take place into theatres where there is no peace to keep, or where a fragile peace reverts to a conflict situation such tight definitions often lead to the troops involved no longer having an appropriate mandate. More recently some of these larger missions constitute in fact interventions to impose peace. Attempts to find a `peace¿ classification for such deployments often confuse the issue rather than bring clarity. In reality these missions are not peacekeeping at all. The almost forgotten doctrine, principles and practices of Counterinsurgency provide a better framework for defining these missions, the respective roles of the key players and the factors necessary to bring success.
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Prati, Lucia. "L'interprete nelle peace support operations: indagine sul campo presso il contingente italiano in Libano." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/12786/.
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Il presente elaborato si propone di condurre un'analisi della figura e del ruolo degli interpreti a supporto delle Forze armate italiane nella missione di peace support operation in Libano. Il progetto nasce dall'interesse per lo svolgimento dell'attività di interpretazione e traduzione in un contesto altamente "sensibile", quale una zona di conflitto, che si fonda su una serie di equilibri che devono essere mantenuti e rispettati anche mediante il contributo fondamentale degli interpreti.
L'obiettivo di questo progetto di tesi, realizzato in collaborazione con lo Stato Maggiore dell'Esercito, è quello di gettare luce, mediante l'utilizzo di interviste condotte di persona, sulla percezione che gli interpreti e i fruitori hanno del servizio linguistico in teatro operativo nonché sulla relazione che si instaura tra le parti coinvolte. Lo studio pertanto si è proposto di concentrarsi sugli interpreti e i loro "utenti" diretti, ossia i militari dell'Esercito italiano.
Il capitolo 1 offre una panoramica generale del servizio di interpretazione dell'Esercito italiano nel teatro operativo libanese e fornisce inoltre una presentazione delle peace support operations dispiegate dalle Nazioni Unite, con particolare interesse per la missione UNIFIL in cui operavano gli intervistati al momento dello studio. Il capitolo 2 descrive la metodologia impiegata per svolgere lo studio presentando la modalità di raccolta dati e le tracce utilizzate per lo svolgimento delle interviste nonché le procedure di analisi, sistematizzazione e categorizzazione dei dati. Il capitolo 3 presenta la discussione dei dati emersi dalle interviste, suddivisi in quattro aree principali: conoscenze e competenze dell'interprete, ruolo dell'interprete, collaborazione tra militare e interprete; aspettative sul lavoro dell'interprete.
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Messineo, Francesco. "The attribution of conduct in breach of human rights obligations during peace support operations under UN auspices." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252266.
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Stiles, Michael James. "The United Nations and the termination of internal conflict with reference to the United Nations Organisation Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo : 1999-2006." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30756.
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the United Nations (UN) role in the resolution, management and termination of the conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) with specific reference to the UN Organisation Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC). The aim emanates from the basic research question: To what extent did the deployment of MONUC contribute to the termination of internal conflict in the DRC and create conditions conducive for the holding of democratic elections? The research problem generated four subsidiary questions: Was the intention of the drafters of the Lusaka Agreement for the UN converted into a viable peacekeeping mission, especially in the early phases of the mission? Did MONUC receive adequate resources to fulfil its task, commensurate with the size and complexity of the operational theatre and its mandate? Why was a development such as the deployment of Interim Emergency Multi National Force (IEMF) in Ituri (2003) necessary, given the fact that MONUC was deployed? Were the expectations regarding MONUC involvement in the disarmament, demobilisation, reintegration, resettlement and repatriation (DDRRR) programme and the domestic disarmament, demobilisation, reintegration (DDR) programme realistic? Therefore four sub-problems were addressed, namely the issue of the mission mandate; the resourcing of the mission relative to the mandate and the operational theatre; the external augmentation of the mission; and the MONUC role in DDRRR and DDR. Following a definition of the concept internal conflict and a discussion of the factors contributing to internal conflict, the theory of peacekeeping was described to determine a framework for the evaluation of the UN peace mission in the DRC, based on the recommendations of the 2000 Brahimi Report. Emphasis was placed on the mandate, force levels and composition, and operational capability. A historic overview contextualised the complex conflict situation in the DRC that the UN was required to help ameliorate. MONUC made a contribution to the termination of internal conflict in the DRC by managing the conflict in a fashion that permitted democratic elections to be held. This was achieved despite the fact that the actual deployment of MONUC (in terms of its functioning, especially regarding DDRRR) did not meet the requirements for a UN force as envisaged by the signatories of the 1999 Lusaka Agreement. The expectations of the signatories regarding DDRRR were not realistic, but the UN response in terms of the mandate and allocation of resources also fell far below what was required to establish a credible UN peace mission. The graduated approach ensured a reactive MONUC posture in the field, but the reticence to provide adequate resources in response to political and operational developments necessitated the external augmentation of the mission on two occasions. While this development brought a new facet of ‘co-deployment’ in UN peacekeeping operations to he fore, it also served to highlight the MONUC deficiencies in terms of its ‘responsibility to protect’ civilians under threat of violence. MONUC was mandated from its inception to discharge this responsibility, without receiving the necessary resources to enable the conduct of operations to protect civilians. This inability resulted in the mission lacking credibility amongst the population of the DRC. CopyrightDissertation (MSS)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Political Sciences
MSS
Unrestricted
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Philipson, Carl David. "Fast Patrol Boats i Peace Support Operations." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-1713.
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Har storleken någon betydelse?Enligt den amerikanske marina militärteoretikern Milan N. Vego har den detvad avser fartyg vid mellanstatliga konflikter i kustnära farvatten.Denna uppsats syftar till att svara på frågan om samma förhållanden gäller vidPeace Support Operations (PSO).Uppsatsen analyserar Vegos tes, små ytstridsfartygs egenskaper, kraven vidPSO:s och de fall där små ytstridsenheter har verkat vid PSO:s.Slutligen värderas analyserade fakta och frågan besvaras.The fast patrol boat (FPB) has played an important role in the cold war and inits aftermath. In recent years though, we have seen a development where theFPB:s are disappearing in nation after nation. The American naval theoristMilan N. Vego claims that the FPB:s have a natural role in naval operations innarrow seas during wartime. This essay is trying to answer the question ofwhether this is also true in peace support operations (PSO).Since wartime operations and PSO:s differ in both it’s goals and it’s methods Ihad to break down the methods in to functions. The functions are; anti surfacewarfare (ASuW), anti submarine warfare (ASW), anti air warfare (AAW), minecounter measurements (MCM), command and control (C²) and other functions.To answer the question I started to examine the abilities of the FPB:s, to findout it’s strengths and it’s weaknesses. In the next step I described and examinedthe demands in a PSO with emphasis on the naval tasks. I also tried toanticipate what future PSO:s will probably look like.My next step was to examine the three known cases where FPB:s haveparticipated in PSO:s. Each case was studied and described as a separate case.Finally I have tried to value to what extent the wartime functions have beenused in the studied PSO:s. I then discussed what functions I deemed wasnecessary in order to conduct the PSO:s. My next step was to estimate whetherthe studied cases corresponds to estimated future PSO:s.My conclusion is that the FPB:s are a valuable asset in PSO as well as inwartime operations. The reason for the decline of FPB:s in European navies hasnot been answered in this essay, nor the consequences. This is an interestingsubject for further investigation.
Avdelning: ALB - Slutet Mag 3 C-upps.Hylla: Upps. ChP 02-04
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Weibull, Louise. "Emotion matters : Emotion management in Swedish Peace Support Operations." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för arbetsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-15074.
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The thesis makes an overall contribution to the qualitative research on soldiers’ experiences from service primarily in low-intensity mission areas, this operational environment being placed within a framework of emotion sociology. The central argument put forward states that even on this type of mission the emotional demands are considerable, and that the need for emotional management in Peace Support Operations (PSO) should therefore generally follow other demarcations than the formal military divisions of high and low intensity conflicts respectively. In contrast to the prevalent view stating that the successful soldier is someone with emotional control in the sense that he ‘lacks’ feeling towards what he is doing, this thesis argues that soldiers’ emotion management work when choosing, modelling, managing, and displaying the ‘right’ emotional expression is what it takes to get the job done. Further, the thesis argues that emotion management demands are not restricted to the tour of service. Returning home often involves feeling both cognitively and emotionally disorientated, even if the mission has been militarily quite uneventful. A new theoretical concept, Post-Deployment Disorientation (PDD), is introduced to explain and highlight the origin of these feelings. PDD is not a diagnosis, however, but a term reserved for a phenomenon invisible in statistics that likely confronts the majority of Swedish soldiers on return. The thesis comprises four essays and draws on qualitative data collected mainly from soldiers deployed to Kosovo and Liberia in 2006/2007. Two of the essays also include data from Afghanistan. Jointly, the four essays help us understand that from an emotion management perspective, serving abroad is both a varied and challenging experience. Nevertheless, the informants seem to muddle through many difficulties and the study broadly confirms Bolton’s (2005) accounts of the multi-talented emotional actor, who is quite capable of handling contradiction while negotiating feeling rules. However, this does not mean an adjustment with negligible effort or without substantial emotional costs.
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Olonisakin, Olufunmilayo Titilayo. "Peace creation and peace support operations : an analysis of the ECOMOG operation in Liberia." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310492.
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Hoffler, Robert E. Jr. "International training for peace support operations : models, assessments, and implications." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/6054.
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Approved for public release, distribution is unlimitedIn the decade following the Cold War, the frequency and complexity of United Nations-mandated Peace Support Operations (PSO) significantly increased. Consequently, international, regional, and national organizations developed various training programs to prepare military personnel for diverse mission requirements. This thesis conducts a comparative analysis of PSO training by examining the United Nations international model, the regional approach of the Nordic Countries, and national training programs of the Canadian Forces, the German Armed Forces, and the United States Military. Based on strengths and weaknesses of these models, this research identifies significant criteria and implications for developing a viable, institutionalized PSO training program in the United States Military. This study draws the following conclusions: The United Nations lacks a unifying doctrine for PSO and associated training required to coordinate subordinate programs among Member States and regional organizations effectively; The Nordic coordination program for PSO training at the regional level represents a unified commitment to promote interoperability and knowledge management for future missions; The United States Military lacks an institutionalized PSO training program to meet long-term operational requirements at the tactical level for individuals and units.
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Frantzen, Henning-Andre. "NATO and peace support operations 1991-1999 : policies and doctrines." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407669.
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Duncanson, Claire. "Forces for good? : British military masculinities on peace support operations." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2752.
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This thesis is situated at the intersection of Feminist International Relations, Critical Security Studies and Gender Studies. It takes as its starting point – and offers a challenge to – the feminist contention that soldiers cannot be peacekeepers due to hegemonic constructions of military masculinity associated with the skills and practices of combat. It problematises this assumption by investigating whether involvement in the practices of conflict resolution on Peace Support Operations (PSOs) influences the construction of military masculinities. The thesis also questions the rather monolithic accounts of masculinity which are found in feminist arguments that peacekeeping soldiers reinforce neo-imperial oppression, and argues that such critiques neglect the potentially more progressive aspects of employing soldiers as peacekeepers. Using the British Army as a case study to explore these conceptual issues, the thesis utilises a novel methodological approach derived from R W Connell’s framework of gender relations and social constructivist discourse theory. It analyses both official and unofficial sources of British Army discourse on PSOs, including military doctrine, recruitment material and autobiography, and finds evidence to suggest that ‘peacekeeper masculinity’ offers a challenge, albeit incomplete, to the hegemonic masculinity associated with combat. The thesis argues that, despite the limited nature of this challenge, peacekeeper masculinity represents an important development because the privileging of conflict resolution practices it embodies involves disruptions to traditional gendered dichotomies and the construction of ‘regendered soldiers,’ with important implications for both international peace and security and gender relations. Finding conflict resolution practices such as negotiating and building consent, moderating the use of force and humanitarian activities manly rather than emasculating is crucial if soldiers are to take PSOs as seriously as they do war. Moreover, associating masculinity with practices that require building relations of sensitivity, mutual respect and empathy has implications beyond the success of PSOs. Such associations not only challenge current models of hegemonic masculinity in the military, but – through replacing relations of dominance with more democratic relations – challenge the entire hierarchical structure of gender relations in western culture and language. As such, in exploring the concept of regendered soldiers, this thesis contributes significantly to theories of change in gender relations as well as to feminist International Relations scholarship on military masculinities, peacekeeping and security.
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Haynes, John T. "A comparative study of Civil-Military Operations perspectives as they apply to peace support operations." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/31986.
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The post-Cold War world has been marked by the United Nations approval and participation in the intervention into the affairs of sovereign states, often labeling them Peace Support Operations. American interventions have been studied in terms of chain of command, firepower and rules of engagement problems, but Civil-Military Operations have not been analyzed in a comparative fashion. Given that future interventions are likely to occur, it is the responsibility of policy analysts and leaders to consider both the costs and benefits of democratic enlargement and the applicability of current doctrine. To do this, tools are needed. This study provides three such tools. First, case studies on the US interventions in Somalia and Haiti provide a view of some of the questions and problems involved with intervening in the affairs of states for humanitarian or democratic enlargement reasons. Second, the study pits contending theories against each other to see if one better explains the outcomes.
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Donald, Dominick Gerald Frederick Miles. "Active impartiality : a survival system for 'grey area' peace support operations." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429164.
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De, Montfort Pierre Juan. "A model of co-operative education on peace support operations in Africa." Thesis, [Bloemfontein?] : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/67.
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Thesis (D. Tech.) - Central University of Technology, Free State, 2007The focus of this study is on a Model of Co-operative Education on Peace Support Operations (PSO) in Africa. PSO are multi-functional operations involving military forces and diplomatic humanitarian agencies. They are designed to achieve humanitarian goals or a long-term political settlement, and are conducted impartially in support of a UN mandate. These include peacekeeping (PK), peace enforcement (PE), conflict prevention, peacemaking, peace building, and humanitarian operations. Since the advent of democracy in 1994, domestic and international expectations have steadily grown regarding a new South African role as a responsible and respected member of the international community. These expectations have included a hope that South Africa will play a leading role in a variety of international, regional and sub-regional forums, and that the country will become an active participant in attempts to resolve various regional and international conflicts. Peacekeeping is becoming more and more important as South Africa plays a vital role in African missions, mandates, deployment and restructuring. The core of peacekeeping operations in Africa is no longer about the deployment of armed forces, but the focus is shifting towards a more integrated approach including reconstruction, development, stability, civilian involvement and humanitarian aspects. While skills required for peace operations overlap with those required for war, there is increasing recognition that additional peace operations training is needed to successfully conduct these missions. The demand, advancement and application of peacekeeping evolve worldwide, especially in Africa, where enormous funding is being poured into local research and development, testing and training. The market for Education, Training and Development (ETD) in the field of PSO is growing, as South Africa is becoming increasingly involved in peacekeeping missions on the African continent. At present, there is no Co-operative Education programme on generic PSO on the operational/strategic level presented by any of the major universities in South Africa in order to enhance other PSO training. The objectives of this research project are in phase one: • To determine the need for and feasibility of a Co-operative Education Program on PSO. • To write a instructional design (ISD) report for a Co-operative Education Model on PSO and, • To draft possible curriculum content. • The second phase of the project could involve the development of learning material, and the evaluation of the proposed Co-operative Education Model on PSO by running a pilot programme. The principal product (output) of this research will consist out of an ISD report on a Model for Co-operative Education on PSO in Africa, presented by means of Correspondence Instruction with contact sessions. The key factors in production of the learning program include geo-political and security studies in order to create an understanding of the African battle space, PSO as presented by UNITAR POCI, the assessment of international practice with regards to PSO in order to relate the information to operations in Africa, PSO on the African continent, and Civil-Military Cooperation.
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Breul, Rainer. "Organizational Learning in International Organizations the case of UN peace operations /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB12168061.
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Schumann, Maurice Phillip. "Missions Love Company : Power Dynamics in Parallel Peace Operations." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445361.
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Whether United Nations peacekeeping operations are effective or not has been extensively studied over the past decades. Similarly, the differences between peacekeeping missions deployed by the UN and third party interventions by other actors are well documented. However, the interaction between blue helmets and parallel non-UN forces deployed alongside each other remains understudied. I aim to shed light on this phenomenon by answering the research question: Do Parallel Peace Operations moderate the effectiveness of UN Peacekeeping Operations? I argue that parallel non-UN operations reinforce UN peacekeeping missions in active conflicts by exercising active, kinetic measures of coercion. This increases the efficiency of the mechanisms of power applied by UN peacekeepers and makes it more likely that they fulfill the security related and socio-economic objectives of their mandate. A large-n analysis of all active conflicts between 1993 and 2014 suggests that as the UN commits more personnel to a peace operation, the security related objectives of its mandate are more likely to be fulfilled as long as the mission is supported by a parallel peace operation. I found more spurious and less convincing evidence for the moderating effect of parallel forces on the effective fulfillment of the socio-economic objectives of UN operation’s mandates.
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Loughlan, Victoria Elisabeth Elvira. "Mapping practice : on the contingent politics of geographical information systems in UN peace operations." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10563.
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This thesis investigates the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) mapping in UN Peace Operations. On the one hand, GIS use has been assumed to increase the efficiency and coordination of multi-dimensional peace missions. On the other, the Western universalist epistemology underlying GIS is thought to render its application, particularly in non-Western contexts neo-colonialist. These two framings of GIS as either inherently scientifically progressive or politically oppressive are over-deterministic. I argue that the politics of GIS use is contingent upon the ways in which understandings of the map are negotiated in practice. As an ethnographic study of three UN GIS mapping sites (a field mission in Timor-Leste, the Cartographic Section at the UN headquarters, and the GIS Center at the UN Logistics Base), drawing on interviews with practitioners, the thesis gives an account of a) the role of GIS in the field mission, b) GIS practitioners’ management of the technology and their everyday interaction with their clients, and c) its organization within the United Nations. In the thesis I conceptualize an epistemological fault between the professional communities of mappers and their clients which organizes GIS use. This fault separates those who understand the map as political abstract model from those who see it as a mere image of the world. As a consequence, it also separates those who understand mapping as a political practice from those who see it as mere matter of logistics. The meaning and organization of GIS use is thus contingent upon how these different understandings are contested or affirmed in the interaction between mappers and clients. Overall, this thesis emphasizes the role of understanding technology, space and logistics in the context of the politics of Peace Operations.
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Fitz-Gerald, Ann Maureen. "Examining the local impact of 'multinational responses' in multinational peace support operations : implications for training and doctrine." Thesis, Coventry University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270956.
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Ang, Han Hiong. "The effects of military tactics, techniques and procedures on peace support election operations in representative Iraqi towns." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Dec%5FAng.pdf.
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Andersson, Per-Olov. "UAV/UCAV i fredens tjänst : UAV/UCAV och dess operativa betydelse i framtida Peace Support Operations." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-1898.
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Luftstridskrafter har spelat en betydande roll i senare tiders Peace Support Operations (PSO). Obemannade flygande system har varit en del av dessa insatser, hur kommer rollfördelningen att vara i framtiden? Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka och göra en bedömning avseende hur obemannade flygsystem kan utnyttjas och ha en roll i framtida Peace Suport Operations. Litteratur- och dokumentstudier, föreläsningar och intervjuer ligger som faktabakgrund för bedömningen av hur en framtida PSO kan se ut samt vilken roll obemannade flygsystem kan ha i en framtida Peace Suport Operation. Jämförelse har skett mellan bemannade och obemannade flygande system varvid fördelar och nackdelar har belysts. Resultatet av studien är att obemannade flygande system bör kunna få en betydande roll i framtida Peace Suport Operations främst avseende underrättelseinhämtning och uppgifter där vapenleverans inte är huvuduppgiften. Obemannade flygande farkoster med stridsuppgift (UCAV) har däremot betydande hinder som måste övervinnas innan dessa kan få en viktig roll i framtida PSO. Det är inte uteslutet att UCAV efter en tids utveckling kan få en viktig roll i en framtida PSO främst inom uppgifter som karaktäriseras av stor risktagning, krav på lång uthållighet eller uppträdande i ohälsosam miljö.Avdelning: ALB - Slutet Mag 3 C-upps.Hylla: Upps. ChP 99-01
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Allen, M. G. "The role of interested states in international peace support operations : British and French experience, 1964-1994." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.595466.
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The thesis considers two former colonial powers, Britain and France, as interested states involved in contemporary peace support operations. It examines these states' pursuit of their perceived national interest through the exercise of their national military capability, but within the bounds of international operations. It also considers the particular dilemma which such action poses for the international community. The thesis is divided into three sections. In the first part, the two broad contexts of decolonization and peace support operations are depleted and the relationship between them is explored. The second part consists of four case studies of former colonial powers intervening in post-colonial territories within the multilateral context of the United Nations. Two cases of British involvement - in Cyprus and Rhodesia - are included, as well as two cases of French intervention - in Cambodia and Rwanda. The third part of the study, comprising a comparative analysis of the foregoing cases, examines both the national role of the interested state, and the UN response to it. Five groups of factors conditioning the extent of national involvement are examined: national interests and those of the states' domestic constituents; as well as diplomatic, military and financial capabilities. Each factor's impact on involvement is assessed, and it is determined that national roles can be both extended and constrained by these factors. This, in turn, has important ramifications for UN responses. Because the UN finds the roles of interested states problematic but necessary, a particular dilemma exists. The UN responds to that dilemma by seeking to adjust the roles in various ways. These UN responses are examined and evaluated with the aid of an original taxonomy which categorises them according to the size of the role sought and the sort of pressure applied. The responses are found to be inadequate in overcoming the UN's dilemma, which can only be resolved, not by expanding and reducing the roles of interested states, but by making them less problematic, as well as less necessary.
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Zwanenburg, Marten Coenraad. "Accountability under international humanitarian law for United Nations and North Atlantic Treaty Organization peace support operations /." Leiden : E.M. Meijers Instituut, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb402332628.
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Clement, David D. "Is the U.S. Navy prepared to conduct peace operations in support of the national security strategy?" View thesis, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA384109.
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Smith, Matthew. "The British Army, peace support operations doctrine and Bosnia, 1992-95 : a tale of three commanders." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403370.
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Skoglund, Per. "Sourcing decisions for military logistics in Peace Support Operations : A case study of the Swedish armed forces." Doctoral thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Marketing and Logistics, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18441.
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What role has sourcing for the logistical outcome when Swedish Armed Forces (FM) plan for and conduct Peace Support Operations (PSOs)? What are the logistic needs to support the operating units? Can logistics in itself contribute to the overall goals with the PSOs? It depends of course on how the logistics are organised and what is required in order to support the military operations. The research on military logistics in general is limited and within the conduct of small nations forces almost non-existent. The role of sourcing depends on the military supply chain and FM decisions on make or buy, choice of market, number of suppliers and relations with the supplier. Therefore this thesis addresses how the sourcing decisions impact the military logistics in FM PSOs and the achievement of short-term and/or long-term objectives. The short term objectives represent the operational needs and the long term objectives represent the overall goals for PSOs. In order to understand the military logistics in PSOs a thorough review of the literature in the field was conducted. A second review was done with the focus on the four sourcing decisions. FM PSOs during the period 2002-2010 were studied. The case focused on two on-going operations, in Liberia and in the Bay of Aden, and complementary information was collected from a third operation, in Afghanistan. Also the central processes in the headquarters and the connections upstream to the Swedish government and the international relations were studied. The case was built up by interviews, field visits and secondary data. For military logistics in PSOs, three areas on different levels, with in total twelve constructs of importance were developed. Of special importance is the logistic tier structure. The sourcing was one of four logistic key decisions. The sourcing decisions turned out to change between different logistic phases. One of the findings was that the decisions proved to be of importance for the logistic outcome. The make or buy decision enabled responsiveness in the logistics system in a hostile environment. Proximity between customer and supplier showed to be important for all phases in an on-going Peace support operation. Due to the security situation in PSOs, dual sourcing showed to be important in order to create redundancy in the supply chain. The supplier relations changed from arm’s length to partnership when an operation was initiated, which improved the responsiveness. The Swedish Public Procurement Act placed limitations on the procuring organisations to utilise the possibilities to be efficient and effective.
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Wills, SiobhaÌn. "The legal responsibilities of multi-national forces in peace support and other operations : the responsibility to protect." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439689.
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Matsumoto, Emma. "Japan and the UN peace operations in the post-Cold War era : their challenges and choices." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2010. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3021/.
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The purpose of this thesis is to explore the ways in which Japan can contribute to UN peace operations. In particular, it looks into the political history of Japan as well as its foreign policies in order to understand how Japan's contributions were implemented and why they are characteristically distinct from other countries. During the 1990s, Japan encountered heavy criticism for the way it responded to the Gulf War crisis. This prompted many discussions on the willingness and ability of Japan to contribute to the resolution of international crises. The main criticism was its unwillingness to send personnel to locations in need and instead, only offered financial assistance. The reasons for Japan's behaviour were deeply rooted in the interpretation of its constitution which was established right after the end of World War II. Despite the constraints on Japan's initial offer, the way Japan was subsequently able to contribute was highly effective. This started a new way in which to take part in peace related activities that was distinct from the traditional approaches to peace operations. In order to substantiate this argument, this thesis will look at analyses Japan's involvement in the UN missions in Cambodia and East Timor and draws on this analysis of those operations in order to identify future opportunities.
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VALENCA, MARCELO MELLO. "SECURITY ISSUES IN RECENT UN PEACE OPERATIONS: THE EXPERIENCES OF SIERRA LEONE AND BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=8522@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOTendo como referencial teórico o instrumental do campo da resolução de conflitos, esta dissertação aborda as implicações da segurança nas operações de peacekeeping multidimensional. Através dos elementos verificadores da resolução do dilema de segurança interno, discute-se a importância da segurança para o sucesso do peacekeeping no pós-Guerra Fria e para a reconstrução das estruturas estatais. Para isso, foram estudadas as missões na Bósnia- Herzegovina e em Serra Leoa, ambas consideradas bem sucedidas pela ONU e cujos mandatos previam ações no campo de segurança e da reconstrução sócio-econômica do Estado. Ficou claro que o sucesso do peacekeeping multidimensional não reside apenas na garantia da segurança, vista como a ausência de ameaça militarizada: em função de sua própria natureza, essas operações dependem também da abordagem de questões não-materiais. Contudo, esses aspectos não são comumente estudados pelos teóricos do campo. Perceber a importância de suprimir a violência estrutural e preservar a diversidade cultural é essencial para o novo peacekeeping. Não fazê-lo é ignorar as causas que deram origem ao conflito e correr o risco de vê-lo acontecer novamente. Faz-se crucial, também, a vontade política da comunidade internacional de agir, sem a qual a cooperação entre as partes dificilmente acontecerá. Assim, percebe-se que o objetivo das operações de paz no pós-Guerra Fria não se limitaria a encerrar a violência direta, mas buscaria desenvolver cada missão dentro de suas particularidades, permitindo resolver os conflitos a partir de suas causas e impedindo que a guerra ocorra novamente.
Using as reference the theoretical field of conflict resolution, this dissertation discusses the effects of security in wide peacekeeping operations. Based on an analysis of the elements of the internal security dilemma, this dissertation discusses the importance of consolidating the security in the post-Cold War peace operations held by the UN and the state-building process. The empirical studies reported in this work were both considered successful by the UN, having fulfilled their mandates with activities and programs developed in the security and socio-economic reconstruction arenas. The view expressed in this dissertation is that security, understood as the absence of militarized threats, is not enough to guarantee the completion of the mission: as wide peacekeeping deals with threats both in the military and the non-military arenas, it demands both material and non- material approaches, although the latter is not commonly studied by conflict-resolution researchers. Tackling structural violence and preserving cultural diversity has become essential for the success of wide peacekeeping. Failing to do this is to ignore the causes of the conflict, at the risk of seeing violence return. It is also necessary to count with the support of the international community, which is essential to the cooperation between parties. The dissertation concludes that wide peacekeeping is not aimed only at the resolution of the conflict, but rather intends to deal with its causes, treating each mission as unique in its particularities and limitations and preventing the conflict return.
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Tidblad-Lundholm, Kajsa. "Women’s participation in UN peacekeeping: How does the duration of missions affect the participation of women in UN peace operations?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-325065.
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In this thesis, I explore how the duration of missions affects the participation of women in United Nations (UN) peace operations. I argue that women are less likely to be deployed in the early stages of missions because new missions are associated with high levels of uncertainty which is ultimately a type of risk. Instead, women’s participation will increase as the uncertainty decreases and the operating environment becomes more predictable. I also test if more gender equal force contributing countries are less prone to deploy women to new missions due to a stronger gendered protection norm constraining deployment of women to risky environments. Applying a large-N approach, this thesis studies the proportion of women in military contributions to UN peace operations between 2009 and 2015. Using a set of multilevel mixed-effects generalized linear models, the main argument initially find empirical support. But, when the main findings are challenged through robustness tests, the results become somewhat ambiguous and it is not sound to exclude the possibility that unobserved factors drive the empirical results. This thesis does not find more gender equal countries to be less prone to deploy women to the early stages of missions. Rather, countries which see higher levels of gender equality seem more prone to deploy larger proportions of women, regardless of when the deployment takes place.
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Dashjivaa, Ariunbold. "Why has Mongolia Chosen to Participate in Peace Support Operations? an Analysis of Current Trends and Future Opportunities." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/7329.
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Since 2002, Mongolia's commitment to international peace-support operations has dramatically increased and broadened the country's bilateral and multilateral military engagement throughout the world. By participating in UN peacekeeping and other peace-support operations, Mongolia and its military have gained tremendous experience, learned valuable lessons, and identified challenges in several critical areas that needed improvement. This thesis argues that Mongolias commitment to international peace-support operations is based on its national interest of survival between two great powers. Additionally, that commitment to peace-support operations strengthens Mongolias position in the world arena and increases its prestige, gaining it international recognition from other countries, international organizations, and international security institutions. Moreover, active involvement in peace-support operations creates favorable conditions for an independent foreign and defense policy and accelerates military modernization. Mongolias participation in peace-support operations influenced the acceleration towards modernization and transformation of its military, helping to identify the vulnerabilities in old military planning, training, equipment, and acquisition processes that desperately required changes. The existing literature on Mongolias participation in international peace-support operations is very limited. Therefore, this study will contribute a deeper and more detailed analysis and assessment of Mongolias commitment to international peace-support operations for scholars.
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Marlin, Benjamin J. "Ascertaining validity in the abstract realm of PMESII simulation models an analysis of the Peace Support Operations Model (PSOM)." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA501679.
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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Lucas, Thomas W. "June 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 10, 2009. DTIC Identifiers: Social modeling, peace support operations model, design of experiment, PMESII models, irregular warfare models. Author(s) subject terms: PSOM, Design of Experiment, PMESII Models, Social Modeling, Peace Support Operations Model, Irregular Warfare Models, Simulation. Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-131). Also available in print.
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Huang, Jarlline. "The politics of regional peace operations in West Africa : the relations among ECOWAS, the UN and major powers." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3780.
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Perova, Natalia. "The United Nations, member states and individuals sharing international responsibility for serious violations of international law committed during peace support operations." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5614/.
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This thesis is dedicated to the analysis of state responsibility, United Nations’ responsibility and individual criminal responsibility of peacekeepers for the crimes committed during Peace Support Operations (“PSOs”). It looks into the way public international law, international criminal, humanitarian and human rights law applies in the context of PSOs. The purpose of the thesis is to show that the UN, troop-contributing states and individual peacekeepers share international responsibility for the violations of international law committed during PSOs. This thesis proves that the conduct of peacekeepers is attributed not only to the UN, but also to troop-contributing states and depends on effective control exercised in fact by the UN Force Commander and national contingent commanders over particular conduct. Both international humanitarian law and human rights law are applicable to PSOs and can be breached by the UN and render it international responsible. Despite immunities and exclusion of the host state jurisdiction, peacekeepers cannot avoid international criminal responsibility in domestic courts and International Criminal Court. Applying the system of international responsibility to the case-studies, the thesis concludes that the UN, states and individuals cannot escape international responsibility by relying on international status and mandate of PSOs.
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Sundberg, Ralph. "Values and Attitudes across Peace Operations : Change and Stability in the Political Psychology of Swedish ISAF Soldiers." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-253032.
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Participation in Peace Support Operations (PSOs) is one of the most common military duties assigned to present-day Western soldiers. Previous research concerned with the psychological effects of these missions on the individual soldier has focused on issues of mental health and how to ensure military effectiveness. This study takes a different perspective, and examines how PSOs affect the political psychology of the peace soldier, asking: how and to what extent do the sociopolitical psychological orientations of the individual soldier change as a consequence of peace support operations? The study combines theory from clinical, social, and personality psychology to construct a framework for understanding how and why the values and the attitudes toward violence of the soldier may be affected by PSO deployments. It is argued that although combat exposure may cause changes in attitudes and values, these variables will overall remain stable across the deployment. Stability is predicted to be the norm due to the importance of certain attitudes and values to the soldierly identity, and owing to the good person-environment fit that the deployment provides for the soldiers. It is also argued that the individual’s personality traits will predict levels of change and stability. Empirically, two Swedish contingents deployed to northern Afghanistan under the auspices of NATO’s ISAF mission are analyzed. Change and stability are examined by combining statistical analyses of surveys with in-depth interviews carried out at both the pre- and post-deployment stages. As hypothesized, the study finds that both values and attitudes exhibit high levels of stability across the mission. Contrary to expectations the soldiers’ experiences of combat exposure had little to no effect on attitudes and values. Combat exposure was, however, limited during the deployments studied. Finally, the individual’s personality traits are identified as being relatively potent factors for inducing change and stability. By demonstrating that low-exposure PSOs have only minor effects on the sociopolitical psychological orientations of soldiers, the study advances knowledge of the political psychology of the peace soldier and provides additional contributions to the fields of value and personality psychology. Among other things, the study demonstrates the stability of values in a very challenging environment, and how personality traits affect change and stability in values.
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MELO, RAQUEL BEZERRA CAVALCANTI LEAL DE. "THE PROCESS OF INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF THE UN MULTIDIMENSIONAL PEACE OPERATIONS AFTER THE COLD WAR: HUMAN RIGHTS, CIVILIAN POLICE AND ELECTORAL ASSISTANCE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=9540@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORAs operações de manutenção da paz da ONU surgiram no contexto da Guerra Fria, concebidas, basicamente como forças militares de interposição, com a função de monitorar cessar-fogos entre as partes adversárias em conflitos interestatais. As mudanças operadas no contexto normativo internacional pós Guerra Fria forneceram as bases para o surgimento das operações de paz multidimensionais, voltadas para a resolução de conflitos intra-estatais, através da implementação de acordos de paz entre as partes. Com uma multiplicidade funções e componentes, a atuação dessas missões passou a englobar a reconstrução institucional de estados pós-conflitos. O presente estudo tem como objetivo examinar o processo de institucionalização de um quadro de referência para as operações de paz multidimensionais, contendo princípios, normas e procedimentos gerais orientadores das suas atividades nos campos de direitos humanos, polícia civil e assistência eleitoral. O argumento central é o de que este quadro de referência é o resultado das interações entre o Secretariado e os Estados membros da ONU. É, também, o produto do impacto que os contextos normativos dentro e fora da estrutura onusiana têm nas identidades e nas preferências destes atores acerca das políticas da organização na área de atuação em foco. Neste estudo enfatizamos o papel do burocracia onusiana como ator neste processo.
The UN peacekeeping operations emerged in the context of the Cold War. They were basically conceived as military interposition forces, to monitor cease-fires between parties in interstates conflicts. After the Cold War the normative changes in the international context provided for the emergence of the UN multidimensional peace operations. These operations were aimed at the resolution of intrastate conflicts, by means of the assistance on the implementation of peace agreements between the parties. With multiple functions, as well as components, the purposes of these new missions included the post-conflict reconstruction of states. The objective of this study is to examine the process of institutionalization of a framework for the UN multidimensional peace operations, including principles, norms and guidelines for the fulfillment of their tasks in the fields of human rights, civilian police and electoral assistance. The central argument here is that the current framework is the result of the interactions between the UN Secretariat and the member states. It is also the product of the impact of the normative contexts outside and within the UN structure on the identities and preferences of the actors concerning the policies of the Organization in the area in focus. The role of the UN bureaucracy in this process is emphasized in this study.
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Granberg, Magnus. "Kognitivt stöd för lärande i arbetet : En teoretisk modell baserad på en fallstudie av ett svenskt militärt utlandsförband i Kosovo." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-209052.
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The overall aim of this thesis is to contribute to the knowledge on how formal education gives cognitive support to informal learning at work. The ambition is to combine different theoretical perspectives on learning. Formal learning, mostly within institutions for education, is usually seen from a cognitive or constructivist perspective, and informal learning from situational or socio-cultural perspectives. Combining these perspectives, this thesis is based on a case study of how a formal training program for Swedish military personnel, going on a peacekeeping mission in Kosovo, gives cognitive support to their informal, experiential learning during the mission. The case study has an ethnographic research design where 17 military leaders at different levels are interviewed, observed and “shadowed” during three field periods during training in Sweden and during work in Kosovo. The empirical material and the different theoretical perspectives on learning are used to construct a perspective-integrating conceptual model of how the formal training, through different learning resources, helps the leaders to develop a subjective understanding of their coming work. This understanding is then used by the leaders to mentally frame the specific experiences and actions they encounter at work. This mental framing is also prevalent in their reflections in and on their work, and their informal learning at work can be shown to be heavily influenced by the understanding the leaders developed during formal training. However, most of this understanding cannot be related to formal learning resources, but to learning resources the military leaders themselves bring to the training in the way of their earlier experiences, their military professional orientation, and their internal discussions in free time. The main conclusions are that 1) contrary to prevailing dogma, different perspectives on learning can be brought together, and 2) if formal education is going to give cognitive support to learning at work, it needs to address the question of how the conceptual structure of the training content can be integrated with the often private concepts the workers themselves have of their work.
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Lovelock, R. "The general as statesman : exploring the professional need for commanders to support viable political outcomes in peace and stability operations as typified by the UK military approach." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2011. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/6152.
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The problem of theatre level politico-military arrangements during peace and stability operations is important because the intervening actors, working in complex and often ambiguous circumstances, need to calibrate the application of military and political means as a coherent interdependent whole. This is necessary in order to build peace, secure viable political outcomes and hence strategic successes; however it is not easy in practice. This thesis examines the hypothesis that, beyond their security-related tasks, military commanders should provide direct support to civilian interlocutors in order to facilitate and sustain the local political process. This requires military co-operation with other relevant actors, responsiveness to political direction and the specific shaping of military operations to impact decisively on political outcomes.
This work establishes that Western and United Nations doctrinal guidance extols political primacy and civil-military cooperation but does not fully explain the central importance of the political process, nor does it capture the potential peace building role of the military component. Analysis of practice in Kosovo, Iraq and Afghanistan, suggests that military commanders retain a uniquely influential position and have generally used their military means to positively influence political progress and help coordinate multi-dimensional plans. On occasion, to secure momentum and fill a void, commanders have quietly assumed a political function. Doctrine now needs to be refreshed to reflect practice. It should explain the military role in supporting the political process, elaborate the politico-military relationship as the inner core of a comprehensive approach to peace building and provide candid guidance on the difficulties to be expected where politico-military and coordination arrangements are incoherent. Moreover further work is needed on the wider application of this doctrine by the United Nations and the preparation of civilian leaders for politico-military relationships.
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Pugh, Michael C. "Peacekeeping and Critical Theory." Routledge, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4033.
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noA deconstruction of the role of peace support operations suggests that they sustain a particular order of world politics that privileges the rich and powerful states in their efforts to control or isolate unruly parts of the world. As a management device it has grown in significance as the strategic imperatives of the post-industrialized, capitalist world have neutered the universal pretensions of the United Nations. Drawing on the work of Robert Cox and Mark Duffield, this essay adopts a critical theory perspective to argue that peace support operations serve a narrow, problem-solving purpose - to doctor the dysfunctions of the global political economy within a framework of liberal imperialism. Two dynamics in world politics might be exploited to mobilize a counter-hegemonic transformation in global governance. First, a radical change in the global trade system and its problematic institutions will create opportunities to emancipate the weak from economic hegemony. Second, future network wars are likely to require increasingly subtle and flexible teams, similar to disaster relief experts, to supply preventive action, economic aid and civilian protection. This might only be achieved by releasing peace support operations from the state-centric control system, and making them answerable to more transparent, more democratic and accountable multinational institutions.
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Karis, Daniel Gerald. "Preparing peacekeepers : an analysis of the African Contingency Operations Training, and assistance program command and staff operational skills course." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/3888.
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Johansson, Maria. "Sverige i fredens tjänst : En textanalys av svenska incitament till fredsfrämjande insatser utifrån perspektiven realism och liberalism." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-34824.
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Participating in peace support operations has been and remains a significant part of the Swedish defense and security politics. Since the end of the Cold War, the Swedish national defence has been more and more dismantled, in favor of international peace support operations which have become an increasingly important task for the Swedish defence. Why then, is Sweden so engaged in conflicts so far from home? Using two classic theories of international politics, realism and liberalism, this study aims to shed light on arguments from the Swedish parliament on why it is important for Sweden to participate in international peace support operations. After analyzing arguments of the Social Democrat Party, the Moderate Party, the Green Party and the Liberal Party concerning three different peace support operations which Sweden has participated in, the result shows that although both realism and liberalism are influencing the parties’ argumentation, liberalism is the theory which is used more often. Thus, the answer to why Sweden participates in peace support operations is to be found in arguments that clearly express views of liberalism, rather than views of realism.
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Colares, Luciano da Silva. "A efetividade das operações de paz da ONU na consecução das atividades de “Post-Conflict Peace Building” (PCPB) pela análise da questão do Timor Leste : cumpre o que promete?" reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/183278.
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Em dezembro de 2012, após treze anos, três mandatos de operações de paz e dois mandatos de missões políticas, a ONU se retirava do território do Timor-Leste de maneira bastante discreta. Fechava-se, naquele momento, um ciclo de participação da Organização na vida política e econômica daquele país, que se iniciara com os episódios de violência de 1999, quando milicianos pró-indonésia tentaram impedir o processo político de autodeterminação do povo timorense. Herdando um país com suas infraestruturas destruídas e mais de um quarto de sua população refugiada ou deslocada internamente, a ONU não apenas pacificou o território como também empreendeu ali um processo de Post-conflict Peacebuilding (PCPB), onde sua participação variou entre o exercício pleno de todos os poderes soberanos atinentes às funções de governo de qualquer Estado ao apoio de assessores altamente especializados em prol do governo independente do Timor-Leste. O balanço final dessa participação é positivo na medida que revela um país com estruturas governamentais consolidadas, formalmente democrático e com boas taxas de crescimento econômico. Por outro lado, o combate à pobreza, a consolidação da pacificação social, a necessidade de maior participação popular na política e a redução da dependência de sua economia em relação ao petróleo seguem sendo desafios não resolvidos e, em grande medida, externalidades provocadas pela própria ONU.In December 2012, after thirteen years, three mandates of peace operations and two mandates of political missions, the UN withdrew from the territory of Timor-Leste in a rather discreet manner. At that moment, a cycle of the Organization's participation in the political and economic life of that country, which began with the 1999 episodes of violence, occurred when pro-Indonesian militiamen tried to impede the political process of self-determination of the Timorese people. Inheriting a country with its destroyed infrastructure and more than a quarter of its population refugee or internally displaced, the UN not only pacified the territory but also undertook a Post-conflict Peacebuilding (PCPB) process, where its participation ranged from full exercise of all sovereign powers pertaining to the government functions of any State to the support of highly specialized advisers for the independent government of Timor-Leste. The final balance of this participation is positive insofar as it reveals a country with consolidated government structures, formally democratic and good rates of economic growth. On the other hand, the fight against poverty, the consolidation of social pacification, the need for greater popular participation in politics and the reduction of dependence of its economy on oil remain unresolved challenges and, to a large extent, externalities caused by the UN itself.
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Digolin, Kimberly Alves [UNESP]. "Cooperação em operações de paz: atuações e iniciativas conjuntas entre Argentina, Brasil e Chile." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153250.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Argentina, Brasil e Chile (ABC) possuem um histórico de conflitos envolvendo disputas territoriais e busca por predomínio regional, especialmente quando levamos em consideração os binômios Argentina-Brasil e Argentina-Chile. No entanto, apesar de as relações entre o ABC terem sido fortemente baseadas em percepções de concorrência e rivalidade – com intervalos de aproximação –, os países vêm alçando maior patamar de cooperação a partir das últimas décadas do século XX. Na área de defesa e segurança internacional, esse esforço cooperativo entre os países ganha especial destaque no âmbito das operações de paz, exemplificado pela assinatura de acordos e memorandos, bem como pelo estabelecimento de exercícios combinados e treinamentos conjuntos. Considerando que a política internacional é socialmente construída, o problema de pesquisa indicado é: a despeito da rivalidade na qual as relações entre o ABC se desenvolveram, de que forma esses países têm cooperado na área de operações de paz? Isto posto, o objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar a atuação conjunta do ABC nas operações de paz sob a égide da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), bem como as iniciativas de cooperação existentes na área, buscando avaliar seus objetivos, estrutura, avanços e resultados. O recorte temporal está delimitado entre 1990 e 2016, uma vez que esse período marca a superação das relações mais conflituosas e o crescimento exponencial da participação em missões da ONU. Para tanto, o estudo pretende traçar uma linha histórica que permita avaliar as relações entre o ABC, a participação desses países nas operações de paz das Nações Unidas, os exercícios combinados e iniciativas conjuntas nesse âmbito, bem como a atuação nas missões que contaram com efetivos dos três países. Quais sejam: Missão de Observação das Nações Unidas em El Salvador (ONUSAL); Força das Nações Unidas para a Manutenção da Paz no Chipre (UNFICYP); Missão de Administração Interina das Nações Unidas no Kosovo (UNMIK); Administração de Transição das Nações Unidas em Timor Leste (UNTAET); Missão de Apoio das Nações Unidas em Timor Leste (UNMISET); e Missão das Nações Unidas para a Estabilização do Haiti (MINUSTAH).
Argentina, Brazil, and Chile (ABC) have a history of conflicts involving territorial disputes and search for regional predominance, especially when we take into account the Argentina-Brazil and Argentina-Chile binomials. However, although relations between ABC have been strongly based on perceptions of competition and rivalry – with approximation interludes – those countries have been increasing cooperation levels since the last decades of the twentieth century. This cooperative effort gains special prominence in the field of peace operations, exemplified by the signing of agreements and memos, as by the establishment of joint exercises and training. Considering that international politics is socially constructed, the research problem indicated is: despite the rivalry in which relations between the ABC have developed, in which way these countries cooperate in the area of peace operations? This proposal aims to analyze the joint action of the ABC in peace operations under the aegis of the United Nations (UN), as well as the existing cooperation initiatives in the area, seeking to evaluate its objectives, structure, progress, and results. The timeline is limited between 1990 and 2016 since this period marks the overcoming of the most conflictive relations and the exponential growth of participation in UN missions. To this end, the study intends to draw a historical line to assess the relationship between the ABC, the participation of these countries in United Nations peace operations, joint exercises and joint initiatives in that field, as well as the practices that involved the missions in which all those countries sent effectives: United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL); United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP); United Nations Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK); United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET); United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor (UNMISET); and the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH).
Argentina, Brasil y Chile (ABC) poseen una historia de conflictos que involucra disputas territoriales y busca por predominio regional, especialmente cuando consideramos los binomios Argentina-Brasil y Argentina-Chile. Sin embargo, a pesar de que las relaciones entre el ABC han sido fuertemente basadas en percepciones de competencia y rivalidad -con intervalos de aproximación-, los países vienen alzando más alto nivel de cooperación a partir de las últimas décadas del siglo XX. En el área de defensa y seguridad internacional, ese esfuerzo cooperativo entre los países gana especial destaque en el marco de las operaciones de paz, ejemplificado por la firma de acuerdos y memorandos, así como por el establecimiento de ejercicios combinados y entrenamientos conjuntos. Considerando que la política internacional es socialmente construida, el problema de investigación indicado es: a pesar de la rivalidad en la cual las relaciones entre el ABC se desarrollaron, ¿de qué forma estos países han cooperado en el área de operaciones de paz? El objetivo de la presente propuesta es analizar las prácticas que involucraron la actuación conjunta del ABC en las operaciones de paz bajo la égida de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU), así como las iniciativas de cooperación existentes en el área, buscando evaluar sus objetivos, la estructura, los avances y los resultados. El recorte temporal está delimitado entre 1990 y 2016, ya que ese período marca la superación de las relaciones más conflictivas y el crecimiento exponencial de la participación en misiones de la ONU. Para esto, el estudio pretende trazar una línea histórica que permita evaluar las relaciones entre el ABC, la participación de esos países en las operaciones de paz de las Naciones Unidas, los ejercicios combinados e iniciativas conjuntas en ese ámbito, así como la actuación en las misiones que contaron con efectivos de los tres países. Las misiones son: Misión de Observación de las Naciones Unidas en El Salvador (ONUSAL); Fuerza de las Naciones Unidas para el Mantenimiento de la Paz en Chipre (UNFICYP); Misión de Administración Interina de las Naciones Unidas en Kosovo (UNMIK); Administración de Transición de las Naciones Unidas en Timor Oriental (UNTAET); Misión de Apoyo de las Naciones Unidas en Timor Oriental (UNMISET); y Misión de las Naciones Unidas para la Estabilización de Haití (MINUSTAH).
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Abrahamsson, Zarah. "Mind the gap! : The decision making gap between the Security Council and the Troop Contributing Countries; when "all necessary means" is not enough." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-6601.
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This two part thesis investigates the lack of definition of the wording “all necessary means” and how it ultimately impacts a decision making gap between the Security Council and the troop contributing countries regarding the use of force in UN peace operations. The assumptions are based on Reus-Smit’s constructivist theory, emphasizing that both politics and international law needs to be studied with a holistic approach in order to understand how the two realms shape each other. The assumption of this thesis is that “all necessary means” is not providing enough guidance to constrain the TCCs to behave as sovereign, equal actors in an anarchical structure. The second part of the thesis is a within-case-study of MONUC/MONUSCO, and the Security Council resolution 2098 that established the Force Intervention Brigade.
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Araújo, Wemblley Lucena de. "O Brasil no conselho de segurança da ONU: a posição brasileira sobre as operações de paz no Haiti e Timor Leste." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/2128.
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The present dissertation aims to analyze the position of Brazil in the Security Council (SC) of the United Nations (UN) about the peace operations in Haiti and East Timor. Since its first performances until the latest mandates in United Nations Security Council (UNSC), the Brazil intends to integrate this body of definite form and from that status, raising its prestige and influence in the international arena. The Brazilian claims due to a permanent seat on the UNSC defend security at the regional level (Haiti - Latin America and the Caribbean) and the strengthening of procedures for cooperation with the countries of the region (Haiti) and the Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries - CPLP (East Timor) are characterized as axes that reinvigorate the importance of Brazil's role within the UNSC. Thus, Haiti and East Timor are emblematic cases of engagement of Brazilian foreign policy in troubled conflict scenarios and systematically discussed in the UNSC. Thus, based on the use of a descriptive, analytical and qualitative methodology, the central objective of this dissertation is to analyze the Brazilian position in the UNSC about the discussions on peace operations in Haiti and East Timor, and from that position, discuss the main paradigmatic elements that contribute to the understanding of Brazilian foreign policy.
A presente dissertação tem como propósito analisar a posição do Brasil no Conselho de Segurança (CS) da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) sobre as operações de paz no Haiti e no Timor Leste. Desde suas primeiras atuações no Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas (CSNU) aos mandatos mais recentes, o Brasil intenciona integrar de forma definitiva nesse organismo e a partir desse status, elevar o seu prestígio e a sua influência no cenário internacional. As pretensões brasileiras em função de um assento permanente no CSNU, na defesa da segurança no âmbito regional (Haiti América Latina e Caribe) e no fortalecimento dos processos de cooperação com os países da região (Haiti) e da Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa CPLP (Timor Leste) se configuram como eixos que revigoram a importância da atuação do Brasil no âmbito do CSNU. Desse modo, o Haiti e o Timor Leste constituem casos emblemáticos do engajamento da política externa brasileira em cenários conturbados por conflitos e sistematicamente discutidos no âmbito do CSNU. Dessa forma, baseando-se na utilização de uma metodologia descritiva, analítica e qualitativa, o objetivo central dessa dissertação consiste em analisar o posicionamento brasileiro no CSNU diante das discussões sobre as operações de paz no Haiti e no Timor Leste, e a partir desse posicionamento, discutir os principais elementos paradigmáticos que contribuem para o entendimento da política externa brasileira.
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Debiel, Tobias. "UN-Friedenssicherung in Subsahara-Afrika: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen multilateraler Konfliktbearbeitung in regionalisierten Bürgerkriegen ; eine Untersuchung im Rahmen des Global Governance-Ansatzes UN Peace Operations in Sub-Saharan Africa : Possibilities and Limits of Multilateral Conflict Management in Regionalized Civil Wars ; an Analysis within the Framework of the Global Governance Approach." Gerhard-Mercator-Universitaet Duisburg, 2002. http://www.ub.uni-duisburg.de/ETD-db/theses/available/duett-11072002-112213/.
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Can UN conflict management be effective in African civil wars? In order to answer this question, the study chooses the Global Governance approach as a frame of reference and applies it to peace and conflict research. A short historical excursion considers the role of the United Nations in the Congo conflict (1960-1964) and in southern Africa. Five case studies form the empirical core of the thesis: Namibia, Angola, Mozambique, Somalia and Rwanda. The thesis compares the experiences of the 1990's and discusses current proposals on the reform of UN peace operations (e.g. the Brahimi Report).
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Ntwari, Guy-Fleury. "L'Union africaine et la promotion de la paix, de la sécurité et de la stabilité en Afrique." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30082.
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La promotion de la paix, de la sécurité et de la stabilité est un objectif fondamental de l’Union africaine, l’Organisation continentale panafricaine. Cet objectif constitue désormais une fonction juridique essentielle pour laquelle a été mise en place au sein de l’Organisation un mécanisme approprié : l’architecture de paix et de sécurité (APSA). Bâtie sur une articulation juridique actualisée, au cœur de laquelle se trouve le Conseil de paix et de sécurité, cette fonction se trouve placée dans des conditions juridiques, devant permettre à l’Union africaine d’agir efficacement dans les situations d’atteinte à la paix, à la sécurité et à la stabilité. Plus d’une décennie après la mise en place de la nouvelle Organisation, le caractère fondamental de cette fonction pousse dès lors à s’interroger sur sa place exacte, à la lumière des capacités de l’Organisation à l’assurer à l’épreuve des faits. Cette interrogation éclaire les conditions d’émergence de la fonction mais place sa dynamique de mise en oeuvre dans un contexte ambivalent marqué tout à la fois par le caractère extensif des compétences de l’Organisation dans ce domaine mais également par la portée limitée de celle-ci face à la multiplication des conflitsThe Promotion of Peace, security and stability is a fundamental objective of the African Union, the Pan African continental organization. This aim is a now a core legal function for which has been established an appropriate scheme within the Organization: the Architecture of Peace and Security in Africa (APSA). Within an updated legal articulation, at the heart of which is the Peace and Security Council, this function is placed in legal conditions that must allow the African Union to act effectively in the cases of breach of peace, security and stability. More than a decade after the establishment of the new organization, the fundamental nature of this function, pushes therefore to question its proper place, in light of the capacity of the Organization to ensure it, at the facts test. This question illuminates emergence conditions of this function but identifies also an ambivalent dynamic in its implementation, marked at once by the extensive nature of the competences of the Organization in this area but its limited scope when facing increasing conflicts
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Dalin, Henrik. "Primadonnor eller legosoldater : Vad motiverar svenska soldater att delta i internationella insatser?" Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-6313.
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Since the year of 2010, when the Swedish military made a transition from a conscript to a voluntary force, numerous people from the Swedish defence force have participated in international missions. This study seeks to understand the motivation and sacrifice behind the choice to travel abroad to countries like Afghanistan and Mali to preserve peace. This is being done through the theory of Helle Hein’s four motivational profiles, namely The Prima donna, The Performance Addict, The Pragmatist, and The Pay Check Worker. The empirical data consists of answers from 131 respondents to a survey sent to soldiers on duty in Mali (July 2016) and 3 semi-structured interviews with soldiers who have returned home. The result of the study is presented through various diagrams and show that the motivational factors of The Performance Addict overshadows the others. Furthermore is the theory’s relationship between motivational profile and level of sacrifice confirmed, even though it should be interpreted with some caution.Sedan år 2010, när svenska försvaret gick i från ett värnplikts- till ett yrkesförsvar, har flera tusen svenska soldater deltagit i internationella insatser. Den här studien undersöker motivationsfaktorer och uppoffring hos de som väljer att åka till länder som Afghanistan och Mali för att bevara freden. Det sker genom Helle Heins fyra motivationsprofiler, nämligen Primadonnan, Prestationsjägaren, Pragmatikern och Löntagaren. Den empiriska datan består av svar från 131 respondenter från styrkan i Mali (juli 2016) samt 3 semi-strukturerade intervjuer med soldater som har återvänt hem. Resultatet av studien presenteras genom olika diagram och visar att motivationsfaktorerna hos Prestationsjägaren dominerar. Vidare bekräftas teorins samband mellan motivationsprofil och grad av uppoffring, även om det resultatet ska tolkas med viss försiktighet.
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Verhaeghe, Linda. "Les Femmes au service de la Paix. De l'établissement de la paix à l'aide humanitaire internationale, leur engagement au sein de l'UNDPKO (United Nations Department of Peace Keeping Operations) et du CICR (Comité International de la Croix-Rouge et du Croissant-Rouge)." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030089.
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La présente thèse étudie le lien entre la capacité à construire un monde de paix et la place accordée aux femmes dans la société. Elle étudie plus particulièrement les instances dont la charge principale de sauvegarder la paix leur a été confiée par la Communauté Internationale - les Nations Unies et le Comité International de la Croix-Rouge et du Croissant-Rouge - que ce soit au sein de leurs systèmes propres, qu’au sein des programmes et missions conduits par ces dernières à travers le monde. Cette thèse cherche à montrer en quoi la paix est un concept qui ne se caractérise pas uniquement par l’absence de conflit et de destruction entre des nations et des peuples, mais aussi par la construction et le développement de sociétés modernes, libérées, justes, ainsi plus sûres. Et en quoi les inégalités qui touchent les femmes dans l’ensemble des sociétés, le non-respect de leurs droits, ainsi que leur marginalisation dans les milieux de pouvoir, politique et militaire, sont en contrepartie de réels facteurs d’instabilité, d’insécurité et un risque pour la paix mondialeThis thesis studies the link between peacebuilding throughout the world and women’s position in society. It studies more particularly the main institutions which were entrusted the responsibility of protecting peace by the International Community – the United Nations and the International Committee of the Red-Cross and the Red-Crescent – within their own system and within programs and missions worldwide. This thesis tries to demonstrate that peace is a concept which is not only characterized by the absence of conflict and destruction between nations and people, but also by the development of modern, freed, right, equal, then safer, societies. And in what, as the disparities between women and men and the disregard of women’s rights, as their marginalization in the political and military circles of powers, threaten world stability and security, and constitute a risk for international peace
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Robeye, Rirangar Aime. "Genre et conflits : l'effectivité de la résolution 1325 de l'ONU de l'oeuvre sur les femmes la paix et la sécurité." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3063/document.
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Les populations civiles, dont la majorité est constituée des femmes et des enfants (près de 70%), ont été de tout temps la cible privilégiée des conflits armés, qui s’accompagnent généralement des conséquences graves en matière des violations des droits de l’homme. Et pourtant les conventions et textes juridiques internationaux protègent les personnes civiles en temps de guerre. Dans le but de lutter contre l’exclusion des femmes aux processus de paix et faciliter leur participation, le Conseil de sécurité de l’ONU a adopté le 31 octobre 2000 la résolution 1325 intitulée « les femmes, la paix et la sécurité », qui fait obligation aux Etats et aux organisations impliquées dans un conflit d’impliquer les femmes dans tous les processus de paix. L’adoption de cette résolution par le Conseil de Sécurité a permis de réaliser un certain nombre de progrès en matière de renforcement des mécanismes de protection des droits des femmes et de leur participation aux opérations de paix. Toutefois des efforts restent encore à faire pour atteindre les objectifs fixés notamment par l’adoption des plans d’actions nationaux par tous les EtatsCivilians, which most of them are women and children (nearly 70%) were always the main target of armed conflicts, which generally involve serious consequences for human rights violations. Yet international conventions and laws protect civilians in wartime. In order to fight against women's exclusion in peace processes and facilitate their involvement, the UN Security Council adopted on October 31st 2000 the 1325's Resolution entitled " Women, Peace and Security " which requires states and organizations involved in a conflict to involve women in all peace processes. The Security Council's adoption of this resolution allowed to make some progress on strengthening women's rights protection mechanisms and participation in peacekeeping operations. However, efforts are still needed to achieve the objectives including the adoption of national action plans by all States
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Searle, Deane. "Low Intensity Conflict: Contemporary Approaches and Strategic Thinking." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2591.
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Low Intensity Conflict (LIC) is a significant feature of the contemporary world and it is a particular challenge to the armed forces of many states which are involved is such conflict, or are likely to become so. This thesis is not concerned with how such difficult conflict situations arise. Rather it is concerned with how, from the point of view of the state, they may be contained and ultimately brought to a satisfactory resolution. The work is thus concerned with the practicalities of ending LIC. More specifically, the purpose of this research is to establish a framework of doctrinal and military principles applicable to the prevention and resolution of LIC. The principles of this thesis are based in numerous historical examples of LIC and six in depth case studies. These distilled principles are analysed in two central chapters, and are then applied in two latter defence force chapters so as to ensure there practicality and resilience. Numerous defence academics and military practitioners have been consulted in the production of this thesis; their contribution has further reinforced the functionality of the principles examined in this research. The research illustrates the criticality of a holistic approach to LIC. The function of this approach is to guarantee the stability of the sovereign state, by unifying civil, police, intelligence and military services. The effectiveness of the military elements must also be ensured, as military force is central to the suppression of LIC. Consequently, the research makes strategic and operational prescriptions, so as to improve the capability of defence forces that are concerned with preventing or resolving LIC.