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1
Rajbhandari, Isha. "The Impacts of Oil and Gas Developments on Local Economies in the United States." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500413045323116.
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Wachtmeister, Henrik. "World oil supply and unconventional resources : Bottom-up perspectives on tight oil production." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Naturresurser och hållbar utveckling, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-350864.
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Oil is the world’s largest primary energy source. It dominates the transportation sector which underpins the world economy. Yet, oil is a nonrenewable resource, destined not to last forever. In the mid-2000s global conventional oil production stagnated, leading to rising oil prices and fears of permanent oil scarcity. These fears, together with the high prices, receded with the unforeseen emergence of a new supply source: tight oil. This licentiate thesis investigates unconventional tight oil production and its impacts on world oil supply in terms of resource availability and oil market dynamics, and in turn briefly discusses some possible wider economic, political and environmental implications of these impacts. The thesis is based on three papers. The first investigates the usefulness of bottom-up modelling by a retrospective study of past oil projections. The second looks at how unconventional tight oil production can be modelled on the well level using decline curve analysis. The third derives typical production parameters for conventional offshore oil fields, a growing segment of conventional production and a useful comparison to tight oil. The results show that tight oil production has increased resource availability significantly, as well as introduced a fast responding marginal supply source operating on market principles rather than political ones. The emergence of tight oil production has altered OPEC’s strategic options and led to a period of lower and less volatile oil prices. However, this condition of world oil supply can only last as long as the unconventional resource base allows, and, at the same time, total fossil fuel consumption will have to fall to limit climate change. It is concluded that this breathing space with lower oil prices could be used as an opportunity to develop and implement policy for an efficient managed decline of global oil use in order to achieve the dual goals of increased human economic welfare and limited climate change, and in the process preempt any future oil supply shortage. Unconventional tight oil production can both help and hinder in this endeavor. Accurate models and analyses of oil production dynamics and impacts are therefore crucial when maneuvering towards this preferred future.
3
Lei, Guowen. "Producing Gas-Oil Ratio Performance of Conventional and Unconventional Reservoirs." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for petroleumsteknologi og anvendt geofysikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-19514.
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This study presents a detailed analysis of producing gas-oil ratio performance characteristics from conventional reservoir to unconventional reservoir. Numerical simulations of various reservoir fluid systems are included for comparison. In a wide sense of the word, the term of unconventional reservoir is including tight gas sand, coal bed methane, gas hydrate deposits, heavy oil gas shale and etc. In this study we specify the unconventional reservoir to only mean the low and ultra low permeability reservoir, which is including tight or shale reservoir. As an emerging research topic in the E&P industry, shale reservoir’s long-term well performance characteristics are generally not well understood (Anderson et al. 2010). Research methods and techniques for conventional reservoir are usually directly used in this unconventional reservoir analysis. These methods, however, have proven to be too pessimistic (Anderson et al., 2010). Fit-for-purpose approaches or solutions should be introduced in this new topic. Recently, hydraulic fracturing treatment is commonly used in the low matrix permeability reservoir to attain an economic production rate. The difference of well production performance between conventional reservoir and unconventional reservoir is not well known. In this study, we are trying to give a quantitative analysis in order to answer this question.In this study, a “generic” reservoir from field data with constant reserves and size were assumed. This reservoir model is homogeneous and of constant porosity, permeability and initial water saturation. In order to compare the production performance, fluid systems are varied from volatile oil to near critical oil, to gas condensate and to wet gas. The permeability of the reservoir model is also designed from high (conventional reservoir) to ultra low (unconventional), which ranges from 101 to 10-5 mD. Influence from fracture is especially considered because fractures in the low permeability reservoir provide a high conductivity that connects the reservoir matrix to the horizontal well. Fractures in the model are designed with identical geometrical characteristics (length, thickness) and of inner homogeneous properties (porosity, permeability).A black-oil model is used for each reservoir, and its PVT properties are generated with a 31 components EOS model using Whitson-Torp procedure (Whitson et al., 1983). Reservoir fluid systems equilibrium calculation in the black-oil model is done using the initial gas-oil ratio. We have compared the well’s production performance for each fluid system.Based on the industry experience, two standards are used in reservoir simulation control: gas production rate and cumulative revenue. The gas production rate with 10 ×106 ft3/day in the first 10 days or the cumulative revenue equal to 5 ×105 USD from the first 10 days is set as the standard for the commercial well rate. All of these simulations are run under the control of these two types which have just been mentioned. A case of liquid rich gas reservoir is analyzed systematically, to compare its production performance when reservoir permeability is changed from high to low. We are interested in how much oil or gas condensate can be extracted from the “reservoir” if same initial fluids in the reservoir but of a different permeability. This study is useful and practical, particularly for the industry in the era of “high” oil price and “low” gas price in North America.The simulation results show that we can extract more liquid from the reservoir if the matrix permeability is higher, particularly for the reservoir with initially large oil contents (volatile oil reservoir, near critical reservoir and gas condensate reservoir). Fracturing treatment in unconventional reservoir is required to attain an economic production rate. We also realize that for the required number of fractures and reservoir’s matrix permeability, there exists linear correlation in log-log plot in the low-permeability reservoir. In this study, the unique optimization software Pipe-It and reservoir simulator SENSOR are used. Optimal simulation results of permeability combination are obtained by the module Optimizer in Pipe-It.
4
Salazar, Vanegas Jesus. "Development of an improved methodology to assess potential unconventional gas resources in North America." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5894.
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Since the 1970s, various private and governmental agencies have conducted studies to
assess potential unconventional gas resources, particularly those resources contained in
tight sands, fractured shales, and coal beds. The US Geological Survey (USGS) has
assessed the amount of unconventional gas resources in North America, and its estimates
are used by other government agencies as the basis for their resource estimates. While
the USGS employs a probabilistic methodology, it is apparent from the resulting narrow
ranges that the methodology underestimates the uncertainty of these undiscovered,
untested, potential resources, which in turn limits the reliability and usefulness of the
assessments.
The objective of this research is to develop an improved methodology to assess potential
unconventional gas resources that better accounts for the uncertainty in these resources.
This study investigates the causes of the narrow ranges generated by the USGS analyticprobabilistic
methodology used to prepare the 1995 national oil and gas assessment and
the 2000 NOGA series, and presents an improved methodology to assess potential
unconventional gas resources. The new model improves upon the USGS method by
using a stochastic approach, which includes correlation between the input variables and
Monte Carlo simulation, representing a more versatile and robust methodology than the
USGS analytic-probabilistic methodology. The improved methodology is applied to the assessment of potential unconventional gas
resources in the Uinta-Piceance province of Utah and Colorado, and compared to results
of the evaluation performed by the USGS in 2002. Comparison of the results validates
the means and standard deviations produced by the USGS methodology, but shows that
the probability distributions generated are rather different and, that the USGS
distributions are not skewed to right, as expected for a natural resource. This study
indicates that the unrealistic shape and width of the resulting USGS probability
distributions are not caused by the analytic equations or lack of correlation between
input parameters, but rather the use of narrow triangular probability distributions as input
variables.
Adoption of the improved methodology, along with a careful examination and revision
of input probability distributions, will allow a more realistic assessment of the
uncertainty surrounding potential unconventional gas resources.
5
Pougy, Roberto. "Unconventional oil and natural gas supplies and the mitigation of climate change." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0075.
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Cette thèse en économie de l'énergie et de l'environnement étend le modèle de Hotelling du type exploration-extraction avec contraintes géologiques d’Okullo, Reynes et Hofkes (2015), afin de prendre en compte des trajectoires en forme de cloche pour l’ajout de réserves empiriquement observées par Laherrère (2003). Le modèle LOGIMA proposé (Images à Long terme sur le Pétrole et le Gaz) explique qu’elles sont la conséquence de « sweet spots » géologiques : des zones privilégiées où la concentration d’hydrocarbures est la plus élevée. Le modèle LOGIMA a été calibré sur une base de données issues couvrant les sept principaux bassins de pétrole et de gaz non-conventionnels du pays. Les résultats indiquent que la nécessité d’apprentissage par la pratique pour découvrir l’emplacement des sweet spots conduit à une mise en œuvre d’un effort d’exploration également en forme de cloche, ce qui permet de réduire le risque des activités d’exploration. Par conséquent, la réponse en termes des volumes offerts par les producteurs à des chocs sur les prix dévient fonction de l’ensemble des ressources mondiales antérieurement découvertes. Ensuite, nous appliquons le modèle LOGIMA pour étudier l’impact causé par l’offre de pétrole et de gaz naturel « non-conventionnels » aux États-Unis, sur les efforts mondiaux d’atténuation du changement climatique. Nous y parvenons en associant les scénarios à long-terme générés par LOGIMA avec le modèle d’évaluation intégrée, IMACLIM-R. Cette étude analyse comment des différentes cibles de prix de pétrole affecteraient son offre aux États-Unis. Nous estimons cette interaction au moyen de trois cadres de politiques en matière de climat : le cadre « business as usual » (BAU), les contributions décidées à l’échelle nationale (NDC) et les scénarios de 2°C (2DS). Les résultats de l’exercice indiquent que les approvisionnements non-conventionnels sont fortement susceptibles d’affecter les marchés énergétiques mondiaux, mais leur impact sur les émissions mondiales de gaz à effet de serre serait limité, car les différents effets déclenchés dans des différents secteurs viendraient les équilibrer approximativement<br>This thesis in energy and environmental economics extends the geological Hotelling-type extraction-exploration model from Okullo, Reynes and Hofkes (2015) in order to account for the bell-shaped reserve additions that were empirically observed by Laherrère (2003). The proposed model explains them as the result of geological “sweet spots”: premium areas within geological formations where the concentration of hydrocarbons is highest. The proposed theoretical formulation was programmed into the mathematical model LOGIMA – “Long-term Oil and Gas Images” – and calibrated on data covering the seven main unconventional oil and gas plays in the United States. Results indicate the need to learn the location of sweet spots through trial and error drillings leads to schedules of exploratory effort that allow the optimal “de-risking” of exploratory activities. As a result, the optimal response of producers to price shocks becomes contingent on the prevailing level of cumulative discoveries.We apply LOGIMA to investigate the impact, caused by the recent advent of large-scale supplies of unconventional oil and gas, in the United States, on the ongoing efforts to mitigate climate change. We do so by soft coupling long-term scenarios from LOGIMA with the integrated assessment model, IMACLIM-R, a recursive, computable general equilibrium model of integrated global energy, economy and environment systems. We analyze how different price targets, potentially pursued by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), would affect supplies of unconventional oil and gas from the United States. We control this interplay under three climate policy frameworks: business as usual (BAU), nationally determined contributions (NDCs) and 2°C scenario (2DS). The results of the exercise show that, despite having a significant potential to affect global energy markets, unconventional oil and gas supplies would have a limited potential to affect global cumulative greenhouse gas emissions to 2040, as the different effects triggered in different sectors approximately balanced each other out
6
Černý, Martin. "Unconventional Means of Oil and Gas Production and Their Influence on International Trade." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193153.
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The growing world population accompanied by an increase in GDP is effectively raising the demand for energy. One of the options are unconventional means of oil and gas, originating mainly from shales and oil sands. The goal of this thesis is to introduce the reader to unconventional means and their influence on international business. After a short introduction and definition an analysis of the situation in the U.S. follows, where the recent years have brought an increase in production from unconventional sources. The positive influence on the economy, employment and energetic security will be mentioned same as possible impacts on the environment. Furthermore the paper provides an analysis of the potential of repeating the U.S. shale revolution in other countries, with special focus on the EU. The success of unconventional sources opens the possibility of new trade routes, influence on the trade balance and the potential of influencing the whole gas market. However, it will also have an impact on current oil and gas producers. Considering the close bond between energetic security and politics, the thesis closes with an analysis of influences on the economy and politics of both -- current oil and gas producers and countries, which might be directly and indirectly affected by changes in the oil and gas market.
7
Potterf, Jebadiha E. "Framing Fracking: Media Coverage of Unconventional Oil and Gas Development in South Texas." DigitalCommons@USU, 2014. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4263.
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There is an oil boom occurring in the United States reminiscent of the production booms of the early 20th century. As the use of unconventional gas and oil extraction practices explode across the US, understanding how the affected public perceives this development is vital. As a major influence on public opinion, understanding the way this development is being framed by interest groups and the news media is an important step in understanding public perceptions. This study utilizes framing theory as a method for investigating how online and print media coverage of this development utilizes the frames promoted by actors on either side of this issue. Content analysis is used to examine national level industry and opposition websites to inductively uncover the thematic frames used by these actors in the public debate surrounding unconventional development. These frames are subsequently used to analyze newspaper articles published in metropolitan cities of Eagle Ford Shale region to discover how these or other frames are utilized in their coverage of the unconventional development occurring in the Eagle Ford Shale. I found that the pro-development frames used by proponent interest groups matched very closely with the pro-development frames used in the news media. Conversely, the way opposition frames are used by the opponent interest groups and in the news media display much more variance. These findings have implications for several theories seeking to explain the influence of interest groups on news coverage. And are important for fully understanding how the perceptions of residents regarding oil and gas activity are formed. While this research did not take the step to compare the news media frames used to the individual frames residents use to understand this activity, it does address a lacuna in the research on unconventional development by examining the way interest groups and the media frame their communications pertaining to the issue.
8
Thiel, Gregory P. "Desalination systems for the treatment of hypersaline produced water from unconventional oil and gas processes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107078.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015.<br>Numbering for pages 3-4 duplicated. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 183-195).<br>conventional reserves has led to a boom in the use of hydraulic fracturing to recover oil and gas in North America. Among the most significant challenges associated with hydraulic fracturing is water resource management, as large quantities of water are both consumed and produced by the process. The management of produced water, the stream of water associated with a producing well, is particularly challenging as it can be hypersaline, with salinities as high as nine times seawater. Typical disposal strategies for produced water, such as deep well injection, can be unfeasible in many unconventional resource settings as a result of regulatory, environmental, and/or economic barriers. Consequently, on-site treatment and reuse-a part of which is desalination-has emerged as a strategy in many unconventional formations. However, although desalination systems are well understood in oceanographic and brackish groundwater contexts, their performance and design at significantly higher salinities is less well explored. In this thesis, this gap is addressed from the perspective of two major themes: energy consumption and scale formation, as these can be two of the most significant costs associated with operating high-salinity produced water desalination systems. Samples of produced water were obtained from three major formations, the Marcellus in Pennsylvania, the Permian in Texas, and the Maritimes in Nova Scotia, and abstracted to design-case samples for each location. A thermodynamic framework for analyzing high salinity desalination systems was developed, and traditional and emerging desalination technologies were modeled to assess the energetic performance of treating these high-salinity waters. A novel thermodynamic parameter, known as the equipartition factor, was developed and applied to several high-salinity desalination systems to understand the limits of energy efficiency under reasonable economic constraints. For emerging systems, novel hybridizations were analyzed which show the potential for improved performance. A model for predicting scale formation was developed and used to benchmark current pre-treatment practices. An improved pretreatment process was proposed that has the potential to cut chemical costs, significantly. Ultimately, the results of the thesis show that traditional seawater desalination rules of thumb do not apply: minimum and actual energy requirements of hypersaline desalination systems exceed their seawater counterparts by an order of magnitude, evaporative desalination systems are more efficient at high salinities than lower salinities, the scale-defined operating envelope can differ from formation to formation, and optimized, targeted pretreatment strategies have the potential to greatly reduce the cost of treatment. It is hoped that the results of this thesis will better inform future high-salinity desalination system development as well as current industrial practice.<br>by Gregory P. Thiel.<br>Ph. D.
9
Kama, Kärg. "Unconventional futures : anticipation, materiality, and the market in oil shale development." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c08589c9-d82a-4c6e-926e-36202bf2060a.
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This thesis offers a political geography of unconventional energy development through a study of a particular fossil fuel resource called oil shale. Having long occupied a critical place in the politics and economy of certain states, most notably in Estonia, oil shale is now widely known as an ‘unconventional’ resource that is yet to become technically possible, commercially viable and socially acceptable to exploit. Following the movement through which oil shale becomes both unconventional and conventional, the thesis traces the resource through a series of geo-scientific, economic and political interventions. This study is based on analysis of technical literature and policy documents along with ethnographic fieldwork, interviews, and site visits conducted in Estonia, Colorado, Utah, Jordan, London and Brussels. Drawing together relational accounts of natural resources in political ecology and economic geography with insights from Science and Technology Studies, this project both contributes to critical research on the carbon economy and to recent debates on the concepts of materiality, anticipation, and marketization in social sciences. The thesis proposes a relational conceptualization of resource materiality, situating oil shale in multiple and conflicting forms which derive from geographically disparate practices in both resource assessment and technological development. The future of oil shale exploitation is not pre-determined by the process of global resource decline, nor is it precluded by international demands to move towards lower-carbon futures. Rather, it is determined through the conjunction of different future-oriented economic and political calculations that are entangled with resource materials and associated technological systems. Developing a non-essentialist account of markets as socio-technically distributed arrangements, the thesis argues that these rival calculations influence the design of market rules for both energy and emissions trading. The thesis concludes that what counts as ‘unconventional’ is not given, but continues to be both created and contested at the same time as it is ‘conventionalized’.
10
McAuliff, Kelsey Lane. "Water use metrics for the determination of environmental impacts : regional assessment of upstream unconventional oil and gas." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/60758.
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Technology and innovation have increased the economic viability of horizontal drilling and multi-stage hydraulic fracturing, leading to the rapid increase in unconventional resource development in North America over the past fifty years. The quick development of the unconventional industry has been met with debate and criticism regarding industry methods/standards, volumes of water used, and impacts on the environment. In parallel, the field of water use metrics has also experienced a surge in popularity, most notably with the application of the water footprinting concept to evaluate the water use of businesses and countries alike. However, water use metrics evaluating water use impact have not been applied in the context of evaluating water use in unconventional oil and gas (UOG), which have instead focused on completing water use inventories. In this thesis, water use practices during UOG have been critically reviewed and analyzed to identify water sources and volume patterns. The review of water use practices in UOG is then used to develop criteria for evaluating common water use metrics to determine their applicability for inventorying and assessing the impacts of water use in UOG. A decision tree has been proposed and developed to facilitate the selection of water use inventory and impact metrics. Finally, a case study implements the selected Water Stress Index (WSI) framework to complete a regional water use inventory and midpoint impact assessment within the Montney unconventional play trend in British Columbia, Canada. Uncertainty analysis is performed under present and future scenarios to evaluate inherent parameter, model, and scenario uncertainties. While water use metrics do not replace site-specific assessment, they are important components of effective water management and can inform decision making, data collection and prioritization, and existing and future regional water stress conditions.<br>Other UBC<br>Graduate
11
LUCENA, BRUNO RAFAEL DIAS DE. "ASSESSING UNDISCOVERED OIL AND GAS RESOURCES: METHODOLOGY AND ELICITATION OF SUBJECTIVE INFORMATION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=9219@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>A avaliação de recursos petrolíferos não descobertos, isto
é feita a partir de
informações obtidas de testes indiretos como a
sismografia, é a base para as
decisões sobre a perfuração de poços de exploração. As
informações disponíveis
nessa fase que antecede a perfuração de poços são vagas e
plenas de incertezas.
Por outro lado, a avaliação econômica cuidadosa dos
prospectos nessa fase é
fundamental para as decisões relativas às fases seguintes,
principalmente, devido
ao elevado custo da perfuração de poços que nelas ocorrem.
Por isso, a aplicação
de métodos estatísticos que reduzam as incertezas na
avaliação de recursos não
descobertos é de grande importância para a rentabilidade
das empresas de
petróleo. O cálculo do volume recuperável de
hidrocarbonetos (base para a
avaliação econômica) depende avaliações feitas por
especialistas e para considerar
as incertezas inerentes aos dados as avaliações devem ser
representadas
probabilisticamente. O objetivo desta dissertação é rever
as metodologias e
técnicas formais para avaliação probabilística de recursos
não descobertos
encontradas na literatura, tendo sempre em mente os
aspectos práticos de
implementação. A descrição destas metodologias inclui a
estrutura e a
organização necessárias para gerenciar o trabalho dos
especialistas, a eliciação de
distribuições de probabilidades subjetivas e a combinação
destas distribuições,
além de técnicas para verificação de consistência das
avaliações e redução de
vieses. São feitas considerações sobre as principais
distribuições de probabilidade
usadas para representar incertezas inerentes à avaliação
de fatores geológicos.
Cada uma das metodologias e técnicas é exemplificada e
discutida. Uma planilha
eletrônica foi constituída com objeto de ilustrar os
métodos apresentados e servir
como protótipo de instrumento de apoio a avaliação
probabilística de fatores
geológicos.<br>The evaluation of not discovered oil and gas resources,
that uses solely
information obtained from indirect tests such as
seismography, is the base for the
decisions on the drilling exploration wells. The
information available in this phase
that precedes the drilling of wells is vague and very
uncertain. On the other hand,
the careful economic evaluation of the prospects in this
phase is very important
for the decisions concerning the following phases, mainly
on because of the high
cost of the drilling of wells that occur. Therefore, the
application of statistical
methods for reducing the uncertainties and biases in the
evaluation of
undiscovered resources is quite important for the oil
companies. The calculation
of the recoverable volume of hydro-carbons (the basis for
economic evaluation)
depends on assessments made by experts, and for
representing the uncertainties;
the data must be probabilistically distributed. The
objective of this thesis is to
review the formal methodologies and techniques for
probabilistic evaluation of
undiscovered resources founded in literature, having
always in mind the practical
aspects of implementation. The description of these
methodologies range from the
definition of the structure and organization necessary to
manage the work of the
experts, the elicitation of distributions of subjective
probabilities and the
combination of these distributions, until techniques for
verification of evaluations
consistency and reduction of biases. Some considerations
are made about the
main distributions of probability used for representing
the uncertainties in
evaluations of geologic factors. Each methodology and
technique is illustrated and
discussed. An electronic spread sheet was developed to
illustrate the presented
methods and as a prototype of computer aid for the
probabilistic evaluation of
geologic factors.
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Yiallourides, Constantinos. "Joint development of oil and gas resources : the way forward in disputed waters." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=231747.
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The settlement of the maritime boundary disputes between China and Japan in the East China Sea, and between Greece and Turkey in the Aegean Sea, is politically deadlocked. While diplomatic settlement efforts have been ongoing for the past several decades, neither side in each case appears prepared to back down from its respective maritime claims. Bilateral consultations and negotiations have been unable to prevent occasional flare-ups and, as tensions remain significantly high, it may not be long before one of the not infrequent confrontations spirals out of control. The existing status quo in each case is unstable and does not favour either side, both from the perceptive of contaminating bilateral relations as a whole, but also to the extent that it holds hostage the multiple benefits that could otherwise be generated from the exploitation of the seabed energy resources in the contested waters. Indeed, while important discoveries of commercial hydrocarbon accumulations have been made, and in fact, some of them are currently being developed in the peripheries of the East China Sea and the Aegean, the full mineral potential of the contested areas remain unproven and unrealised due to the ongoing maritime and territorial conflicts. That being the case, the debate surrounding these two conflicts has progressed to the point where there is an urgent need for a meaningful discussion on finding a practical way forward. It is the purpose of the present thesis to address this need, first, by undertaking a detailed analysis of these disputes on the basis of the legal rules and principles of international law and; second, by critically evaluating possible institutional designs of interstate cooperation on the exploitation of offshore oil and gas resources in disputed areas. This thesis considers that because of the near-impossibility of settling the maritime and territorial disputes in the East China Sea and the Aegean, at least in the short term, and the remote possibility of meaningfully utilising the resources in the given areas while these conflicts persist, provisional interstate cooperation in the form of joint development constitutes the best alternative course of action for disputing states to coordinate the exploration and exploitation of resources without having resorted previously to boundary delimitation settlement. On the basis of the above analysis, this thesis discusses the prospect of realising joint development regimes in the East China Sea and the Aegean and their appropriate institutional design in the light of the legal, historical, political, and geographical characteristics of the disputes in question. The overall aim of the present study is to discern useful guidelines that can be used to inform and support diplomatic discussions on bilateral cooperation over disputed seabed energy resources by addressing three key objectives: - Better understanding of the longstanding East China Sea and Aegean maritime boundary disputes under the rules of the public international law of the sea, as developed to date having regard to international jurisprudence and state practice. - Conceptualisation and better understanding of the legal characteristics and functional benefits of joint development regimes. - Critical evaluation of variations in the design of joint development regimes having regard to successful or unsuccessful precedents in the practice of states.
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Amenshiah, Ambrose K. "Capacity building of human resources in the oil and gas sector in Ghana: An exploration into the public-sector capacity building of human resources in the emerging oil and gas in Ghana." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17452.
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This empirical research explored the capacity building of human resources in the emerging oil and gas sector in Ghana. Ghana’s oil and gas were discovered in commercial quantities in 2007 by GNPC and its partners in Jubilee field in the Cape Three Point in the western region, which signified a turning point in the development effort of the state. Local skills shortage perceived as a significant challenge. Thus the government envisaged the need to build local skill capacity which attracted an initial grant of US$38 million from World Bank to facilitate the implementation of oil and gas capacity building project in 2010.
The study adopted a mixed method approach for primary data collection. Matched samples of employees (226) working in four public sector organisations in the oil and gas sector were surveyed using the simple random technique, while human resource/training and development directors (9) were purposively sampled and interviewed on the human resources capacity building to assess and corroborates the survey data.
The study findings confirmed shortcomings in local skills in the public organisations in the petroleum industry. Comparatively, the results suggested that the performance appraisal tools could be further improved. The study also found local skills mismatch. It revealed that inadequate funding and delays in the release of funds affected local skill capacity building in the public-sector organisations in the industry. Originality, this is one of the very few studies to explore the shortcomings of local skill capacity in the selected organisation including the strategies used in addressing the skill gap. Research implications, more matched-sample studies are necessary to understand further how private companies (IOC’s) contributing to local skill capacity building. Practically, the study is of significance to the policymakers to address the skill gap in the energy sector. The main contribution of the research is to conceptualise the concept of HRM in Ghana’s context. The thesis, therefore, is an essential contribution to our understanding of the skill gap in the oil and gas industry in Ghana and the role of HR in this field.
14
Cambi, Rui Cesar. "Shale Gas & Oil : a nova dinâmica energética mundial e as perspectivas para o Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2017.
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Orientador: Prof. Dr. Igor Fuser<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Energia, 2017.<br>A premente necessidade de energia é cada vez mais atual na sociedade contemporânea. O seu uso está correlacionado aos costumes, estágio de desenvolvimento e ao grau de industrialização do país. A busca por novos recursos energéticos é questão primordial para o bem-estar das pessoas e para a expansão econômica dos países. A descoberta de importantes recursos energéticos, denominados hidrocarbonetos não convencionais tais como: óleo pesado e ultrapesado, areias betuminosas, óleo encontrado em águas profundas e ultraprofundas como o pré-sal e o shale gas & oil que está disseminado de forma homogênea pelo mundo todo, vem chamando a atenção de vários países. Os EUA, um dos maiores importadores de petróleo e gás do mundo, são portadores de vastas reservas de shale gas & oil e possuem conhecimento geológico e tecnologia adequada. Isso tornou o país o precursor da exploração desse energético no mundo. A produção dos Estados Unidos vem crescendo significativamente, reduzindo sua dependência de petróleo e gás importado, provocando abundância no mercado global, o que resulta em queda de preço do petróleo e gás, alterando a geopolítica da energia mundial. O Brasil, no contexto mundial, possui reservas expressivas de não convencionais, sendo a 10ª maior reserva do mundo. É crescente a necessidade de energia pela sociedade brasileira e o país vem demonstrando interesse em explorar esses energéticos. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar as perspectivas mundiais de exploração desses hidrocarbonetos não convencionais à luz da experiência dos EUA, analisando o panorama brasileiro para futuras explorações. Este estudo mostrou como resultado que o Brasil terá dificuldades de replicar a exploração do shale gas & oil, como ocorreu nos EUA.<br>The pressing need for energy is increasingly present in contemporary society. Energy consumption is correlated with their customs, the stage of development and the degree of industrialization of the country. The search for new energy resources is a key issue for people's well-being and for the economic expansion of countries. The discovery of important energy resources, called unconventional hydrocarbons shale gas & oil, spread democratically around the world, has drawn the attention of several countries. The US, one of the largest importers of oil and gas in the world, carry vast reserves of shale gas & oil and has geological knowledge and appropriate technology. This made the country the precursor of the exploitation of this energy in the world. US production has been growing significantly, reducing its dependence on imported oil and gas, sparking global market abundance, resulting in falling oil and gas prices, shifting global energy geopolitics. Brazil in the world context has significant reserves, being the 10th largest reserve in the world. There is a growing need for energy by Brazilian society. The country has been showing interest in exploiting these energy sources. The objective of this dissertation is to analyze the global prospects for exploration of these unconventional hydrocarbons in the light of the US experience, to evaluate possible interferences in the geopolitics of energy at global level, ascertaining socioeconomic and environmental issues, knowledge to support future development studies on Brazilian soil.
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Dauda, Mohammed. "Diffusion of agile supply chains attributes : a study of the UK upstream oil and gas industry cluster." Thesis, University of Hull, 2008. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:1739.
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This study examines agile supply chain capabilities in oil and gas clusters, in the light of cluster and industrial district theory. The aim is to provide evidence of their potential impact on competitiveness and business performance within the UK upstream oil and gas cluster. Agility is the ability of organisations to operate and prosper in market conditions characterised by dynamism and constantly changing customer tastes. Clusters and industrial districts refer to the geographic concentration of firms in an industry that enables the firms to benefit from competition and cooperation as well as enhanced productivity within the cluster. A review of past theoretical and empirical studies on supply chain management, agility and clusters identifies four dimensions of agility: customer enrichment, cooperating to compete, mastering change and uncertainty, and leveraging the impact of people and information. The cluster theory points to the competitive advantage of being in geographic proximity to the members of a supply chain, including enhanced productivity, easy access to enriched and high quality factors of production, reduction of transaction and transportation costs as well as increased innovativeness. These all contribute to improving the competitive capability of a firm as well as having impact on the business performance of organisations. A survey of 880 firms in the UK upstream oil and gas cluster was conducted to determine the specific impact of cluster location attributes on the agility of supply chains. Six case studies involving the three tiers of the supply chain and supporting organisation were carried out. Structural equation modelling revealed strong impact of clusters on competitive objectives but weak impact on business performance. Results from the survey show that cluster agility has strong impact on both competitive objectives and business performance. The case study revealed that agility is a strategic tool adopted by the smaller organisations within the supply chain to mitigate the scale of large organisations. Equally, SMEs consider that being in UK oil and gas cluster enhances their responsiveness.
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Březinová, Markéta. "Nekonvenční zdroje ropy a jejich význam v ekonomice Kanady." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193367.
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The aim of this master thesis is to explore the significance of the growing oil sands production for the economy of the province of Alberta as well as the whole of Canada. Parts of this thesis will outline current global energetic situation with the emphasis on oil production and explain the importance of seeking new alternative sources which includes the renewable energy as well as the unconventional oil and gas. With the waning amount of easily accessible light oil reserves it is likely that the unconventional oil resources where the production is both energetically and financially challenging will become more and more important.
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Taufik, Giri A. "The Application of New Article 33, Section 4 of Indonesia's Constitution to Indonesia's Upstream Oil and Gas Legal Framework." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/397047.
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This thesis focusses its attention on the rivalry between state control and market control of natural resources in Indonesia. Most recently, this rivalry has been highlighted by the addition of section 4 to Article 33 of the 1945 Indonesian Constitution. Section 4 was added by way of constitutional amendment in 2002. The thesis addresses the impact and implications of this amendment on key sectors of the Indonesian economy, with particular emphasis on the Indonesian oil and gas legal framework. The analysis is situated in the context of inconsistent decisions delivered by Indonesia’s Constitutional Court (the Court) regarding the meaning of,and the requirements imposed by, Article 33. A 2003 decision by the Court, Number 022/PUUI/ 2003, shortly following the addition of section 4, held that the liberalised market principles introduced by the new section allowed for private interests to exploit Indonesian natural resources for profit under the Oil and Gas Law 2001, provided that exploitation was appropriately licenced, regulated and overseen by a governmental supervisory agency. The Oil and Gas Law 2001 had created such an agency for upstream oil and gas known as Badan Pelaksana Minyak dan Gas Bumi (BP Migas). Nine years later in 2012, the Court, without explicitly overruling its 2003 decision, re-established state control of natural resources. It held that the creation and operation of BP Migas was in violation of section 3 of Article 33 and abolished the agency.
The inconsistency of these decisions raises fundamental legal questions involving constitutional interpretation and the economic ordering of the state. I argue that the inconsistency of the decisions is due to the inconclusiveness of amended Article 33 and the juxtaposition of original section 3 (with state control of natural resources) and new section 4 (with allowance for the involvement of private initiative and market forces). The retention of section 3 allowed the pre-amendment interpretation of Article 33, with its emphasis on section 3, to resurface in the Court’s 2012 decision. This pre-amendment interpretation puts the state at centre stage in governing Indonesia’s key economic sectors under Article 33, marginalising private initiative. This thesis argues that the pre-amendment interpretation’s continued control improperly ignores the intendment of section 4 of Article 33.
The argument is divided into two major parts. The first part outlines the background of Article 33 under the Constitution and the nature of its amendment in 2002. I seek to provide the basis for a post-amendment interpretation that maintains a fidelity to Article 33 with its new section 4. I utilise a philosophical approach in this task which is a version of ‘originalism’ in constitutional interpretation discourse. I find that the post-amendment constitutional reading of the new Article 33 section 4 is best situated in Mohammad Hatta’s philosophical idea of social democracy. The post-amendment interpretation allows for the operation of a regulated market economy in the key economic sectors under Article 33, provided that this produces a ‘just’ outcome. This interpretation accords with the original intent of Article 33, established as part of the constitutional deliberations in 1945. This post-amendment interpretation has been overshadowed by the re-emergence of a pre-amendment interpretation that is based exclusively on statism reflected in section 3, which was based on Soepomo’s philosophic idea of ‘integralism’, a form of state socialism (sosialisme negara). Soepomo’s integralism took centre stage in defining Indonesia’s economic and political policy under Article 33. This preamendment interpretation of today must ignore entirely the changed meaning of Article 33 by the addition of section 4.
The second part of the argument of this thesis involves the application of originalist Hattaian ideas in a post-amendment interpretation of Article 33 in the context of Indonesia’s oil and gas resources. By way of case study, a post-amendment interpretation informed by Hatta’s social democratic principles is applied to the Oil and Gas Bill 2017 that is currently being debated – a Bill intended to replace the Oil and Gas Law 2001 when enacted. In addition, I employ a comparative law approach with the aim of demonstrating international best practice related to upstream oil and gas regulatory frameworks. This is intended to illuminate the application of the constitutional requirements under amended Article 33, which in some instances is still unclear and abstract.
I limit this argument to three essential upstream oil and gas regulatory frameworks: the institutional regulatory framework; the model contract framework; and the public participation framework. The institutional regulatory framework governs the role of three key essential institutions: the government agency responsible for the key economic sectors, the National Oil Company (NOC), a state-owned enterprise that is responsible for commercial activity in the upstream sector, and privately owned companies (POCs), either foreign oil companies (FOCs) or private national oil companies (PNOCs) operating in the upstream sector. The model contract regulatory framework defines the relationship between these three key institutions in the exploration and production of oil and gas. Finally, the public participation regulatory framework defines the public’s right to participate in decisions related to oil and gas exploration and production projects that will affect their social, economic, natural and cultural environment. The analysis indicates that a substantive number of the Oil and Gas Bill 2017 stipulations relating to the three essential regulatory frameworks were misaligned with the constitutional requirements, and that some customisation is needed to realign the Oil and Gas Bill 2017 with the constitutional requirements, based on the post-amendment interpretation of Article 33.
My thesis concludes that the requirements of post-amendment Article 33 lie in the aspiration to balance social justice and market forces in the economy, as indicated in the ‘just efficiency’ term, and how those principles apply to the oil and gas legal framework. This finding is important to fill the gap in the existing literatures by focusing more on the preamendment Article 33 sections (2) and (3), notably on the definition of state control. Focusing the discussion on section 4 of Article 33 brings new insight to the theoretical discourse as well as the practical policy-making discourse.
The wording of section 4 of Article 33 includes the phrase ‘just efficiency’. I argue that this wording doesn’t just capture the original intent of the constitutional amendment of 2002, but also captures the intent of Mohammad Hatta’s social democracy ideal laid out in the ‘original’ phrase of Article 33. I have extracted two key constitutional requirements of Article 33 from exploring thehistorical trajectory of the development of Article 33 and the precedent developed by the Constitutional Court. First, the operation of the market is permissible if it is proven to produce both a ‘just’ and an ‘efficient’ outcome. If these two criteria clashes and cannot be reconciled, then the ‘just’ requirement – as an embodiment of the greatest possible prosperity for the people – should prevail over the ‘efficient’ requirement. Second, the ‘just’ outcome in Article 33 can be achieved via two avenues: the role of government in controlling the price of goods and services in the key economic sectors; and the participation of the public in economic development – notably, the indigenous/local people in the vicinity of natural resources or economic development. A robust and stable application of Article 33 in the key economic sectors should therefore be based within the ‘just efficiency’ perspective.
Finally, the application of the requirements of Article 33 suggest that the current Oil and Gas Bill 2017 being debated in the Court does not fall within the requirements parameter. Instead, the Oil and Gas Bill 2017 makes the same mistakes as the previous law regime during the Suharto era, which potentially leads to further corruption and the continuation of an inefficient system in the oil and gas sector.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Griffith Law School<br>Arts, Education and Law<br>Full Text
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Inubiwon, Blessing Ejiro. "Developing Small and Medium Enterprises in the Nigerian Oil and Gas Sector." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3451.
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Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) participation in the Nigerian oil and gas industry has remained low despite their importance in income generation, employment, local capacity building, and poverty eradication. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the strategies SME owners use to improve profitability in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. The target population consisted of 5 business owners who had successfully managed SMEs in Warri, Delta State, Nigeria for more than 5 years. The resource-based view and Porter's 5 forces of competition served as the conceptual framework for the study. Data collection was through semistructured interviews and review of company documents to triangulate the data. Data analysis included transcription, coding, querying, interpreting and reporting the themes, and the use of member checking strengthened the trustworthiness of interpretations. Findings suggested themes of low-cost strategy, knowledge of the business environment, competent personnel, collaborative partnerships, integrity, and financial management. These findings may contribute to positive social change because SME business leaders could use low-cost strategies, hire competent personnel, collaborate with other partners, and demonstrate integrity in financial management. Doing so may improve profitability, generate employment, reduce poverty, and enhance standards of living.
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Reiche-De, Vigan Stéphanie. "Le droit et l'espace souterrain. Enjeux de propriété et de souveraineté en droit international et comparé." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3044.
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L’espace souterrain, qui s’étend depuis la surface des terres émergées et des fonds marins jusqu’au centre de la Terre, est délaissé par le droit international. Aucune règle de droit international positif ne vient réglementer l’utilisation que les Etats font de leur espace souterrain territorial, cette utilisation et le régime de la propriété souterraine faisant partie de leur domaine réservé. Si les normes internationales régissent l’utilisation de l’espace souterrain extra-territorial, celui des grands fonds marins et celui de l’Antarctique, elles n’appréhendent l’espace souterrain qu’en termes d’utilisation et de mise en valeur des ressources minérales. De ce régime juridique d’exploration et d’exploitation des ressources minérales dépend d’ailleurs le statut juridique de l’espace souterrain qui va de la pleine souveraineté de l’Etat côtier à l’exclusion de toute appropriation nationale ou individuelle. Devant la multiplication des utilisations souterraines et face aux dommages environnementaux et aux violations des droits de l’homme liés à certaines de ces utilisations, le droit international doit réinvestir l’espace souterrain et notamment le contenu et l’étendue des droits qui le concernent tant dans l’ordre interne qu’international afin d’en réglementer la mise en valeur et d’en assurer la protection<br>Until today, there has been little interest of international Law concerning the earth’s subsurface, as the space that extends from the surface of the soil or of the seabed to the center of the earth. On the one hand, there is no rule of international law that regulates the use Sovereign States have of their territorial subsurface. It is currently understood that subsburface activities and property law that regulates them, are within domestic jurisdiction only and do not come under international law scrutinity as they waive the exercice of an absolute independance of States. On the other hand, the existing rules of international law that regulates extraterritorial subsurface, notably the seabed and ocean floor and subsoil thereof beyond national jurisdiction and the Antarctic, consider the earth’s subsurface mostly in terms of use and exploitation of mineral resources. Faced with the evergrowing uses of the subsurface that are solely used for extraction or for injection and storing, and regarding the impacts of some underground activities on the environment and on human rights, International Law must play a role by regulating the content and extent of rights that are exercised over the earth’s subsurface inside and outside territorial jurisdiction for development and protection purposes
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Bojang, Buba. "The status and expanding role of joint development of common or transboundary oil and gas resources in international law." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=236935.
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The growth and expansion of Joint Development Agreements, which promote the joint development of common or transboundary petroleum deposits between countries with opposite or adjacent coastlines are an indication that the status of the obligation to jointly develop common or transboundary oil and gas resources as a rule of customary international law may no longer be doubtful. This research examines the origin and evolution of Joint Development (JD) to determine its status in international law, including the law of the sea. It also explores the concept of shared natural resources in international law, intending to determine whether common or transboundary oil and gas resources are a part of the family of shared natural resources. It argues that the rule applicable to other shared natural resources such as international rivers, transboundary fish stocks and transboundary groundwater may be extrapolated and applied to common or transboundary oil and gas resources. It gives a detailed, analytical account of the progressive development of the concept of JD and how the International Law Commission (ILC) failed to take this developing trend to the level of codification when it decided in 2009 to discontinue the topic of oil and gas in its programme of work. The research argues that JD of common or transboundary oil and gas resources should now be considered as a settled norm of customary international law.
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Aliyu, Balarabe. "Developing a human resources organisational model for the effective management of labour relations in the Nigerian oil and gas sector." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2038839/.
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Human Resources practises and delivery models have evolved rapidly in recent decades, influenced largely by globalisation, technology and the quest for a strategic HR role. There is a lot of debate in literature about the impact of HRM practises on organisational performance, and various HR organisational structures have emerged in trying to improve organisational effectiveness and empower managers to deploy human capital efficiently. In particular, Ulrich’s (1997) three-legged stool HR organisational model has been adapted in various forms by many organisations as they seek to improve the HR function. Despite this, there is limited research or evidence of how HR organisational structures influence the management of Labour Relations (LR) in general. The rationale for this study therefore was to evaluate how HR organisational structures drive LR Management, particularly in highly unionised workplaces. I evaluated the HR and LR practises of a leading Nigerian Oil Company, with specific focus on the Nigerian Oil Industry and the objective of developing a HR organisational model that will promote positive LR. The NOC having recently adapted the three-legged HR model focused on building an embedded HR team but experienced challenges in integrating effective LR management across the organisation. The study recommends a structure that promotes LR consultation with employees, Supervisors and Managers. Clarity of authority and responsibility of the LR function is crucial within this model, led by an experienced and empowered Manager. A structured Information and Consultation (I&C) process needs to be embedded within the LR structures. A broader base of LR management competencies will be beneficial in a highly unionised workplace. All Embedded HR Advisors as well Business line Managers require in-depth LR development to empower them handle frontline labour issues they frequently encounter. Furthermore, I recommend an integration of the country LR structure with the Regional and Global LR Networks/Centres of Expertise as well as other local associations or platforms to promote sharing of best practises. HR should explore opportunities to collaborate effectively with the union. As trust grows in the organisation, the union can become a key stakeholder to serve as an effective platform for employee engagement. An engaged workforce is a productive workforce, and the LR model developed in this study seeks to improve productivity by adapting the three-legged HR model to suit the unionised workplace.
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Prášek, Jakub. "Současné trendy v nekonvenční těžbě ropy a zemního plynu se zaměřením na USA." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-203937.
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The thesis deals with the current trends and development of the unconventional oil and natural gas production. The main aim is to evaluate and analyze the global development of unconventional production and the influence of its growth in the last decade on the global economy and the given markets. In addition, not only the pros, but also the risks and limitations of unconventional production, are examined, e.g. economic and environmental issues. The final part focuses on the United States and the local shale boom. Based on the analysis of American unconventional production, the future of these sources is predicted. At the end of the thesis the effects of shale boom on the U.S. economy are explored as well, focusing mainly on the U.S. trade balance.
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Ellis, Maryke Louise. "Potential impact of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Amendment Bill on investment in South Africa's upstream oil and gas industry." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15747.
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The Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Amendment Bill has drawn criticism from industry experts and the press. There are a number of amendments that could be damaging to future investment in South Africa's upstream oil and gas industry. This study examines the key changes brought about by the Bill, South Africa's fiscal terms, how the fiscal terms are impacted by the Bill and current activity in South Africa's upstream oil and gas sector. The report then focuses on the most significant change made by the Bill, which is the level of State Participation. A fit for purpose economic model was built and the resulting cash flows were used to calculate the economic indicators presented in the results. The results from the model indicate how the increase in State Participation levels affects the ranking of South Africa's fiscal terms and the profitability of hypothetical investment opportunities. When ranked on fiscal terms, the country moves from having some of the best terms in Africa without the new Bill, to a position where the fiscal terms can be described as average or even onerous, depending on the interpretation of the State Participation clause. Accordingly, the result of the hypothetical investment opportunity has very positive economic indicators without the changes from the new Bill. If the most optimistic interpretation of the State Participation clause is modelled, the opportunity is less attractive but still viable and if the most pessimistic interpretation is modelled, the opportunity would not warrant investment. Even though South Africa has limited reserves, significant exploration activity is taking place under the existing legal and fiscal framework. If the Bill is implemented in its current format, it is likely that the country will see a significant decline in investment in the upstream oil and gas industry. Attracting new investment by international oil and gas companies in an environment governed by the terms of the proposed Bill will be challenging.
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Perlman, Zachary S. "STRATIGRAPHIC, GEOCHEMICAL, AND GEOCHRONOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE WOLFCAMP-D INTERVAL, MIDLAND BASIN, TEXAS." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ees_etds/48.
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Subsurface data derived from ~388 ft of drill core from Martin County (TX) were used to understand the depositional setting of the Wolfcamp-D, a petroleum producing interval in the Midland Basin. Elemental geochemistry collected via x-ray fluorescence revealed a highly variable depositional history marked by the deposition of diverse siliciclastic and carbonate lithofacies. Integration of multiple datasets resulted in the interpretation of nine lithofacies, whose deposition appears cyclical. Correlations between molybdenum and total organic carbon indicate slow recharge of bottom waters and anoxic/euxinicconditions within the basin. The presence of phosphatic nodules coinciding with siliceous black mudrocks suggested high levels of primary productivity driven by upwelling. High-frequency sea level variability, driven by far-field glaciation and regional paleoclimate, were key controls on both the chemostratigraphy and lithofacies. Along-strike variability is seen throughout the basin due to paleobathymetry, proximity and connections to paleochannels, and localized structures. Rhenium-osmium (Re/Os) geochronology was conducted on siliceous mudrocks with high total organic carbon. A depositional age of 300 ± 18 Ma was obtained, partially confirming previous correlations to shelf biostratigraphic data. Scatter in the Re/Os data is likely due to mixing in the basin or non-hydrogenous Os incorporated into the analysis due to the method of preparation.
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Van, Oss Eric J. "Sustaining Rural Economies with Wind Development." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/56.
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This paper discusses the effects of wind development in rural areas. Areas of focus include: direct job creation, indirect job creation, tax revenue and government policies. The effects of state and federal renewable energy policies are discussed and well as the impacts to rural economies.
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Chanda, Sudipta. "PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTAL AND MODELING STUDY OF PRESSURE DEPENDENT PERMEABILITY FOR INDONESIAN COALBED METHANE RESERVOIRS." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1224.
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This dissertation presents contributions to the understanding of the dynamic nature of permeability of Indonesian coal. It is the first-of-its-kind study, first presenting a comparison of experimental results with those obtained using existing analytical permeability models, and then modifying the existing anisotropic model for application to the unique physical structure of Indonesian coal. The first problem addressed in this dissertation was establishing the pressure-dependentpermeability of coal in a laboratory environment replicating in situ conditions for two coal types from the Sanga Sanga basin of Kalimantan, Indonesia. The change in permeability with depletion and the corresponding volumetric strain of coal were measured in the laboratory under uniaxial strain condition (zero lateral strain). Two gases, helium and methane, were used as the flowing fluids during experimental work. The results showed that, decreasing pore pressure resulted in significant decrease in horizontal stress and increased permeability. The permeability increase at low reservoir pressure was significant, a positive finding for Indonesian coals. Using the measured volumetric changes with variations in pressure, the cleat compressibility for the two coal types was estimated. In a separate effort, volumetric strain as a result of desorption of gases was measured using sister samples under unconstrained condition, in absence of the stress effect. Sorptioninduced strain processes were modeled using the Langmuir-type model to acquire the two important shrinkage parameters. All parameters calculated using the experimental data were used for the modeling exercise. The second component of this dissertation is the permeability variation modeling to enable projecting long-term gas production in the Sanga Sanga basin. For this, two commonly used isotropic permeability models were selected. These models, developed primarily for the San Juan coal, were unable to match the measured permeability data. This was believed to be due to the inappropriate geometry used to represent Indonesian coal, where butt cleats are believed to be absent. This was followed by application of the most recent model, incorporating partial anisotropy in coal. This consideration improved the modeling results although there clearly was room for improvement. The final challenge addressed in this dissertation was to consider the coal geometry appropriate for Indonesian coal, stack of sheets as opposed to a bundle of matchsticks. In order to incorporate the structural anisotropy for the stack of sheets geometry, two input parameters were modified, based on geo-mechanical anisotropy. After applying these to the modified model, the permeability modeling results were compared with the experimental data. The matches improved significantly. Finally, the effect of maximum horizontal stress on permeability of coal was estimated by using high and low maximum horizontal stress values and constant vertical and minimum horizontal stresses. The effect of maximum horizontal stress on permeability was found to be significant under uniaxial strain condition for both coals.
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Munro, Hugh M. "The impact of national oil companies on the energy security of OECD countries." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2012. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=186098.
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National oil companies (NOCs) control over 80 percent of world oil reserves and over 50 percent of gas reserves and hold exclusive rights to exploration and development of oil and gas reserves within their home countries. Because of host government involvement and supervision, NOCs may also act as instruments of state, implementing government foreign and domestic policies such as wealth re-distribution through the provision of subsidised oil products, job creation, and economic development. Such activities can lead to restricted availability of funds for finding and developing reserves for future production and to inefficiencies in current production and distribution. This thesis assesses the geopolitical factors that influence the conduct, strategies and priorities of NOCs and how these may impact on the continuing security of energy supplies to countries which are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). It will focus on ten NOCs supplying oil to world markets and two which supply gas to the European market. The study will also review the activities and .scope for influence as state instruments of Sovereign Wealth Funds which have been established by states with NOCs, in particular, those which have earned substantial petro-dollar surpluses, during the period of high oil and gas prices of2006-2008. In an age of global interdependence between nations, specific objectives of this thesis are to consider the implications of anticipated growth in world demand for oil and gas supplies over the next 20 years, whether world production capacity is likely to grow to meet increases in world demand, the potential impact on world oil and gas supplies of the policies and practices of NOCs, in particular, the desire of host governments to require NOCs to follow non- commercial objectives, and the responses from OECD countries to threats to their energy security from potential restrictions on supplies.
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Shehu, Habiba. "Innovative hydrocarbons recovery and utilization technology using reactor-separation membranes for off-gases emission during crude oil shuttle tanker transportation and natural gas processing." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/3129.
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The increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere, as well as the high rate of depletion of hydrocarbon-based resources have become a global concern. A major source of emissions of hydrocarbon vapours occur during loading and offloading operations in crude oil shuttle tanker transportation. The emitted gases have a typical composition of 60 % N2, 10 % CO2, 5% O2, 5 % C3H8, 10% CH4, 5% C2H6 and 5 % higher hydrocarbons. As a result, various methods aimed to add value to GHG to produce valuable fuels and chemical feedstock are being developed. This work incorporates the use of silica, polyurethane/zeolite and y-type zeolite membrane on an alumina support to selectively permeate methane and carbon dioxide from inert gases and higher hydrocarbons. The recovered gas is upgraded by dry reforming reactions employing rhodium/alumina membrane incorporated into a shell and tube reactor. Mixed gas permeation tests have been carried out with the permeate and feed gases sent to the online gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with a mass spectrometry (MS) detector and an automated 6-port gas sampling valve with a 30 mm HP- Plot Q column. The question is what mesoporous membrane can be highly selective for the separation of methane and carbon dioxide from inert gases and higher hydrocarbons, and what is the effect of temperature and feed gas pressure on the conversion of separated gases? Characterisation of the modified membranes was carried out using nitrogen physisorption measurements and showed the hysteresis isotherms corresponding to type IV and V, which is indicative of a mesoporous membrane. The surface area and the pore size were determined using the Barrett, Joyner, Halenda (BJH) desorption method, which showed the silica membrane had a larger surface area (10.69 m2 g-1) compared to zeolite (0.11 m2 g-1) and polyurethane/zeolite membrane (0.31 m2 g-1). Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis confirmed the asymmetric deposition of silica, polyurethane, rhodium and zeolite crystals in the matrix of the alumina support. Single gas permeation tests showed that the synthesised y-type zeolite membrane at 293 K had a CH4/C3H8 selectivity of 3.11, which is higher than the theoretical value of 1.65. The permeating CH4 and C3H8 flux at 373 K and a pressure of 1 x 105 Pa was 0.31 and 0.11 mol s-1 m-2 respectively proving that zeolite has molecular sieving mechanism for separation of methane and propane. The silica membrane exhibited higher effectiveness for the separation of CO2 than the other membranes. For methane dry reforming using a supported rhodium membrane, an increase of the reaction temperature from 973 K to 1173 K showed an increase in conversion rate of CO2 and CH4 from less than 20% to over 90% while increasing the gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) did not have a noticeable effect. The study revealed the high potential of the zeolite and rhodium membrane for gas separation and dry reforming reactions concept in creating value-added carbon-based products from CO2 and CH4.
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Ghazwani, Assad Hadi Verfasser], Ralf [Akademischer Betreuer] [Littke, and Detlev [Akademischer Betreuer] Leythaeuser. "Assessment of palaeozoic unconventional shale oil and shale gas in Northwest Europe: Examples from Scotland and Western Germany based on geochemical data and numerical basin modeling / Assad Hadi Ghazwani ; Ralf Littke, Detlev Leythaeuser." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1162451386/34.
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Якубов, И. "Правовое регулирование экспорта нефтепродуктов Туркменистана". Thesis, Сумский государственный университет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/34016.
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Актуальность темы экспорта Туркменистаном нефти и газа определяется возрастающей ролью Туркменистана в международных отношениях на глобальном и особенно региональном уровне, а также в мировой экономике – как поставщика, прежде всего, газа для набирающего силу в экономическом отношении Китая, а в перспективе Индии и стран Евросоюза.
При цитировании документа, используйте ссылку http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/34016
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Nikolaou, John. "Developing a model for effective community development agreements in the extractive industries." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2142.
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Natural resource development has tremendous potential to create inclusive economic growth in countries well-endowed with oil, mineral, and agricultural resources. At the same time, natural resource development can cause negative environmental externalities, and, in several cases, extractives companies can engage in labor abuse.
The intersection of the government’s and the corporation’s interest can lie in Corporate Social Responsibility Projects.This thesis will analyze an alternative model of CSR: community development agreements (CDAs). CDAs are voluntary, or sometimes government mandated, agreements between the project developer and the project affected community that define company commitments to issues such as environmental impact mitigation, benefit sharing, and local employment, for example. The objective of this thesis is to review the theoretical underpinnings of CDA process, analyze the application of CDAs in several case studies, and develop a framework of best practices for CDAs based on those analyses.
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Strand, Ida. "What does the Increased Fossil Fuel Scarcity mean for the Arctic Region? A Quantitative and Qualitative Content Analysis of Canada, Denmark, Norway, the United States and Russia's Arctic Strategy." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21199.
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This bachelor thesis asks the question, what does the increased fossil fuel scarcity mean for the Arctic region? It further investigates the aim and motives by the five main Arctic states. With the use of structural realism, existing research on the parallels between resource scarcity and conflict and, the combination of two methodological approaches: quantitative and qualitative content analysis, I argue in this study that the five states will act in accordance with the structural realist way and exploit the Arctic due to the protection of their national interests and security. This thesis highlights that, firstly, there is a process of climate change enabling the accessibility to extracting fossil fuel. Secondly, there is an ongoing militarization of the region. With that being said, I argue that the race for fossil fuel will prevail and this will create a destabilizing Arctic region with environmental impacts and militarization that can lead to problematic disputes and even conflicts. Therefore, the Arctic is a vulnerable region with a questionable future due to its economic stakes and militarization.
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Blattler, Stephanie. "A regulação diante de incertezas científicas: um estudo sobre a possibilidade de exploração e produção de shale gas no Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/20591.
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Previous issue date: 2018-02-06<br>In Brazil, the debate regarding the exploration and production of shale gas became relevant with the 12th Bid Round promoted by the National Oil, Natural Gas and Biofuels Agency (ANP), which offered areas with great potential of such unconventional hydrocarbon. The country is listed as the tenth with greater shale gas potential in the world. However, due to the international controversy involving this energy source, mainly by virtue of its potential environmental impacts and damages, the matter was brought to the courts and is subject to legislative initiatives, so that the production of such hydrocarbon in Brazil has not started yet. Therefore, the present essay aims to clarify how the exploration and production of shale gas takes place and what would be its potential harmful effects to the environment, demonstrating that there are diverging scientific opinions over the most relevant of such effects. The description of the existing regulatory instruments in Brazil, such as ANP Resolution No. 21/2014, is also provided herein, as well as the description of the current legal proceedings and bills over the matter. Following, this essay also describes how the shale gas matter was solved in four states/countries, as to verify if there are any valuable lessons for Brazil. Based on the scientific uncertainty over the potential environmental damages and impacts, the precautionary rule is herein analyzed, aiming to understand how precaution may be applied to shale gas and to other cases under similar scientific uncertainty. Initially, the doctrine of absolute precaution is presented, followed by the main critics to precaution. Finally, the main conclusion is that the path of interpretation for the shale gas case and for other cases with similar scientific uncertainty is the use of the precautionary rule modulated by proportionality, so that its application does not reflect an immediate prohibition, but the management of uncertainties through regulation.<br>No Brasil, a discussão a respeito da exploração e produção de gás de folhelho, conhecido de forma equivocada como “gás de xisto”, ganhou expressividade com a 12ª Rodada de Licitações promovida pela Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis (ANP), que licitou áreas com grande potencial exploratório para esse hidrocarboneto não convencional. O país apresenta o décimo maior potencial de gás de folhelho do mundo, porém, em razão da polêmica internacional que envolve essa fonte energética, principalmente em função de seus potenciais impactos e danos ambientais, a questão permanece judicializada e objeto de iniciativas legislativas, de forma que a produção desse hidrocarboneto no Brasil ainda não foi iniciada. Nesse âmbito, o presente trabalho visa esclarecer como se dá a exploração e produção do gás de folhelho e quais seriam seus potenciais efeitos nocivos ao meio ambiente, demonstrando a divergência existente na comunidade científica sobre os mais relevantes desses potenciais efeitos. O trabalho também traz a descrição dos instrumentos regulatórios já existentes sobre o gás de folhelho no Brasil, como a Resolução ANP nº 21/2014, bem como dos processos judiciais e projetos de leis existentes sobre a questão. Em seguida, o presente trabalho também descreve como a questão do shale gas foi decidida em quatro estados/países, para verificar se podem ser extraídas lições para o Brasil. Com base na incerteza científica constatada sobre os potenciais danos e impactos ambientais, o postulado da precaução é aqui analisado, visando compreender como ele pode ser aplicado ao caso do gás de folhelho e a outros casos de incerteza científica análoga. Inicialmente, é apresentada a doutrina da precaução absoluta, para posteriormente introduzir as principais críticas ao postulado. Por fim, conclui-se que o caminho para a interpretação do caso do gás de folhelho e de outros casos em que recai incerteza científica análoga é a utilização do postulado da precaução modulado pela proporcionalidade, de modo que sua aplicação não reflita uma proibição imediata, mas sim o gerenciamento das incertezas envolvidas por meio da regulação.
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Stock, Alexander T. Verfasser], Ralf [Akademischer Betreuer] [Littke, and Brian [Akademischer Betreuer] Horsfield. "Unconventional oil and gas potential of the Toarcian Posidonia Shale Formation in the crossjunction of Lower Saxony Basin, Pompeckj Block and Gifhorn Trough, Northern Germany: Implications from Organic Petrography, Geochemistry and 3D Numerical Basin Modelling / Alexander T. Stock ; Ralf Littke, Brian Horsfield." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1161809066/34.
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Al-Marzouqi, Yehya. "Human Resources Development (HRD) for effective localisation of workforces. An empirical study for identifying the key success factors for the energy sector in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5419.
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The objective of the current study is to explore and identify the Critical Success Factors (CSFs), which impact upon the effective implementation of Human Resource Development (HRD) initiatives in support of nationalisation, and to recommend a model for practical application and future research. Accordingly the study focused on identifying and analysing the various factors in the localisation of a workforce with regard to five broad categories, namely: national level factors, organisational (policies and practices related) factors, organisational (HR related) factors, individual level (expatriate and experienced staff related) factors and individual level (UAE national related) factors. The data for the study was collected using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative methods were used to develop an in-depth case study of the Emiratisation process in an oil and gas organisation, as well as for identifying the critical success factors to be included in the survey questionnaire for collecting the quantitative data. The results of the study indicated that the critical success factors identified in the study are part of a complicated reality and need to be managed to ensure success of the localisation of a workforce. The mean scores obtained on the various factors differed significantly across the organisations or sub groups of respondents used in the study. This indicates that the impact of various factors that facilitate or constrain the localisation efforts are highly contextual and organisation specific. The findings of the study revealed valuable insights that could enrich not only future research in the area, but also the practical application of HR tools and methods to support the localisation process. The current study also developed a model for practical application and future research in the area. The model identified the role of HR strategies and tools as critical for managing the CSFs and ensuring the success of the process of localisation. The model developed in the current study also emphasises the need to define the 'success' of localisation in much broader terms, by addressing complex issues such as, employee morale and motivation, expectations of all employees, including expatriates and so forth, rather than just focusing on the number of UAE nationals employed and their competencies. The current study also identified some of the limitations of the study and highlighted suggestions for future research.
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Rubinstein, Flávio. "Receitas públicas de recursos naturais no direito financeiro brasileiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2133/tde-27082013-113220/.
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A presente tese de doutorado analisa, de forma crítica, como as receitas de recursos naturais devem ser arrecadadas, distribuídas aos entes federativos e aplicadas no Direito Financeiro Brasileiro. Para tanto, parte-se do exame dos contornos econômicos e políticos da exploração de recursos naturais, apresentando breve histórico sobre a cobrança de royalties no estrangeiro, da evolução da legislação brasileira sobre as compensações financeiras, discutindo então a natureza jurídica destas receitas públicas no direito pátrio. Com base nessas premissas, apresentam-se considerações gerais sobre a concentração geográfica de recursos naturais e o dilema da repartição de receitas provenientes da exploração destes recursos nas federações, procedendo-se então ao estudo do modelo de repartição federativa de receitas de compensações financeiras adotado pelo Brasil. Reconhecendo-se a constante evolução deste modelo e apontando-se suas virtudes e seus defeitos, desenvolve-se uma avaliação de proposições normativas de mudanças dos critérios atualmente adotados, especialmente no que diz respeito à equalização fiscal enquanto elemento de promoção de desenvolvimento subnacional e redução das desigualdades inter-regionais e intrarregionais, bem como de coesão política nacional. Finalmente, são discutidos os aspectos teóricos e práticos da aplicação das receitas oriundas da exploração de recursos naturais, bem como analisada a prática brasileira. Com fundamento nesta análise, as vinculações legais das receitas de recursos naturais e a constituição de fundos públicos financiados por estas receitas são avaliadas no contexto brasileiro. As conclusões preliminares desses pontos informam, então, o estudo sobre o papel relevante do controle de contas, da fiscalização e da transparência fiscal na promoção da eficiência e da justiça do gasto público no contexto das receitas de recursos naturais.<br>This doctoral thesis presents a critical analysis of the collection, intergovernmental distribution and expenditure of natural resource revenues under Brazilian Public Finance law. In order to provide a comprehensive discussion of such proposition, the thesis first examines the economic and political aspects of the natural resources industry, then presents a brief historical overview of natural resources royalties under both comparative and Brazilian law and continues with an analysis of the legal status of royalties in Brazil. Building on such premises, the thesis proceeds with general remarks on the geographical concentration of natural resources in federal countries and on decentralization arrangements for royalties, as well an on the Brazilian revenue sharing instruments. Acknowledging the continuous evolution of these instruments and evaluating their costs and benefits, a discussion on alternative revenue sharing arrangements is presented, especially regarding the promotion of equalizing goals and political cohesion among subnational units of governments in Brazil. Finally, the thesis discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of public expenditures of royalty revenues, presenting an analysis of the Brazilian praxis. Building on this analysis, an evaluation of revenue earmarking procedures and natural resources funds is presented. The preliminary conclusions therein enable a discussion of accountability, public auditing and fiscal transparency in the context of natural resources revenue expenditures.
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Hansen, Elizabeth R. "Reforestation, Renewal, and the Cost of Coal: Opposing a Manichean Worldview in Central Appalachia." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/132.
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Surface coal mining is a major form of land change and environmental degradation in Central Appalachia. Traditional mine reclamation iresults in unmanaged, unproductive grasslands that fail to mitigate many of the environmental costs of coal mining and are of minimal use to communities. Forestry reclamation is an alternative reclamation tactic that has the potential to address both environmental and socioeconomic concerns in Central Appalachia. A case study of Laurel Fork Mine in Eastern Kentucky is included.
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Gorman, Mary Kathleen. "Social Consequence, Stakeholder Influence, and Resource Needs for Marcellus Shale Communities." ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/103.
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The process of natural gas recovery by horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, known as fracking, is a major scientific advance in unconventional energy development. Attention has largely been focused on its economic advantages and potential negative environmental repercussions, while less consideration given to its social dimensions. The purpose of this study was to explore the social consequences of fracking for communities in the Appalachian Basin's Marcellus shale. Research questions focused on the role of stakeholders and the resource needs of localities in shaping public policy. This study was guided by the tenets of the Boomtown theory along with key issues in fracking research such as environmental impacts, water resources, public health and safety, economics, and ethical concerns. An embedded case study research design was employed, using a purposive sample of 8 economic and policy subject matter experts from the 3 most prolific drilling counties in Pennsylvania. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews and were analyzed using open and axial coding with cross-case comparison. Results suggested that positive economic social consequences of fracking involved sustainability in providing generational and employment stability. Negative consequences, such as traffic, damaged infrastructure, and housing shortages, were temporary and manageable. Logistical and demographic information were valuable resources for community leadership, and stakeholders favored autonomy in decision making. The implications for social change include informing policy makers how to prepare the local workforce to be adaptable, establish sufficient infrastructure to support change, and educate communities to leverage opportunity in advance of new industry.
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Thayer, Roland P. "A Policymaker's Guide to Feed-In Tariffs: Encouraging a Responsible Transition to Renewable Electricity in California." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/87.
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The feed-in tariff is a flexible, yet effective mechanism in promoting the proliferation of renewable electricity in California. The tariff creates a stable investment environment that protects both the utilities and the renewable electricity generators. Not only does the system foster capacity growth, but also technological advancement to the point where renewable electricity can compete in the market without assistance. From an environmental standpoint, the feed-in tariff contributes significantly towards achieving the emissions reduction goals set forth by AB32 without causing harmful increases to electricity prices.
The feed-in tariff model has been used in countries all over the world and in countless variations. The California model is certainly unique, using a dynamic combination of eligibility requirements, pricing mechanisms, and degression rates. Flaws can already be spotted in the system, but it is too early to tell what type of market effects will truly prevail. The key will be to analyze the market effects as they happen and adjust the tariff accordingly. In the meantime, it would be advantageous to pursue more aggressive green marketing campaigns in order to establish meaningful social norms in favor of environmentally responsible goods and practices. These strong social norms will help to ensure quicker and more effective transitions to green products in the future, including the complete transition to renewable electricity over the coming generations.
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Hill, Mark. "The British North Sea: The Importance Of And Factors Affecting Tax Revenue From Oil Production." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2004. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4229.
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The oil industry is the richest and most influential industry in the world. The industry has moved the fates of nations. Oil is required to fight wars and exert power, and the restriction of this energy source is paramount to the restriction of movement, control, and in the end, power. Management of this resource and the tax revenue it generates are of serious strategic importance, both domestically and internationally. Understanding the results of taxation for this important commodity is important to international relations as well. The tax system affects tax revenue, government actions, oil company actions, and the oil supply itself. Each of these is important to international relations.
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Savage, William. "The Full Cost of Renewables: Managing Wind Integration Costs in California." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/57.
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Wind power will be an important component of California's aggressive strategies to meet its greenhouse gas reduction targets by the year 2020. However, the costs of integrating wind power's variable and uncertain output are often ignored. I argue that California must take prudent action to understand, minimize, and allocate wind integration costs. A review of numerous studies suggests that for wind penetration levels below 20%, integration costs should remain modest. However, costs are heavily dependent on market structure, and I suggest numerous ways that California can optimize its market design to manage wind integration costs.
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Oliveira, Diogo Pignataro de. "Acordos internacionais sobre a produ??o compartilhada de recursos naturais: a unitiza??o interestatal na ?rea do petr?leo e g?s sob o enfoque constitucional brasileiro." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13881.
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Previous issue date: 2008-06-02<br>Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior<br>The apportionment of natural resources between sovereign States is a subject that relates many aspects of International law, as long as Constitutional Law, at the execution and application phases of international treaties that regulates the exploration of common goods. In this sense, because of their natural characteristics that creates an environment of constant migration and fixation in transboundary regions, terrestrial or maritime, the petroleum and the natural gas bound a complex juridical apparatus that can control the sovereign rights involved. This research is aim at accomplishing a study concerning the international agreements that enable the non-unilateral action, specifically the unitization treaties between sovereign States, as a manner to resolve situations related to the individualization of oil and/or gas reservoirs that go across their national borders. These agreements will be analyzed considering the
international public law sources theory, bearing in mind yet the already existed experiences in this sense, not disregarding the way that this fact could affect Brazil. It will begin with an historical incursion over the unitization institute, covering its main characteristics and its formation and execution procedures, and finally it will address the Brazilian legal system and the comparative law threats the institute. The clauses of these relevant agreements will be
analyzed in details, concerning its particularities and its contents. Because these agreements are international obligatory rules of law, it is indispensable that they are considered under the auspices of the international law system, focusing their nature and the subjects of international
law and establishing them as sources of the international law, analyzing them, then, as international rules and the applicable law to these juridical relations, the conventional
established, the consolidated international custom and the applicable International Law principles, appearing the State s responsibility as an important subject for the verification of
the acts lawful practiced by States. The analysis of the apportionment of these natural resources ends with the individualization of possible exploitable marine oil fields located between the exclusive economic zone and the continental platform ends and the region administrated by the International Seabed Authority. At last, the Brazilian constitutional system appears as the mechanism of integration, application and execution of the international unitization agreements in Brazil, detaching the format and the proceedings that the international treaties take to acquire validity at the national legal system, passing through the
treaties interpretation and the applicable constitutional principles, coming to its application in Brazil, considering the existing constitutional peculiarities and the role played by the National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and bio-fuel ANP<br>O compartilhamento de recursos naturais entre Estados soberanos ? um assunto que relaciona diversos aspectos do Direito Internacional P?blico, bem como do Direito Constitucional dos Estados, quando mais especificamente se volta ? execu??o e aplica??o de acordos internacionais que regulamentam o aproveitamento de bens comuns soberanamente. Neste contexto, por serem recursos naturais detentores de caracter?sticas ?nsitas que lhes
possibilitam a migra??o constante e o dep?sito em posi??es transfronteiri?as, terrestres ou mar?timas, o petr?leo e o g?s natural surgem como bens que quando compartilhados necessitam de um aparato jur?dico complexo que regulamente sua explora??o e produ??o, de maneira a n?o afetar os direitos soberanos dos envolvidos. A proposi??o da presente disserta??o ? o de realizar um estudo sobre os acordos internacionais que possibilitam a concretiza??o desse fim voltado ? atua??o conjunta, mais especificamente os tratados de unitiza??o celebrados internacionalmente entre Estados, a fim de solucionarem quest?es relativas ? individualiza??o de campos de petr?leo e/ou g?s que atravessem suas fronteiras. Esses acordos ser?o analisados ? luz da teoria das fontes do direito internacional p?blico, tendo por base as experi?ncias j? existentes neste sentido, n?o podendo olvidar a forma como
isto poderia ser efetivado no Brasil. Iniciar-se-? por uma incurs?o hist?rica sobre o instituto da unitiza??o, passando pelas suas caracter?sticas principais e seu procedimento de forma??o e execu??o, at? se chegar ao tratamento conferido ao instituto pelas legisla??es brasileiras e o direito comparado. As cl?usulas desses relevantes acordos ser?o enfocadas em an?lise minuciosa das particularidades do conte?do dos acordos de unitiza??o internacional. Por se
tratar de norma jur?dica cogente internacional, imprescind?vel que se enquadre esses acordos no ordenamento jur?dico internacional, ressaltando a natureza de tal direito e os sujeitos internacionais, para s? ent?o poder estabelec?-los como fonte do direito internacional e analis?-los como norma internacional, enquadrando como conseq?ente direito aplic?vel nessas rela??es jur?dicas interestatais tanto o convencionalmente estabelecido, assim como o costume internacional consolidado e os princ?pios de Direito Internacional aplic?veis, de modo que a responsabilidade internacional dos Estados surge como importante t?pico sobre a
constata??o da licitude dos atos praticados pelos Estados quando da ocorr?ncia destas situa??es. A an?lise do compartilhamento desses recursos naturais ? luz do ordenamento jur?dico internacional finaliza com o enfrentamento da individualiza??o de poss?veis campos
explor?veis situados em ?reas marinhas entre o fim da zona econ?mica exclusiva e da plataforma continental e a regi?o controlada pela Autoridade Internacional. Por fim, o sistema constitucional brasileiro aparece como norteador da integra??o, aplica??o e execu??o dos acordos de unitiza??o internacional no Brasil, destacando o formato e o procedimento que os tratados internacionais percorrem para adquirir vig?ncia no plano interno brasileiro, passando pela interpreta??o dos tratados internacionais de unitiza??o e os princ?pios constitucionais aplic?veis, at? chegar ? sua aplica??o no Brasil com as devidas peculiaridades constitucionais existentes, ressalvando o papel assumido pela Ag?ncia Nacional do Petr?leo, G?s Natural e Biocombust?veis ANP
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Galv?o, Rafael Silva Paes Pires. "O princ?pio constitucional do desenvolvimento e a utiliza??o de recursos h?dricos na ind?stria de petr?leo." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13890.
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Previous issue date: 2008-07-30<br>As can be inferred by the title of its study The constitutional principle of sustainable development and the utilization of hidrical resources in the oil industry the transcribed pages are dedicated to the approach of the mentioned subjects which, despite being apparently different, will be shown intrinsically connected as goes by the study. The superation of this first step by the reader will lead to an important perception of the title: that the situation requires, urgently, a defined posture, a complete conduct change and, therefore, a modification of the paradigms currently establisheds. To brake barriers, modifying what is lived by, is the ultimate goal. For that, there is no unique path, linear, but there were broached the development themes, the hidrical resources theme and oil and natural gas industry at the necessary points to achieve, by the end, a comprehension for the Brazilian Federal Republic goals in the search for the application of these juridical norms. The ones whom lay down over this study shall notice that, more than a simple approach over these themes (which are still less worked and searched in Brazil), the heavy critic of an instituted and pacifically accepted reality, directly offensive of the constitutional principles. The debate evolves from punctual and specific aspects, it gains life, flies, searching how the juridical order equalizes the economic model to the environment defense. Standing by the possibility of conciliation among constitutional principles, the remodeling of an economic segment is defended, aligning it to the sustainable limits. Development, sustainable, becomes means and goals to the implementation of liberty, capacitating everyone to achieve their goals of life, their libertments, fruit of the inherent antagonism of the Constitution the sustainable development offers, while an axiological vector, a new reality to the economic order, turning it into a motriz element to the fortification of constitutional normative force and for the national development<br>Como se deduz do t?tulo firmado para este trabalho O princ?pio constitucional do desenvolvimento sustent?vel e a utiliza??o de recursos h?dricos na ind?stria do petr?leo as p?ginas transcritas dedicam-se a abordagem dos assuntos mencionados que, aparentemente d?spares, mostrar-se-?o visceralmente interligados no transcorrer do estudo. A supera??o desta primeira etapa pelo leitor levar? a percep??o imprescind?vel sobre o tema: a situa??o exige, urgentemente, uma tomada de postura, uma guinada de conduta e, conseq?entemente, a modifica??o dos paradigmas atualmente vivenciados. Quebrar barreiras, modificando o vivenciado ? meta maior que se busca. Para tanto, n?o se estabeleceu um caminho ?nico, linear, mas abordaram-se os temas do desenvolvimento, dos recursos h?dricos e da ind?stria do petr?leo e do g?s natural nos pontos necess?rios para se atingir, ao final, uma compreens?o sobre os objetivos da Rep?blica Federativa do Brasil na busca pela implementa??o destas normas jur?dicas. Aqueles que se debru?arem sobre o estudo perceber?o, mas do que mera abordagem sobre os temas (ainda pouco trabalhados e aprofundados no Brasil), a cr?tica contundente sobre uma realidade instaurada e pacificamente aceita, frontalmente ofensiva dos princ?pios constitucionais. O debate evolui de aspectos pontuais e espec?ficos, ganha vida, al?a v?o, perscrutando como o ordenamento jur?dico equaliza o modelo econ?mico ? defesa ambiental. Posicionando-se pela possibilidade de concilia??o entre os princ?pios insertos no texto constitucional, defende-se a remodela??o do segmento econ?mico, alinhando-o ? balizas sustent?veis. Desenvolvimento, sustent?vel, torna-se fim e meio para a implementa??o da liberdade, capacitando todos a atingirem suas metas de vida, seus libertamentos; fruto do antagonismo inerente ? Constitui??o o desenvolvimento sustent?vel propicia, enquanto vetor valorativo, uma nova realidade para a ordem econ?mica, tornando-se, a mesma, elemento motriz a fortifica??o da for?a normativa constitucional e para o desenvolvimento nacional
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Woock, Celeste E. "Seamless Lidar Surveys Reveal Rates and Patterns of Subsidence in the Mississippi River Delta." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2019. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2656.
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Light Detection and Ranging (Lidar) data are used to report the temporal and spatial patterns of subsidence as well as the potential contributors to subsidence within the Barataria and Terrebonne Bays. In recent decades, subsidence in southeast Louisiana has become a topic of substantial and growing concern to the scientific community, the local residents, and all those invested in the region. Lidar data were acquired from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the LSU Center for Geoinformatics. The data has been manipulated to map the differenced Lidar, complete an instantaneous slope analysis, and determine the thickness of the Holocene sediments. The goal was to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the subsidence patterns and the dynamic processes driving subsidence within the study area. These efforts provide a better ability to plan for the future of the Louisiana working coast and mitigate against relative sea level rise and coastal land loss.
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Vilani, Rodrigo Machado. "Contribuição para o planejamento brasileiro de exploração de petróleo e gás natural através da formulação de uma política nacional de uso sustentável das reservas de petróleo e gás natural." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2339.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro<br>Petróleo e gás natural são recursos naturais não renováveis que possuem grande participação na matriz energética mundial e tendência de crescimento na matriz nacional, cujo marco regulatório limita-se a definir critérios técnicos e procedimentais sem incorporar o modelo de sustentabilidade instituído pela Constituição Federal de 1988. A natureza finita dos recursos não renováveis, como o petróleo e o gás natural, exige uma visão do planejamento de sua exploração de longo prazo na definição dos objetivos e metas. Essa perspectiva de longo prazo traduz uma das preocupações do desenvolvimento sustentável: a garantia de direitos para as futuras gerações. Assim, ao procurar fornecer elementos para a tradução do modelo de desenvolvimento sustentável no arcabouço institucional e legal da indústria petrolífera vigente no Brasil, o presente trabalho busca contribuir para o aprimoramento da regulação petrolífera nacional e a qualidade de vida das gerações presentes e futuras. E, mais do que propor a elaboração de um projeto de lei, como modalidade de implantação de uma política pública, queremos contribuir para o fortalecimento das práticas e ações governamentais voltadas para a aplicação do desenvolvimento sustentável, consoante apregoa a Constituição Federal brasileira. Trata-se aqui de demonstrar, através de metodologia quali-quantitativa, a tese de que é possível incorporar o princípio constitucional de desenvolvimento sustentável na atividade de exploração e produção de petróleo e gás natural, formulando uma política pública que incorpore, no regime de propriedade do petróleo, a variável ambiental e o uso intergeracional que já haviam sido e continuam sendo aplicados a algumas fontes renováveis de energia. Inicialmente, identificamos a composição da matriz energética brasileira desde a inserção do petróleo como uma questão de Estado a partir dos anos 50 do século XX. Em seguida, analisamos a concepção legal e doutrinária para propor, então, a conceituação de um modelo de desenvolvimento energético sustentável, estruturante para a proposição de uma política nacional para a indústria petrolífera. Com base nessa conceituação, analisamos o marco regulatório e os procedimentos institucionais praticados atualmente para identificar as lacunas existentes no ordenamento a serem supridas pela política nacional proposta. A partir da análise dos contextos legal e institucional, e das políticas energética e ambiental, propomos a tradução de conceitos, objetivos, princípios e instrumentos num projeto de lei de Política Nacional de Uso Sustentável das Reservas de Petróleo e Gás Natural. Concluímos tecendo considerações gerais e específicas sobre a proposição aqui formulada com vistas ao aprimoramento do modelo nacional de gestão de recursos energéticos e ao fomento das discussões voltadas para a sustentabilidade das políticas públicas e as práticas privadas enraizadas na exploração irracional de recursos não renováveis<br>Petroleum and natural gas are non renewable natural resources that have a great participation in the global energy matrix and growth trend in the national matrix, whose regulatory framework is restricted to technical and procedural criteria without incorporating the model of sustainability established by the Federal Constitution of 1988. The finite nature of non-renewable resources, such as oil and natural gas, requires a vision of planning for their long-term exploration in the definition of goals and objectives. This long-term prospect represents one of the concerns of sustainable development that of guaranteeing the rights of future generations. So, when seeking to provide elements to translate of the model of sustainable development into the institutional and legal framework of the existing oil industry in Brazil it tries to contribute to the improvement of the national petroleum regulation and the quality of life for present and future generations. And more than proposing drawing up a bill, as a means of implementing a public policy, it aims to contribute to the strengthening of governmental actions and practices directed at implementing sustainable development, as proclaimed by the Brazilian Federal Constitution. Here it is a matter of demonstrating, through qualitative and quantitative methodology, the thesis that it is possible to incorporate the constitutional principle of sustainable development into the activity of exploration and production of oil and natural gas, formulating a public policy that incorporates, in the ownership of oil, the environmental variable and intergenerational use which had been and still are applied to some renewable sources of energy. Initially, we identified the composition of the Brazilian energy matrix since the inclusion of oil as a matter of state in the 1950s. Next, we analysed the legal and doctrinary concept and then proposed the concept of a model of sustainable energy development, a structuring element for the proposition of a national policy for the petroleum industry. Based on this concept, we analysed the regulatory framework and institutional procedures currently in force to identify the existing gaps in planning to be filled by the proposed national policy. Based on the analysis of the legal and institutional contexts, and energy and environmental policies, we propose the transformation of concepts, objectives, principles and instruments into a bill of law of National Policy on Sustainable Use of Reserves of Oil and Natural Gas. We conclude with general and specific considerations on the proposition made here with a view to improving the national model of management of energy resources and the fostering of discussions focused on the sustainability of public policies and private practices rooted in the irrational exploration of non-renewable resources.
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Ruban, Andriy. "Pozice Ukrajiny v euroasijském transportu ropy a zemního plynu." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-72681.
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The thesis focuses on theoretical and empirical analysis of oil and natural gas flows in Eurasia and maps Ukraine's transit position in the regional oil and gas supply chain. The aim of the thesis is to objectively evaluate possibilities of Eurasian energy integration by enlargement of the European energy market further to the East and to prospect Ukraine's involvement into a new geopolitical energy alliance, driven by EU. This dissertation builds up on economical, geographical, historical and political premises of markets integration as well as system approach of energy alliances development. It argues that (i) energy integration on contrary to traditional economic stream can be explained by system approach and geopolitical stream of energy expansionism; (ii) EU infrustructural oil and gas projects imply deeper integration of EU member-states with involed non-members and (iii) Ukraine's oil and gas transit status within Eurasian region facilitates its growing involvement into EU energy intiatives guided by the European rules. The thesis is organized into three chapters. The first one is predominately theoretical and seeks to summarize current theoretical approaches towards integration and trends of energy markets in Eurasia. The second chapter introduces the role of oil and gas transport capacities and Ukraine's transit status in resolving disparities of Eurasian energy supply chain. The third chapter describes condition of Ukrainian oil and gas infrastructure and tackles issues for reformation of national oil and gas transit pipelines. Securing access to energy supplies has been a driving factor of global development since the industrial revolution. Increasing demand for oil and gas has undermined energy and economic security of world centers. In Eurasia Europe and Asia has been competing for fossil fuels originating from Russia, Middle East and Central Asia. Since recently Eurasian energy security problem is being solved by development of new supply routes. These infrastructural projects are initiated by oil and gas consumers, suppliers and transitors competing over control in the infrastructure. Such competition destabilises Eurasian relations, leads to energy "wars", political conflicts and increases supplies disruption risks. To secure stability of energy supply chain producers, transitors and consumers of oil and gas resources should integrate, closely cooperate and jointly invest into improving the existing supply routes and efficiency of fuels consumtion, production and transportation. Oil and gas should be traded for technologies and capital securing control in the infrustucture of mutual interests. Development of further bilateral and multilateral tools of joint interest would also help in resolving energy related contradictions of the participating parties. The leading role in driving energy integration in Eurasia belongs to the EU being the most mature and advanced integration grouping in Eurasia. EU realises TEN-e projects and from recently a common foreign energy policy aimed to strengthen external cooperation with oil and gas suppliers and transitors, including Ukraine. Since 1970s Ukraine has been an important oil and gas transitor for Russian and Central Asian oil and gas to Europe. Ukrainian pipelines intermediate 10 % of oil and 50 % of gas imports of Europe. To counterbalance Russian energy diplomacy over Ukraine, EU is supporting Ukraine's efforts in such energy alliances as INOGATE or GUAM. Ukraine's recent accession to the South Eastern-European Energy Community should improve stability of gas and oil supplies to Europe and facilitate reformation of national transit capacities.
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Matskova, Natalia. "Approche multi-échelle pour la caractérisation de l'espace poreux des réservoirs pétroliers argileux non conventionnels." Thesis, Poitiers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018POIT2276.
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Les réservoirs pétroliers argileux sont caractérisés par des systèmes de pores associés à une distribution spatiale hétérogène à plusieurs échelles des phases minérales et organiques. Cette hétérogénéité nécessite une approche multi-échelle et multi-outils pour caractériser le réseau de pores. Une telle approche a été développée grâce à la sélection rigoureuse de 7 carottes issues de la formation de Vaca Muerta (Argentine), avec différentes maturations d'hydrocarbures mais des compositions minérales comparables. La tomographie RX 3D et la cartographie de la porosité par autoradiographie ont révélé les hétérogénéités à l'échelle des carottes, et permis d'identifier des zones homogènes pour le prélèvement de sous-échantillons comparables et représentatifs.Le couplage corrélatif de différentes techniques a permis d'atteindre un bilan quantitatif de la porosité / tailles de pores et pour la première fois, sur des blocs non broyées, notamment pour les expériences d'adsorption d'azote. Les résultats d’autoradiographie sont en accord avec les autres méthodes, indiquant que tous les pores sont connectés et accessibles par la résine d’imprégnation. Une diminution de la porosité totale ainsi que des tailles de pores a également été observée avec la maturation de la matière organique.Une approche innovante pour l'acquisition et le traitement de mosaïques d’images MEB a fourni des cartographies de la distribution des phases minérales et organiques à l'échelle du cm. Le couplage corrélatif avec la carte de porosité par autoradiographie des mêmes zones, a révélé les corrélations spatiales entre variations minéralogiques et de porosité<br>Gas shale reservoirs are characterized by pore systems, associated with a heterogeneous spatial distribution of mineral and organic phases at multiple scales. This high heterogeneity requires a multi-scale & multi-tool approach to characterize the pore network. Such an approach has been developed on 7 cores from the Vaca Muerta formation (Argentina), which belong to areas with various hydrocarbon maturities, but with comparable mineral compositions. 3D µtomography and quantitative 2D mapping of the connected porosity by autoradiography have been applied at the core scale, in aim to localize and analyze the spatial heterogeneities, and to identify similar homogenous areas for localizing comparable sub-samples.The correlative coupling of various techniques was applied to achieve quantitative balance of porosity and pore size distribution, from mm to nm scales on representative sub-samples and for the first time, on preserved blocks rather than crushed powders, even for nitrogen gas adsorption experiments. Results of autoradiography are in very good agreement with other total bulk porosities, indicating that all pores are connected and accessed by the 14C-MMA used for impregnation. Decreased total porosity and pore throat/body sizes were also observed as organic matter maturity increased. An innovative approach for electron microscopy images acquisition and treatment provided large mosaics, with the distribution of mineral and organic phases at the cm scale. The correlative coupling with the autoradiography porosity map of the same zone, revealed the spatial correlations between mineralogical variations and porosity
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Jonathan, Norris Allen. "Transitioning Central Appalachia: Understanding Framework Conditions Supporting the Adaptation to New Energy Economies." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1524242893014265.
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Локтєв, В. С. "Геологічне прогнозування контурів соляних штоків та нафтогазоносності приштокових зон південно-східної частини Дніпровсько-Донецької западини". Thesis, Івано-Франківський національний технічний університет нафти і газу, 2007. http://elar.nung.edu.ua/handle/123456789/4192.
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Дисертація присвячена дослідженню особливостей геологічної будови приштокових зон та перспектив їх нафтогазоносності у південно-східній частині Дніпровсько-Донецької западини, із родовищ якої ведеться основний видобуток газу в Україні. Дослідженнями встановлено, що товщини відкладів нижньої юри та байоського ярусу середньої юри збільшуються над соляними штоками та певні їх значення співпадають із контурами соляних штоків на рівні пермі та карбону. Співвідношення чисельних значень товщини цих відкладів над контуром соляних штоків і за їх межами на тектонічно неактивних ділянках однакове і збільшується приблизно у півтора раза. Відмічена чітка закономірність збільшення коефіцієнта діаметра свердловин з наближенням до соляних штоків. Статистичний аналіз значень цього коефіцієнта дозволив виділити в приштокових зонах підзони з різним відносним рівнем тектонічної деформованості порід, яка виникла під дією тектонічного впливу процесу розвитку соляних штоків. Виявлено, що найбільш перспективними для утворення покладів вуглеводнів є перша підзона приштокових блоків крутопоставлених шарів деформованих гірських порід (задири), що утворилися при прориві осадових порід соляними штоками. Запропонована черговість введення приштокових зон у пошуково-розвідувальне буріння та оцінка прогнозних ресурсів вуглеводнів у перспективних приштокових блоках. Розробки здобувана спрямовані на вирішення нагальної проблеми України - нарощування ресурсної бази вуглеводнів.<br>иссертация посвящена исследованию особенностей геологического строения приштоковых зон соляных штоков и перспектив их нефтегазоносности в юго-восточной части Днепровско-Донецкой впадины, из месторождений которой ведется основная добыча газа в Украине. Исследованиями установлено, что толщины отложений нижней юры и байоского яруса средней юры возрастают над приштоковыми зонами и соляными штоками и конкретные значения толщины этих отложений совпадают с контурами соляных штоков на уровне перми и карбона. Отношение толщины этих отложений над контуром соляного штока и на тектонически неактивных участках вне границ влияния соляных штоков одинаковое и увеличивается в среднем в полтора раза. Отмечена четкая закономерность (коэффициент корреляции более 0,8) увеличения коэффициента диаметра скважин с приближением к штокам. Статистический анализ значений этого коэффициента позволил провести распределение приштоковых зон на подзоны с разным относительным уровнем деформированости пород, которая возникла под действием тектонического влияния процесса развития штоков в юго-восточной части Днепровско-Донецкой впадины. Установлено, что наиболее перспективными для формирования залежей углеводородов являются приштоковые блоки крутопоставленых деформированных горных пород (задиры) - первая подзона, которая образовались при прорыве осадочных пород соляными штоками. Высокая перспективность обуславливается наличием большого количества тектонических трещин, которые увеличивают проницаемость и в следствии дебиты газа в скважинах и запасы углеводородов, также экранирование коллекторов солью соляных штоков и козырьков приводит к надежному запечатыванию залежей, наличие тектонических нарушений способствует миграции флюидов из нефтегазоматеринских толщ, а большие углы падения пластов (более 45°) создает структурные условия для образования залежей. Увеличивает перспективность этой зоны наличие делювиальных шлейфов. Предложена очередность введения приштоковых блоков в поисково-разведочное бурение и оценены прогнозные ресурсы углеводородов в перспективных приштоковых зонах, оценка которых проведена по аналогии с открытыми и разведанными месторождениями возле соляных штоков в юго-восточной части Днепровско-Донецкой впадины.
Разработки соискателя направлены на решение неотложной проблемы Украины - наращивание ресурсной базы углеводородов.<br>A dissertation was devoted to research of features of geological structure of near-domes zones and prospects of them oil and gas bearing in south-east part of Dniepr-Donetsk depression from the deposits which of the inherent mine of gas in Ukraine is conducted. It is set by researches, that thickness of deposits of lower Jurassic and Bajocian of middle Jurassic rise above salt domes and defined their thickness coincide with the contours of salt domes at the level of Permian and Carboniferous. Relation of thickness of these deposits between the values above the contour of salt domes and values of thickness on tectonic nonactive areas out of scopes of influencing of salt domes identical and it is increased on the average in one and a half. It is marked clear conformity to the law of increase of coefficient of diameter of well bores with approaching to salt domes. The statistical analysis of values of this allowed a coefficient to conduct distributing of near-domes zones on parts with a different relative level of tectonic deformity of rocks, which arose up under action of the tectonic influencing of process of development of salt domes. It is exposed, that most perspective for formation of deposits of hydrocarbons there are the near-domes zones blocks of high comers layers of the deformed rocks -first part near-domes zone, which appeared at the breach of rocks by salt domes. Offered order of introduction of near-domes zones to the conducting prospect drilling and estimation prognosis resources of hydrocarbons in perspective neardomes zones. Developments of bread-collectors were dericted on the decision of urgent problem of Ukraine - increase of resource base of hydrocarbons.
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Pronto, Lindon N. "Exploring German and American Modes of Pedagogical and Institutional Sustainability: Forging a Way into the Future." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/21.
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Rooted deep in Germany's past is its modern socio-political grounding for environmental respect and sustainability. This translates into individual and collective action and extends equally to the economic and policy realm as it does to educational institutions. This thesis evaluates research conducted in Germany with a view to what best approaches are transferable to the United States liberal arts setting. Furthermore, exemplary American models of institutional sustainability and environmental education are explored and combined with those from abroad to produce a blueprint and action plan fitting for the American college and university.