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Journal articles on the topic 'Unburned hydrocarbons; Carbon monoxide; Exhaust'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Piqueras, Pedro, Joaquín De la Morena, Enrique José Sanchis, and Rafael Pitarch. "Impact of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on Gaseous Emissions of Turbocharged Spark-Ignition Engines." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (2020): 7634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217634.

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Exhaust gas recirculation is one of the technologies that can be used to improve the efficiency of spark-ignition engines. However, apart from fuel consumption reduction, this technology has a significant impact on exhaust gaseous emissions, inducing a significant reduction in nitrogen oxides and an increase in unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, which can affect operation of the aftertreatment system. In order to evaluate these effects, data extracted from design of experiments done on a multi-cylinder 1.3 L turbocharged spark-ignition engine with variable valve timing and low-pressure

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2

Li, T., and H. Ogawa. "Regulated emissions and speciated hydrocarbons from smokeless low-temperature combustion diesel engines with ultra-high exhaust gas recirculation and exhaust oxidation catalyst." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 223, no. 5 (2009): 673–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto1047.

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With ultra-high exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) suppressing the in-cylinder soot and nitrogen oxides (NO x) formation as well as with the exhaust oxidation catalyst removing the engine-out total unburned hydrocarbon (THC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, clean diesel combustion in terms of low regulated emissions (NO x, particulate matter, THC, and CO) can be established in an operating range up to 50 per cent load. However, unregulated emissions such as aldehydes, aromatics, and 1,3-butadiene, which are seen as a severe threat to human health, are concerned when operating the engine with u

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3

Andwari, Amin Mahmoudzadeh, Azhar Abdul Aziz, Mohd Farid Muhamad Said, and Zulkarnain Abdul Latiff. "A Converted Two-Stroke Cycle Engine for Compression Ignition Combustion." Applied Mechanics and Materials 663 (October 2014): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.663.331.

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A new kind of alternative combustion concept that has attracted attention intensively in recent years is called controlled auto-ignition (CAI) combustion. CAI combustion has been proposed and partially implemented with the aim of both improving the thermal efficiency of internal combustion engines, achieving cleaner exhaust emissions and lower cyclic variation. An experimental study is conducted through a CAI two-stroke cycle engine in order to investigate the influence of internal exhaust gas recirculation (In-EGR) and external exhaust gas recirculation (Ex-EGR) variation in relation to combu

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4

Sharma, Amit Kumar, Pankaj Kumar Sharma, Venkateswarlu Chintala, Narayan Khatri, and Alok Patel. "Environment-Friendly Biodiesel/Diesel Blends for Improving the Exhaust Emission and Engine Performance to Reduce the Pollutants Emitted from Transportation Fleets." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11 (2020): 3896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113896.

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Biodiesel derived from biomass is a renewable source of fuel, and global application of biodiesel in the transport sector has rapidly expanded over the last decade. However, effort has been made to overcome its main shortcoming, i.e., efficiency and exhaust emission characteristics (NOx emissions) in unmodified diesel engines. Biodiesel combustion generally results in lower unburned hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM) in exhaust emissions compared to fossil diesel. In this study, various biodiesel blends (Chlorella vulgaris, Jatropha curcus, and Calophyllum ino

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Pirouzpanah, V., and R. Khoshbakhti Sarai. "Reduction of emissions in an automotive direct injection diesel engine dual-fuelled with natural gas by using variable exhaust gas recirculation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 217, no. 8 (2003): 719–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070360692104.

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An experimental study was conducted to determine the performance and exhaust emission characteristics of an automotive direct injection dual-fuelled diesel engine. Natural gas was used such that 65 per cent of engine brake power was supplied from compressed natural gas and the rest was supplied from diesel fuel. The objective of this work is to investigate the possibility of decreasing exhaust emission with the lowest performance sacrifice. At part loads, a dual-fuelled engine inevitably suffers from lower thermal efficiency and higher carbon monoxide (CO) emission. This is mainly due to leane

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Um Min Allah, Fazal, and Alexandru Gruia. "Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Bioethanol on Emission Performance of Diesel Engine for Rapeseed Biodiesel-Diesel Blends." Applied Mechanics and Materials 823 (January 2016): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.823.319.

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Global warming and climate change are the motives to find a solution for emission reduction of diesel engines. Bioethanol is renewable fuel which can be used in diesel engine as a part of biodiesel-diesel blends. The effect of bioethanol on the emission performance of diesel engine for rapeseed biodiesel-diesel blends as a function of engine load is evaluated in this paper. KDE 6500E diesel generator is used for this purpose. Carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (HC), oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are recorded with the help of VLT-458 exhaust gas analyzer. Blends with h

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Mahmood, Abdulrahman S., Haqi I. Qatta, Saadi M. D. Al-Nuzal, and Talib K. Abed. "Characteristics of Exhaust Emissions for a Diesel Engine Fuelled by Corn Oil Biodiesel and Blended with Diesel Fuel." Engineering and Technology Journal 38, no. 3A (2020): 457–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.v38i3a.446.

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Environmentally friend biodiesel fuel from corn oil was tested in single-cylinder 4-stroke diesel engine operated. Three blends of fuels were prepared from corn oil and diesel fuel viz. 7, 15, and 20 % (designated as B7, B15, and B20, respectively). Tests were conducted on this engine using these blends at a constant speed (1500 rpm) and varying loads (0 % to 100 %). The emissions of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, unburned hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides (NOX) and smoke opacity were measured. In all engine loads, results showed that the emission of CO, HC, and smoke emissions were reduced, whi

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Pandhare, Amar P., K. C. Zende, A. S. Joglekar, S. C. Bhave, and A. S. Padalkar. "Effect of EGR on the Exhaust Gas Temperature and Exhaust Opacity in Compression Ignition Engines Using Jatropha Oil as Fuel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.431.

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Diesel engines are widely used as power sources for medium and heavy-duty applications because of their lower fuel consumption and lower emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbons (HC) compared with gasoline engines. Efficient use of natural resources is one of the fundamental requirements for any country to become self-sustainable. Both in organized and unorganized sectors internal combustion engine has become an indispensable prime mover. With the increasing demand on the use of fossil fuels, a stronger threat to clean environment is being posed as the burning of fossil fuel

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Ogunkunle, Oyetola, and Noor A. Ahmed. "Overview of Biodiesel Combustion in Mitigating the Adverse Impacts of Engine Emissions on the Sustainable Human–Environment Scenario." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (2021): 5465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105465.

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Air pollution is a precursor to many health issues such as difficulty breathing, asthma, lung and heart diseases, and cancer. This study presents a concise view of biodiesel combustion in mitigating pollutant emissions which are generated by the combustion of fossil fuels, thereby eliminating the negative effects on human health and the environment. Gaseous pollutants such as carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and carbon dioxide are found to be major exhaust emissions from vehicles running on fossil fuels. Excessive exposure to these pollutants was fou

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Mat Yasin, Mohd Hafizil, Perowansa Paruka, Rizalman Mamat, and Mohd Hafiz Ali. "Fundamental Study of Dual Fuel on Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Operating with a Diesel Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.415.

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In this paper, an experimental study evaluating the effect of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) onboard systems attached to a single cylinder DI diesel engine running with diesel is presented. Tests were performed at the minimum (1400 rpm) and maximum engine speeds (4100 rpm). The engine were tested under four different operating modes mainly; (a) standard test condition, (b) engine with EGR system, (c) engine with LPG system and (d) the engine with EGR and LPG onboard systems. Parameters that been measured during the tests are percentage of oxygen (O2) content,

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Rood, Shawn, Salvador Eslava, Alexis Manigrasso, and Chris Bannister. "Recent advances in gasoline three-way catalyst formulation: A review." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 4 (2019): 936–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407019859822.

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Development of three-way catalyst technology has been critical in maintaining air quality regulations for gasoline engines via the conversion of pollutants from the internal combustion engine exhaust. The development of improved three-way catalyst formulations is an important challenge for automotive industry. Indeed, in order to meet increasingly stringent environmental regulations around the world, the development of more efficient catalysts depends on a complete understanding of the many parameters related to three-way catalyst design. In this review paper, some of these parameters are exam

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Liu, Zhiqiang, Qingsong Zuo, Gang Wu, and Yuelin Li. "An artificial neural network developed for predicting of performance and emissions of a spark ignition engine fueled with butanol–gasoline blends." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 1 (2018): 168781401774843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814017748438.

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The engine experiments require multiple tests that are hard, time-consuming, and high cost. Therefore, an artificial neural network model was developed in this study to successfully predict the engine performance and exhaust emissions when a port fuel injection spark ignition engine fueled with n-butanol–gasoline blends (0–60 vol.% n-butanol blended with gasoline referred as G100-B60) under various equivalence ratio. In the artificial neural network model, compression ratio, equivalence ratio, blend percentage, and engine load were used as the input parameters, while engine performance and emi

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Cao, Xuesong, Chenxi Zhang, Zehua Wang, and Xiaomin Sun. "Catalytic Reaction Mechanism of NO–CO on the ZrO2 (110) and (111) Surfaces." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 24 (2019): 6129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20246129.

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Due to the large population of vehicles, significant amounts of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and unburned hydrocarbons (HC) are emitted into the atmosphere, causing serious pollution to the environment. The use of catalysis prevents the exhaust from entering the atmosphere. To better understand the catalytic mechanism, it is necessary to establish a detailed chemical reaction mechanism. In this study, the adsorption behaviors of CO and NO, the reaction of NO reduction with CO on the ZrO2 (110) and (111) surfaces was performed through periodic density functional theory (DFT) cal

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Jeftić, Marko, Shui Yu, Xiaoye Han, Graham T. Reader, Meiping Wang, and Ming Zheng. "Effects of Postinjection Application with Late Partially Premixed Combustion on Power Production and Diesel Exhaust Gas Conditioning." Journal of Combustion 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/891096.

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The effects of postinjection with late partially premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) were investigated with respect to diesel exhaust gas conditioning and potential power production. Initial tests comparing postinjection application with PCCI to that with conventional diesel high temperature combustion (HTC) indicated the existence of similar trends in terms of carbon monoxide (CO), total unburned hydrocarbon (THC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and smoke emissions. However, postinjection in PCCI cycles exhibited lower NOxand smoke but higher CO and THC emissions. With PCCI operation, the

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Acevedo-Gamboa, Helmer-Rodolfo, and Elkin-Greforio Flórez-Serrano. "Particle matter from a diesel engine fueled with Jatropha curcas oil biodiesel and ultra-low sulphur diesel." CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro 5, no. 1 (2012): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.29047/01225383.211.

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Biodiesels are promoted as alternative fuels due to their potential to reduce dependency on fossil fuels and carbon emissions. Research in this field has focused on the study of the emissions of light duty vehicles. However, particle matter and gaseous emissions emitted from heavy-duty diesel engines fueled by Jatropha Oil Biodiesel (JOB) and Ultra-Low Sulphur Diesel (ULSD) has not been studied. The objective of this study is to explore the performance and emission levels of a Cummins 4-stroke, 4.8 liter, 4-cylinder diesel engine with common rail fuel injection, equipped with a cooled Exhaust

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Patel, Charula, Nilesh Bhatt, and Srinivas Palanki. "Assessment of Manganese Oxide and Cobalt Oxide Catalysts for Three Way Catalytic Converter." Kataliz v promyshlennosti 20, no. 4 (2020): 286–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0387-2020-4-286-302.

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Raising number of vehicles emits pollutants responsible for one third of total air pollution. Carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) are the main pollutants from petrol engines. It requires stringent vehicular emission norms to be followed for controlling it. Three Way Catalytic Converter (TWCC) contain Platinum Group Metals (PGMs) as catalyst to reduce exhaust emission and is widely used method that fulfills these standards. Because of high cost of PGMs and considerable advancement in metal oxide preparatory methods, metal oxide catalysts have gained more

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Kalargaris, Ioannis, Guohong Tian, and Sai Gu. "Influence of Advanced Injection Timing and Fuel Additive on Combustion, Performance, and Emission Characteristics of a DI Diesel Engine Running on Plastic Pyrolysis Oil." Journal of Combustion 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3126342.

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This paper presents the investigation of engine optimisation when plastic pyrolysis oil (PPO) is used as the primary fuel of a direct injection diesel engine. Our previous investigation revealed that PPO is a promising fuel; however the results suggested that control parameters should be optimised in order to obtain a better engine performance. In the present work, the injection timing was advanced, and fuel additives were utilised to overcome the issues experienced in the previous work. In addition, spray characteristics of PPO were investigated in comparison with diesel to provide in-depth u

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FAROOQ, Sk, and D. VINAY KUMAR. "Experimental Study on Performance, Emissions and Combustion Characteristics of PFI Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with E30 Equivalent Binary and Ternary GEM Blends." INCAS BULLETIN 12, no. 3 (2020): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2020.12.3.8.

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This work presents the concept of ternary blends of gasoline, ethanol and methanol (GEM) in which stoichiometric air to fuel ratio is controlled to 13.2, same as that of conventional binary E30 (Gasoline 70% + Ethanol 30% (v/v)) fuel blend. The formulated E30 equivalent ternary blends have approximately the same energy density, lower heating value and octane number as target binary E30 blend such that they can be a drop-in alternative to it. The experimental work was performed to investigate the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of PFI SI engine using E30 equivalent GEM blen

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Wojcieszyk, Michał, Lotta Knuutila, Yuri Kroyan, et al. "Performance of Anisole and Isobutanol as Gasoline Bio-Blendstocks for Spark Ignition Engines." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (2021): 8729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168729.

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Several countries have set ambitious targets for the transport sector that mandate a gradual increase in advanced biofuel content in the coming years. The current work addresses this transition and indicates two promising gasoline bio-blendstocks: Anisole and isobutanol. The whole value chains of these bio-components were considered, focusing on end-use performance, but also analyzing feedstock and its conversion, well-to wheel (WTW) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and costs. Three alternative fuels, namely a ternary blend (15% anisole, 15% isobutanol, 70% fossil gasoline on an energy basis) an

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Wanriko, Ponrawee, and Karoon Fangsuwannarak. "Exhaust Emission Reduction from Compression Ignition Engine by Using Palm Biodiesel Blended with Nano Zinc Oxide Additive." Materials Science Forum 909 (November 2017): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.909.249.

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Biofuel modifications play a major role in a substitution for fossil fuel to be used in diesel engines and reducing exhaust emission. The most amounts of crude palm oil produced from Asian region can be an alternative fuel, sustainably. By the modifying crude palm oil into pure palm oil biodiesel (POB100), alkali trans-esterification procedure was operated. In the present, the high-quality POB products have been investigated considerably for alternative fuel in 4-cylinders high-speed diesel engine. The aim of this paper is to study in the improvement of POB quality by repeated-distillation and

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Siwale, Lennox. "Effect of oxygenated fuels on emissions characteristics: a comparative study between compression ignition and spark ignition engines." International Journal of Petrochemical Science & Engineering 4, no. 2 (2019): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ipcse.2019.04.00104.

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It is agreed by scientists world-wide that continued burning of petroleum oils without intervention is a great threat to the environment. In this study a comparison is made of the extent of emissions produced between diesel and gasoline engines using oxygenated blends. In the gasoline engine 20% methanol -80%, gasoline M20 was used. In the diesel engine, 20% n-butanol and 80% diesel B20 was the test fuel. The gasoline engine was a naturally aspirated Suzuki RS-416 1.6L engine type and the diesel type engine was a 1Z type, 1.9L Turbo-Direct injection (TDI). The results obtained were as follows:

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Siwale, Lennox. "Effect of oxygenated fuels on emissions characteristics: a comparative study between compression ignition and spark ignition engines." International Journal of Petrochemical Science & Engineering 4, no. 2 (2019): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ipcse.2019.04.00104.

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It is agreed by scientists world-wide that continued burning of petroleum oils without intervention is a great threat to the environment. In this study a comparison is made of the extent of emissions produced between diesel and gasoline engines using oxygenated blends. In the gasoline engine 20% methanol -80%, gasoline M20 was used. In the diesel engine, 20% n-butanol and 80% diesel B20 was the test fuel. The gasoline engine was a naturally aspirated Suzuki RS-416 1.6L engine type and the diesel type engine was a 1Z type, 1.9L Turbo-Direct injection (TDI). The results obtained were as follows:

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Reksowardojo, Iman K., Long H. Duong, Rais Zain, et al. "Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Gas-Turbine Engine Fueled with Biojet/Jet A-1 Blends for the Development of Aviation Biofuel in Tropical Regions." Energies 13, no. 24 (2020): 6570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246570.

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Biofuels as alternative fuels in today’s world are becoming increasingly important for the reduction of greenhouse gases. Here, we present and evaluate the potential of a new alternative fuel based on the conversion of medium-chain fatty acids to biojet (MBJ), which was produced from coconut oil using hydrotreated processes. MBJ is produced by using both deoxygenation and isomerization processes. Several blends of this type of biojet fuel with Jet A-1 were run in a gas-turbine engine (Rover 1S/60, ROTAX LTD., London, England) for the purpose of investigating engine performance and emissions. P

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Shahad, Haroun A. K., and Saad K. Wabdan. "Effect of Operating Conditions on Pollutants Concentration Emitted from a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Gasoline Bioethanol Blends." Journal of Renewable Energy 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/170896.

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This study is an experimental investigation of the effect of bioethanol gasoline blending on exhaust emissions in terms of carbon dioxide CO2, carbon monoxide CO, unburnt hydrocarbons UHC, and nitric oxide NOxof a spark ignition engine. Tests are conducted at controlled throttle and variable speed condition over the range of 1200 to 2000 rpm with intervals 400 rpm. Different compression ratios are tested for each speed, namely (7,8,10, and 11). Pure gasoline and bioethanol gasoline blends are used. The bioethanol used is produced from Iraqi date crop (Zehdi). Blending is done on energy replace

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C, Ramesh, Murugesan A, and Vijayakumar C. "Reducing the Environmental Pollution from Diesel Engine Fuelled with Eco- Friendly Biodiesel Blends." Bulletin of Scientific Research 1, no. 2 (2019): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/bsr1925.

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Diesel engines are widely used for their low fuel consumption and better efficiency. Fuel conservation, efficiency and emission control are always the investigation points in the view of researchers in developing energy system. India to search for a suitable environmental friendly alternative to diesel fuel. The regulated emissions from diesel engines are carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbons (HC), NOx and Particulate matter. It creates cancer, lungs problems, headaches and physical and mental problems of human. This paper focuses on the substitution of fossil fuel diesel with renewable alternati

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Valipour Berenjestanaki, Alireza, and Dilawar Hussain. "Effect of Nitromethane and Jatropha Biodiesel on the Combustion, Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 18, no. 3 (2021): 8986–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.18.3.2021.11.0688.

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The experimental work reported has been carried out in two parts; Jatropha biodiesel production and engine test. The engine test has been carried out on a direct injection, single-cylinder, water-cooled stationary diesel engine. Several diesel fuel blends which contain 10% and 20% by volume of JBD and 1% and 3% nitromethane were prepared. The effects of these blends on the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of diesel engine were studied. The tests were performed under constant speed and varying load conditions without altering injection timing. A maximum increase of 11.73%,

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Tarabet, Lyes, Khaled Loubar, Mohand Said Lounici, Samir Hanchi, and Mohand Tazerout. "Eucalyptus Biodiesel as an Alternative to Diesel Fuel: Preparation and Tests on DI Diesel Engine." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/235485.

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Nowadays, the increasing oil consumption throughout the world induces crucial economical, security, and environmental problems. As a result, intensive researches are undertaken to find appropriate substitution to fossil fuels. In view of the large amount of eucalyptus trees present in arid areas, we focus in this study on the investigation of using eucalyptus biodiesel as fuel in diesel engine. Eucalyptus oil is converted by transesterification into biodiesel. Eucalyptus biodiesel characterization shows that the physicochemical properties are comparable to those of diesel fuel. In the second p

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Price, G. R., K. K. Botros, and G. M. Goldin. "CFD Predictions and Field Measurements of NOx Emissions From LM1600 Gas Turbine During Part Load Operation." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 124, no. 2 (2002): 276–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1413769.

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CFD simulations of the combustion process and formation of emissions in an industrial GE LM1600 gas turbine have been performed over a range of unit loads. Two combustion models were considered here to characterize the combustion process, the chemical equilibrium model and the nonequilibrium laminar flamelet model. The flamelet model predictions of nitric oxide concentration demonstrated much closer agreement with field measurements of continuous emission monitoring systems, due to accurate modeling of the oxygen radial concentration. The predictions made with this model are within 15 percent

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Li, T., M. Suzuki, and H. Ogawa. "Effect of Two-Stage Injection on Unburned Hydrocarbon and Carbon Monoxide Emissions in Smokeless Low-Temperature Diesel Combustion with Ultra-High Exhaust Gas Recirculation." International Journal of Engine Research 11, no. 5 (2010): 345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/14680874jer585.

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Guan, Wei, Vinícius B. Pedrozo, Hua Zhao, Zhibo Ban, and Tiejian Lin. "Variable valve actuation–based combustion control strategies for efficiency improvement and emissions control in a heavy-duty diesel engine." International Journal of Engine Research 21, no. 4 (2019): 578–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087419846031.

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High nitrogen oxide levels of the conventional diesel engine combustion often requires the introduction of exhaust gas recirculation at high engine loads. This can adversely affect the smoke emissions and fuel conversion efficiency associated with a reduction of the in-cylinder air-fuel ratio (lambda). In addition, low exhaust gas temperatures at low engine loads reduce the effectiveness of aftertreatment systems necessary to meet stringent emissions regulations. These are some of the main issues encountered by current heady-duty diesel engines. In this work, variable valve actuation–based adv

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Ayandotun, Wasiu B., A. Rashid A. Aziz, and Morgan R. Heikal. "The Effect of High Carbon Dioxide Content on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Direct Injection (DI) Compressed Natural Gas Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 663 (October 2014): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.663.64.

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This paper investigates the potential of utilizing the undeveloped natural gas fields in Malaysia with high carbon dioxide (CO2) content ranging from 28 to 87%. For this experiment, various CO2 proportions by volume were added to pure natural gas as a way of simulating raw natural gas compositions in these fields. The experimental tests were carried out using a 4-stroke single cylinder spark ignition (SI) direct injection (DI) compressed natural gas (CNG) engine. The tests were carried out at 180°CA BTDC injection timing and 3000 rpm, to establish the effects on the engine performance. The fin

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Аладашвили, Иосиф, Iosif Aladashvili, Ольга Макарова, Ol'ga Makarova, Фанис Яруллин, and Fanis Yarullin. "SOOT FORMATION WHILE OPERATING A DIESEL POWER UNIT." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 14, no. 2 (2019): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5d3e16a5a33a65.96468956.

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The article presents the technical, economic and environmental problems that arise during the operation of power units of any kind. Harmful components that poison the environment during the operation of diesel power units are a combination of different chemical compounds. Oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide and various unburned hydrocarbons are abundantly present in the exhaust gases of power units, but in our opinion soot is the most insidious, and it also takes up almost 50% of all diesel engine poisonous substances. The purpose of this work is to improve the technical, economic and environm

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Raman, R. Sundara, G. Sankara Narayanan, N. Manoharan, and S. Sendilvelan. "ANALYSIS OF PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF A DIESEL ENGINE FUELLED WITH BIODIESEL." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 46, no. 1 (2017): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jme.v46i1.32518.

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The rapid depletion in world petroleum reserves and uncertainty in petroleum supply due to political and economical reasons along with the sharp escalation in the petroleum prices have simulated the search for alternatives to petroleum based fuels especially diesel and gasoline. Moreover, bulks of petroleum fuels are being consumed by agriculture and transport sector for which diesel engine happens to be the prime mover. Though there are wide varieties of alternative fuels available the research has not yet provided the right renewable fuel to replace diesel. Vegetable oil due to their propert

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DEVYANIN, SERGEY N., VLADIMIR A. MARKOV, ALEKSANDR G. LEVSHIN, TAMARA P. KOBOZEVA, and ALEKSEI YU ALIPICHEV. "USE OF NORTHERN ECOTYPE SOYBEANS FOR BIOFUEL PRODUCTION." AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING, no. 6 (2020): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2687-1149-2020-6-22-30.

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The paper presents the results of long-term research on the oil productivity and chemical composition of soybean oil of the Northern ecotype varieties in the Central Non-Black Earth Region. The authors consider its possible use for biodiesel production. Experiments on growing soybeans were carried out on the experimental fi eld of Russian State Agrarian University –Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy (2008-2019) on recognized ultra-early ripening varieties of the Northern ecotype Mageva, Svetlaya, Okskaya (ripeness group 000). Tests were set and the research results were analyzed using stan

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Dinesha, P., Shiva Kumar, and Marc A. Rosen. "Effects of particle size of cerium oxide nanoparticles on the combustion behavior and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine powered by biodiesel/diesel blend." Biofuel Research Journal 8, no. 2 (2021): 1374–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18331/brj2021.8.2.3.

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Meeting the emission norms specified by governing bodies is one of the major challenges faced by engine manufacturers, especially without sacrificing engine performance and fuel economy. Several methods and techniques are being used globally to reduce engine emissions. Even though emissions can be reduced, doing so usually entails a deterioration in performance. To address this problem, nanoadditives such as cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles are used to reduce engine emissions while improving engine performance. However, some aspects of the application of these nanoadditives are still unknown.

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Quadri, Syed Azam Pasha, Girish Srivatsa Rentala, and Raghavendra Sarap. "Performance, combustion and exhaust emissions analysis of HCNG fuelled single cylinder diesel engine at different injection opening pressures." World Journal of Engineering 15, no. 6 (2018): 710–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-03-2017-0054.

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Purpose Over past decades, the fossil fuel reserves in the world have been decreasing at an alarming rate and a lack of crude oil is expected in the early decades of this century. Also, the eco-neutral pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrigen (NOx) and unburnt hydrocarbons (UHC) are also increasing. This calls for innovative research in non-conventional fuels to replace fossil fuels. Hydrogen is one such fuel which has an exceptional combustion property and appears to be proving itself as the best transportation fuel of the future. On the other hand, compressed natural gas(C

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Kumar, M. Senthil, A. Kerihuel, J. Bellettre, and M. Tazerout. "A Comparative Study of Different Methods of Using Animal Fat as a Fuel in a Compression Ignition Engine." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 128, no. 4 (2005): 907–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2180278.

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This work explores a comparative study of different methods of using animal fat as a fuel in a compression ignition engine. A single-cylinder air-cooled, direct-injection diesel engine is used to test the fuels at 100% and 60% of the maximum engine power output conditions. Initially, animal fat is tested as fuel at normal temperature. Then, it is preheated to 70°C and used as fuel. Finally, animal fat is converted into methanol and ethanol emulsions using water and tested as fuel. A drop in cylinder peak pressure, longer ignition delay, and a lower premixed combustion rate are observed with ne

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Singh, Mandeep, Surjit Kumar Gandhi, Sunil Kumar Mahla, and Sarbjot Singh Sandhu. "Experimental investigations on performance and emission characteristics of variable speed multi-cylinder compression ignition engine using Diesel/Argemone biodiesel blends." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 36, no. 3 (2017): 535–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598717738573.

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The present work explores the use of argemone mexicana (non-edible and adulterer to mustard oil) biodiesel in multicylinder compression ignition, indirect injection engine. Argemone Mexicana biodiesel was produced by transesterification process and the important physico-chemical properties of various blends were investigated. Blends of diesel/biodiesel (AB10, AB20, AB30 and AB40) were prepared and used for analysing the engine performance and emission characteristics at varying loads (0, 25, 50 and 75%) and speeds (2500–4000 r/min). The results show improvement in indicated thermal efficiency

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Su, Sheng, Yunshan Ge, Xin Wang, et al. "Evaluating the In-Service Emissions of High-Mileage Dedicated Methanol-Fueled Passenger Cars: Regulated and Unregulated Emissions." Energies 13, no. 11 (2020): 2680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112680.

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This paper reports the regulated, unregulated, and particle number emissions from six high-mileage, China-4 compliant, dedicated methanol taxis over the new European driving cycle. Compared to new vehicles, carbon monoxide, total hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides emissions from in-use methanol taxis increased by 76.1%, 40.2%, and 179.8%, respectively. Still, they managed to meet China-4, indicating good in-service conformity. In the test fleet, the test vehicles with longer mileage inclined to emit higher carbon monoxide and total hydrocarbons emissions. Formaldehyde emissions from these field

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Nadar, Kapilan, and Rana Reddy. "Combustion and emission characteristics of a dual fuel engine operated with mahua oil and liquefied petroleum gas." Thermal Science 12, no. 1 (2008): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0801115n.

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For the present work, a single cylinder diesel engine was modified to work in dual fuel mode. To study the feasibility of using methyl ester of mahua oil as pilot fuel, it was used as pilot fuel and liquefied petroleum gas was used as primary fuel. In dual fuel mode, pilot fuel quantity and injector opening pressure are the few variables, which affect the performance and emission of dual fuel engine. Hence, in the present work, pilot fuel quantity and injector opening pressure were varied. From the test results, it was observed that the pilot fuel quantity of 5 mg per cycle and injector openin

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Karthe, M., M. Tamilarasan, S. C. Prasanna, and A. Manikandan. "Experimental Investigation on Reduction of NO_X Emission Using Zeolite Coated Converter in CI Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 854 (October 2016): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.854.72.

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In the recent times, the issues of reduction of harmful pollutants emitted from an internal combustion engine have gained large prominence as a part of climate change and global warming. Automobile and power generation systems are identified to be one of the largest contributors to atmospheric pollution. Some of the major pollutants emitted from an engine are Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), Carbon monoxide (CO), Unburnt Hydrocarbon (UBHC) and soot particles. This project work presents a new wash coat material is in the catalytic converter to be used for compressed ignition engine. Zeolite coated in

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Yacoub, Y. M., and R. M. Bata. "Development and Validation of a Thermodynamic Model for an SI Single-Cylinder Engine." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 120, no. 1 (1998): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2818078.

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A multizone quasi-dimensional model that illustrates the intake, compression, combustion, expansion, and exhaust processes has been developed for a single-cylinder four-stroke spark-ignition engine. The model takes into consideration mass and energy conservation in the engine cylinder, intake and exhaust plenums, and crank-case plenum. The model calculates instantaneous variations in gas thermodynamic states, gas properties, heat release rates, in-cylinder turbulence, piston ring motion, blowby, nitric oxide, and carbon monoxide formation. The cycle simulation accounts for the induced gas velo

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Akkoli, K. M., N. R. Banapurmath, Suresh G, et al. "Effect of Producer Gas from Redgram Stalk and Combustion Chamber Types on the Emission and Performance Characteristics of Diesel Engine." Energies 14, no. 18 (2021): 5879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185879.

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The engine performance has been improved by modifying the combustion chamber shape of the diesel engine for dual-fuel operation with liquid fuel and producer gas (PG). The combined effect of gaseous fuel from redgram stalk and combustion chamber type on the emission and performance of blended-fuel of diesel and HOME biodiesel–PG has been investigated. In this experimental study, four varieties of combustion chambers hemispherical (HCC), low swirl (LSCC), dual swirl (DSCC), and toroidal re-entrant (TRCC) were analyzed comprehensively. The results presented that the TRCC configuration with a giv

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Yang, Jin Xiang, and Xiao Long Li. "Study on Emission Characteristics of Automobile Exhaust and Control Measures with Environmental Materials." Advanced Materials Research 600 (November 2012): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.600.55.

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With the rapid development of automobile industry and the accelerated process of urbanization, pollution caused by automobile exhaust had become one of the major sources of urban environment and atmospheric environment pollution. According to the automobile exhaust emission characteristics in this paper, the generation mechanism of major automobile exhaust pollutants which were suspended solid particles, carbon monoxide nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons, were described, as well as emission control measures with environmental materials.

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Cerio, F. M., W. A. Weimer, and C. E. Johnson. "Diamond growth using carbon monoxide as a carbon source." Journal of Materials Research 7, no. 5 (1992): 1195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1992.1195.

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Polycrystalline diamond films were produced in a microwave plasma assisted CVD reactor using CO as the carbon source gas. Reactor exhaust gas compositions were determined by mass spectrometry using 2–10% CO and 0–1.5% O2 in H2 feed gas mixtures. The chemistry involved in the gas phase is similar to that which occurs when diamond is grown using hydrocarbons as carbon source gases. A chemical mechanism for the oxidation of CH4 in flames appears to be applicable to this system. Addition of O2 to the reactor feed gas results in increased growth rates for low addition levels possibly due to activat

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Li, Yu, Jinke Gong, Wenhua Yuan, Jun Fu, Bin Zhang, and Yuqiang Li. "Experimental investigation on combustion, performance, and emissions characteristics of butanol as an oxygenate in a spark ignition engine." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 9, no. 2 (2017): 168781401668884. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814016688848.

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Ethanol is known as the most widely used alternative fuel for spark-ignition engines. Compared to it, butanol has proved to be a very promising renewable fuel in recent years for desirable properties. The conjoint analysis on combustion, performance, and emissions characteristics of a port fuel injection spark-ignition engine fueled with butanol–gasoline blends was carried out. In comparison with butanol–gasoline blends with various butanol ratio (0–60 vol% referred as G100~B60) and conventional alcohol alternative fuels (methanol, ethanol, and butanol)–gasoline blends, it shows that B30 perfo

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Suhel, Ameer, Norwazan Abdul Rahim, Mohd Rosdzimin Abdul Rahman, Khairol Amali Bin Ahmad, Yew Heng Teoh, and Noh Zainal Abidin. "An Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Ferrous Ferric Oxide Nano-Additive and Chicken Fat Methyl Ester on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Compression Ignition Engine." Symmetry 13, no. 2 (2021): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13020265.

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In recent years, industries have been investing to develop a potential alternative fuel to substitute the depleting fossil fuels which emit noxious emissions. Present work investigated the effect of ferrous ferric oxide nano-additive on performance and emission parameters of compression ignition engine fuelled with chicken fat methyl ester blends. The nano-additive was included with various methyl ester blends at different ppm of 50, 100, and 150 through the ultrasonication process. Probe sonicator was utilized for nano-fuel preparation to inhibit the formation of agglomeration of nanoparticle

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Spicer, C. W., M. W. Holdren, D. L. Smith, D. P. Hughes, and M. D. Smith. "Chemical Composition of Exhaust From Aircraft Turbine Engines." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 114, no. 1 (1992): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906292.

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This paper reports measurements of the chemical composition of exhaust from two aircraft turbine engines. The two engines are the F101, used on the B-1B aircraft, and the F110, used on the F-16C and F-16D aircraft. Samples were collected from each engine using a probe positioned just behind the exhaust nozzle. The measurements reported here were made at four power settings from idle to intermediate power. Exhaust composition measurements included carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, total hydrocarbons, and individual organic species. The principal focus of this paper is on the det

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ANDRYCH-ZALEWSKA, Monika, Zdzisław CHŁOPEK, Jerzy MERKISZ, and Jacek PIELECHA. "Evaluation of the test drive cycle conditions impact on exhaust emissions from an internal combustion engine." Combustion Engines 175, no. 4 (2018): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2018-401.

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Test results of exhaust emission sensitivity to engine operating conditions from a vehicle with a compression ignition engine have been analyzed. These results were determined in driving tests: NEDC (New European Driving Cycle), RDE (Real Driving Emissions) and Malta, an original drive cycle developed at Poznan University of Technology. The tests in the NEDC and Malta cycles were carried out on the engine dynamometer in driving tests simulation conditions, while the RDE test was carried out in the real conditions of passenger car traffic. The mean exhaust emission test results of carbon monoxi

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Bitrus, R., I. A. Rufai, and S. H. Ogweda. "Effect of Butanol Addition to Neem Biodiesel-Diesel Blend on Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 5 (2020): 881–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i5.24.

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The effect of butanol addition in biodiesel-diesel blend to ascertain the emission characteristics of diesel engine was investigated. Experiments were carried out on a four-stroke, single cylinder, air-cooled compression ignition engine. A blend of neem biodiesel 20% and diesel fuel 80% was prepared and labelled as B20. Butanol was then added to B20 blend at volume percent of 5%, 10% and 15% which was labelled as B20Bu5, B20Bu10 and B20Bu15 respectively. These samples were tested on the engine at two conditions: firstly, when speed was constant (2600 rpm) with varying torque of 4, 6, 8, 10 and

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