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Journal articles on the topic 'Unbiased interval estimates'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Skalski, John R., Annette Hoffmann, Bruce H. Ransom, and Tracey W. Steig. "Fixed-Location Hydroacoustic Monitoring Designs for Estimating Fish Passage Using Stratified Random and Systematic Sampling." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50, no. 6 (1993): 1208–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f93-137.

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Five alternative finite sampling designs are compared using 15 d of 24-h continuous hydroacoustic data to identify the most favorable approach to fixed-location hydroacoustic monitoring of salmonid outmigrants. Four alternative approaches to systematic sampling are compared among themselves and with stratified random sampling (STRS). Stratifying systematic sampling (STSYS) on a daily basis is found to reduce sampling error in multiday monitoring studies. Although sampling precision was predictable with varying levels of effort in STRS, neither magnitude nor direction of change in precision was

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Zarrukh Rakhimov. "Simulation study on bootstrap confidence intervals in linear models: Case of heteroscedasticity." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 23, no. 3 (2024): 2250–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.3.2866.

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OLS models have several assumptions for its interval estimations to be unbiased and efficient. Non-constant variance of residuals can cause serious issues in making inferences on coefficients as well as interval estimations. In this paper, we discuss the presence of heteroscedasticity in a linear model and suggest a paired bootstrap approach as an assumption-free approach on constructing confidence intervals. We carry a simulation study to compare bootstrap confidence intervals to traditional intervals. We conclude bootstrap intervals, though not perfect, can give better interval estimates whe

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Zarrukh, Rakhimov. "Simulation study on bootstrap confidence intervals in linear models: Case of heteroscedasticity." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 23, no. 3 (2024): 2250–59. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14964580.

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OLS models have several assumptions for its interval estimations to be unbiased and efficient. Non-constant variance of residuals can cause serious issues in making inferences on coefficients as well as interval estimations. In this paper, we discuss the presence of heteroscedasticity in a linear model and suggest a paired bootstrap approach as an assumption-free approach on constructing confidence intervals. We carry a simulation study to compare bootstrap confidence intervals to traditional intervals. We conclude bootstrap intervals, though not perfect, can give better interval estimates whe

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Shu, Yu, Aiyi Liu, and Zhaohai Li. "Point and interval estimation of accuracies of a binary medical diagnostic test following group sequential testing." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 366, no. 1874 (2008): 2335–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2008.0041.

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When hypotheses concerning the sensitivity and specificity of a binary medical diagnostic test are simultaneously tested using a group sequential procedure, constructing point and interval estimates of the parameters is challenging because there is no unique way to order sample points in the two-dimensional space. In this paper, upon termination of a group sequential procedure, we compare the bias and mean squared errors of the maximum-likelihood and Rao–Blackwell unbiased estimators of sensitivity and specificity. Confidence intervals (CIs) of the two parameters were constructed using normal

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Rakhimov, Zarrukh, and Nilufar Rahimova. "LINEAR REGRESSION WITH DATA MISSING NOT AT RANDOM: BOOTSTRAP APPROACH." Iqtisodiy taraqqiyot va tahlil 2, no. 4 (2024): 492–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.60078/2992-877x-2024-vol2-iss4-pp492-502.

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OLS regressions have a set of assumption in order to have its point and interval estimates to be unbiased and efficient. Data missing not at random (MNAR) can pose serious estimations issues in the linear regression. In this study we evaluate the performance of OLS confidence interval estimates with MNAR data. We also suggest bootstrapping as a remedy for such data cases and compare the traditional confidence intervals against bootstrap ones. As we need to know the true parameters, we carry out a simulations study. Research results indicate that both approaches show similar results having simi

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Martin, Robert F. "General Deming Regression for Estimating Systematic Bias and Its Confidence Interval in Method-Comparison Studies." Clinical Chemistry 46, no. 1 (2000): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/46.1.100.

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Abstract Background: Various forms of least-squares regression analyses are used to estimate average systematic error (bias) and its confidence interval in method-comparison studies. When assumptions that underlie a particular regression method are inappropriate for the data, errors in estimated statistics result. In this report, I present an improved method for regression analysis that is free from the usual simplifying assumptions and is generally applicable to linearly related method-comparison data. Methods: Theoretical equations based on the Deming approach, further developed by physicist

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Knapp, S. J., W. C. Bridges-Jr, and M. H. Yang. "Nonparametric confidence interval estimators for heritability and expected selection response." Genetics 121, no. 4 (1989): 891–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/121.4.891.

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Abstract Statistical methods have not been described for comparing estimates of family-mean heritability (H) or expected selection response (R), nor have consistently valid methods been described for estimating R intervals. Nonparametric methods, e.g., delete-one jackknifing, may be used to estimate variances, intervals, and hypothesis test statistics in estimation problems where parametric methods are unsuitable, nonrobust, or undefinable. Our objective was to evaluate normal-approximation jackknife interval estimators for H and R using Monte Carlo simulation. Simulations were done using norm

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Almetwally, Ehab M., Refah Alotaibi, and Hoda Rezk. "Estimation and Prediction for Alpha-Power Weibull Distribution Based on Hybrid Censoring." Symmetry 15, no. 9 (2023): 1687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15091687.

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This work discusses the issues of estimation and prediction when lifespan data following alpha-power Weibull distribution are observed under Type II hybrid censoring. We calculate point and related interval estimates for both issues using both non-Bayesian and Bayesian methods. Using the Newton–Raphson technique under the classical approach, we compute maximum likelihood estimates for point estimates in the estimation problem. Under the Bayesian approach, we compute Bayes estimates under informative and non-informative priors using the symmetric loss function. Using the Fisher information matr

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Morris, Sara R., David A. Liebner, Amanda M. Larracuente, Erica M. Escamilla, and H. David Sheets. "Multiple-Day Constancy as an Alternative to Pooling for Estimating Mark-Recapture Stopover Length in Nearctic-Neotropical Migrant Landbirds." Auk 122, no. 1 (2005): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/122.1.319.

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Abstract Capture-mark-recapture models require estimation of parameters that may be either constant or time-dependent. Open-population models have been adapted for use in estimating stopover duration of migratory songbirds. However, with data collected over an extended period or with relatively few recaptures, small sample sizes may preclude use of fully time-dependent models. Pooling is commonly used to reduce the number of parameters estimated in time-dependent models. In pooling, all captures and recaptures during a specified interval are treated as a single capture event, which results in

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Ghafouri-Kesbi, Farhad, Moradpasha Eskandarinasab, and Ahmad Hassanabadi. "Short-term selection for yearling weight in a small-experimental Iranian Afshari sheep flock." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 89, no. 3 (2009): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas08059.

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A selection experiment was initiated in 2000 in an Afshari sheep flock at the department of animal breeding and genetics of the University of Zanjan, Iran. The aim was to evaluate the response of Afshari sheep to selection for yearling live weight. Here, we evaluate the results of this breeding program obtained between 2000 and 2005. Traits studied were birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), yearling weight (YW), average daily gain from birth to weaning (WWDG) and average daily gain from weaning to yearling age (YWDG). Mixed model methodology based on a multi-trait animal model was employed t

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Alotaibi, Refah Mohammed, Yogesh Mani Tripathi, Sanku Dey, and Hoda Ragab Rezk. "Estimation of Multicomponent Reliability Based on Progressively Type II Censored Data from Unit Weibull Distribution." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON MATHEMATICS 20 (June 9, 2021): 288–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23206.2021.20.30.

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In this paper, inference upon stress-strength reliability is considered for unit-Weibull distributions with a common parameter under the assumption that data are observed using progressive type II censoring. We obtain di_erent estimators of system reliability using classical and Bayesian procedures. Asymptotic interval is constructed based on Fisher information matrix. Besides, boot-p and boot-t intervals are also obtained. We evaluate Bayes estimates using Lindley's technique and Metropolis-Hastings (MH) algorithm. The Bayes credible interval is evaluated using MH method. An unbiased estimato

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Thangjai, Warisa, Sa-Aat Niwitpong, and Suparat Niwitpong. "A Bayesian Approach for Estimation of Coefficients of Variation of Normal Distributions." Sains Malaysiana 50, no. 1 (2021): 261–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5001-25.

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The coefficient of variation is widely used as a measure of data precision. Confidence intervals for a single coefficient of variation when the data follow a normal distribution that is symmetrical and the difference between the coefficients of variation of two normal populations are considered in this paper. First, the confidence intervals for the coefficient of variation of a normal distribution are obtained with adjusted generalized confidence interval (adjusted GCI), computational, Bayesian, and two adjusted Bayesian approaches. These approaches are compared with existing ones comprising t

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Provan, S. D., and M. D. Miyamoto. "Unbiased estimates of quantal release parameters and spatial variation in the probability of neurosecretion." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 264, no. 4 (1993): C1051—C1060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1993.264.4.c1051.

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A procedure was developed for dealing with two problems that have impeded the use of quantal parameters in studies of transmitter release. The first, involving temporal and spatial biasing in the estimates for the number of functional release sites (n) and probability of release (p), was addressed by reducing temporal variance experimentally and calculating the bias produced by spatial variance in p (var(s)p). The second, involving inaccuracies in the use of nerve-evoked endplate potentials (EPPs), was circumvented by using only miniature EPPs (MEPPs). Intracellular recordings were made from i

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Haslett, SJ, and RG Wear. "Biomass estimation of Artemia at Lake Grassmere, Marlborough, New Zealand." Marine and Freshwater Research 36, no. 4 (1985): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9850537.

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During 1980-1982, a sampling program to estimate Artemia biomass was carried out over an annual cycle in the solar salt ponds of Lake Grassmere, Marlborough, New Zealand. Density of Artemia was highest over 238.5 ha of the 1782 ha in 13 ponds, averaging 0.55 m deep, which form the final stages in salt concentration. Artemia and hydrological samples were taken twice a month on 23 occasions from April 1981 to April 1982 inclusive, and on each occasion, 86 sample stations over four ponds were sampled in triplicate. An unbiased estimate of biomass using the arithmetic mean was developed, together

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Jha, Mayank Kumar, Sanku Dey, and Yogesh Mani Tripathi. "Reliability estimation in a multicomponent stress–strength based on unit-Gompertz distribution." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 37, no. 3 (2019): 428–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-04-2019-0136.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to estimate the multicomponent reliability by assuming the unit-Gompertz (UG) distribution. Both stress and strength are assumed to have an UG distribution with common scale parameter. Design/methodology/approach The reliability of a multicomponent stress–strength system is obtained by the maximum likelihood (MLE) and Bayesian method of estimation. Bayes estimates of system reliability are obtained by using Lindley’s approximation and Metropolis–Hastings (M–H) algorithm methods when all the parameters are unknown. The highest posterior density credible inte

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Колобов, А. Ю., and Ю. А. Петров. "Estimation procedure for probability of upper stages non-failure operation considering flight operation results and a priory information." Вестник НПО им. С.А. Лавочкина, no. 4(62) (November 24, 2023): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26162/ls.2023.62.4.010.

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Предложена методика интервальной оценки вероятности безотказной работы (ВБР) разгонных блоков по результатам эксплуатации с использованием в качестве предварительной информации проектных оценок. Проведено сравнение предложенной методики с оценками, полученными методами наибольшего правдоподобия и несмещённых оценок. Приведён пример применения методики на примере оценки надёжности разгонного блока «Фрегат». The article proposes procedure of interval estimate of probability of upper stage non-failure operation considering flight operation results and using preliminary design evaluation. It gives

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Khan, Zubeda, and Ghulam Y. Soomro. "Estimates of Birth Intervals in Pakistan, with and without the WFS Restrictions." Pakistan Development Review 32, no. 3 (1993): 269–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v32i3pp.269-284.

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Almost all the World Fertility Surveys (WFS), and those repeating a similar pattern of pregnancy history data collection, like the Population, Labour Force, and Migration Survey (PLM) carried out in Pakistan in 1979-80, covered information on proximate determinants for the last closed and open birth intervals. This paper, based on the PLM data, discusses the methodological issue of data collection. The types of restriction used have often been doubted as they have produced biased estimates of contraceptive use and duration of breast-feeding, which are important in the estimation of birth inter

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Qureshi, Mohammad A., Ho-Ling Hwang, and Shih-Miao Chin. "Comparison of Distance Estimates for Commodity Flow Survey: Great Circle Distances Versus Network-Based Distances." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1804, no. 1 (2002): 212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1804-28.

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A study was conducted to compare distance estimates derived from great circle distances (GCD) with distance estimates derived from a network-based model. The study used a sample of shipments from the 1993 commodity flow survey (CFS). For each shipment in the sample, the distance from the zip code of origin to the zip code of destination was calculated by using the Oak Ridge National Laboratories National Highway Network and assuming that the minimum impedance path was utilized. For each of these origin–destination pairs, the GCD and several variations of the GCD also were estimated. Finally, t

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Wiles, N. J., K. Fischer, P. Cowen, et al. "Allowing for non-adherence to treatment in a randomized controlled trial of two antidepressants (citalopram versus reboxetine): an example from the GENPOD trial." Psychological Medicine 44, no. 13 (2014): 2855–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291714000221.

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BackgroundMeta-analyses suggest that reboxetine may be less effective than other antidepressants. Such comparisons may be biased by lower adherence to reboxetine and subsequent handling of missing outcome data. This study illustrates how to adjust for differential non-adherence and hence derive an unbiased estimate of the efficacy of reboxetine compared with citalopram in primary care patients with depression.MethodA structural mean modelling (SMM) approach was used to generate adherence-adjusted estimates of the efficacy of reboxetine compared with citalopram using GENetic and clinical Predic

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Hatun, Metin. "Identification of Wiener Systems with Recursive Gauss-Seidel Algorithm." Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 29, no. 5 (2023): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.eie.35119.

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The Recursive Gauss-Seidel (RGS) algorithm is presented that is implemented in a one-step Gauss-Seidel iteration for the identification of Wiener output error systems. The RGS algorithm has lower processing intensity than the popular Recursive Least Squares (RLS) algorithm due to its implementation using one-step Gauss-Seidel iteration in a sampling interval. The noise-free output samples in the data vector used for implementation of the RGS algorithm are estimated using an auxiliary model. Also, a stochastic convergence analysis is presented, and it is shown that the presented auxiliary model

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Chichagov, V. V., and M. A. Oleynik. "Interval Estimation of Probability P(X < Y) in Case of One-Parameter Exponential Families Using Unbiased Estimates*." Journal of Mathematical Sciences 205, no. 1 (2015): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10958-015-2228-5.

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Alotaibi, Refah, and Mazen Nassar. "A New Exponential Distribution to Model Concrete Compressive Strength Data." Crystals 12, no. 3 (2022): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12030431.

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Concrete mixtures can be developed to deliver a broad spectrum of mechanical and durability properties to satisfy the configuration conditions of construction. One technique for evaluating the compressive strength of concrete is to suppose that it pursues a probabilistic model from which it is reliability estimated. In this paper, a new technique to generate probability distributions is considered and a new three-parameter exponential distribution as a new member of the new family is presented in detail. The proposed distribution is able to model the compressive strength of high-performance co

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Chaturvedi, Aditi, and Surinder Kumar. "Estimation procedures for reliability functions of Kumaraswamy-G Distributions based on Type II Censoring and the sampling scheme of Bartholomew." Statistics in Transition New Series 23, no. 1 (2022): 129–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/stattrans-2022-0008.

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Abstract In this paper, we consider Kumaraswamy-G distributions and derive a Uniformly Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimator (UMVUE) and a Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) of the two measures of reliability, namely R(t) = P(X > t) and P = P(X > Y) under Type II censoring scheme and sampling scheme of Bartholomew (1963). We also develop interval estimates of the reliability measures. A comparative study of the different methods of point estimation has been conducted on the basis of simulation studies. An analysis of a real data set has been presented for illustration purposes.

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O’HALLORAN, I. P., J. W. B. STEWART, and R. G. KACHANOSKI. "INFLUENCE OF THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SAND CONTENT ON SAMPLING PATTERNS." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 66, no. 4 (1986): 641–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss86-064.

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The spatial variability of sand content (0–15 cm) was examined on a crop rotation study site located on a Brown Chernozemic loam soil at Swift Current, Saskatchewan. The autocorrelation for surface sand content indicated a significant cyclic pattern, with a wavelength of approximately 56–65 m, which was considerably longer than the experimental plots (40 m). Since the sand content was not randomly distributed in space (and therefore all soil properties correlated to sand would also be nonrandomly distributed in space), an alternative sampling pattern had to be devised which would allow for an

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Pouteil-Noble, C., S. Toussaint, E. Villar, M. Rabilloud, and F. Subtil. "A Simple Modeling-free Method Provides Accurate Estimates of Sensitivity and Specificity of Longitudinal Disease Biomarkers." Methods of Information in Medicine 48, no. 03 (2009): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me0583.

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Summary Objective: To assess the time-dependent accuracy of a continuous longitudinal biomarker used as a test for early diagnosis or prognosis. Methods: A method for accuracy assessment is proposed taking into account the marker measurement time and the delay between marker measurement and outcome. It dealt with markers having interval-censored measurements and a detection threshold. The threshold crossing times were assessed by a Bayesian method. A numerical study was conducted to test the procedures that were later applied to PCR measurements for prediction of cytomegalovirus disease after

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Magnussen, Steen, and Johannes Breidenbach. "Retrieval of among-stand variances from one observation per stand." Journal of Forest Science 66, No. 4 (2020): 133–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/141/2019-jfs.

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Forest inventories provide predictions of stand means on a routine basis from models with auxiliary variables from remote sensing as predictors and response variables from field data. Many forest inventory sampling designs do not afford a direct estimation of the among-stand variance. As consequence, the confidence interval for a model-based prediction of a stand mean is typically too narrow. We propose a new method to compute (from empirical regression residuals) an among-stand variance under sample designs that stratify sample selections by an auxiliary variable, but otherwise do not allow a

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Reardon, Sean F., and Stephen W. Raudenbush. "Assumptions of Value-Added Models for Estimating School Effects." Education Finance and Policy 4, no. 4 (2009): 492–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/edfp.2009.4.4.492.

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The ability of school (or teacher) value-added models to provide unbiased estimates of school (or teacher) effects rests on a set of assumptions. In this article, we identify six assumptions that are required so that the estimands of such models are well defined and the models are able to recover the desired parameters from observable data. These assumptions are (1) manipulability, (2) no interference between units, (3) interval scale metric, (4) homogeneity of effects, (5) strongly ignorable assignment, and (6) functional form. We discuss the plausibility of these assumptions and the conseque

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Wang, Steve C., David J. Chudzicki, and Philip J. Everson. "Optimal estimators of the position of a mass extinction when recovery potential is uniform." Paleobiology 35, no. 3 (2009): 447–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373-35.3.447.

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Numerous methods have been developed to estimate the position of a mass extinction boundary while accounting for the incompleteness of the fossil record. Here we describe the point estimator and confidence interval for the extinction that are optimal under the assumption of uniform preservation and recovery potential, and independence among taxa. First, one should pool the data from all taxa into one combined “supersample.” Next, one can then apply methods proposed by Strauss and Sadler (1989) for a single taxon. This gives the optimal point estimator in the sense that it has the smallest vari

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Hassan, Amal S., Ahmed Wael Shawki, and Hiba Z. Muhammed. "Analysis of Household Income, Expenditure and Consumption Survey Research Data for North Sinai Governorate in Egypt Using Length Biased Truncated Lomax Distribution." Statistics, Optimization & Information Computing 11, no. 2 (2023): 390–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.19139/soic-2310-5070-1361.

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The length biased truncated Lomax distribution is introduced in this study as a weighted form of the truncated Lomax distribution. The length biased truncated Lomax distribution’s essential distributional features are investigated. In the case of complete and type-II censored data, the maximum likelihood method is provided for estimating population parameter. The model parameter asymptotic confidence interval is calculated. To demonstrate the pattern of the estimate, a sample generation algorithm is supplied, as well as a Monte Carlo simulation analysis. We can see from the simulation research

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Kayano, Taishi, and Hiroshi Nishiura. "A Comparison of Case Fatality Risk of COVID-19 between Singapore and Japan." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 10 (2020): 3326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9103326.

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The crude case fatality risk (CFR) for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Singapore is remarkably small. We aimed to estimate the unbiased CFR by age for Singapore and Japan and compare these estimates by calculating the standardized mortality ratio (SMR). Age-specific CFRs for COVID-19 were estimated in real time, adjusting for the delay from illness onset to death. The SMR in Japan was estimated by using the age distribution of the Singapore population. Among cases aged 60–69 years and 70–79 years, the age-specific CFRs in Singapore were estimated as 1.84% (95% confidence interval: 0.46–4.72%

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Chiou, Kuo-Ching. "Building Up of Fuzzy Evaluation Model of Life Performance Based on Type-II Censored Data." Mathematics 11, no. 17 (2023): 3686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11173686.

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The semiconductor industry is a rapidly growing sector. As collection technologies for production data continue to improve and the Internet of Things matures, production data analysis improves, thus accelerating progress towards smart manufacturing. This not only enhances the process quality, but also increases product lifetime and reliability. Under the assumption of exponential distribution, the ratio of lifetime and warranty has been proposed as a lifetime performance index for electronic products. As unknown parameters of the index, to use point estimates to assess lifetime performance may

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Kou, Xiaojun, and William L. Baker. "Accurate estimation of mean fire interval for managing fire." International Journal of Wildland Fire 15, no. 4 (2006): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf05113.

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Accurate fire-history data are needed if local management of fire or costly national plans for restoring and managing fire and forest structure are to succeed. Fire-history researchers often use fire scars and the composite fire interval method to reconstruct parameters of past fire regimes, such as the population mean fire interval, but the composite method has serious limitations. We modified an alternative non-composite fire interval method, the individual-tree fire-interval method, to derive a more accurate new method, the all-tree fire-interval method. A stochastic fire-scar generating mo

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McGarvey, Richard, and Janet M. Matthews. "Low-cost estimates of mortality rate from single tag recoveries: addressing short-term trap-happy and trap-shy bias." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 69, no. 3 (2012): 600–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2011-175.

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Conventional single tag-recovery data are widely available for stock assessments, notably of invertebrate fisheries, worldwide. Though not commonly used for this purpose, the times-at-large in single tag-recovery data provide (relatively) direct information about average mortality rate as a sample of survival times. Mortality rate is estimated using simple formulas given as functions of the mean time-at-large of tagged and recaptured animals. Here we extend an earlier time-at-large mortality estimator to address a potentially common source of bias: trap-happy or trap-shy behavior shortly follo

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Shrahili, Mansour, Naif Alotaibi, Devendra Kumar, and A. R. Shafay. "Inference on Exponentiated Power Lindley Distribution Based on Order Statistics with Application." Complexity 2020 (September 23, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4918342.

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Exponentiated power Lindley distribution is proposed as a generalization of some widely well-known distributions such as Lindley, power Lindley, and generalized Lindley distributions. In this paper, the exact explicit expressions for moments of order statistics from the exponentiated power Lindley distribution are derived. By using these relations, the best linear unbiased estimates of the location and scale parameters, based on type-II right-censored sample, are obtained. Next, the mean, variance, and coefficients of skewness and kurtosis of some certain linear functions of order statistics a

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Cilluffo, Giovanna, Salvatore Fasola, Giuliana Ferrante, et al. "Overrating Classifier Performance in ROC Analysis in the Absence of a Test Set: Evidence from Simulation and Italian CARATkids Validation." Methods of Information in Medicine 58, S 02 (2019): e27-e42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1693732.

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Background The use of receiver operating characteristic curves, or “ROC analysis,” has become quite common in biomedical research to support decisions. However, sensitivity, specificity, and misclassification rates are still often estimated using the training sample, overlooking the risk of overrating the test performance. Methods A simulation study was performed to highlight the inferential implications of splitting (or not) the dataset into training and test set. The normality assumption was made for the classifier given the disease status, and the Youden's criterion considered for the detec

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TAN, QIHUA, LENE CHRISTIANSEN, KAARE CHRISTENSEN, et al. "Haplotype association analysis of human disease traits using genotype data of unrelated individuals." Genetical Research 86, no. 3 (2005): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672305007792.

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Haplotype inference has become an important part of human genetic data analysis due to its functional and statistical advantages over the single-locus approach in linkage disequilibrium mapping. Different statistical methods have been proposed for detecting haplotype – disease associations using unphased multi-locus genotype data, ranging from the early approach by the simple gene-counting method to the recent work using the generalized linear model. However, these methods are either confined to case – control design or unable to yield unbiased point and interval estimates of haplotype effects

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Hansen, T., A. Skytthe, E. Stenager, H. C. Petersen, H. Brønnum-Hansen, and K. O. Kyvik. "Concordance for multiple sclerosis in Danish twins: an update of a nationwide study." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 11, no. 5 (2005): 504–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/1352458505ms1220oa.

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The occurrence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in twins has not previously been studied in complete nationwide data sets. The existence of almost complete MS and twin registries in Denmark ensures that essentially unbiased samples of MS cases among twins can be obtained. In this population-based study, virtually all Danish MS cases among twins born before 1983 with onset of MS after 1948 and diagnosis before 1 January 1997 were identified. Of 13 286 MS cases, 178 were twins and, of these 164 twin pairs were discordant and seven were concordant. We found significantly higher proband-wise concordance

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Wiens, Kirsten E., Hanmeng Xu, Kaiyue Zou, et al. "Estimating the proportion of clinically suspected cholera cases that are true Vibrio cholerae infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis." PLOS Medicine 20, no. 9 (2023): e1004286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004286.

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Background Cholera surveillance relies on clinical diagnosis of acute watery diarrhea. Suspected cholera case definitions have high sensitivity but low specificity, challenging our ability to characterize cholera burden and epidemiology. Our objective was to estimate the proportion of clinically suspected cholera that are true Vibrio cholerae infections and identify factors that explain variation in positivity. Methods and findings We conducted a systematic review of studies that tested ≥10 suspected cholera cases for V. cholerae O1/O139 using culture, PCR, and/or a rapid diagnostic test. We s

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Hsiao, Yu-Yu, Oi-Man Kwok, and Mark H. C. Lai. "Evaluation of Two Methods for Modeling Measurement Errors When Testing Interaction Effects With Observed Composite Scores." Educational and Psychological Measurement 78, no. 2 (2017): 181–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013164416679877.

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Path models with observed composites based on multiple items (e.g., mean or sum score of the items) are commonly used to test interaction effects. Under this practice, researchers generally assume that the observed composites are measured without errors. In this study, we reviewed and evaluated two alternative methods within the structural equation modeling (SEM) framework, namely, the reliability-adjusted product indicator (RAPI) method and the latent moderated structural equations (LMS) method, which can both flexibly take into account measurement errors. Results showed that both these metho

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West, P. W., and K. F. Wells. "Estimation of leaf weight of standing trees of Eucalyptusregnans." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 11 (1990): 1732–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-230.

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A model was developed to estimate total leaf dry weight of individual standing trees of Eucalyptusregnans F. Muell. in even-aged, monoculture stands aged 8–20 years. Tree biomass data were collected for a sample of 42 trees from four plots at three sites in Victoria and Tasmania. One plot had been heavily thinned 10 years prior to sampling. The model was based on the pipe model theory, L(x) = as(x)p(x), where L(x) is leaf dry weight above some height (x), s(x) and p(x) are, respectively, stem sapwood area and permeability at x, and a is a parameter. Permeability is known to vary with site and

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Pham, Hoang. "On Stress-Strength Interval-System Reliability with Applications in Heart Conditions." International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences 5, no. 1 (2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2020.5.1.001.

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The random variable X represents the stress placed on the system by the operating environment and random variable Y represents the strength of the system. A system is able to perform its intended function if its strength is greater than the stress imposed upon it. Reliability of the system is defined as the probability that the system is strong enough to overcome the stress. That is, R = P(Y >X). In other words, reliability is the probability that the strengths of the unit are greater than the stresses. The stress-strength model has found interests in many applications include mechanical en

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Sattar, Abdus, and Sanjoy K. Sinha. "Joint modeling of longitudinal and survival data with a covariate subject to a limit of detection." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 28, no. 2 (2017): 486–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280217729573.

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We develop and study an innovative method for jointly modeling longitudinal response and time-to-event data with a covariate subject to a limit of detection. The joint model assumes a latent process based on random effects to describe the association between longitudinal and time-to-event data. We study the role of the association parameter on the regression parameters estimators. We model the longitudinal and survival outcomes using linear mixed-effects and Weibull frailty models, respectively. Because of the limit of detection, missing covariate (explanatory variable, x) values may lead to t

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Jonker, Marianne A., Priya Vart, and Mar Rodriguez Girondo. "Estimating the age at onset distribution of the asymptomatic stage of a genetic disease based on pedigree data." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 29, no. 8 (2019): 2344–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280219893400.

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Information on the age at onset distribution of the asymptomatic stage of a disease can be of paramount importance in early detection and timely management of that disease. However, accurately estimating this distribution is challenging, because the asymptomatic stage is difficult to recognize for the patient and is often detected as an incidental finding or in case of recommended screening; the age at onset is often interval-censored. In this paper, we propose a method for the estimation of the age at onset distribution of the asymptomatic stage of a genetic disease based on ascertained pedig

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McINTYRE, LAUREN M., CYNTHIA J. COFFMAN, and R. W. DOERGE. "Detection and localization of a single binary trait locus in experimental populations." Genetical Research 78, no. 1 (2001): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672301005092.

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The advancements made in molecular technology coupled with statistical methodology have led to the successful detection and location of genomic regions (quantitative trait loci; QTL) associated with quantitative traits. Binary traits (e.g. susceptibility/resistance), while not quantitative in nature, are equally important for the purpose of detecting and locating significant associations with genomic regions. Existing interval regression methods used in binary trait analysis are adapted from quantitative trait analysis and the tests for regression coefficients are tests of effect, not detectio

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Chao, John C., and Peter C. B. Phillips. "Uniform Inference in Panel Autoregression." Econometrics 7, no. 4 (2019): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/econometrics7040045.

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This paper considers estimation and inference concerning the autoregressive coefficient ( ρ ) in a panel autoregression for which the degree of persistence in the time dimension is unknown. Our main objective is to construct confidence intervals for ρ that are asymptotically valid, having asymptotic coverage probability at least that of the nominal level uniformly over the parameter space. The starting point for our confidence procedure is the estimating equation of the Anderson–Hsiao (AH) IV procedure. It is well known that the AH IV estimation suffers from weak instrumentation when ρ is near

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Kucharski, Adam J., Kiyojiken Chung, Maite Aubry, et al. "Real-time surveillance of international SARS-CoV-2 prevalence using systematic traveller arrival screening: An observational study." PLOS Medicine 20, no. 9 (2023): e1004283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004283.

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Background Effective Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) response relies on good knowledge of population infection dynamics, but owing to under-ascertainment and delays in symptom-based reporting, obtaining reliable infection data has typically required large dedicated local population studies. Although many countries implemented Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing among travellers, it remains unclear how accurately arrival testing data can capture international patterns of infection, because those arrival testing data were rarely reported systematically, and p

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Talbot, Denis, and Claudia Beaudoin. "A generalized double robust Bayesian model averaging approach to causal effect estimation with application to the study of osteoporotic fractures." Journal of Causal Inference 10, no. 1 (2022): 335–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jci-2021-0023.

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Abstract Analysts often use data-driven approaches to supplement their knowledge when selecting covariates for effect estimation. Multiple variable selection procedures for causal effect estimation have been devised in recent years, but additional developments are still required to adequately address the needs of analysts. We propose a generalized Bayesian causal effect estimation (GBCEE) algorithm to perform variable selection and produce double robust (DR) estimates of causal effects for binary or continuous exposures and outcomes. GBCEE employs a prior distribution that targets the selectio

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Loginovsky, V. A. "Assessment of ship position probability in the geometrical figure of position lines errors." Vestnik Gosudarstvennogo universiteta morskogo i rechnogo flota imeni admirala S. O. Makarova 15, no. 2 (2023): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21821/2309-5180-2023-15-2-161-171.

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Accurate and reliable determination of the ship position coordinates is one of the most important tasks for ensuring the safety of navigation at sea. A significant condition that contributes to the effective solution of this task is the use of redundancy in measurements of navigation parameters. The implementation of this redundancy allows the navigator or automatic navigation aid to control the trueness of measurements; eliminate gross and systematic errors; reduce the effect of random errors; apply various methods of analysis and algorithms for processing information in order to obtain the m

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Safaryan, O. A., I. A. Alferova, I. A. Engibaryan, and V. I. Yukhnov. "FREQUENCY STABILIZATION BASED ON PRIMARY FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF LARGE SYSTEMS." H&ES Research 14, no. 4 (2022): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2409-5419-2022-14-4-26-32.

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Introduction. The article deals with issues related to the manifestation of the primary fundamental properties of large systems, such as synergy and emergence, potentially inherent in large systems with the same or similar properties of components. These properties can be implemented at a certain time interval when measuring the values of the signal phases at a time. It is shown that the manifestation of the synergistic property in the system of simultaneously and independently operating generators makes it possible to reduce the error in estimating random fluctuations in the frequency of gene

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Myrvoll-Nilsen, Eirik, Keno Riechers, Martin Wibe Rypdal, and Niklas Boers. "Comprehensive uncertainty estimation of the timing of Greenland warmings in the Greenland ice core records." Climate of the Past 18, no. 6 (2022): 1275–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1275-2022.

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Abstract. Paleoclimate proxy records have non-negligible uncertainties that arise from both the proxy measurement and the dating processes. Knowledge of the dating uncertainties is important for a rigorous propagation to further analyses, for example, for identification and dating of stadial–interstadial transitions in Greenland ice core records during glacial intervals, for comparing the variability in different proxy archives, and for model-data comparisons in general. In this study we develop a statistical framework to quantify and propagate dating uncertainties in layer counted proxy archi

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