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Journal articles on the topic 'Uncontrolled use of hormones or anabolic drugs'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

J.E.Rejepbayev. "The impact of drugs on metabolic processes in calves and their misuse." Multidisciplinary Journal of Science and Technology 5, no. 5 (2025): 632–38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15416800.

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This article studies the metabolic processes in calves and the effect of drugs on them. The role of vitamins, minerals, probiotics and energy stimulants in stimulating metabolism and the consequences of improper use of drugs are highlighted. Practical recommendations for calf care are also given.

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Lykhonosov, Mykola P., Alina Y. Babenko, Viktor A. Makarin, and Yury N. Fedotov. "Peculiarity of recovery of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (hpg) axis, in men after using androgenic anabolic steroids." Problems of Endocrinology 66, no. 1 (2020): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl12223.

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BACKGROUND: Spontaneous recovery of the hypothalamicpituitarygonadal (HPG) axis after cessation of testosterone replacement therapy or after male contraception may take up to 24 months. There is insufficient data on the duration of recovery of HPG axis after abuse of androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS). AAS users use post-cycle therapy (PCT) to restore HPG axis, the effectiveness of which is unknown and needs further investigation. AIMS: To evaluate the recovery of HPG axis in men, AAS users, after a 3-month of cessation of their use and after PCT. METHODS: An observational, single-

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Nikolic, Bozana, and Dusica Rakic. "The use of anabolic androgenic steroids: A focus on polypharmacy." Medical review 71, no. 11-12 (2018): 413–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1812413n.

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Introduction. Anabolic androgenic steroids, such as testosterone and its synthetic analogue, nandrolone, have clear clinical indications. However, their abuse is practiced to enhance physical performance in professional, recreational and non-professional athletes; outside of sports, their nonmedical use is associated with different social groups (criminal activities, substance abuse). Polypharmacy. Testosterone and its synthetic analogues are also used for nonmedical purposes, mainly administered in supraphysiological doses in cycles lasting a few weeks. In order to potentiate the anabolic pro

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Zahra, Naseem, Sabahat Mahnoor, Abdul Ahad, and Rida Ishfaq. "Preamble of Steroids Types and Presence of Androgenic Anabolic Steroids (AAS) in Humans and Animals." Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences 5, no. 02 (2021): 110–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2021.0502153.

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ABSTRACT: Steroids are the hormones; the main source of which are Adrenal glands and Gonads. Human body produced them naturally in a balanced quantity.They have mainly two types i.e. corticosteroids and anabolic-androgenic steroids (or in short form “anabolic”). Now-a-days these are artificially synthesized as drugs which are given to humans and animals. Anabolic steroids are naturally produced in body 4.0–9.0 mg per day. They are also used artificially to treat testosterone level in human body while athletes are using them to build their muscles. Athletes misuse this drug 10 to 1000 times mor

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White, Nicole D., and James Noeun. "Performance-Enhancing Drug Use in Adolescence." American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine 11, no. 2 (2016): 122–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559827616680593.

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Despite inconclusive efficacy data and concerning safety data, the use of performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) in the adolescent population is on the rise. Anabolic-androgenic steroids, growth hormones, stimulants, and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents are among the most widely known and studied prescription PEDs in the adolescent population. The purpose of this article is to describe the proposed mechanism of action, efficacy and adverse effects of these agents as well as discuss prevention measures and treatment considerations for those patients at risk for, considering, or currently using PED

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Câmara, Lucas Caseri. "Complexities in Assessing Health Risks of Anabolic Steroid Abuse." Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 26, no. 12 (2024): 151–53. https://doi.org/10.9734/jamps/2024/v26i12740.

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The misuse of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) has been linked to a broad spectrum of adverse effects, ranging from mild symptoms like acne and gynecomastia to severe health risks, including cardiovascular complications. However, establishing causality for these outcomes is hindered by significant methodological limitations in many studies, which often rely on case reports, uncontrolled cohorts, or retrospective analyses. Additionally, numerous confounding factors complicate the interpretation of results, such as the use of counterfeit or adulterated drugs, excessive dosing, prolonged use, p

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Ingerslev, F., E. Vaclavik, and B. Halling-Sørensen. "Pharmaceuticals and personal care products - A source of endocrine disruption in the environment?" Pure and Applied Chemistry 75, no. 11-12 (2003): 1881–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200375111881.

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A wide variety of chemicals are used in pharmaceuticals. Most of these are already under thorough control for endocrine activity. The main causal agents recognized for endocrine disruption from sewage are substances used in medicine (sex hormones, glucocorticoids, and others), natural substances (estrone and 17β-estradiol), and synthetic estrogens (e.g., 17α-ethinylestradiol). Similar substances are used in anabolic agents (growth hormones) in livestock production in some countries. Although the estimated use of anabolic agents in livestock production is approximately one order of magnitude be

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Boyce, Eric G. "Use and Effectiveness of Performance-Enhancing Substances." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 16, no. 1 (2003): 22–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190002239630.

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The use and effects of selected performance-enhancing drugs and nutritional supplements are reviewed. Recent sports medicine studies are mostly double blind and placebo controlled but contain relatively small sample sizes. Their data appear reliable and are reported in reputable journals. Definitions and methods used in sports medicine are provided to enhance the understanding of this literature. The use of performance-enhancing substances is probably under-reported. Anabolic-androgenic steroids are reportedly used in 0% to 1% of women, 0.5% to 3% of high school girls, 1% to 5% of men, 1% to 1

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Mohammed, Hussam Hashim, Noor Owaid Owada, and Noor Jaasim Mohammed. "Thyroid hormone use in athletes: Physiological insights and doping controversies." Journal of Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University 7, no. 2 (2024): 211–18. https://doi.org/10.32593/jstmu/vol7.iss2.310.

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Among the human body's most vital organs is the thyroid gland. The hormones produced by the thyroid have anabolic properties, at least when present at physiological concentrations. This paper aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of thyroid hormone use in sports doping. The physiology of skeletal muscles is significantly influenced by thyroid hormones. Exposure to T3 and T4 may enhance muscle blood flow, myogenesis, and renewal. Over an extended period, such hormones could contribute to weight loss. These methods suggest that thyroid hormones might be a likely agent in sport

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Sato, Shogo, Ken Shirato, Kaoru Tachiyashiki та Kazuhiko Imaizumi. "Muscle Plasticity andβ2-Adrenergic Receptors: Adaptive Responses ofβ2-Adrenergic Receptor Expression to Muscle Hypertrophy and Atrophy". Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011 (2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/729598.

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We discuss the functional roles ofβ2-adrenergic receptors in skeletal muscle hypertrophy and atrophy as well as the adaptive responses ofβ2-adrenergic receptor expression to anabolic and catabolic conditions.β2-Adrenergic receptor stimulation using anabolic drugs increases muscle mass by promoting muscle protein synthesis and/or attenuating protein degradation. These effects are prevented by the downregulation of the receptor. Endurance training improves oxidative performance partly by increasingβ2-adrenergic receptor density in exercise-recruited slow-twitch muscles. However, excessive stimul

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Copeland, Jennifer L. "Anabolic Hormones in Aging Women: Effects of Supplementation vs. Physical Activity." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 29, no. 1 (2004): 76–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h04-007.

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Aging is associated with a decline in bone mass, muscle mass, strength, and physical function, and women are more likely to suffer from these physical changes than men. The model presented in this paper illustrates the age related changes in anabolic hormones and how this may partly explain the diminished physical function of older women. The model can also be used to identify potential sites of intervention that could delay the atrophy of the musculoskeletal system. Various pharmacological hormone therapies have been shown to be beneficial, but there may be health risks associated with their

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Hildebrandt, Tom, Rachel Yehuda, and Lauren Alfano. "What can allostasis tell us about anabolic–androgenic steroid addiction?" Development and Psychopathology 23, no. 3 (2011): 907–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579411000393.

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AbstractAnabolic–androgenic steroids (AASs) are synthetic hormones used by individuals who want to look better or perform better in athletics and at the gym. Their use raises an interesting paradox in which drug use is associated with a number of health benefits, but also the possibility of negative health consequences. Existing models of AAS addiction follow the traditional framework of drug abuse and dependence, which suggest that harmful use occurs as a result of the drug's ability to hijack the motivation–reward system. However, AASs, unlike typical drugs of abuse, are not used for acute i

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Furlanello, Francesco, Laura Vitali Serdoz, Riccardo Cappato, and Luigi De Ambroggi. "Illicit drugs and cardiac arrhythmias in athletes." European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation 14, no. 4 (2007): 487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/hjr.0b013e3280ecfe3e.

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The current management of athletes with cardiac arrhythmias has become complicated by the widespread use of illicit drugs, which can be arrhythmogenic. The World Anti-Doping Agency annually updates a list of prohibited substances and methods banned by the International Olympic Committee that includes different classes of substances namely, anabolic androgenic steroids, hormones and related substances, β2-agonists, diuretics, stimulants, narcotics, cannabinoids, glucocorticosteroids, alcohol, β-blockers and others. Almost all illicit drugs may cause, through a direct or indirect arrhythmogenic

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Nikolin, Branko, Meliha Lekić, and Miroslav Sober. "Introduction of the new analytical approaches to the doping control on the XIV Winter Olympic Games." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 3, no. 3 (2003): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2003.3528.

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In this paper we present introduction and development of some new analytical methods for identification of anabolic steroids, their metabolites and certain hormones, especially determination of exogenous testosterone by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Identification of central nervous stimulants and corticosteroides has been performed by high performance liquid chromatography. In desire to achieve better results, to increase strength and endurance, to sharpen reflexes and to reduce stress and anxiety athletes as well as other people use different pharmacological substances, horm

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Silva, Vítor, Ricardo Madeira, João Joaquim, and Cristiano Matos. "Safety Implications of Off-Label Medication Use in Athletes: A Narrative Review." Medicines 11, no. 8 (2024): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicines11080020.

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In recent years, the off-label use of medications in sports has increased significantly, primarily driven by psychological and social factors. Athletes frequently misuse drugs without adequate medical supervision, relying on unreliable sources of information, which leads to improper usage and serious health risks. This narrative review analyzes literature from PubMed® (Medline), Scopus®, and Web of Science® databases, focusing on studies up to December 2023, to examine the safety concerns related to off-label drug use in sports. The review presents an overview of the off-label use of pharmacol

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Grant, Bonnie, John Campbell, Anjali Pradeep, et al. "Factors predicting normalization of reproductive hormones after cessation of anabolic-androgenic steroids in men: a single center retrospective study." European Journal of Endocrinology 189, no. 6 (2023): 601–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejendo/lvad164.

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Abstract Objective Symptomatic hypogonadism discourages men from stopping anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS). Some men illicitly take drugs temporarily stimulating endogenous testosterone following AAS cessation (post-cycle therapy; PCT) to lessen hypogonadal symptoms. We investigated whether prior PCT use was associated with the normalization of reproductive hormones following AAS cessation. Methods Retrospective analysis of 641 men attending a clinic between 2015-2022 for a single, nonfasting, random blood test &lt;36 months following AAS cessation, with or without PCT. Normalized reprod

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Silva, Paulo Rodrigo Pedroso da, Geraldo Albuquerque Maranhao Neto, Vandré Casagrande Figueiredo, et al. "DOPING SURVEY IN THE YOUTH SCHOOL GAMES IN BRAZIL." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 23, no. 6 (2017): 436–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220172306163303.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Doping control is an important means for preventing the use of illegal substances and methods in sports. Objective: This study investigated the self-reported use of illegal substances among young Brazilian students in the Youth School Games, the main sporting event among school-aged athletes in Brazil with almost 2 million students during all the phases. Methods: Cross-sectional study with athletes of the Youth School Games 2006 aged 14-17 years. The subjects were randomly selected and completed an anonymous questionnaire about substances use. Chi-square test was used fo

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Tlish, M. M., M. E. Shavilova, N. L. Sycheva, and F. A. Psavok. "Topical glucocorticosteroids: from high clinical efficacy to the problem of uncontrolled use (case report)." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 6 (May 11, 2023): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/ms2023-043.

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Due to their pronounced biological activity, glucocorticosteroids are widely used in various fields of medical practice. The variety of effects of these hormones makes them an important part of the treatment of dermatological patients. This group of drugs has a pronounced positive effect on various links in the pathogenesis of many chronic dermatoses due to anti-inflammatory, vasoconstrictive, immunosuppressive and antiproliferative effects. The creation of combined external preparations containing a glucocorticosteroid in combination with an antibacterial and/or antifungal component has becom

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Eustaquio, Patrick C., Jan Dio Miguel Dela Cruz, Yanyan Araña, et al. "Prevalence of and factors associated with the use of gender-affirming hormonal therapy outside the reference regimen among transgender people in a community-led clinic in Metro Manila, Philippines: a retrospective cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 13, no. 9 (2023): e072252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072252.

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ObjectivesWe aimed to describe the gender-affirming hormonal therapy (GAHT) intake behaviour and regimen and the factors associated with the use of hormones inconsistent with reference GAHT regimen among transgender people in the Philippines.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingTransgender community clinic in Metro Manila, Philippines from March 2017 to December 2019.ParticipantsGender-affirming care-seeking individuals of at least 18 years old, who self-identified as transgender or non-binary, and who self-reported current or previous use of GAHT at baseline consult.Primary outcome measuresRepo

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Hirpessa, Belachew B., Beyza H. Ulusoy, and Canan Hecer. "Hormones and Hormonal Anabolics: Residues in Animal Source Food, Potential Public Health Impacts, and Methods of Analysis." Journal of Food Quality 2020 (August 28, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5065386.

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The demand for nutritious food, especially food of animal origin, is globally increasing due to escalating population growth and a dietary shift to animal source food. In order to fulfill the requirements, producers are using veterinary drugs such as hormones and hormone-like anabolic agents. Hormones such as steroidal (estrogens, gestagens, and androgens), nonsteroidal, semisynthetic, and synthetic or designer drugs are all growth-promoting and body-partitioning agents. Hence, in food animal production practice, farm owners use these chemicals to improve body weight gain, increase feed conver

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Mohammed, Sura, and Zina Mudhafar Anwer. "Consequences of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids Abuse in Males, Sexual Hepatic and Metabolic Perspective." Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences( P-ISSN 1683 - 3597 E-ISSN 2521 - 3512) 32, no. 3 (2023): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol32iss3pp25-34.

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Abstract Background: anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) are becoming increasingly popular between bodybuilders and people who want to enhance their physiques. However, according to the rise of the Internet and laws prohibiting sales of these substances without prescription, the route of obtaining and administration practices have become more and more dangerous. Objective: Anabolic-androgenic steroids represents a group of synthetic testosterone derivatives its play an important role in clinical treatment. These group of drugs are widely abused among the general public to increase

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Xia, Wenhan, and Raouf A. Khalil. "Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cardiovascular Health in Postmenopausal Women." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 11 (2025): 5078. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26115078.

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Sex-related differences are found not only in the reproductive system but also across various biological systems, such as the cardiovascular system. Compared with premenopausal women, cardiovascular disease (CVD) tends to occur more frequently in adult men and postmenopausal women (Post-MW). Also, during the reproductive years, sex hormones synthesized and released into the blood stream affect vascular function in a sex-dependent fashion. Estrogen (E2) interacts with estrogen receptors (ERs) in endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle, and the extracellular matrix, causing both genomic and no

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Mengesha, Seyoum, Abilo Tadesse, Biruk Mulat Worku, Kifle Alamrew, Tesfaye Yesuf, and Yonas Gedamu. "Control rate of hyperthyroidism and its associated factors after prolonged use of anti-thyroid drugs in a hospital setting, Northwest Ethiopia." Medicine 103, no. 23 (2024): e38201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000038201.

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Hyperthyroidism is increased synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland resulting in thyrotoxicosis. The modality of therapy for hyperthyroidism includes anti-thyroid drugs, radioiodine and surgery. Anti-thyroid drugs are the only available therapy for hyperthyroid patients in developing world as radioiodine is inaccessible and surgical set up does not exist as required. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude and predictors of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism among hyperthyroid patients after prolonged anti-thyroid drug use. An institutional-based cross sectiona

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Samoshkin, Vladlen, Victor Meleshko, and Artem Yakovenko. "DOPING IN SPORTS AND WAYS COMBATING VIOLATIONS ANTI-DOPING LEGISLATION." Sports Bulletin of the Dnieper 1 (2020): 142–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32540/2071-1476-2019-1-142.

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Introduction and purpose of the study. In article to perform that doping is one of the serious of problem of modern sport. Defines important questions regarding antidoping rules and anti-doping control in sport. Given the promising solutions to the problems of doping in Ukraine. It is an extremely complex because it involves the interrelated medical, legal, political, moral, organizational, social and pedagogical aspects. To use the doping is the same to spread and the most to chase’s infringement of the law in branch of sport which to lie in the area of several fields by law. Just for this of

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Sánchez-Gurmaches, Joan, Lourdes Cruz-Garcia, Joaquím Gutiérrez, and Isabel Navarro. "Endocrine control of oleic acid and glucose metabolism in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) muscle cells in culture." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 299, no. 2 (2010): R562—R572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00696.2009.

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The effects of insulin and IGF-I on fatty acid (FA) and glucose metabolism were examined using oleic acid or glucose as tracers in differentiated rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) myotubes. Insulin and IGF-I significantly reduced the production of CO2 from oleic acid with respect to the control values. IGF-I also significantly reduced the production of acid-soluble products (ASP) and the concentration of FA in the medium, while cellular triacylglycerols (TAG) tended to increase. Only insulin produced a significant accumulation of glycogen inside the cells in glucose distribution experiment

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Chyzh, M. O., I. V. Koshurba, M. M. Marchenko, F. V. Hladkykh, and I. V. Belochkina. "Gender determinism of the effect of placenta cryoextract on the hepatotropic effects of esomeprazole, clarithromycin and metronidazole in chronic liver damage." Modern medical technology, no. 1(56) (March 20, 2023): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.34287/mmt.1(56).2023.9.

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Current regimens for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection include bismuth drugs, proton pump inhibitors, and a combination of 2–3 antibacterial drugs. Uncontrolled use of antibacterial agents as part of eradication schemes increases the risk of developing their unwanted drug reactions, in particular, hepatotoxicity. As a means with potentially hepatoprotective activity, our attention was drawn to placental cryoextract. The purpose of the study. To characterize the gender aspects of the hepatotropic action of placenta cryoextract in tetrachloromethane hepatitis with background

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Kim Khoo, Serena Sert, Zanariah Hussein, Gayathri Devi Krishnan, et al. "A Randomised, Controlled Trial of Adjunctive Cholestyramine or Prednisolone Compared to Standard Therapy for the Treatment of Uncontrolled Graves’ Disease (the Chops Study)." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (2021): A823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1677.

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Abstract Introduction: Antithyroid drugs (ATDs) are recommended effective treatment for uncontrolled Graves’ disease but achieves maximal antithyroid effects between 6 to 12 weeks. Cholestyramine sequesters thyroid hormones in the intestine and enhances its fecal excretion. Steroids inhibits the conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine peripherally and blocks thyroid hormone production. We hypothesize that adjunctive cholestyramine or prednisolone to ATDs may reduce circulating thyroid hormones and improve biochemical control. Methods: In this multicenter, open labelled, parallel-group tria

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Prylutska, V. A., A. V. Solntsаva, and T. A. Piskun. "Irizin: a new myokine and its effect on metabolism." Ukrainian Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology, no. 1 (December 6, 2021): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30978/ujpe2021-1-17.

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Muscles release hormones (myokines) into the bloodstream, which affect the production of cytokines and their metabolism in various organs and tissues. One of them is irisin, a new adipokine with important autocrine and endocrine functions. It is produced not only by muscle tissue, but also by lymphoid organs, adipose and nervous tissue. It has been proven that this myokine can play a role in the pathogenesis of metabolic and oncological diseases, inflammation, aging and neurogenesis. The content of irisin in the blood is regulated not only by physical activity, but also by diet, changes in bod

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MAGRAS, IN, and Th C. Tsiligianni. "Congenital malformations and environment." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 54, no. 2 (2018): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15254.

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The aim of the present bibliographical review was to approach the most considerable causes, in relation to the unbridled pollution of innumerable areas of our planet. Congenital malformations are created during the prenatal development and could possible cause embryonic death. They become visible after an abortion or after the birth and they could be mild or extensive malformations. Monsters always stimulate the people’s interest and they were source of superstitions and topic of scientific research as well. In the international bibliography, there are plenty of such cases, and some of them ar

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MAGRAS (Ι.Ν. ΜΑΓΡΑΣ), I. N., and Th C. TSILIGIANNI (Θ. ΤΣΙΛΙΓΙΑΝΝΗ). "Congenital malformations and environment." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 54, no. 2 (2018): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15845.

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The aim of the present bibliographical review was to approach the most considerable causes, in relation to the unbridled pollution of innumerable areas of our planet. Congenital malformations are created during the prenatal development and could possible cause embryonic death. They become visible after an abortion or after the birth and they could be mild or extensive malformations. Monsters always stimulate the peoplew interest and they were source of superstitions and topic of scientific research as well. In the international bibliography, there are plenty of such cases, and some of them are

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Akbar, Anum, and Ume Salmah Ahmad. "IGF-1 Therapy in Children with Liver Dysfunction." Journal of Medical Research and Innovation 1, no. 1 (2017): 12–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.322345.

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<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> Human growth and development occur as a result of numerous processes which gets initiated under the influence of endocrine hormones. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) plays a most pivotal role in the growth and organ development of a child. IGF-1 is a peptide that belongs to somatomedins group of hormones, also known as somatomedin C. It releases from the liver and other tissues under the influence of growth hormone (GH). The liver is the main protagonist source of IGF-1 hence any disease that can cause liver dysfunction will eventually lead to growth impairment. D

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Eltewacy, Nael Kamel, Soha Nabil, Rahma Sweedy, Roy Rillera Marzo, and Nouran Hamza. "Knowledge, practice and attitude toward anabolic hormones and nutritional supplements among people practicing sports in the MENA region before and during COVID-19 lockdown." Frontiers in Public Health 10 (October 17, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1018757.

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IntroductionDuring the COVID-19 lockdown, people's lifestyles have changed including their habits and physical activities. There has been an increase in anabolic hormones and nutritional supplement use among people who regularly do exercise in the MENA region. This study aims to assess knowledge, practice, and attitude toward the use of anabolic hormones and nutritional supplements among people who regularly exercise in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and to compare their exercise habits and hormones and supplements usage between before and during COVID-19 lockdown.MethodsA self

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Alkebbeh, Linda, Thurya Alaryan, Marie Claire Saad, and Samar Alzeer. "The prevalence of misusing over-the-counter and prescribed drugs in Syrian gymnasiums for performance-enhancing reasons: a cross-sectional study." Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences 12, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41935-022-00312-3.

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Abstract Background This study investigates the prevalence of misusing over-the-counter (OTC) and prescribed drugs in Syrian gymnasiums, in addition to types, sources of knowledge, and patterns of use. A structured questionnaire was distributed to 381 members of sports groups on social media, between April 2020 and February 2021. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS software Version 26 for windows. Results A total of 133 participants (about 35%) stated they took OTC and prescribed drugs. Of those, 79 (11.8%) took proteins and amino acids, and 14 (3.7%) claimed they used 50 different products (men

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Almohammadi, Ameen Mosleh, Anas Mohammed Edriss, and Turki Talal Enani. "Anabolic–androgenic steroids and dietary supplements among resistance trained individuals in western cities of Saudi Arabia." BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 13, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13102-021-00345-6.

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Abstract Background Anabolic–androgenic steroids (AAS) contain testosterone-like androgens and are used as supplements to improve performance, therapeutic measures, appearance, and muscular development. Purpose This study aimed to estimate using anabolic–androgenic steroids (AAS) and good and bad practices about dietary supplements among resistance-trained individuals. It further seeked to determine the use of common drugs and supplements containing anabolic steroids among resistance-trained individuals (who work out at the sports centre) and assess users' knowledge about its side effects. Met

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Hung, Shao-Hsin, Hung-Lin Kan, Chun-Wei Tung, et al. "Probing the hair detectability of prohibited substances in sports: an in vivo-in silico-clinical approach and analytical implications compared with plasma, urine, and faeces." Archives of Toxicology, January 15, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00204-023-03667-1.

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AbstractHair analysis is a crucial method in forensic toxicology with potential applications in revealing doping histories in sports. Despite its widespread use, knowledge about detectable substances in hair is limited. This study systematically assessed the detectability of prohibited substances in sports using a multifaceted approach. Initially, an animal model received a subset of 17 model drugs to compare dose dependencies and detection windows across different matrices. Subsequently, hair incorporation data from the animal experiment were extrapolated to all substances on the World Anti-D

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Ponamarczuk, Halszka, Maria Światkowska, and Marcin Popielarski. "Androgenic Anabolic Steroids Cause Thiol Imbalance in the Vascular Endothelial Cells." Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark 30, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.31083/fbl26542.

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Background: Androgenic anabolic steroids (AASs) are synthetic drugs structurally related to testosterone, with the ability to bind to androgen receptors. Their uncontrolled use by professional and recreational sportspeople is a widespread problem. AAS abuse is correlated with severe damage to the cardiovascular system, including changes in homeostasis and coagulation disorders. AASs alter vascular function by blocking nitric oxide (NO)-mediated dilation, impairing endothelial growth and by potentiating vasoconstrictor signals. Methods: This paper demonstrated that long-term use of AASs (nandro

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Hulathduwa, S. R. "Use of Performance Enhancing Agents (PEAs) (Including Anabolic Androgenic Steroids-AASs) among the Male Body Building Community in the Western Province of Sri Lanka a Preliminary Study." Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, June 18, 2021, 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2021/v33i1430968.

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Performance enhancing agents (PEAs) are substances used to improve any form of activity performed by humans. These are widely used by athletes and body builders. Being a frequent subject of controversy in the sporting world, the use of performance-enhancing drugs has shown a disturbing growth over the past fifty years. The use of drugs to enhance human performance in sports has occurred at least since the time of the original Olympic Games (from 776 to 393 BC). In 1860s, a group of swimmers in Amsterdam were charged for taking drugs to speed up their races. For the next 80 years, athletes who

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Grant, Bonnie, John Campbell, Anjali Pradeep, et al. "OR25-03 Self-administration Of Post-cycle Therapy Is Associated With Increased Probability Of Subsequent Normalisation Of Reproductive Hormones Following Anabolic-androgenic Steroid Cessation In Men." Journal of the Endocrine Society 7, Supplement_1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvad114.1702.

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Abstract Disclosure: B. Grant: None. J. Campbell: None. A. Pradeep: None. A.D. Burns: None. P. Bassett: None. P. Saket: None. S. Minhas: None. W.S. Dhillo: None. J. McVeigh: None. S. Bhasin: None. C.N. Jayasena: Grant Recipient; Self; Logixx Pharma Ltd. Context: Millions of men worldwide illicitly use anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) for muscle growth. However, AAS can cause death, cardiomyopathy, stroke, and psychosis. AAS use suppresses endogenous testosterone secretion for several months following cessation. Therefore, AAS cessation causes tiredness, low mood, insomnia, absent sexual func

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Kvillemo, Pia, Anna K. Strandberg, Tobias H. Elgán, and Johanna Gripenberg. "Facilitators and barriers in preventing doping among recreational athletes: A qualitative interview study among police officers." Frontiers in Public Health 10 (October 5, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1017801.

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BackgroundDoping is a societal problem associated with health problems, violence, and other crimes, especially when combined with alcohol and drugs. Elite, as well as recreational athletes who exercise in gyms may use doping to enhance their performance and/or improve their appearance. According to Swedish law, manufacturing, selling, supplying, possessing, and using anabolic androgenic steroids and growth hormones is forbidden. Exceptions apply if these substances are used for medical purposes and prescribed by doctors. As doping is illegal, the police authority is vital in counteracting dopi

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Abjamilova, Jazgul, Shravani Zade, Khushi Bhandari, Rajat Lande, and Tanay Kamble. "Rheumatoid Arthritis and Thyroid Disease: Implications of Steroid and Biologic Treatments." May 15, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15425754.

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Rheumatoid Arthritis and Thyroid Disease: Implications of Steroid and Biologic Treatments   Author Shravani Zade Khushi Bhandari Rajat Lande Tanay Kamble   Author – Jazgul Abjamilova Deptt. Of Pediatrics (Osh State University) ORCID - https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8028-3343   Abstract Living with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is difficult enough, but add thyroid disease to the mix, and treatment and daily management become much more complicated. Both conditions are the result of a malfunctioning immune system, but how they interact—particularly with steroids and biologic m

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