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1

Cai, Bo, Yun Hong Ding, Yong Jun Lu, Hua Shen, and Zhen Zhou Yang. "Status of Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources and its Environment Risk Factors in China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 541-542 (March 2014): 927–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.541-542.927.

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The development of resources has achieved revolution from unconventional resources to conventional resources in North America. China's tight oil and gas reservoirs are widely distributed and the exploration potential is tremendous. The abundant unconventional natural gas resources, if exploited reasonably and efficiently, will provide stable energy supply for the sustainable development of Chinese economy. In this paper, a few key techniques including drilling and hydraulic fracturing for the development of unconventional oil and gas resources were introduced. The factors of unconventional oil and gas were put forward,the costs of drilling and well completion and environmental concerns for the development of tight oil and gas in China included ground water contamination, risks to air quality, migration of gases were also introduced which has raised combined with the analysis of future prospects and future technology development. We also offer some technology which has the merits of low cost, efficient for the development of unconventional tight reservoir in horizontal wells. Good conditions have been found in Sichuan, Tarim and Ordos basins for both development and exploitation, finally we can come to a conclusion that the tight oil and gas should be realistic replacement resources of conventional oil and gas.
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2

Liu, De Xun, Shu Heng Tang, Hong Yan Wang, and Qun Zhao. "Development Prospect of Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources." Applied Mechanics and Materials 421 (September 2013): 917–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.421.917.

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Affected by the constant development of global economy and the imbalance in distribution of conventional oil and gas, oil and gas resources can no longer meet the demand in many countries. Development of unconventional oil and gas has begun to take shape. Shale gas and tight oil become the focus of global attention. Unconventional oil and gas resources are relatively abundant in China. Preliminary results have been achieved in the development of shale gas. Tight oil has been developed in small scale, and the main technologies are maturing gradually. Yet we face many challenges. Low in work degree, resources remain uncertain. Environmental capacity is limited, and large scale batch jobs will confront with difficulties.
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3

Maulana, Rifqi Fajar, and Uray Keisya Ranaputri. "Potential Development of Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources in Indonesia." Indonesian Journal of Energy 7, no. 1 (2024): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33116/ije.v7i1.194.

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The demand for energy is increasing along with the rise in population. Indonesian people rely on conventional resources such as coal, oil, and natural gas to meet their energy needs. It is estimated that coal can only be exploited for up to 61 years, natural gas for 34 years, and oil for 19 years. Meanwhile, Indonesia possesses unconventional oil and gas resources (e.g., coal bed methane (CBM), tight gas, shale gas and oil, and methane hydrate), estimated to reach 1,800 trillion cubic feet (TCF). These resources are in the exploration stage and have yet to be fully exploited due to technological limitations. Nevertheless, the Indonesian government continues to emphasize the development of this type of energy resource. Therefore, this study conducts a review of the potential of unconventional oil and gas resources in Indonesia, covering characteristics, potential occurrences in Indonesia, exploitation methods, utilization as a source of energy, and opportunities and challenges in their application. The method used is a narrative review based on secondary data by examining papers published in reputable national and international journals in the last ten years. Results show that unconventional oil and gas resources have different characteristics, including permeability, porosity, and depth. CBM can be found at the shallowest depth, followed by tight gas, methane hydrate, and the deepest is shale gas. Potential occurrences of these resources in Indonesia include gas hydrate (858.2 TCF), then shale gas (574.07 TCF), coal-bed methane (453.3 TCF), and shale oil 11.24 million tons. Exploitation can be done in various ways, such as dewatering for CBM, hydraulic fracking for tight and shale, and depressurization for methane hydrate. Once exploited, methane gas can be used for power plants, vehicle fuel, and industrial and household needs. Opportunities and challenges from various aspects, as well as applicable laws in Indonesia, are also discussed. In this light, the contribution of our study is to provide a comprehensive review of the characteristics, location, exploitation methods, opportunities, and challenges of utilizing unconventional oil and gas resources in Indonesia.
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4

Kong, Shaoqi, Gan Feng, Yueliang Liu, and Chuang Wen. "Energy Extraction and Processing Science." Energies 16, no. 14 (2023): 5372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16145372.

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With an increasingly tight supply of world energy resources, unconventional oil and gas resources, including shale oil and gas, coal-bed gas, tight sandstone oil and gas, have attracted much attention [...]
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5

Troup, Alison, Melanie Fitzell, Sally Edwards, Owen Dixon, and Gopalakrishnan Suraj. "Unconventional petroleum resource evaluation in Queensland." APPEA Journal 53, no. 2 (2013): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj12082.

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The search for unconventional petroleum resources requires a shift in the way the petroleum potential of sedimentary basins is assessed. Gas in source rocks and tight reservoirs has largely been ignored in preference for traditional conventional gas plays. Recent developments in technology now allow for the extraction of gas trapped in low-permeability reservoirs. Assessments of the unconventional petroleum potential of basins, including estimates of the potential resource are required to guide future exploration. The Geological Survey of Queensland is collaborating with Geoscience Australia (GA) and other state agencies to undertake regional assessments of several basins with potential for unconventional petroleum resources in Queensland. The United States Geological Survey methodology for assessment of continuous petroleum resources is being adopted to estimate total undiscovered oil and gas resources. Assessments are being undertaken to evaluate the potential of key formations as shale oil and gas and tight-gas plays. The assessments focus on mapping key attributes including depth, thickness, maturity, total organic carbon (TOC), porosity, gas content, reservoir pressure, mineralogy and regional facies patterns using data from stratigraphic bores and petroleum wells to determine play fairways or areas of greatest potential. More detailed formation evaluation is being undertaken for a regional framework of wells using conventional log suites and mudlogs to calculate porosity, TOC, maturity, oil and gas saturations, and gas composition. HyLoggerTM data is being used to determine its validity to estimate bulk mineralogy (clay-carbonate-quartz) compared with traditional x-ray diffraction methods. These methods are being applied to key formations with unconventional potential in the Georgina and Eromanga basins in Queensland.
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6

Du, Yu Kun, Rui He Wang, Hong Jian Ni, and Hong Jun Huo. "Application Prospects of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in Unconventional Oil and Gas Reservoirs." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 1355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.1355.

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The technical problems during the development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs are becoming more and more difficult to handle with conventional drilling and production methods. Supercritical carbon dioxide has so many good properties such as high rock-breaking drilling efficiency, strong dissolved displacement performance and unharmful effect on the reservoir that it can be used as a drilling, completion and production medium to effectively exploit the unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. The global distribution of unconventional oil and gas resources is introduced, application status of carbon dioxide in oil and gas development is discussed, and development prospects of supercritical carbon dioxide in the unconventional oil and gas reservoirs are systematically analyzed. Using supercritical carbon dioxide as a medium in the whole development process is an important trend of unconventional oil and gas development technologies.
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7

Kalu, E. O., O. C. Okeke, C. C. Amadi, et al. "A Review on the Geologic Occurrence, Development and Associated Environmental Problems of Unconventional Hydrocarbon Energy Resources." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, no. 8 (2020): 1411–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4026655.

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Unconventional hydrocarbon energy resources are non renewable energy resources whose major constituents are hydrogen and carbon. They have indistinct source rock- reservoir rocks-trap rocks characteristics/boundaries and unique exploitation technologies including mining and processing (surface and underground production using retorts for exploitation of oil shale and coking units for exploitation of bitumen; in-situ treatment and recovery (underground production using thermal treatment, chemical flooding and gas injection for exploitation of heavy oils in particular); and well production /underground production using vertical drilling, horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. Only well production technology is applicable to conventional hydrocarbon energy resources, that is petroleum and natural gas exploitation. There are five classes of unconventional hydrocarbon energy resources including: coal bed methane (CBM), oil shale, shale gas/shale oil, heavy oil/bitumen, and natural gas hydrates. Worldwide, the recoverable methane from coal bed methane resources is about 2625 tcf. Similarly, the recoverable billions of barrels of oil from shale oil, heavy oil and bitumen, resources worldwide are 28626,443 and 651, respectively. Over 90% of these, that is, shale oil, heavy oil and bitumen are found in USA Venezuela and Canada respectively. The environmental problems associated with development of unconventional hydrocarbon energy resources include: surface/groundwater pollution; water depletion; air pollution and hazards of solid wastes from oil shale and bitumen mining/ processing. However, energy produced from unconventional hydrocarbon energy resources are similar to those produced from other (conventional) energy resources and can be equally used for various purposes including industrial, residential, transportation and commercial.
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8

E. O, Kalu,, Okeke O. C, Amadi, C. C, et al. "A Review on the Geologic Occurrence, Development and Associated Environmental Problems of Unconventional Hydrocarbon Energy Resources." Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 8 - August 5, no. 8 (2020): 1411–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20aug809.

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Unconventional hydrocarbon energy resources are non renewable energy resources whose major constituents are hydrogen and carbon. They have indistinct source rock- reservoir rocks-trap rocks characteristics/boundaries and unique exploitation technologies including mining and processing (surface and underground production using retorts for exploitation of oil shale and coking units for exploitation of bitumen; in-situ treatment and recovery (underground production using thermal treatment, chemical flooding and gas injection for exploitation of heavy oils in particular); and well production /underground production using vertical drilling, horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. Only well production technology is applicable to conventional hydrocarbon energy resources, that is petroleum and natural gas exploitation. There are five classes of unconventional hydrocarbon energy resources including: coal bed methane (CBM), oil shale, shale gas/shale oil, heavy oil/bitumen, and natural gas hydrates. Worldwide, the recoverable methane from coal bed methane resources is about 2625 tcf. Similarly, the recoverable billions of barrels of oil from shale oil, heavy oil and bitumen, resources worldwide are 28626,443 and 651, respectively. Over 90% of these, that is, shale oil, heavy oil and bitumen are found in USA Venezuela and Canada respectively. The environmental problems associated with development of unconventional hydrocarbon energy resources include: surface/groundwater pollution; water depletion; air pollution and hazards of solid wastes from oil shale and bitumen mining/ processing. However, energy produced from unconventional hydrocarbon energy resources are similar to those produced from other (conventional) energy resources and can be equally used for various purposes including industrial, residential, transportation and commercial.
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9

Sutter, Lori. "Hydraulic Fracturing: Potential Impacts to Wetlands." Wetland Science & Practice 32, no. 3 (2015): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1672/ucrt083-278.

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Unconventional oil and gas extraction using hydraulic fracturing has disrupted traditional energy technologies. Shale formations are a vast global resource facilitating a worldwide transition to gas-centric economies. While hydrocarbon reserves in shale formations exist globally, most of the production of gas from shale currently occurs in North America. With over 50,000 new unconventional oil and gas wells being drilled annually since 2000 in central North America alone, and a likely production growth of 60% in the U.S. It is no surprise that unconventional gas drilling has received much attention in recent years. However, its potential impact on natural resources, particularly water quality and quantity, has also garnered much attention in the media and more recently in the scientific literature. Adding fuel to this controversy is a the recent draft EPA report press release with its headline: Assessment shows hydraulic fracturing activities have not led to widespread, systemic impacts to drinking water resources and identifies important vulnerabilities to drinking water resources.
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10

WANG, Hongjun, Feng MA, Xiaoguang TONG, et al. "Assessment of global unconventional oil and gas resources." Petroleum Exploration and Development 43, no. 6 (2016): 925–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1876-3804(16)30111-2.

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11

Asif Yusifli, Aziz Mammadov, Asif Yusifli, Aziz Mammadov. "JOINT DEVELOPMENT: OIL AND GAS RESOURCES." PAHTEI-Procedings of Azerbaijan High Technical Educational Institutions 17, no. 06 (2022): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/pahtei17062022-206.

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Commercial production of unconventional oil and gas resources will be difficult to achieve without large-scale engineering measures, let alone the additional operating costs, increasingly stringent safety and environmental requirements, fluctuating low oil and gas prices, and so on, all of which will undermine investors' confidence. As a reason, unconventional techniques to steering the exploration and production of nontraditional oil and gas production are urgently required. As a conclusion, we proposed the notion of joint exploration and development, which involves combining search strategy and operational approaches for a variety of oil resources in order to analyze, develop, acquire, and utilize numerous hydrocarbon sources at the same time. In this method, the vexing interference between the created mixture of hydrocarbon flow, which results in a reduction in single-well flowrate, might be transformed into a dynamic mutual force that boosts the well's flowrate. The necessity of joint exploration and development is dictated by the occurrence circumstances of oil and gas resources, its practicality is dependent on technological advancements, and its laborious and long-term nature is linked to the existing energy market and environment, we also point out. Despite a number of issues and challenges, we believe that collaborative exploration and development will be a viable choice for lowering costs and increasing output and benefits, boosting investor confidence, increasing energy comprehensive use, and improving energy supply efficiency. Keywords: development oil and gas resources, analysis, energy comprehensive use
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12

Jumiati, Wiwiek, David Maurich, Andi Wibowo, and Indra Nurdiana. "The Development of Non-Conventional Oil and Gas in Indonesia." Journal of Earth Energy Engineering 9, no. 1 (2020): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/jeee.2020.4074.

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Oil and gas fuel from unconventional types of reservoirs was the development of alternative sources in addition to oil and gas fuels from conventional type reservoirs that can be obtained to meet domestic needs. The development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs has developed rapidly outside Indonesia, such as in North America and Canada. One type of unconventional oil and gas reservoir was obtained from shale rock reservoirs. Hydrocarbon shale produced from shale formations, both source from rock and reservoir. This unconventional hydrocarbon has a big potential to be utilized. In this study, an analysis of the development of unconventional oil and gas from Shale Hydrocarbons carried out in Indonesia. This research included the distribution of shale reservoir basins, the number of unconventional shale reservoir resources, factors affecting the development of unconventional oil and gas in shale reservoirs in Indonesia, efforts made by the government to promote exploration activities, exploitation of shale reservoirs in Indonesia, and existing regulations for non-conventional oil and gas. The development of unconventional oil and gas reservoir shale needed to be developed immediately and will attract investors to meet domestic needs for renewable energy needs. From the geological data obtained, there were 6 basins and 11 formations that analyzed for commercialization. Tanjung and Batu Kelau Formation was a prospect formation from 4 desired data categories. In terms of regulation, it still needed improvement to increase the interest of upstream oil and gas entrepreneurs in the unconventional oil and gas shale reservoir. Research in the field of unconventional oil and gas exploitation technology for hydrocarbon shale needed to be improved.
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13

Krasnova, Elizaveta A., Antonina V. Stoupakova, Aleksander N. Stafeev, et al. "Geological structure and paleogeographic zoning of the Khadum formation in Pre‑Caucasus." Georesursy 23, no. 2 (2021): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.18599/grs.2021.2.9.

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Unconventional oil and gas resource development and exploration is the one of the most prospective concept in petroleum geology. High carbon Khadum facies are investigated as unconventional resources in the Precaucas basin and contain gas, gas condensate and oil accumulations. Oligocene and Lower Miocene structure, prospectivity and fields distribution are the one of the most relevant subjects nowadays. This study is focused on the main stages Late Eocene and Early Oligocene deposits formation and the paleogeography of the Khadum formation in the Precaucas oil and gas basin. The new prospective zones are developed in Khadum formation based on the complex analysis of seismic, paleogeography and lithofacies analysis.
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14

Wang, Jianping, Hongjuan Jia, and Jiachun You. "Performance Analysis of Soluble Bridge Plug Materials for Fracturing in Unconventional Oilfields." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (May 19, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1911173.

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With the continuous in-depth development of oil and gas resources, unconventional oil and gas resources show great potential. In recent years, 70% of the proven oil and gas resources in China are unconventional oil and gas resources. Therefore, the development of unconventional oil and gas resources has a huge impact on the increase in the production capacity of the oil and gas resources in China. Staged fracturing of horizontal wells is the main technical measure to improve unconventional oil and gas production stimulation. In the fracturing process, the soluble bridge plug technology can not only effectively solve the problems of large investment in drilling and grinding of composite bridge plugs, high risks, self-locking of oil, casing deformation, etc., causing the bridge plug to be unable to be drilled and remove and affect subsequent production but also can successfully make up for the problems of subsequent production. The large-diameter bridge plug cannot achieve the full diameter of the wellbore and cannot carry out operations such as postproduction logging and refracturing, which can ensure the integrity of the wellbore to the greatest extent. In this paper, HNBR was used to modify MPU to prepare HNBR/MPU soluble rubber, and the effect of blending ratio on the vulcanization characteristics, mechanical properties, compatibility, thermal stability, and degradation behavior of composites was studied. The results showed that with the increase in the amount of HNBR, the degree of cross-linking of the composite material decreased gradually, and the mechanical properties decreased slightly. With the increase in the amount of HNBR, the thermal stability of the material decreases. The use of HNBR greatly reduced the degradation rate of MPU. When the amount of HNBR was changed from 20 phr to 40 phr, the tensile strength retention rate of the composite after soaking increased from 14.73% to 39.72%.
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Yuling, Zhao, Yang Jinzhong, and Zhang Zhi. "A Preliminary Study On Remote Sensing Monitoring Method For Oil And Gas Resources- A Case Study In Ordos Basin." E3S Web of Conferences 194 (2020): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019401003.

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With the continuous improvement of the understanding of the geological law and continuous innovation of unconventional oil and gas exploration and mining technology, China has made great breakthroughs in newly-added geological reserves of unconventional oil and gas resources, such as shale gas, coalbed methane, etc. But for many reasons, attention has not been paid to oil and gas resources (petroleum, natural gas, coalbed methane, shale gas), and regional remote sensing monitoring research has not been carried out. Based on high-resolution remote sensing data of the year 2018 and human-computer interactive interpretation technique, this paper built remote sensing interpretation signs of oil and gas mines, carried out exploration of remote sensing monitoring methods for oil and gas mines, completed remote sensing monitoring over development status of oil and gas mines in Ordos Basin, and proved feasibility of remote sensing monitoring method.
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Yang, Hanxuan, Chao Geng, Majia Zheng, et al. "Application of the Hydrocarbon Generation Potential Method in Resource Potential Evaluation: A Case Study of the Qiongzhusi Formation in the Sichuan Basin, China." Processes 12, no. 12 (2024): 2928. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122928.

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Global recoverable shale gas reserves are estimated to be 214.5 × 1012 m3. Estimation methods for shale gas resources, such as volumetric, analog, and genetic approaches, have been widely used in previous studies. However, these approaches have notable limitations, including the substantial effect of rock heterogeneity, difficulties in determining the similarity of analog accumulations, and unsuitability for evaluating high-mature–overmature source rocks. In the Qiongzhusi Formation (Є1q) of the Sichuan Basin, China, extensive development of high-mature–overmature shales has led to significant advancements in conventional and unconventional shale gas exploration. This progress highlights the need for the development of an integrated evaluation system for conventional and unconventional resources. Hence, this study uses the whole petroleum system theory and an improved hydrocarbon generation potential method to analyze the distribution patterns of hydrocarbon generation, retention, and expulsion during various stages of oil and gas accumulation in the Є1q. In addition, it assesses the resource potential of conventional and shale oil and gas. Hydrocarbon generation and expulsion centers are favorable exploration targets for conventional oil and gas, primarily located in the central and northern regions of the Mianyang—Changning rift trough, with an estimated resource potential of 6560 × 1012 m3. Hydrocarbon retention centers represent promising targets for shale oil and gas exploration, concentrated in the central Mianyang—Changning rift trough, with a resource potential of 287 × 1012 m3. This study provides strategic guidance for future oil and gas exploration in the Є1q and offers a methodological reference for integrated resource assessments of conventional and unconventional oil and gas systems of high-mature–overmature source rocks in similar basins worldwide.
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Donaldson, Burl, Brian Hughes, Eric N. Coker, and Nadir Yilmaz. "Pyrolysis of Oils from Unconventional Resources." Energies 16, no. 8 (2023): 3455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16083455.

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In this study, oils from various sources were subjected to pyrolysis conditions; that is, without oxidizer, as the samples were heated to 500 °C, and held at that temperature. The oils studied included: (1) heavy oil from Grassy Creek, Missouri; (2) oil from tar sands of Asphalt Ridge in Utah; (3) mid-continent oil shales of three formations (two of Chattanooga formation, Pennsylvanian (age) formation, and Woodford formation); and (4) a Colorado Piceance Basin shale. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) with either gas chromatography (GC) or mass spectrometry (MS) were used to quantify the produced gases evolved in the tests. Purge gases of helium, argon, and humid carbon dioxide were utilized. Larger scale pyrolysis tests were conducted in a tube furnace coupled to a MS and a GC. The results consistently showed that pyrolysis occurred between 300 °C and 500 °C, with the majority of gases being mainly hydrogen and light alkanes. This behavior was essentially consistent, regardless of the oil source.
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18

Gautier, Donald, and Peter McCabe. "Probabilistic resource/cost appraisals for evaluation of petroleum resources." APPEA Journal 55, no. 2 (2015): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj14086.

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In the increasingly open global marketplace, unconventional resources such as coal seam methane, shale gas and shale oil are now the marginal (highest cost) sources of supply in some regions and are seen as potential important components of energy policy for many nations, including Australia. Large in-place hydrocarbon volumes, low-recovery efficiency, and slim profit margins characterise the development of most of these resources around the world. Although they contribute a relatively small percentage of global petroleum production, they greatly influence world commodity prices and pose challenges to developers, investors and policy makers. Traditional assessments of in-place or technically recoverable hydrocarbon volumes alone are inadequate for evaluating the economic viability of these unconventional resources. By integrating probabilistic geology-based assessments with estimates of undiscounted life-cycle capital and operating expenditures, however, single parameter resource assessments become two-parameter resource cost appraisals, which can be used to: benchmark alternative oil or gas technologies; quantify the effects of technological change on high-cost developments; and, compare alternative resource development opportunities. The integration of geological and technological information thus provides an important tool for the effective evaluation of potential projects and for setting energy policy.
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Grimes, Carrie, Geoffrey Cann, and Christopher Margarido. "One well, 30,000 times: Australia's workforce transition to a gas factory." APPEA Journal 55, no. 2 (2015): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj14121.

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Australia’s oil and gas resources are becoming more unconventional, and the workforce management approaches to exploit these resources must also become more unconventional. The shift from conventional to unconventional resource plays, beginning with coal seam gas and now including shale resources, has had a major impact on every aspect of the upstream process. This entails the delivery of upstream gas capacity and on-going gas delivery for thousands of wells across several years, which is much more like a manufacturing process rather than one-off projects—compared to conventional gas where only a few wells are drilled per year. Perfecting the gas factory concept is still in its early days in Australia, with more focus remaining on the work than the workforce. As equipment and infrastructure support the work to be delivered, culture and workforce structures (organisational structures, performance plans and people strategies, etc) support the workforce that will execute the work. The ability to establish a factory-like culture will drive a workforce with a manufacturing mindset and if supported by the right workforce structures will encourage behaviour needed to be successful in the manufacturing environment. The companies and suppliers that are able to reinvent themselves as manufacturers, both in what they do and how they think, will realise the highest returns. This extended abstract explores the changes needed in workforce structures through examples in oil and gas (shale developments and coal bed methane, etc), manufacturing drawing lessons and insights for Australia’s growing unconventional oil and gas sectors.
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Nair, Rajesh R. "Developing unconventional oil and gas resources in South Asia." Journal of Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources 6 (June 2014): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.juogr.2013.12.003.

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Zhou, Rongji, Jianguang Wei, Anlun Wang, Xiaofeng Zhou, and Sh Kh Sultanov. "IoT-ENHANCED SHALE OIL AND GAS GREEN DEVELOPMENT: STATUS AND FUTURE." Petroleum Engineering 22, no. 4 (2024): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/ngdelo-2024-4-207-215.

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Shale oil and gas, deemed as vital alternative resources to conventional oil and gas, have spurred significant interest in information-based exploration and development technologies within the industry in recent years [1]. China boasts extensive shale oil and gas reserves, with the International Energy Agency (EIA) estimating China's shale oil technology capable of extracting approximately 4.393 billion tonnes, ranking third globally. Additionally, China holds shale gas geological resources of about 134.4 trillion cubic meters, ranking first worldwide, showcasing immense development potential. Shale oil and gas, being unconventional resources, are distributed within the pore and fracture systems of organic-rich shale formations. Compared to conventional oil and gas, shale oil and gas exhibit weaker trap control and stronger distribution continuity, typically characterized by poor reservoir physical properties. Conventional extraction methods often struggle to yield industrial oil and gas flow from shale oil and gas resources, necessitating unconventional development technologies such as reservoir monitoring, directional wells, horizontal wells, and segmental fracturing [2]. However, these technologies come with challenges and risks, including complex production operations, high production data density, and environmental concerns such as surface ecological damage and pollutant emissions, further impacting shale oil and gas production. To facilitate the upgrading process of China's shale oil and gas industry, this paper presents the current status of Internet of Things (IoT) application technologies for shale oil and gas development and proposes a research outlook based on the concept of green development. Against the backdrop of energy transformation, it offers a reference framework for the sustainable development of China's extensive shale oil and gas resources.
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Rostovshchikov, V. B., I. V. Kurta, Ya S. Sbitneva, and I. V. Kolokolova. "Problems of unconventional hydrocarbons sources on the example of the domanikites of the Timan-Pechora oil and gas province." E3S Web of Conferences 266 (2021): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126601004.

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The first industrial oil in the Timan-Pechora oil and gas province was obtained in 1929. By now more than 230 hydrocarbon deposits have been explored in the Province. A significant part of these deposits is under development. At the same time, the originally explored total resources have been developed in terms of oil only by 50%, in terms of gas - by about 30%. The remaining unexplored part of the initial total resources is forecast to be located in difficult unconventional bedding conditions, in particular, in the domaniсites of the Upper Devonian period. The so-called shale oil and gas are associated with them. The forecasting, exploration, and development of oil and gas deposits in the domaniсites require new methodological and technological solutions. The article discusses the problems of unconventional hydrocarbon development using the example of the domaniсites of the Timan-Pechora oil and gas Province.
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Piragine, Milagros Arengo, Satya Shah, and Alec Coutroubis. "Study of Potentials and Challenges in Unconventional Oil and Gas Industry: An Argentinian Case Study." MATEC Web of Conferences 210 (2018): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821002007.

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The aim of this paper is to analyse literature studies towards the potential of Vaca Muerta Field in the Neuquén Basin, its current development situation and the country’s and Oil & Gas Industry background. Argentina is the second largest country in South America, which highly depends on its service and agricultural industries, been one of the major exporters of beef and soybean products. Strongly dependent on hydrocarbons, which account for 86.1% of its energy consumption, the country lost energy self-sufficiency in 2007, when it became a net importer of oil and gas. Concerns around the world about future shortages of energy were partially alleviated by the developments of commercially feasible techniques to extract oil and gas from unconventional resources, which are hard to extract due to the low porosity of the generating rock. Argentina turned to be the third and fourth larger holder of technically recoverable unconventional gas and oil respectively, mainly in the Neuquén Basin, were the second largest unconventional formation worldwide is located: Vaca Muerta is considered a world class resource, especially for its size, hydrocarbons content and thickness. It has been developed for seven years, achieving increasing production of oil and gas and improvements regarding costs, time and resources invested. As a conclusion, Argentina has vast and high-quality hydrocarbon reserves, what represents a huge opportunity for the country to recover energy self-sufficiency and its exporter position. New technologies and techniques are improving times and costs involved in the extraction of unconventional hydrocarbons in the country. In addition, the new government is taking action to improve reliability and encourage investments. All these should enhance Vaca Muerta’s development.
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McMillan, Don. "Gauging the confidence in publicly reported oil and gas reserves: introducing the Reserves Confidence Metric (RCM)." APPEA Journal 57, no. 1 (2017): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj16050.

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Confidence in publicly disclosed reserves and resources is critical to the investment community and the reputation of the oil and gas industry. This paper introduces a commonly utilised industry concept for reviewing reserve estimates in a format that non-professionals can use with confidence. Surveys (McMillan 2014) have indicated a perception that the Society of Petroleum Engineers – Petroleum Resources Management System (SPE-PRMS) lacks consistency and repeatability and treats conventional and unconventional resources differently. This is discussed in detail in this paper, along with an explanation of the confusion caused by these differences. The oil and gas industry is still endeavouring to understand how to treat unconventional resource estimations and this paper endeavours to capture areas of contention and risks in relation to reported reserves. Reserves Confidence Metric (RCM) is presented as a method for rating confidence in publicly disclosed reserves. RCM, which is derived from the reserves to production ratio, can be used for any reserves standard or guideline. It is a simple metric, which any organisation or individual with limited knowledge of reserves can apply to identify reserves that require further information or should be used with caution. As an example, RCM is applied to Queensland’s publicly disclosed 2P reserves for all conventional and unconventional Coal Seam Gas (CSG) resources.
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Birky, Alicia K., John D. Maples, James S. Moore, and Philip D. Patterson. "Future World Oil Prices and the Potential for New Transportation Fuels." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1738, no. 1 (2000): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1738-11.

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World petroleum demand is projected to continue increasing after the world enters the 21st century. The Energy Information Administration (EIA) forecasts low world oil prices for the indefinite future despite an expected 54 percent rise in consumption by the year 2020. In its reference case, EIA also assumes an 80 percent increase in Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) oil production over the same time period. In contrast to this, a popular world oil market projection model demonstrates that OPEC could increase its production profitability significantly by substantially slowing the rate of its expanded production. However, OPEC’s potential market control also is influenced by the prospective availability of fuels produced from natural gas, especially remote unconventional natural gas resources. The unconventional natural gas resource is potentially enormous compared with all other fossil fuels combined. Considerations of energy security, greenhouse gas curtailment, emissions control, and cost will act to dictate widespread production and use of these unconventional reserves. Estimates are provided for the amount of alternatives that might be available at various oil prices. Because of cost considerations, much of this added production is likely to occur outside the United States.
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Cai, Jianchao, Zhien Zhang, Qinjun Kang, and Harpreet Singh. "Recent Advances in Flow and Transport Properties of Unconventional Reservoirs." Energies 12, no. 10 (2019): 1865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12101865.

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As a major supplement to conventional fossil fuels, unconventional oil and gas resources have received significant attention across the globe. However, significant challenges need to be overcome in order to economically develop these resources, and new technologies based on a fundamental understanding of flow and transport processes in unconventional reservoirs are the key. This special issue collects a series of recent studies focused on the application of novel technologies and theories in unconventional reservoirs, covering the fields of petrophysical characterization, hydraulic fracturing, fluid transport physics, enhanced oil recovery, and geothermal energy.
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Liu, Zhe, Qun Lei, Dingwei Weng, et al. "A Powerful Prediction Framework of Fracture Parameters for Hydraulic Fracturing Incorporating eXtreme Gradient Boosting and Bayesian Optimization." Energies 16, no. 23 (2023): 7890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16237890.

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In the last decade, low-quality unconventional oil and gas resources have become the primary source for domestic oil and gas storage and production, and hydraulic fracturing has become a crucial method for modifying unconventional reservoirs. This paper puts forward a framework for predicting hydraulic fracture parameters. It combines eXtreme Gradient Boosting and Bayesian optimization to explore data-driven machine learning techniques in fracture simulation models. Analyzing fracture propagation through mathematical models can be both time-consuming and costly under conventional conditions. In this study, we predicted the physical parameters and three-dimensional morphology of fractures across multiple time series. The physical parameters encompass fracture width, pressure, proppant concentration, and inflow capacity. Our results demonstrate that the fusion model applied can significantly improve fracture morphology prediction accuracy, exceeding 0.95, while simultaneously reducing computation time. This method enhances standard numerical calculation techniques used for predicting hydraulic fracturing while encouraging research on the extraction of unconventional oil and gas resources.
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Arciniega-Esparza, Saúl, Antonio Hernández-Espriú, and Michael H. Young. "Implications of unconventional oil and gas development on groundwater resources." Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health 27 (June 2022): 100346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2022.100346.

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29

Sidortsov, Roman V. "Vemont." Texas Wesleyan Law Review 19, no. 2 (2013): 613–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/twlr.v19.i2.31.

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This Article opens with a discussion of the Vermont Natural Gas and Oil Conservation Act. In this section, the Act's statutory purposes, its main features and themes, and the role of the Vermont Natural Gas and Oil Resources Board are considered. The Act is examined in comparison to the 2004 Model Oil and Gas Conservation Act. The second part of this Article is devoted to H. 464. In this section, the potential for developing unconventional oil and gas resources in Vermont is discussed, along with H. 464's legislative history and key provisions.
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30

Li, Pei Zhu, and Xiao Guang Zhao. "Summary and Overview of Development Technologies of Unconventional Oil and Gas Reservoir." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 1280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.1280.

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Conventional reservoirs and unconventional reservoirs differ a lot in terms of accumulation mechanism, distribution, exploration evaluation method and technique. Therefore the accumulation study and exploration evaluation for unconventional reservoir are different from that of traditional reservoir. This paper presents five development techniques of unconventional oil and gas resources, their features, advantages and disadvantages and summarizes the current advanced technologies and their development trends.
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Cai, Bo, Yun Hong Ding, Hua Shen, Zhou Qi Cui, and Chun Ming He. "Hydraulic Fracturing Technology in Oil and Gas Development." Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (June 2014): 560–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.560.

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Fracturing as a method to stimulate shallow, hard rock oil wells dates back to the 1860s. The first hydraulic fracturing technology was applied in the US states of Pennsylvania, New York, Kentucky in 1947. Hydraulic fracture was formed by pumping the fracturing fluid into the wellbore at a sufficient rate to increase downhole pressure to exceed that of the pressure gradient of the rock. In this paper, a few key techniques including hydraulic fracturing for the development of oil and gas resources were introduced. It has become a common technique to enhance the production of low-permeability formations, especially unconventional reservoirs such as tight sands, coal beds, and deep shales. Therefore hydraulic fracturing has been considered as “killer mace” for development of unconventional hydrocarbon resources in the world.
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Chen, Jia He. "Status of the Development and Application of Oil Sand." Advanced Materials Research 562-564 (August 2012): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.562-564.367.

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Oil and natural gas are important energy and chemical raw materials, its resources are gradually reduced. With the rapid development of the global economy, the conventional oil resources can’t meet the rapid growth of oil demand, people began turning to unconventional oil resources, one of which is the oil sands. Oil sands is unconventional oil resources, if its proven reserves are converted into oil, it will be much larger than the world's proven oil reserves. Canadian oil sands reserves stand ahead in the world, followed by the former Soviet Union, Venezuela, the United States and China. However, due to its special properties, different mining and processing technology, and higher mining costs compared with conventional oil, the research of oil sands makes slow progress. At present, due to the rising of world oil price, oil sands mining technology have attracted more and more attention, and have developed a lot.
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Gregory, Kelvin, and Arvind Murali Mohan. "Current perspective on produced water management challenges during hydraulic fracturing for oil and gas recovery." Environmental Chemistry 12, no. 3 (2015): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en15001.

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Environmental context There is growing worldwide interest in the production of oil and gas from deep, shale formations following advances in the technical expertise to exploit these resources such as hydraulic fracturing (fracking). The potential widespread application of hydraulic fracturing has raised concerns over deleterious environmental impacts on fragile water resources. We discuss the environmental management challenges faced by the oil and gas industry, and the opportunities for innovation in the industry. Abstract The need for cheap and readily available energy and chemical feedstock, and the desire for energy independence have spurred worldwide interest in the development of unconventional oil and gas resources; in particular, the production of oil and gas from shale formations. Although these resources have been known for a long time, the technical expertise and market forces that enable economical development has coincided over the last 15 years. The amalgamation of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing have enabled favourable economics for development of fossil energy from these unconventional reservoirs, but their potential widespread application has raised concerns over deleterious environmental impacts on fragile water resources. The environmental management challenges faced by the oil and gas industry arise from local water availability and infrastructure for treating and disposing of the high-strength wastewater that is produced. Although there are significant challenges, these create opportunities for innovation in the industry.
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Kim, Jong-Hyun, and Yong-Gil Lee. "Learning Curve, Change in Industrial Environment, and Dynamics of Production Activities in Unconventional Energy Resources." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (2018): 3322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093322.

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Since 2007, shale oil and gas production in the United States has become a significant portion of the global fossil fuel market. The main cause for the increase in production of shale oil and gas in the US is the adoption of new production technologies, namely, horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. However, the production cost of shale oil and gas in the US is comparably higher than the production cost of conventional oil and gas. In 2014, the crude oil and natural gas price decreased significantly to approximately 40 dollars per barrel, and natural gas prices decreased to 3 dollars per million British thermal unit, and thus the productivity and financial conditions for the exploration and production of shale oil and natural gas for producers in the United States have worsened critically. Therefore, technological innovation has become one of the most interesting issues of the energy industry. The present study analyzes the trends in technological innovation having a relationship with production activities. This study calculates the learning rate of 30 companies from the petroleum exploration and production industry in the United States using an improved learning rate calculation formula that reflects the changes in the oil production ratio. Thus, more statistically confident calculation results and interpretations of strategic production activities with regard to changes in the industrial environment were achieved in this study.
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35

Fu, Li, Henglin Yang, Chunlong He, et al. "Research on the Temperature Field Distribution Characteristics of Bottomhole PDC Bits during the Efficient Development of Unconventional Oil and Gas in Long Horizontal Wells." Processes 12, no. 6 (2024): 1268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12061268.

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Unconventional tight oil and gas resources, including shale oil and gas, have become the main focus for increasing reserves and production. The safe and efficient development of unconventional oil and gas is a crucial demand for the energy development strategy. Deep tight oil and gas resource development generally adopts horizontal well drilling methods. During drilling, especially in long horizontal sections, the high temperature frequently causes failures of downhole drilling tools and rotary steering tools. The temperature rises sharply during rock breaking with the drill bit. Existing wellbore heat transfer models do not fully consider the impact of heat generated by the drill bit on the wellbore temperature field. This paper aims to experimentally study the temperature rise law of the cutting tooth of the bottom polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit during rock breaking. A set of evaluation devices was developed to study the temperature field distribution characteristics at the bottom of the PDC bit during rock breaking under different experimental conditions. The results indicate that the flow rate of drilling fluid, bit rotation speed, and weight on bit (WOB) significantly affect the distribution of the temperature field at the well bottom. This experimental research on the temperature field distribution characteristics at the bottom of the PDC bit during rock breaking helps reveal the heat transfer characteristics of the long horizontal section wellbore, guide the optimization of drilling parameters, and develop temperature control methods. It is of great significance for the advancement of efficient development technologies for unconventional resources in long horizontal wells.
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Liu, Xiao Lan, Jian Gang Liu, and Hong Bo Niu. "Feasibility Study on Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Drilling Equipment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 318 (May 2013): 519–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.318.519.

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Some novel drilling technology has promoted the exploration of unconventional oil and gas resources greatly, such as gas drilling, long horizontal section well drilling and so on. As special matter, Supercritical carbon dioxide has many useful characteristic. For example, relative higher gravity like water, lower viscosity like gas and wonderful crude oil displacement characteristics, these could play some important role if being used in exploration of unconventional oil and gas. Therefore, the feasibility study of supercritical carbon dioxide drilling technology and equipment matching plan are discussed in this article to make the preliminary studies and preparation of related technology. On the basis of a lot of research and study, This paper carries out a feasibility study of supercritical carbon dioxide drilling equipment.
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37

Meng, Mianmo, Wenming Ji, and Guodong Cui. "High-Efficient Exploration and Development of Oil & Gas from Ocean—2nd Edition." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 13, no. 3 (2025): 588. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13030588.

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38

Chew, Kenneth J. "The future of oil: unconventional fossil fuels." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 372, no. 2006 (2014): 20120324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0324.

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Unconventional fossil hydrocarbons fall into two categories: resource plays and conversion-sourced hydrocarbons. Resource plays involve the production of accumulations of solid, liquid or gaseous hydro-carbons that have been generated over geological time from organic matter in source rocks. The character of these hydrocarbons may have been modified subsequently, especially in the case of solids and extra-heavy liquids. These unconventional hydrocarbons therefore comprise accumulations of hydrocarbons that are trapped in an unconventional manner and/or whose economic exploitation requires complex and technically advanced production methods. This review focuses primarily on unconventional liquid hydro-carbons. The future potential of unconventional gas, especially shale gas, is also discussed, as it is revolutionizing the energy outlook in North America and elsewhere.
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39

Mel’nikov, P. N., A. I. Varlamov, N. K. Fortunatova, et al. "Results of Quantitative Estimation of Unconventional Oil Resources of the Russian Federation." Russian Geology and Geophysics 65, no. 1 (2024): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/rgg20234679.

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Abstract —The estimation results of the initial total unconventional resources of hydrocarbon in Domanik type sediments, the Khadum and Bazhenov formations are provided. The reasonability of estimating hydrocarbon resources in these deposits by the volumetric method is substantiated. The stratigraphic interval of their distribution is given. The technique of oil and gas geological zoning based on the mapping of structural and facies zones, the degree of catagenetic transformation of organic matter, and the boundary values of the thickness of carbonaceous rocks in the section is described. The criteria for the allocation of pay intervals that make up the effective part of the section are determined. The choice of parameters such as porosity coefficient, oil recovery coefficient, oil saturation coefficient, correction factor and oil density is justified. For each complex of deposits, adjustments related to the features of the geological structure of the estimation targets, the conditions of their occurrence and the degree of geological and geophysical study have been introduced into the estimation of total geological resources. The volumes of total geological and recoverable resources of unconventional hydrocarbon sources for the Volga– Ural, Timan–Pechora, Black Sea–North Caucasus, West Siberian and Lena–Tunguska oil and gas provinces are given. The conducted research has rationalized extensive resources, the recovery of which can compensate for the decrease in oil volumes from traditional deposits.
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Xiao, Xiao Ling, Jia Li Cui, Yu Peng Zhang, Xiang Zhang, and Han Wu. "Classification of Tight Sandstone Reservoir Based on the Conventional Logging." Applied Mechanics and Materials 633-634 (September 2014): 526–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.633-634.526.

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With the increasing social demand for oil and gas resources, the exploration and development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs will pay more and more attention. Tight sandstone reservoir classification is one of the important tasks in the research of unconventional oil and gas exploration and development.Limitations exist in tight sandstone reservoir classification by various conventional logging.A method for the classification of tight sandstone reservoir based on support vector machine is presented in this paper, combining with the core data and flow unit to establish the reservoir classification standard. Tight sandstone reservoirs of no coring wells are classified based on the model made by support vector machine using conventional logging.The application results show that this method has high suitability and identification accuracy.
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41

Ziyue, Guan. "Research and Application of Horizontal Well Volumetric Fracturing Technology." Journal of Engineering System 2, no. 1 (2024): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.62517/jes.202402105.

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As an innovative technology in the current development of oil and gas fields, horizontal well volume fracturing technology plays a decisive role in the development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. By injecting high-pressure cracking fluid into the formation, this technology causes rock fracture to form a complex fracture network, greatly expanding the flow path of oil and gas from the reservoir to the wellhead, and effectively improving the oil and gas recovery. The scientific principle behind horizontal well volumetric fracturing technology is deeply discussed, and the key technical parameters of the technology are analyzed in detail, such as the property of fracturing fluid, the formation and propagation of fractures, and the precise control of fracturing operation. At the same time, the technical challenges and environmental risks encountered in the actual operation of horizontal well volume fracturing technology are discussed, and specific countermeasures and optimization methods are put forward. Through the analysis of several examples, the significant effects of horizontal well volume fracturing technology in improving the development efficiency and reducing the development cost of unconventional oil and gas fields are demonstrated, and its future application prospect and development direction are prospected, emphasizing the importance of continuous technological innovation in realizing the efficient development of unconventional resources.
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42

Chen, Feiyu, Linghui Sun, Boyu Jiang, et al. "A Review of AI Applications in Unconventional Oil and Gas Exploration and Development." Energies 18, no. 2 (2025): 391. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18020391.

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The development of unconventional oil and gas resources is becoming increasingly challenging, with artificial intelligence (AI) emerging as a key technology driving technological advancement and industrial upgrading in this field. This paper systematically reviews the current applications and development trends of AI in unconventional oil and gas exploration and development, covering major research achievements in geological exploration; reservoir engineering; production forecasting; hydraulic fracturing; enhanced oil recovery; and health, safety, and environment management. This paper reviews how deep learning helps predict gas distribution and classify rock types. It also explains how machine learning improves reservoir simulation and history matching. Additionally, we discuss the use of LSTM and DNN models in production forecasting, showing how AI has progressed from early experiments to fully integrated solutions. However, challenges such as data quality, model generalization, and interpretability remain significant. Based on existing work, this paper proposes the following future research directions: establishing standardized data sharing and labeling systems; integrating domain knowledge with engineering mechanisms; and advancing interpretable modeling and transfer learning techniques. With next-generation intelligent systems, AI will further improve efficiency and sustainability in unconventional oil and gas development.
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43

Sloan, Garth, and Bruno Courme. "Why partner with a major oil and gas company for unconventional resources ventures in Australia?" APPEA Journal 52, no. 2 (2012): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj11061.

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With the increased activity in exploiting unconventional resources (CSG, shale gas, and shale oil) during the past few years in Australia, it has become increasingly common to see partnerships develop between small- and mid-cap Australian companies and major companies from the international oil and gas industry. Unconventional plays are usually large in areal extent and complex to interpret and develop; it becomes a daunting task for the smaller partner to progress alone. Some obscure benefits of this relationship can help the smaller Australian partner. The obvious advantages brought to the table by the major companies: Finance to fund projects and to give them credibility. Project management skills: critical skills are expensive and hard to find. Complete range of competencies in exploration, development, midstream, marketing, and product manufacturing. Existing business relationships: long-term supplier relationships and global purchasing power. Familiarity and experience of working in unconventional reservoirs. The obscure benefits that the major companies bring to the table: A highly trained unconventional resources team who know what data to gather and how to gather and interpret it correctly. Proprietary laboratories with highly trained personnel and advanced equipment. Large research and development teams who study technology and methodology changes. Well-vetted HSE programs with qualified teams. A public relations team to deal with public acceptance, education, and communications. The combined benefits are highly beneficial to the project.
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44

Wang, Yong. "Prestack P-Wave Anisotropy Characteristic Analysis in EDA Media." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 4647–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.4647.

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With the rapid development of China's national economy, oil and gas development and utilization of resources is also increasing, dwindling reserves of conventional oil and gas reservoirs. These inevitably lead to oil and gas exploration direction shifted gradually from shallow depth, by a conventional steering reservoir unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, fractured reservoirs will become the focus of the current oil and gas exploration areas. This paper studied the basic theory of fractured media, from the speed and the amplitude of pre-stack anisotropic characteristics are analyzed theoretically. Researches of these basic theories of EDA media provide a basis for the exploration of the fractured reservoirs.
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45

Li, Yongyi, Xiaogui Miao, Shoudong Huo, Jianwei Ma, and Danping Cao. "Introduction to this special section: Exploration geophysics in China." Leading Edge 38, no. 8 (2019): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle38080596.1.

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China ranks second and third in global oil and natural gas consumption, and fifth and sixth in global oil and natural gas production, respectively ( U.S. EIA, 2018 ). In the past 25 years, China's oil consumption has increased 3.5 times, and natural gas consumption is rising rapidly as well. China is increasing its investment in the petroleum industry, with a goal of significantly expanding domestic oil and gas production. Complex geology, rough surface conditions, and the need to explore deep targets, unconventional resources, and offshore reservoirs pose great challenges to geophysical exploration. Geophysical technologies in China thus have advanced significantly in data acquisition, processing, and interpretation. To demonstrate the development and applications of geophysical technologies in the exploration, development, and production of oil and gas resources, we invited academic and industry experts to present recent studies on exploration geophysics in China.
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46

Hall, Lisa, Tony Hill, Liuqi Wang, et al. "Unconventional gas prospectivity of the Cooper Basin." APPEA Journal 55, no. 2 (2015): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj14063.

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The Cooper Basin is an Upper Carboniferous–Middle Triassic intracratonic basin in northeast SA and southwest Queensland. The basin is Australia's premier onshore hydrocarbon-producing province and is nationally significant due to its provision of domestic gas for the east coast gas market. Exploration activity in the region has recently expanded with numerous explorers pursuing newly identified unconventional hydrocarbon plays. While conventional gas and oil prospects can usually be identified by 3D seismic, the definition and extent of the undiscovered unconventional gas resources in the basin remain poorly understood. This extended abstract reviews the hydrocarbon prospectivity of the Cooper Basin with a focus on unconventional gas resources. Regional basin architecture, characterised through source rock distribution and quality, demonstrates the abundance of viable source rocks across the basin. Petroleum system modelling, incorporating new compositional kinetics, source quality and total organic carbon (TOC) map, highlight the variability in burial, thermal and hydrocarbon generation histories between depocentres. The study documents the extent of a number of unconventional gas play types, including the extensive basin-centred and tight gas accumulations in the Gidgealpa Group, deep-dry coal gas associated with the Patchawarra and Toolachee formations, as well as the less extensive shale gas plays in the Murteree and Roseneath shales.
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47

Al-Shuhail, Abdullatif, Youcef Bouzidi, Saleh Al-Dossary, and Yongyi Li. "Introduction to this special section: Middle East." Leading Edge 39, no. 6 (2020): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle39060381.1.

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The Middle East is one of the world's most prolific regions in terms of petroleum reserves and production. It accounts for one-third of global oil production, one-sixth of gas production, about half of proved oil reserves, and two-fifths of proved gas reserves. Recent discoveries of unconventional resources have added even more reserves to the area's vast resources. Historically, many of the conventional fields in the Middle East were discovered by using conventional geophysical exploration methods. The continuing search for conventional and unconventional reservoirs has led to a rapid advancement of geophysical technologies in data acquisition, processing, and interpretation. These advanced technologies are aimed at solving region-specific challenges in defining the complexity of the near surface and subsurface. This is evidenced by the increasing activities in the development and application of new geophysical technologies in the exploration, development, and production of petroleum resources.
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Bujok, Petr, Martin Klempa, Petr Skupien, Dalibor Matýsek, and Michal Porzer. "Potential Unconventional Gas Plays in the Mature Basin of the Czech Republic." GeoScience Engineering 62, no. 4 (2016): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gse-2016-0026.

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Abstract The presence of unconventional resources has been proven in deeper parts of mature oil and gas provinces and coal basins of the world. In this context, it is worth to focus also on the prospects of unconventional gas production from within hydrocarbon provinces of the Moravian part of the Vienna basin. The estimation of hydrocarbon generation potential of Jurasic marls from the Mikulov Formation of the Czech part of the Vienna Basin was performed based on the Rock Eval pyrolysis.
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49

Hernández-Méndez, Beatriz, Miguel Balcázar, Arturo Ángeles Carranza, et al. "Environmental radiological baseline in unconventional oil and gas areas of Mexico." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 199, no. 18 (2023): 2189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncad257.

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Abstract Environmental radioactivity study was performed in unconventional hydrocarbons areas for the first time in Mexico, where four unconventional hydrocarbon exploratory wells (UHEW) are planned. This study assesses natural radiological conditions in areas around UHEW. Equivalent dose rate distribution displayed in Geographic Information System (GIS) had a maximum of 1.83 mSv a−1 and minimum of 0.04 mSv a−1, GIS was also used for introducing land usage, water resources and population occupancy. Measurements of gross alpha and gross beta in water were below the national permissible limits for drinking water 0.5 and 1.0 Bq L−1 respectively, even though samples do not correspond to drinking water. Evaluation of 238U and 226Ra in groundwater were below minimum detectable concentration 1.3 and 1.0 Bq L−1, respectively. This study provides a radiological baseline for the impact of future industrial activities, especially if exploitation of unconventional hydrocarbons produces naturally occurring radioactive material.
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Wang, Shubin, Ju'e Guo, Jinzhao Shi, and Zihan Liu. "DEVELOPING UNCONVENTIONAL OIL AND GAS RESOURCES IN CHINA: A CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 14, no. 8 (2015): 1791–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2015.191.

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