Books: 'UN thread'

1

UN sanctions and conflict: Responding to peace and security threats. London: Routledge, 2011.

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2

Prato, Enrico Del. La minaccia di far valere un diritto. Padova: CEDAM, 1990.

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3

Österdahl, Inger. Threat to the peace: The interpretation by the Security Council of article 39 of the UN charter. Uppsala: Iustus, 1998.

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4

Simard, Danielle. Le monstre du mercredi: Un roman. Saint-Lambert, Québec: Soulières, 2001.

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5

A violation of international law as a necessary element of a "threat to the peace" under the UN charter. Baden-Baden, Germany: Nomos, 2014.

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6

Burden, Chris. Chris Burden: Un livre de survie. Paris: Blocnote Éditions, 1995.

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7

International Conference on United Nations and the New Threats: Rethinking Security (2004 New Delhi, India). UN and the new threats: Rethinking security : brief report on international conference for the UN high level panel, 1-3 July 2004, New Delhi. New Delhi: Institute of Peace & Conflict Studies, 2004.

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8

Carol Geronès, Lídia. Un bric-à-brac de la Belle Époque. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-434-9.

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Fortuny (1983) by Pere Gimferrer is the only novel (at least to date) that the author has written in Catalan and it represents one of the most unique novels of contemporary Hispanic narrative. The aims of the present study are mainly two: to shed light on one of the most important, but least studied, works by Pere Gimferrer, the greatest representative of Hispanic creativity for the Post-War Generation, and to analyse critical reception of the work and show how the novel has evolved from the time of publication in 1983 until today. This essay consists of three major parts: the study of critical reception, the narratological analysis of the text and the unveiling of the textual, but above all visual, references that make up the novel. The latter allows us to explain two essential elements of the novel: the imaginary Fortuny on the one hand and, on the other, the novel’s intertextual concrete figure of speech, its ekphrasis. The study of this intentionally visual character of the novel not only wanted to highlight the importance of two arts to which Gimferrer has always paid special attention – we refer to cinema and painting – but has also demonstrated the desire of the writer to innovate the Catalan narrative scene, using different literary devices to push the limits of the genre novel.

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9

Burleigh, Peter. America's interests in the United Nations: A U.S. response to the report of the UN Secretary-General's High-Level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change. Washington, D.C: Institute for the Study of Diplomacy, Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, 2005.

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10

Berdal, Mats R. A more secure world: our shared responsibility: Report of the UN Secretary-General's High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change : assessments of the report. Toronto, ON: Canadian Institute of International Affairs, 2005.

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11

Sotinel, Claire. Rhétorique de la faute et pastorale de la réconciliation: Dans la Lettre apologétique contre Jean de Ravenne, un texte inédit de la fin du VIe siècle. Roma, Italie: Ecole française de Rome, 1994.

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12

Engineers, American Society of Mechanical. B1.1 - 2003 Unified Inch Screw Threads, UN and UNR Thread Form. Amer Society of Mechanical, 2003.

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13

Klabbers, Jan. Intervention, Armed Intervention, Armed Attack, Threat to Peace, Act of Aggression, and Threat or Use of Force. Edited by Marc Weller. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199673049.003.0023.

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This chapter examines the international law on the use of force and related terms such as intervention, armed intervention, armed attack, threat to peace, act of aggression, and threat of force. It considers the different ways in which the use of force can be classified and explains why this occurs. The discussion begins by analysing the variety of terms used in the UN Charter and other security arrangements. It then looks at the relevant practice of states when concluding agreements on the use of force, as well as the practice of the UN Security Council and the International Court of Justice when dealing with interstate conflicts. The chapter concludes by evaluating the relationship between language and law with respect to the use of force.

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14

Vera, Paula. Division (Un, Dos, Tres / One, Two, Threee). Sigmar, 2005.

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15

Lagerwall, Anne, and François Dubuisson. The Threat of the Use of Force and Ultimata. Edited by Marc Weller. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199673049.003.0043.

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This chapter deals with international law governing the threat of force. More specifically, it discusses the conditions under which an act may be considered a threat of force contrary to the UN Charter. It shows that a threat is unlawful under Article 2(4) of the UN Charter when the use of force contemplated by the threat would itself be unlawful. The chapter also examines the application of the rule prohibiting the threat of force by focusing on three cases: the US and British threats of force against Iraq in 2002 and 2003; the dispute between Suriname and Guyana in 2007; and the conflict involving Russia and Georgia in 2009.

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16

Tabor, Nathan. The Beast on the East River: The UN Threat to America's Sovereignty and Security. Thomas Nelson, 2006.

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17

Václav, Havel, Tutu Desmond, and DLA (Firm), eds. Threat to the peace: A call for the UN Security Council to act in Burma. Washington, D.C: DLA Piper Rudnick Gray Cary, 2005.

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18

The New Face of Terrorism: Threats from Weapons of Mass Destruction. I. B. Tauris, 2002.

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19

Bellamy, Alex J. UN Security Council. Edited by Alex J. Bellamy and Tim Dunne. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198753841.013.14.

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This chapter focuses on the Security Council’s special responsibilities in relation to R2P. It argues that the adoption of R2P in 2005 reflected a growing commitment to human protection on the part of the Council, already evident in its adoption of the protection of civilians as a thematic agenda in Resolution 1265 (2000). Nevertheless, the Council was initially reluctant to embrace, let alone act upon, the responsibilities laid out by R2P largely owing to fears on the part of Russia, China, and some non-Western non-permanent members that the new concept masked an interventionist political agenda. Over time, the Council has grown significantly more supportive of R2P and comfortable with its use in both thematic and operational resolutions to the point where the inclusion of R2P language in Council resolutions has become almost habitual in situations characterized by the threat or commission of atrocity crimes.

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20

1973: La vida cotidiana de un año crucial. Santiago de Chile: Planeta, 2003.

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21

César, Albornoz, and Rolle Claudio, eds. 1973: La vida cotidiana de un año crucial. Santiago de Chile: Planeta, 2003.

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22

César, Albornoz, and Rolle Claudio, eds. 1973: La vida cotidiana de un año crucial. Santiago de Chile: Planeta, 2003.

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23

Basu, Soumita. UN, Gender, and Women. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.356.

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After the end of World War II, women’s rights advocates at the United Nations vigorously campaigned for equality between the sexes. At the UN Charter Conference held in San Francisco in 1945, women delegates fought for the recognition of sex-based discrimination as a violation of human rights in Article 1 of the Charter. At the UN, issues relating to women were primarily placed under the purview of the Commission on the Status of Women (CSW), established in June 1946 with the mandate to “prepare recommendations and report to the Economic and Social Council on promoting women’s rights in political, economic, civil, social and educational fields.” Three main perspectives underpin feminist International Relations (IR) literature on the UN, gender and women: promoting women’s participation and inclusion of women’s issues at the UN; gender critique of the UN, geared towards institutional transformation; and challenging the universality of the UN. Despite some fundamental differences between these three strands of thinking, their political significance is widely acknowledged in the literature. The co-existence of these contentious viewpoints resonates with the vibrant feminist politics at the UN, and offers a fruitful avenue for envisioning a better intergovernmental organization. This is particularly relevant in light of feminist scholars’ engagement with activism and policymaking at the UN from the very beginning. Nevertheless, there are issues that deserve further consideration, such as the workings of the UN, as reflected in its unique diplomatic characteristics and bureaucratic practices.

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24

Towards the UN reform: New threats, new responses : The Warsaw report of the Regional Conference in Support of the High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change appointed by the UN Secretary-General, Warsaw, 24-25 May 2004. Warsaw: Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2004.

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25

Towards the UN reform: New threats, new responses. The Warsaw report of the regional conference in support of the high-level panel on threats, challenges and change appointed by the UN Secretary-General, Warsaw, 24-25 May 2004. Warsaw: Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2004.

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26

Distefano, Giovanni. Use of Force. Edited by Andrew Clapham and Paola Gaeta. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199559695.003.0022.

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This chapter examines the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations (UN Charter) concerning the comprehensive ban on the use of force in international relations between states. It provides a legal definition of aggression and self-defence and addresses some unanswered questions concerning some of the alleged exceptions to the comprehensive ban on the use of force. It shows that the obligation not to resort to threat or use of force is not subordinated to the actual functioning of the UN collective security system and highlights the UN Charter’s establishment of substantive and institutional framework for making the prohibition on the use and threat of force between states a truly attainable goal.

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27

Decoeur, Henri. The Potential Role of the UN Security Council in the Suppression of State Organized Crime. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823933.003.0008.

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Chapter 7 discusses the potential role of the UN Security Council in the suppression of state organized crime. It suggests that in situations involving armed violence or a terrorist threat, state organized crime can be characterized as a threat to the peace, which opens the door for the adoption by the Security Council of coercive measures under Chapter VII of the UN Charter. It proposes that the Security Council require UN member states to establish state organized crime as a criminal offence in their domestic law and to cooperate to bring offenders to justice. It also proposes that the Security Council require member states to freeze the assets owned by state officials suspected of being involved in state organized crime.

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28

Osterdahl, Inger. Threat to the Peace: The Interpretation by the Security Council of Article 39 of the UN Charter (Studies in International Law , No 13). Coronet Books, 1998.

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29

Blokker, Niels. Reconfiguring the Un System of Collective Security. Edited by Marc Weller. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199673049.003.0009.

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This chapter examines pacific settlement and collective security as the primary instruments of the United Nations for promoting and underwriting international security. It begins by focusing on the development of newer approaches to UN-centred collective security in the new millennium in response to increased security threats. The chapter discusses economic sanctions, consent-based peacekeeping, robust peace operations, the coercive responsibility to protect (R2P), and nuclear security. In particular, it considers the evolution of peacekeeping side by side with preventive diplomacy, as well as the increase in the number of UN operations after the end of the Cold War to resolve outstanding conflicts. It also evaluates the report prepared by Algerian diplomat Lakhdar Brahimi, chair of a high-level international panel appointed by UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan to make recommendations for changes in UN peacekeeping. The chapter concludes by considering the shift from collective security to global governance.

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30

Christine, Gray. 6 The UN and the use of force. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198808411.003.0006.

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This chapter focuses on the role of the UN, illustrating the interpretation and application in practice of Chapter VII of the UN Charter and the development through practice of the institution of peacekeeping. The aim of the drafters of the UN Charter was not only to prohibit the unilateral use of force by states in Article 2(4) but also to centralize control of the use of force in the Security Council under Chapter VII. However, the formal scheme of Chapter VII under which the Security Council would have its own standing army and respond to breaches of the peace, threats to the peace, and acts of aggression did not stand up to the pressure of the Cold War. The chapter shows how peacekeeping has evolved since the end of the Cold War and examines recent proposals for reform.

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31

Dame Rosalyn, DBE, QC, Higgins, Webb Philippa, Akande Dapo, Sivakumaran Sandesh, and Sloan James. Part 3 The United Nations: What it Does, 26 Keeping the Peace. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198808312.003.0026.

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This chapter examines the role of the UN as peacekeeper. It focuses on certain measures used by the General Assembly and the Security Council that are perhaps more prominent in nature and which have been little discussed elsewhere in this volume. It considers the three important activities of the UN in keeping the peace: the role of the General Assembly in making resolutions; the role of the Security Council in authorizing non-forceful sanctions; and the role of the Security Council in authorizing force. Each of these three areas has been the subject of considerable and sustained scholarship; as such, the discussion is by no means comprehensive. Nevertheless, it attempts to highlight this very important aspect of the practice of the UN.

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32

Patz, Ronny, and Klaus H. Goetz. Managing Money and Discord in the UN. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198838333.001.0001.

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How do international organizations in the United Nations system put together their budgets? What is the role of complex principals—most notably member states—and the complex agents in the bureaucracies of international organizations in budgeting processes? And what does a focus on budgeting tell us about the changing nature of the system of international organizations? This book provides answers to these questions through a detailed examination of budgeting in the UN system. The analysis draws on both quantitative and qualitative observations for a total of twenty-two UN system organizations and detailed case studies for the United Nations, ILO, UNESCO, and WHO. The findings demonstrate the importance of three key organizational outcomes—proceduralization, routinization, and budgetary segmentation—as international organizations grapple with managing discord over priorities as a result of complex principal–agent constellations. Contrary to a common view of international bureaucracies as pathological organizations, core budget routines are mostly successfully maintained. However, principal constellations are becoming more complex, notably through the rise of voluntary contributions and non-state donors; budgetary segmentation advances (in some cases even leading to the setting up of new international organizations); and budgeting and resource mobilization have become ever more intertwined. As a consequence, the capacity of international bureaucracies to fulfill their budgeting responsibilities is stretched to the limit and beyond.

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33

Nigel D, White. Part 1 The Cold War Era (1945–89), 3 The Korean War—1950–53. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198784357.003.0003.

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This chapter examines the background of the Korean War, the positions of those states and UN organs involved in the conflict as the war ebbed and flowed across the Korean peninsula, and the many questions of legality it raised. Although its legal basis is disputed (sometimes analysed as collective self-defence or intervention at the request of the established government), the evidence presented in this chapter is that the Korean War helped to shape a decentralised UN collective security system, a model in which the UN Security Council acts under Chapter VII to mandate willing states to tackle aggressors or other threats to the peace. Furthermore, the peculiarity of the politics in the UN at the time allowed only a small window of opportunity for action by the Security Council, leading to another vision of collective security in which the UN General Assembly would play a more central role.

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34

Gowan, Richard. European Involvement in United Nations Peacekeeping. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790501.003.0050.

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European soldiers played a major part in United Nations peacekeeping during the cold war, and were heavily involved in missions in the Balkans and Africa in the early 1990s. The disasters of Rwanda and Srebrenica led most European states, with exceptions such as Ireland and Sweden, to limit their role in blue-helmet peacekeeping missions. European multinational forces and EU-flagged missions have, however, backed up UN missions in cases such as Sierra Leone, and Europeans returned to UN peacekeeping in cases including Lebanon and Mali. Officers used to NATO and EU standards remain wary of UN command and control, medical evacuation, and intelligence gathering. When Europeans deploy in UN missions, they often find their non-Western comrades ‘exotic’. Nonetheless, since the end of major operations in Afghanistan, a number of European countries have taken UN operations more seriously, especially as a tool to handle threats of terrorism and uncontrolled migration from Africa.

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35

Popovski, Vesselin. Renovating the Principal Organs of the United Nations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805373.003.0015.

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This chapter critically examines the process of reform of three principal organs of the United Nations: the General Assembly, the Security Council, and the Secretariat. It discusses the shortcomings and obstacles of the process and recommends how to move forward. The purpose of reform is to enhance both justice and security by forging more equal representation and allowing more efficient responses to threats to the peace. The chapter offers innovative ideas for revitalizing the General Assembly, improving the selection of UN Secretaries-General, and altering the Security Council’s composition according to a model of “8 + 8 + 8”—a mix of permanent, renewable, and non-renewable seats.

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36

Sebastián, Sofía. Intervention and Peace Operations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805373.003.0004.

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The hybrid and transnational nature of current conflicts poses one of today’s most pressing global security challenges, with crises ranging from western Africa to the Himalayas. This chapter evaluates the policies, strategies, and mechanisms in place in conflicts that encompass transnational security threats such as terrorism, organized crime, and cross-border sectarian insurgencies in the context of UN peace operations. International efforts aimed at addressing these threats have been ad hoc and piecemeal. Further work needs to focus on maximizing the use of existing regional initiatives and reinforcing the policy, operational, and political support for UN missions operating in these environments. The chapter draws from the Malian conflict to reflect on these issues.

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37

Shepherd, Laura J. Gender, UN Peacebuilding, and the Politics of Space. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199982721.001.0001.

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The United Nations is an organization founded at least in part on hope: hope for a postwar future offering security, human rights, justice, “social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom.” This book documents some of the ways in which the UN engages with peacebuilding as a practice of hope, under the auspices of the UN Peacebuilding Commission that was created in 2005. Hope was part of the Commission’s foundational mandate: the hope that the Commission, as a principal actor in the UN peacebuilding apparatus, would “integrate a gender perspective into all of its work”; and the hope that the Commission would “consult with civil society, non-governmental organizations, including women’s organizations, and the private sector engaged in peacebuilding activities, as appropriate.” This book engages with the work that gender is doing conceptually to organize the way that peacebuilding is defined, enacted, and resourced, as well as exploring the ways in which women, gender, and civil society are constructed in UN peacebuilding discourse. Laying bare the logics of gender and space that organize the discourse, the author argues that these constructions work independently and together to constitute the terrain of UN peacebuilding discourse in three ways: to create “conditions of impossibility” in the implementation of peacebuilding activities that take gender seriously as a power dynamic; to heavily circumscribe women’s meaningful participation in peacebuilding; and to produce hierarchies that paradoxically undermine the contemporary emphasis on “bottom-up” governance of peacebuilding activities.

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38

Adebajo, Adekeye. Boutros Boutros-Ghali, 1992–1996. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198748915.003.0007.

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Egyptian scholar-diplomat Boutros Boutros-Ghali’s relationship with the UN Security Council was a difficult one, resulting eventually in him earning the unenviable record of being the only Secretary-General to have been denied a second term in office. Boutros-Ghali bluntly condemned the double standards of the powerful Western members of the Council—the Permanent Three (P3) of the US, Britain, and France—in selectively authorizing UN interventions in “rich men’s wars” in Europe while ignoring Africa’s “orphan conflicts.” The Council’s powerful members ignored many of his ambitious ideas, preferring instead to retain tight control of decision-making on UN peacekeeping missions. Boutros-Ghali worked with the Security Council to establish peacekeeping missions in Bosnia, Cambodia, Haiti, Rwanda, and Somalia.

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39

Antonios, Tzanakopoulos. Part II Public Obligations and Regulatory Responsibilities, B Sanctions and Regulatory Responsibilities, 9 UK Sanctions Regimes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198716587.003.0009.

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There are two principle sources of sanctions regimes applicable to the UK, this chapter shows: those of the European Union (EU) and the United Nations (UN). The chapter first looks at the EU regime. The EU operates thirty-eight different sanctions regimes as of May 2016. They are of two types: regimes designed to implement UN-mandated sanctions regimes; and the EU’s autonomous sanctions regimes. Current EU policy on sanctions has been continuously updated. As the EU Basic Principles make clear, the EU looks principally to the UN Security Council as the source of sanctions. The UK sanctions regimes, which give effect to UN sanctions regimes, are principally introduced for three purposes: to legislate in the absence of EU competence (for example to introduce financial sanctions against so-called ‘domestic’ terrorists); to give effect to EU regimes (for example to impose penalties for failure to comply with obligations introduced by means of an EU Regulation); and to introduce measures ahead of an EU regime (where by acting unilaterally, the UK can act more speedily) or even independently.

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40

Weisburd, Mark. Use of Force. Edited by Marc Weller. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199673049.003.0016.

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This chapter examines restrictions on the International Court of Justice’s (ICJ) capacity to act due to problems of admissibility or justiciability with respect to the use of force. It considers how the ICJ deals with cases requiring the exercise of non-legal judgement in relation to the UN Security Council’s authority. It also looks at disputes involving the use of force that can be decided only through the exercise of non-legal judgement. Five cases are highlighted: Corfu Channel (UK v. Albania), Nicaragua v. US, the ICJ’s advisory opinion on the legality of the threat or use of nuclear weapons, Oil Platforms (Iran v. US), and Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory. The chapter concludes by focusing on cases involving matters that are arguably within the province of the UN Security Council.

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41

NGO Committee on Disarmament. and United Nations. Dept. for Disarmament Affairs., eds. Reducing the threat of biological weapons: Panel discussions held between 2000 and 2003 by the NGO Committee on Disarmament, Peace and Security, in cooperation with the UN Department for Disarmament Affairs. New York: United Nations, 2004.

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42

Blokker, Niels. Outsourcing the Use of Force. Edited by Marc Weller. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199673049.003.0010.

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This chapter discusses developments in operations authorized by the UN Security Council in the context of the rules governing use of force in international relations. It considers three elements surrounding criticism of the carte blanche nature of Resolution 678 authorizing the use of ‘all necessary means’ against Iraq following its invasion of Kuwait. First, the authorization has no time limit; secondly, it has an extremely broad mandate; thirdly, coalition forces were asked ‘to keep the Security Council regularly informed’. The chapter examines whether the trend towards more Security Council control of authorized operations has persisted. It analyses elements of the authorization resolutions adopted by the Council between 2000 and 2012 and their implications for potential UN responsibility. It argues that operational decision-making is outsourced to implementing states or international organizations but that there are cases when the UN may be held responsible for wrongful acts committed by the authorized operation.

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43

Malgosia, Fitzmaurice. Part III Human Health and Human Rights, 17 Intergenerational Equity, Ocean Governance, and the United Nations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198823964.003.0017.

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This chapter examines the role of the United Nations (UN) in fulfilling the concept of intergenerational equity as it relates to ocean governance. The concept of intergenerational equity is inexorably linked to the principle of sustainable development. Three basic principles underpin intergenerational equity: conservation of options, conservation of quality, and conservation of access. The chapter first considers the concept of intergenerational equity within the context of sustainable development and environmental protection before discussing international conventions and soft law instruments including the principle of intergenerational equity. It then explains how the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) takes into account intergenerational equity and goes on to review national and international case-law concerning intergenerational equity and the rights of future generations. It also analyses constitutional and institutional protection of the rights of future generations and concludes with an assessment of UN approaches addressing the needs of future generations.

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44

Schmitt, Michael N. The Use of Cyber Force and International Law. Edited by Marc Weller. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199673049.003.0053.

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This chapter focuses on the use of cyber force on and off the battlefield within the framework of international law. Drawing on the work of the Tallinn Manual on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Warfare (2013), it considers the jus ad bellum issues surrounding cyber operations. In particular, it examines when cyber operations violate the prohibition on the use (or threat) of force set forth in Article 2(4) of the UN Charter and customary international law, and when a state that has been the target of cyber operations may retaliate with its own use of force. The chapter also discusses two exceptions to the prohibition on the use of force under Article 51 of the UN Charter, one of which is the exercise of the right of self-defence. Finally, it analyses state interpretations of international law’s prescriptive norms regarding the use of force when applied to cyberspace.

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45

Sven, Peterke, and Wolf Joachim. Part IV Transnational Organised Crime as Matter of Certain Branches of International Law, 18 International Humanitarian Law and Transnational Organised Crime. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198733737.003.0018.

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This chapter analyses the interplay of the use of force in international law and transnational organised crime (TOC). It suggests understanding organised criminal groups as addressees of certain parts of the international legal order that deal with the use of force. For instance, Article 51 United Nations (UN) Charter gives states the right to self-defence following an armed attack without specifying that the armed attack must be carried out by a state. Such an attack can equally emanate from organised criminal groups which, in turn, makes them partial subjects of international law. If gangs engage in TOC, often their action also poses a threat to international peace and security under Article 39 UN Charter. It lies thus within the mandate of the Security Council to deal with such action. The Council has started to do so in recent years and it is called upon to continue this line of work.

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46

Salton, Herman T. Morality. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733591.003.0010.

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This chapter traces the link between the muscular approach to peacekeeping advocated by Boutros-Ghali early in his term, the ‘moral’ purpose he attached to his role as Secretary-General, his predilection for DPA over DPKO, and his performance in Rwanda. Following a chronological trajectory from 1990 to 1994, the chapter considers that link by exploring the idea of UN ‘moral authority’ and the reasons behind Boutros-Ghali’s support for it. The chapter then contrasts such an idea with Boutros-Ghali’s relations with Presidents Mitterrand of France, Habyarimana of Rwanda, and Mubarak of Egypt. Three questions arise: did Boutros-Ghali’s proximity to one side of Rwanda’s ethnic divide (the Hutus) prior to becoming SG affect his relations with the other (the Tutsis)? Did such proximity compromise his independence, neutrality, and impartiality—three sources of the SG’s moral authority? And was his conduct compatible with his ‘moral’ view of the UN?

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47

DasGupta, Sayantani. The Politics of the Pedagogy: Cripping, Queering and Un-homing Health Humanities. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360192.003.0007.

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Drawing upon progressive pedagogical theorists and her own experiences, the author examines the potential effects and ethical responsibility of the health humanities workshop/classroom. Is it possible to search for oppositional knowledge—as described by Talpade Mohanty—within the health humanities disciplines; what does it mean to crip, queer, or un-home these many fields? In what ways might narrative work pose risks to students when it is practiced without attention to the operation of power and privilege? The author describes the evolution of her own pedagogical approach and proposes three pedagogical pillars to guide socially just narrative practices: narrative humility, structural competency, and engaged pedagogy. By embracing the state of being “un-homed”, the health humanities may strive to become a multiply layered space and time that both affirms difference and provides an alternative to authoritarian power and oppression.

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Salton, Herman T. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733591.003.0001.

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This introduction outlines the rationale, arguments, sources, focus, and architecture of the book. It also explains the author’s involvement with the Goulding Archive and reviews the promises and perils that such a primary source offers, including in terms of potential bias (both internal and external). The introduction also identifies three explanations for the Secretariat’s fragmentation in the early 1990s—bureaucratic, power-political, and conceptual—and argues that these pathologies still affect the UN organization today. Through a ‘micro-history’ of the Rwandan crisis as seen from New York, the introduction further explains why and how the events of 1994 provide the contours of a ‘macro-history’ of the UN Secretariat as a whole.

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Karlsrud, John. Mali. Edited by Alex J. Bellamy and Tim Dunne. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198753841.013.42.

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This chapter examines the crisis in Mali in 2012 with regard to the principle of responsibility to protect (R2P). The chapter discusses all three pillars of R2P, but in particular the decision by the UN Security Council to mandate an African-led intervention in Mali under Chapter VII of the UN Charter, and the subsequent deployment of the French Opération Serval. While supporters of the intervention have highlighted the need to protect civilians facing the march of terrorist and extremist groups towards Bamako, other commentators warned against an international intervention that could securitize the situation and subdue the calls for a necessary political dialogue that could lead to long-term solutions for the country.

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Sarnowsky, Jürgen, ed. Hamburgs Gedächtnis – die Threse des Hamburger Rates. Die Regesten der Urkunden im Staatsarchiv der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg (1400–1440). Hamburg University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/hup.214.

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Wie in allen mittelalterlichen Städten gewann die Schriftlichkeit im Laufe des späteren Mittelalters auch in Hamburg zunehmend an Bedeutung. Neben der Anlage verschiede-ner Stadtbücher wuchs der Bedarf, die Originale wichtiger Dokumente sicher aufzube-wahren. Diese wurden in der sogenannten Threse gesammelt, die bald einen eigenen Bereich des sich ausbildenden städtischen Archivs ausmachte. Als 1842 das Hamburger Rathaus zusammen mit großen Teilen der Stadt niederbrannte, waren die Threse-Bestände an einem anderen Ort gelagert und überstanden anders als das im Rathaus verwahrte Gebrauchsschrifttum das Feuer. Obwohl so der Bestand im Staatsarchiv Hamburg weitgehend vollständig überliefert ist (mit Ausnahme einiger Verluste unter anderem durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg), bildet bis heute die nach dem Brand erfolgte Verzeichnung durch Johann Martin Lappenberg die Grundlage für die Arbeit mit dem Material. Eine umfassende wissenschaftliche Aufar-beitung blieb lange ein Desiderat. Im Rahmen eines von der Deutschen Forschungsge-meinschaft geförderten Projekts an der Universität Hamburg, das nach dem Auslaufen der Förderung 2012 mit Eigenmitteln fortgesetzt wurde, entstand bis 2014 der erste Band von Regesten zu den Urkunden der Threse für die Jahre 1350 bis 1399. Nunmehr liegt der ebenfalls von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft geförderte zweite Band der Reihe „Hamburgs Gedächtnis — die Threse des Hamburger Rates“ für die Jahre 1400-1440 vor. Nach umfangreichen Vorarbeiten von Dr. Sebastian Kubon (bis Februar 2019) übernahm Prof. Dr. Jürgen Sarnowsky Anfang 2019 die Bearbeitung des Bandes. Gegenüber dem ersten Band wurden aus pragmatischen Gründen einige Änderungen vorgenommen, doch sind die Regesten wie im ersten Band als Vollregesten gestaltet. Sie bieten die voll-ständigen Informationen aus den einzelnen Briefen und Urkunden, mit allen Namen, mit relevanten wörtlichen Auszügen und der vollständigen Datumszeile. Die Stücke selbst sind mit ihren Rückseiten umfassend beschrieben, ergänzt durch Editionen, Regesten und erschließende Literatur. Ein Register ermöglicht die Übersicht über die erfassten Stücke, dazu kommen das Personen- und Ortsregister. Im Personenregister sind die un-terschiedlichen Namensformen möglichst vollständig erfasst, aber Nachweise nur zu-sammengeführt, wenn die Identität der Personen gesichert werden konnte. Bedeutende Amtsträger sind durch Kürzel (für Ratsherren, Domherren, Pfarrer, Vikare und andere) als solche kenntlich gemacht.

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Books on the topic 'UN thread'

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