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1

Ills, Janice. "Unanesthetized Infants Article Challenged." AORN Journal 47, no. 3 (1988): 664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)66514-4.

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2

Anastasio, T. J., M. J. Correia, and A. A. Perachio. "Spontaneous and driven responses of semicircular canal primary afferents in the unanesthetized pigeon." Journal of Neurophysiology 54, no. 2 (1985): 335–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1985.54.2.335.

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Spontaneous activity from 120 vestibular semicircular canal (SC) primary afferents and driven responses from 20 SC primary afferents to 2.3-decade bandwidth (0.029-6.152 Hz) sum of sinusoidal angular rotations were characterized in 10 unanesthetized pigeons. The results were compared with those previously gathered from barbiturate anesthetized pigeons. The average spontaneous mean firing rate (MFR) of SC primary afferents in unanesthetized pigeons was found to be 168 impulses per second (I/s), n = 120, and is approximately 80% higher than that for SC primary afferents in anesthetized pigeons [
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3

HASHIMOTO, HARUHISA, and RUSSELL L. PREWITT. "Arteriolar dimensions from unanesthetized rabbits." Japanese Circulation Journal 50, no. 5 (1986): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1253/jcj.50.449.

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4

Lawson, Jill R. "Unanesthetized Infants Question Raised Again." AORN Journal 47, no. 6 (1988): 1360–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)66311-x.

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5

Bergren, D. R. "Capsaicin challenge, reflex bronchoconstriction, and local action of substance P." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 254, no. 5 (1988): R845—R852. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1988.254.5.r845.

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Capsaicin was administered as an aerosol to unanesthetized guinea pigs in a whole body plethysmograph and intravenously to anesthetized guinea pigs to investigate its mechanism of action. Capsaicin increased specific airway resistance in the unanesthetized guinea pigs and increased insufflation pressure in anesthetized guinea pigs. To investigate the possible reflex action of capsaicin, an atropine or lidocaine aerosol was administered before the capsaicin aerosol challenge in unanesthetized guinea pigs. Both lidocaine and atropine reduced the effect of capsaicin. However, neither intravenous
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6

Shearer, Madeleine H. "Surgery on the Paralyzed, Unanesthetized Newborn." Birth 13, no. 2 (1986): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-536x.1986.tb01012.x.

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7

Awal, Mehraj R., Gregory S. Wirak, Christopher V. Gabel, and Christopher W. Connor. "Collapse of Global Neuronal States in Caenorhabditis elegans under Isoflurane Anesthesia." Anesthesiology 133, no. 1 (2020): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000003304.

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Background A comprehensive understanding of how anesthetics facilitate a reversible collapse of system-wide neuronal function requires measurement of neuronal activity with single-cell resolution. Multineuron recording was performed in Caenorhabditis elegans to measure neuronal activity at varying depths of anesthesia. The authors hypothesized that anesthesia is characterized by dyssynchrony between neurons resulting in a collapse of organized system states. Methods Using light-sheet microscopy and transgenic expression of the calcium-sensitive fluorophore GCaMP6s, a majority of neurons (n = 1
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8

Hegarty, A. A., L. F. Hayward, and R. B. Felder. "Sympathetic responses to stimulation of area postrema in decerebrate and anesthetized rats." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 268, no. 3 (1995): H1086—H1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1995.268.3.h1086.

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The effects of electrical and chemical stimulation of the area postrema (AP) on mean arterial pressure (MAP) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) were examined in urethan- and pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized rats and in unanesthetized decerebrate rats. The AP was electrically stimulated over a range of frequencies (10–100 Hz) and intensities (10–80 microA) with a pulse duration of 0.2 or 1.0 ms. The excitatory amino acid L-glutamate (100 or 200 mM) was microinjected into the AP to preferentially stimulate neuronal cell bodies. In urethan-anesthetized rats, electrical stimulation of th
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9

Leung, Cynthia G., and Peggy Mason. "Physiological Properties of Raphe Magnus Neurons During Sleep and Waking." Journal of Neurophysiology 81, no. 2 (1999): 584–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.81.2.584.

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Physiological properties of raphe magnus neurons during sleep and waking. Neurons in the medullary raphe magnus (RM) that are important in the descending modulation of nociceptive transmission are classified by their response to noxious tail heat as on,off, or neutral cells. Experiments in anesthetized animals demonstrate that RM on cells facilitate and off cells inhibit nociceptive transmission. Yet little is known of the physiology of these cells in the unanesthetized animal. The first aim of the present experiments was to determine whether cells with on- and off-like responses to noxious he
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10

Berwick, Jason, Chris Martin, John Martindale, et al. "Hemodynamic Response in the Unanesthetized Rat: Intrinsic Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy of the Barrel Cortex." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 22, no. 6 (2002): 670–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004647-200206000-00005.

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Optical imaging spectroscopy was used to measure the hemodynamic response of somatosensory cortex to stimulation of the whiskers. Responses to brief puffs of air were compared in anesthetized and unanesthetized rats. The hemodynamic response was approximately four times larger in the unanesthetized animal than the corresponding anesthetized animal. In unanesthetized animals, a short-latency (approximately 400 milliseconds) short-duration (approximately 300 milliseconds) hemodynamic startle response was observed. General linear model analysis was used to extract this component from the time ser
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11

Somu, Yogeshpriya, Selvaraj Palanisamy, Saravanan Mani, Ramkumar Premkumar Kumutha, and Venkatesan Margandan. "Electrocardiogram of unanesthetized homing turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)." Applied Biological Research 21, no. 3 (2019): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-4517.2019.00032.6.

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12

Franchini, Kleber G., Vera L. L. Oliveira, and Eduardo M. Krieger. "Hemodynamics of Chemoreflex Activation in Unanesthetized Rats." Hypertension 30, no. 3 (1997): 699–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.hyp.30.3.699.

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13

Madeddu, Paolo, Maria Bonaria Salis, Anna Franca Milia, et al. "Cardiovascular Effects of Nociceptin in Unanesthetized Mice." Hypertension 33, no. 3 (1999): 914–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.hyp.33.3.914.

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14

Olson, E. B., C. J. Bohne, M. R. Dwinell, et al. "Ventilatory long-term facilitation in unanesthetized rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 91, no. 2 (2001): 709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2001.91.2.709.

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We tested the hypothesis that unanesthetized rats exhibit ventilatory long-term facilitation (LTF) after intermittent, but not continuous, hypoxia. Minute ventilation (V˙e) and carbon dioxide production (V˙co 2) were measured in unanesthetized, unrestrained male Sprague-Dawley rats via barometric plethysmography before, during, and after exposure to continuous or intermittent hypoxia. Hypoxia was either isocapnic [inspired O2 fraction (Fi O2 ) = 0.08–0.09 and inspired CO2 fraction (Fi CO2 ) = 0.04] or poikilocapnic (Fi O2 = 0.11 and Fi CO2 = 0.00). Sixty minutes after intermittent hypoxia, V˙e
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15

Chambers, Anna R., Kenneth E. Hancock, Stéphane F. Maison, M. Charles Liberman, and Daniel B. Polley. "Sound-Evoked Olivocochlear Activation in Unanesthetized Mice." Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 13, no. 2 (2011): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10162-011-0306-z.

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16

Slaaf, Dick W., Robert S. Reneman, and Curt A. Wiederhielm. "Pressure regulation in muscle of unanesthetized bats." Microvascular Research 33, no. 3 (1987): 315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-2862(87)90026-4.

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17

Drummond, Willa, and Hugh Shrager. "Ethanol Induced Dose-Dependent Vasoconstriction in Unanesthetized Lambs." Experimental Lung Research 9, no. 3-4 (1985): 341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01902148509057532.

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18

Albrecht, R. F., D. J. Miletich, and M. Ruttle. "Cerebral effects of extended hyperventilation in unanesthetized goats." Stroke 18, no. 3 (1987): 649–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.str.18.3.649.

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19

De Troyer, A., J. J. Gilmartin, and V. Ninane. "Abdominal muscle use during breathing in unanesthetized dogs." Journal of Applied Physiology 66, no. 1 (1989): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.66.1.20.

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The pattern of abdominal muscle use during breathing in unanesthetized dogs is unknown. Therefore, we have recorded the electromyograms of the rectus abdominis, external oblique, and transversus abdominis in eight conscious animals breathing quietly in the sitting, standing, and prone postures. During quiet breathing in the sitting posture, all animals invariably had a large amount of phasic expiratory activity in the transversus abdominis. In contrast, only four animals showed some expiratory activity in the external oblique, and only one animal had expiratory activity in the rectus abdominis
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20

Rigatto, H., C. Wiebe, C. Rigatto, D. S. Lee, and D. Cates. "Ventilatory response to hypoxia in unanesthetized newborn kittens." Journal of Applied Physiology 64, no. 6 (1988): 2544–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.64.6.2544.

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We studied the ventilatory response to hypoxia in 11 unanesthetized newborn kittens (n = 54) between 2 and 36 days of age by use of a flow-through system. During quiet sleep, with a decrease in inspired O2 fraction from 21 to 10%, minute ventilation increased from 0.828 +/- 0.029 to 1.166 +/- 0.047 l.min-1.kg-1 (P less than 0.001) and then decreased to 0.929 +/- 0.043 by 10 min of hypoxia. The late decrease in ventilation during hypoxia was related to a decrease in tidal volume (P less than 0.001). Respiratory frequency increased from 47 +/- 1 to 56 +/- 2 breaths/min, and integrated diaphragma
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21

Alworth, Leanne C., Lisa M. Kelly, Tanya L. Cooper, and Greg W. Salyards. "Unassisted blood collection from unanesthetized rats and gerbils." Lab Animal 41, no. 6 (2012): 155–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/laban0612-155.

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22

STEMLER, FRED W., THERESA M. TEZAK-REID, MICHAEL P. MCCLUSKEY, et al. "Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Oximes in Unanesthetized Pigs." Toxicological Sciences 16, no. 3 (1991): 548–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/16.3.548.

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23

Diaz-Buxo, J. A., S. Blumenthal, D. Hayes, P. Gores, and B. Gordon. "Galactosamine-induced fulminant hepatic necrosis in unanesthetized canines." Hepatology 25, no. 4 (1997): 950–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.510250427.

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24

Carlson, D. E., E. J. DeMaria, R. W. Campbell, C. Chrostek, C. T. Graeber, and D. S. Gann. "Atrial peptide release after hemorrhage in unanesthetized swine." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 256, no. 4 (1989): R915—R921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1989.256.4.r915.

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Hemorrhage of 14 ml/kg in 5 min was done in two groups of chronically prepared, splenectomized Yorkshire pigs. Group 1 was studied on post-operative day 4 and was conditioned behaviorally with "active restraint", whereas group 2 was studied on postoperative day 6 and was conditioned with behavioral "shaping." The peak decrease in blood volume occurred by 0.25 h after hemorrhage in both groups. However, plasma atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) as measured by radioimmunoassay did not decrease significantly until 2 h in group 1 and 0.5 h in group 2 even though the recovery of blood volume was signi
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25

Garcia, J. L., B. Gomez, L. Monge, A. L. Garcia-Villalon, and G. Dieguez. "Endothelin action on cerebral circulation in unanesthetized goats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 261, no. 3 (1991): R581—R587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1991.261.3.r581.

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The effects of endothelin 1 on the internal maxillary artery blood flow, measured as an index of cerebral blood flow, were examined in six unanesthetized goats under control conditions, hypercapnia induced by inhalation of 10% CO2 in air, hypertension by intravenous infusion of norepinephrine, and hypotension by intravenous injection of diazoxide. Under control, administration of endothelin (0.01-0.3 nmol) into the internal maxillary artery produced dose-dependent sustained decreases in cerebral blood flow and increases in cerebrovascular resistance; higher doses (0.1 and 0.3 nmol) also caused
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26

Smith, T. L., T. G. Coleman, K. A. Stanek, and W. R. Murphy. "Hemodynamic monitoring for 24 h in unanesthetized rats." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 253, no. 6 (1987): H1335—H1341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1987.253.6.h1335.

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A new technique is described that allows minute-to-minute recordings of cardiac output and arterial pressure in unanesthetized rats for periods of 24 h and longer. Rats were instrumented with electromagnetic flow probes and arterial catheters. An electrical and hydraulic swivel was interposed between the rat and recording apparatus to allow free range of movement. Data were collected and analyzed once each minute by computer. Average 24-h values (mean +/- SD) for the following hemodynamic variables were determined in eight rats [expressed where appropriate as a function of body weight (BW)]: c
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27

Reiner, Peter B. "Clonidine inhibits central noradrenergic neurons in unanesthetized cats." European Journal of Pharmacology 115, no. 2-3 (1985): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(85)90697-1.

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28

Fukuda, Hiroshi, Tatsuya Tanaka, Mitsunobu Kaijima, Hirofumi Nakai, and Yukichi Yonemasu. "Quisqualic acid-induced hippocampal seizures in unanesthetized cats." Neuroscience Letters 59, no. 1 (1985): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(85)90214-9.

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29

Rigdon, Greg C., and Robert S. Dyer. "Ontogeny of flash-evoked potentials in unanesthetized rats." International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience 5, no. 5-6 (1987): 447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0736-5748(87)90022-0.

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30

Lenhardt, Rainer, Robert Greif, Daniel I. Sessler, Sonja Laciny, Angela Rajek, and Hiva Bastanmehr. "Relative Contribution of Skin and Core Temperatures to Vasoconstriction and Shivering Thresholds during Isoflurane Anesthesia." Anesthesiology 91, no. 2 (1999): 422–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199908000-00016.

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Background Thermoregulatory control is based on both skin and core temperatures. Skin temperature contributes approximately 20% to control of vasoconstriction and shivering in unanesthetized humans. However, this value has been used to arithmetically compensate for the cutaneous contribution to thermoregulatory control during anesthesia--although there was little basis for assuming that the relation was unchanged by anesthesia. It even remains unknown whether the relation between skin and core temperatures remains linear during anesthesia. We therefore tested the hypothesis that mean skin temp
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31

Mack, Gary W. "Hypothalamic control of body temperature: insights from the past." Journal of Applied Physiology 97, no. 5 (2004): 1593–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/classicessays.00011.2004.

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This essay looks at the historical significance of three APS classic papers that are freely available online: Hammel HT, Hardy JD, and Fusco MM. Thermoregulatory responses to hypothalamic cooling in unanesthetized dogs. Am J Physiol 198: 481—486, 1960 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/198/3/481 ). Hammel HT, Jackson DC, Stolwijk JAJ, Hardy JD, and Strømme SB. Temperature regulation by hypothalamic proportional control with an adjustable set point. J Appl Physiol 18: 1146—1154, 1963 ( http://jap.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/18/6/1146 ). Hellstrøm B and Hammel HT. Some characteristics
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32

Mack, Gary W. "Hypothalamic control of body temperature: insights from the past." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 287, no. 5 (2004): R1012—R1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/classicessays.00011a.2004.

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This essay looks at the historical significance of three APS classic papers that are freely available online: Hammel HT, Hardy JD, and Fusco MM. Thermoregulatory responses to hypothalamic cooling in unanesthetized dogs. Am J Physiol 198: 481-486, 1960 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/198/3/481 ). Hammel HT, Jackson DC, Stolwijk JAJ, Hardy JD, and Strømme SB. Temperature regulation by hypothalamic proportional control with an adjustable set point. J Appl Physiol 18: 1146-1154, 1963 ( http://jap.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/18/6/1146 ). Hellstrøm B and Hammel HT. Some characteristics
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33

Kregel, K. C., P. T. Wall, and C. V. Gisolfi. "Peripheral vascular responses to hyperthermia in the rat." Journal of Applied Physiology 64, no. 6 (1988): 2582–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.64.6.2582.

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To investigate the sequence and nature of the peripheral vascular responses during the prodromal period of heat stroke, rats were implanted with Doppler flow probes on the superior mesenteric (SMA), left iliac (LIA) or left renal (LRA), and external caudal (ECA) arteries. Studies were performed in unanesthetized rats (n = 6) exposed to 46 degrees C and in chloralose-anesthetized animals (n = 11) at 40 degrees C. Core (Tc) and tail-skin temperatures, heart rate, and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were also monitored. In both groups, prolonged (70–150 min) exposure progressively elevated Tc
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34

Foo, H., and Peggy Mason. "Movement-Related Discharge of Ventromedial Medullary Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 93, no. 2 (2005): 873–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00750.2004.

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Studies in anesthetized animals implicate nonserotonergic cells in the ventromedial medulla (VMM) in opioid modulation of nociceptive transmission but do not reveal the conditions that engage VMM cells in unanesthetized rats. The few studies of VMM cells in unanesthetized rats show that VMM cells change their discharge across the sleep-wake cycle and during active movements. Since active movements are more likely to occur during waking than sleep, state-related discharge may in fact represent movement-related discharge. In this study, we recorded the discharge of VMM neurons in unanesthetized,
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35

McCain, Hulon W., and Roy L. Mundy. "Central and peripheral actions of salicylate in altering nonpyrogenic thermoregulation of rats." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 65, no. 4 (1987): 558–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y87-094.

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The effects on body temperature of intracerebroventricular and intraperitoneal sodium salicylate were evaluated in anesthetized and nonanesthetized, nonrestrained rats. Also, the effects of various neurotransmitter receptor blocking drugs were evaluated on salicylate-induced hypothermia of nonanesthetized animals. Sodium salicylate, 150–350 mg/kg induced a dose-related hypothermia of unanesthetized animals. However, in anesthetized animals, marked hyperthermia was observed. In unanesthetized, unrestrained rats, intracerebroventricular administration of 1.0 mg/h salicylate caused greater hypoth
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36

Pons, Marianne, Juliette Tranchot, Beatrice L'azou, and Jean Cambar. "Circadian Rhythms of Renal Hemodynamics in Unanesthetized, Unrestrained Rats." Chronobiology International 11, no. 5 (1994): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07420529409057246.

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37

NARA, Yoshihiro, Yasuo MOROHOSHI, Noriaki IKEDA, Shigenobu NAKAYAMA, and Takeshi NAKANO. "The Electrocardiogram of Unanesthetized Cats Fixed in a Net." Experimental Animals 35, no. 1 (1986): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1538/expanim1978.35.1_21.

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38

Momoo, Takayuki, Ken Johkura, and Yoshiyuki Kuroiwa. "Jugular phlebectasia: A manometric study in an unanesthetized patient." Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 15, no. 8 (2008): 914–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2007.08.020.

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39

Ueno, Akira. "Methodology on cardiovascular research in unanesthetized and unrestrained dogs." Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 43 (1987): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-5198(19)57949-5.

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40

Melis, Miriam, Gian Luigi Gessa, and Marco Diana. "Clozapine does activate nigrostriatal dopamine neurons in unanesthetized rats." European Journal of Pharmacology 363, no. 2-3 (1998): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-2999(98)00822-x.

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41

Bhattacharya, J., T. Cruz, S. Bhattacharya, and B. A. Bray. "Hyaluronan affects extravascular water in lungs of unanesthetized rabbits." Journal of Applied Physiology 66, no. 6 (1989): 2595–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.66.6.2595.

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We have determined whether changes in lung hyaluronan content affect extravascular water in lungs of unanesthetized rabbits. Three groups of experiments were performed. In group 1 (n = 12), no infusions were given; in group 2, nine pairs of rabbits received either intravenous hyaluronidase (750 U.kg-1.min-1) or an equivalent volume of saline; in group 3, nine pairs of rabbits received either hyaluronidase or saline, followed by intravenous saline infusion amounting to 24% of body weight. At the end of each experiment, one lung was analyzed for extravascular lung water by the wet-dry method. Ex
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42

Fluckiger, J. P., G. Gremaud, B. Waeber, et al. "Measurement of sympathetic nerve activity in the unanesthetized rat." Journal of Applied Physiology 67, no. 1 (1989): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.67.1.250.

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A new system was developed in our laboratory to continuously monitor intra-arterial pressure, heart rate, and sympathetic nerve activity in unanesthetized rats. The animals were prepared 24 h before the start of the experiments. Sympathoneural traffic was measured at the level of splanchnic nerve. The amplitude of the spikes recorded at this level was utilized to express sympathetic nerve activity. The amplitude of the residual electroneurogram signal present 30 min after the rats were killed was 32 +/- 2 mV (mean +/- SE; n = 11). For analysis, these background values were subtracted from valu
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43

Weese-Mayer, D. E., L. M. Klemka, R. T. Brouillette, and C. E. Hunt. "Effects of almitrine on respiration in unanesthetized newborn rabbits." Journal of Applied Physiology 64, no. 2 (1988): 817–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.64.2.817.

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We previously demonstrated that almitrine, a peripheral chemoreceptor stimulant, increased tidal volume (VT), expired minute ventilation (VE), and respiratory frequency (f) and decreased inspiratory (TI) and expiratory time (TE) in sleeping adult cats. We now hypothesized that almitrine would induce an increase in ventilation in a young animal model. Respiration was studied by the barometric method in 11 unanesthetized New Zealand White rabbit pups between 3 and 6 days of age. Recordings were made in 0.21 FIO2 at base line and after cumulative intraperitoneal infusions of almitrine (2.5, 5.0,
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44

Hromádka, Tomáš, Michael R. DeWeese, and Anthony M. Zador. "Sparse Representation of Sounds in the Unanesthetized Auditory Cortex." PLoS Biology 6, no. 1 (2008): e16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0060016.

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45

Ma, Wei-Li Diana, and Stephan D. Brenowitz. "Single-neuron recordings from unanesthetized mouse dorsal cochlear nucleus." Journal of Neurophysiology 107, no. 3 (2012): 824–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00427.2011.

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Because of the availability of disease and genetic models, the mouse has become a valuable species for auditory neuroscience that will facilitate long-term goals of understanding neuronal mechanisms underlying the perception and processing of sounds. The goal of this study was to define the basic sound-evoked response properties of single neurons in the mouse dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN). Neurons producing complex spikes were distinguished as cartwheel cells (CWCs), and other neurons were classified according to the response map scheme previously developed in DCN. Similar to observations in o
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46

Takahashi, I., M. K. Kern, W. J. Dodds, W. J. Hogan, R. D. Layman, and H. V. Ammon. "Fasting and postprandial hepatic bile flow in unanesthetized opossums." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 259, no. 5 (1990): G745—G752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1990.259.5.g745.

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Abstract:
In conscious opossums, we evaluated the relationship between hepatic bile flow and the intestinal motor function during fasting as well as after feeding. In six opossums, bipolar electrodes were implanted from the gastric antrum to the terminal ileum. After cholecystectomy, the common duct was ligated, and a catheter was tied into the proximal common duct for collecting hepatic bile. During subsequent studies, hepatic bile flow was measured, and bile was returned to the duodenum through an externalized duodenal catheter. Cyclic increases in bile flow during fasting did not show a close correla
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47

Prist, R., A. Scalabrini, ESV Fran??a, IJC Coelho C Meneghetti, and M. Rocha e Silva. "8; SEVERE HEMORRHAGE IN ANESTHETIZED, SEDATED, and UNANESTHETIZED DOGS." SHOCK 1, Supplement (1994): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00024382-199401001-00009.

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Rérat, Alain, Pierre Vaissade, and Pierre Vaugelade. "Comparative Digestion of Maltitol and Maltose in Unanesthetized Pigs." Journal of Nutrition 121, no. 5 (1991): 737–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/121.5.737.

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49

Butelman, Eduardo R., Jonathan W. Ball, Todd J. Harris, and Mary Jeanne Kreek. "Topical Capsaicin-Induced Allodynia in Unanesthetized Primates: Pharmacological Modulation." Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 306, no. 3 (2003): 1106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/jpet.103.052381.

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50

STEMLER, F. "Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oximes in unanesthetized pigs*1." Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 16, no. 3 (1991): 548–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0272-0590(91)90094-k.

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