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1
Poenicke, Andreas. "Unconventional Superconductivity near Inhomogeneities." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://digbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/volltexte/1000007522.
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Scaffidi, Thomas. "Unconventional superconductivity in strontium ruthenate." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:af08bf3f-3934-48f1-89af-a897948172fb.
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In this thesis, a weak coupling formalism is developed to study superconductivity in spin-orbit coupled, multi-orbital systems. This formalism is then applied to Sr2RuO4, one of the few candidates for odd-parity superconductivity. We show that spin-orbit coupling and multi-band effects are crucial to understand the physics of this material. Depending on the interaction parameters, the order parameter can either be chiral or helical. In both cases, the gap is highly anisotropic, and has accidental deep minima along certain directions, in accordance with experiments. Focusing then on the chiral case, we show that the total Chern number is -7 instead of the usually assumed +1. This leads to drastically different predictions for the thermal and charge Hall conductances. In particular, we show that the absence of measurable charge edge currents is not incompatible with a chiral state. Finally, we study the evolution of superconductivity in Sr2RuO4 under ?100? uniaxial strain. We find a good agreement with experiments for our prediction of Tc as a function of strain. Furthermore, we find that (1) the absence of a measurable cusp of Tc at zero strain is not incompatible with a chiral state and that (2) there could be a transition to an even-parity state at larger strain close to a Van Hove singularity. We propose Hc,2/Tc2 c as a measurable quantity to identify this transition.
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Wu, Beilun. "Unconventional superconductivity in the ferromagnetic superconductor UCoGe." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY010/document.
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Cette thèse discute essentiellement sur le champ critique supérieur du supraconducteur ferromagnétique UCoGe. La conductivité thermique et d'autres méthodes expérimentales ont été utilisées pour confirmer les nombreux comportements particuliers de Hc2 dans UCoGe, précédemment observés dans des études de résistivité. Ces caractéristiques, y compris une anisotropie forte et des courbures anormales, ne peuvent pas être interprétées en termes de théories classiques pour Hc2. Au lieu de cela, un phénomène spécifique aux supraconducteurs ferromagnétiques - la dépendance en champ de l'interaction d'appariement doit être considéré. Nous montrons que cet effet peut être analysé de façon cohérente avec des propriétés de la phase normales et peut être aussi comparé quantitativement avec une théorie existante. Ceci conduit à une clarification nette pour le cas de H//c dans UCoGe, et explique en même temps le comportement différent de Hc2 dans UCoGe et URhGe. Ces résultats soutiennent fortement l'origine magnétique de la supraconductivité dans ces systèmes. Pour H//b, nous montrons que certaines observations expérimentales convergentes suggèrent un possible changement d'état supraconducteur induit par le champ magnétique transversal dans UCoGe. Indépendamment du reste de l'étude, le dernier chapitre présente quelques résultats expérimentaux sur la phase normale de UCoGe et sur l'autre système de fermions lourds UBe13This thesis mainly discuss the upper critical field of the ferromagnetic superconductor UCoGe.Thermal conductivity and other experimental methods have been used to confirm the numerous particularbehaviors of Hc2 in UCoGe, previously observed in resistivity studies. These features, including the stronganisotropy and the anomalous curvatures, cannot be interpreted in terms of classical theories for Hc2.Instead, a phenomenon specific to the ferromagnetic superconductors - the field dependence of the pairinginteraction, needs to be considered. We show that this effect can be consistently analyzed with normalphase properties, and is quantitatively compared with existing theory. This leads to a net clarificationfor the case of H//c in UCoGe, and at the same timeexplains the different behavior of Hc2 in UCoGe and URhGe. These resultsstrongly support the magnetic origin of superconductivity in these systems. For H//b, we showconvergent experimental observations that suggest a possible change of the superconducting state inducedby the transverse magnetic field in UCoGe. Independent from the rest of the study, the last chapter presents someexperimental results on the normal phase of UCoGe and on the other heavy-fermion system UBe13
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Ko, Yuen Ting. "Search for unconventional superconductivity in transition metal compounds." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609099.
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汪琳力 and Linli Wang. "Supercurrents across unconventional superconducting junctions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31226814.
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Wang, Linli. "Supercurrents across unconventional superconducting junctions /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23540321.
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Freye, Dominik Matthias. "The border of antiferromagnetism in CeIn₃ : possible unconventional superconductivity." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627256.
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Naritsuka, Masahiro. "Controlling unconventional superconductivity in artificially engineered heavy-fermion superlattices." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253073.
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Curran, Peter John. "Vortex phenomena in unconventional superconductors." Thesis, University of Bath, 2013. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.601640.
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Unconventional superconductors are those which are not described by the BCS theory, and for which no known theoretical description currently exists. The careful study of the behaviour of superconducting vortices in such systems yields crucial insights into the underlying physics of these exciting materials. This thesis describes a series of magnetometry experiments conducted on three different unconventional superconductors: Sr2RuO4, MgB2 and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+; utilising two techniques: Scanning Hall probe microscopy and magneto-optical imaging. An exotic p-wave chiral order parameter is thought to exist in Sr2RuO4 and is expected to produce several identifiable magnetic signatures. A search for these signals via scanning Hall probe measurements failed to detect any such signatures, but did capture a structural transition of the vortex lattice that is consistent with the proposed chiral order parameter. Studies of several samples also suggest that the vortex behaviour is strongly modified with even tiny amounts of disorder, a conclusion that has important consequences for interpretations of vortex patterns in Sr2RuO4. Several recent experiments have reported vortex configurations consistent with a competing short-range repulsion and long-range attraction in the intervortex interaction in MgB2 single crystals. We observe the spontaneous formation of vortex chains and labyrinths in a 160nm MgB2 thin-film that are suggestive of a non-monotonic vortex interaction, but perhaps more indicative of an intermediate-range attraction in harness with short and long-range repulsions. The suitability of seven potential mechanisms of vortex attraction in MgB2 are reviewed in light of the unusually short electronic mean-free path of our sample. Finally, magneto-optical imaging has been used to study the penetration of flux into regular polygon-shaped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+ platelets with various geometries. The variation of HP with geometry qualitatively contradicts conventional estimates of demagnetisation factors based on equivalent ellipsoids using inscribed circles. This work has important implications for the estimation of appropriate effective demagnetisation factors in arbitrarily shaped superconducting bodies.
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Li, Qunqing. "Vortex physics of unconventional superconductors Ginzburg-Lindau theory /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22424817.
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李群慶 and Qunqing Li. "Vortex physics of unconventional superconductors: Ginzburg-Lindau theory." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31242017.
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Bintley, D. "Unconventional superconductivity studied by the de Haas van Alphen effect." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399936.
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Forestano, Roy Thomas. "Unconventional Superconductivity Mediated by the Higgs Amplitude Mode in Itinerant Ferromagnets:." Thesis, Boston College, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:109170.
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Thesis advisor: Kevin BedellOver 20 years ago, Blagoev et. al. predicted an s-wave pairing instability in a ferromagnetic Fermi liquid (FFL) as a consequence of spin fluctuations [5]. Shortly after, it was discovered that, when magnetic interactions in the ferromagnetic superconductor UGe2 dominate, quasiparticles with parallel spin form pairs in odd-parity orbitals; i.e., a form of spin-triplet p-wave superconductivity emerges, in contrast to Blagoev et. al.'s prediction [6]. In this work, we return to this issue by introducing the effects of a gapped amplitude (or "Higgs") mode on the vertex corrections and subsequent form of Cooper pairing. As the Higgs mode only propagates in the presence of a finite spin current, such an amplitude mode results in strong momentum-dependence in the many-body vertex. This results in the emergence of an unconventional form of superconductivity mediated by unconventional low-energy modes in a weak itinerant ferromagnet
Thesis (BS) — Boston College, 2021
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Scholar of the College
Discipline: Physics
Discipline: Mathematics
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Shylin, Sergii [Verfasser]. "Conventional and unconventional superconductivity in chalcogenides under high pressure / Sergii Shylin." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1132365147/34.
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Leriche, Raphaël. "Unconventional superconductivity in quasi-2D materials with strong spin-orbit coupling." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS577.
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La réalisation de supraconducteurs topologiques constitue un des principaux enjeux actuels de la physique de la matière condensée. Il a en effet été prédit que ces systèmes devaient abriter des fermions de Majorana. Ces fermions de Majorana disposent à la fois d’une statistique non-abélienne et, du fait de leur origine topologique, d’une robustesse face au désordre local, ce qui les rend très attrayants pour des applications en informatique quantique. Une approche susceptible de conduire à de la supraconductivité topologique consiste à considérer des systèmes supraconducteurs à fort couplage spin-orbite et brisant la symétrie d’inversion. C’est dans cette optique que, dans le cadre de cette thèse, j’ai effectué des mesures de microscopie et spectroscopie par effet tunnel sur des matériaux quasi-bidimensionnels : (LaSe)1,14(NbSe2)2 et Sr2IrO4.J’ai tout d’abord étudié les propriétés électroniques du matériau incommensurable (LaSe)1,14(NbSe2)2, proche parent du composé dichalcogénure de métaux de transition 2HNbSe2. (LaSe)1,14(NbSe2)2 est une hétérostructure faite d’alternances de biplans NbSe2 à géométrie prismatique trigonale et de biplans de LaSe avec une structure de sel de roche. Le fort couplage spin-orbite ainsi que la non-centrosymétrie présents dans les plans NbSe2 font de (LaSe)1,14(NbSe2)2 un potentiel candidat pour de la supraconductivité topologique. Dans cette thèse, je présente des résultats de spectroscopie montrant que la structure électronique de (LaSe)1,14(NbSe2)2 est similaire à celle de la monocouche de NbSe2 avec un dopage de type électron accompagné par un déplacement du potentiel chimique de 0,3 eV, jusqu’alors inégalé. J’ai également pu démontrer la nature quasi–bidimensionnelle de (LaSe)1,14(NbSe2)2 et notamment la présence d’un fort couplage spin-orbite de type Ising. De plus, la faible robustesse de la supraconductivité vis à vis du désordre non magnétique couplée à des mesures d’interférences de quasiparticules m’a permis de mettre en avant le caractère non conventionnel du paramètre d’ordre supraconducteur dans (LaSe)1,14(NbSe2)2. Cette étude permet d’envisager l’utilisationd’hétérostructures incommensurables telles que (LaSe)1,14(NbSe2)2 pour explorer la physique des dichalcogénures de métaux de transition dans la limite bidimensionnelle, pour laquelle de nombreuses études théoriques ont prédit une supraconductivité topologique. Dans cette thèse, je présente également une étude des effets du dopage sur les propriétés électroniques de l’oxyde d’iridium Sr2IrO4. Sr2IrO4 est un isolant de Mott non conventionnel puisqu’il doit cette propriété à la présence d’un fort couplage spin-orbite. Du fait d’une brisure locale de la symétrie d’inversion, certaines prédictions théoriques ont pu montrer que Sr2IrO4 devrait devenir un supraconducteur topologique une fois dopé. Ici, je montre qu’avec le dopage, Sr2IrO4 subit une transition de phase inhomogène à l’échelle nanométrique entre un état isolant de Mott et un état pseudo-métallique. Ce travail justifie la pertinence d’utiliser une sonde locale telle que le microscope à effet tunnel afin de venir compléter des résultats sur la physique de Mott obtenus par des méthodes intégratives comme la spectroscopie électronique résolue en angleThe realization of topological superconductors is one of the main current goals of condensed matter physics. It was indeed predicted that such systems should host Majorana fermions. These Majorana fermions possess both a non-Abelian statistics and, because of their topological origin, a certain robustness against local disorder, which makes them attractive for quantum computing applications. One approach likely to lead to topological superconductivity consists in considering superconducting systems with strong spin-orbit coupling and with broken inversion symmetry. It is in this framework that, during this thesis, I performed scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy measurements on quasi-2D materials : (LaSe)1,14(NbSe2)2 and Sr2IrO4. I first studied the electronic properties of misfit compound LaNb2Se5, which is a parent of transition metal dichalcogenide 2H-NbSe2. (LaSe)1,14(NbSe2)2 is a heterostructure made out of alternations of NbSe2 bilayers with trigonal prismatic geometry and LaSe bilayers with rocksalt structure. (LaSe)1,14(NbSe2)2 is a potential candidate for topological superconductivity because of the presence of both a strong spin-orbit coupling and of broken inversion symmetry in NbSe2 planes. Here, I present spectroscopic results showing that the electronic structure of(LaSe)1,14(NbSe2)2 is very similar to the one of electron-doped monolayer NbSe2 with a shift of the chemical potential of 0,3 eV, priorly never reached. I could also demonstrate the quasi- 2D nature of (LaSe)1,14(NbSe2)2 and more particularly the presence of a strong Ising spinorbit coupling. Moreover, the observed weakness of superconductivity against non-magnetic disorder combined with quasiparticle interferences measurements allowed me to exhibit the unconventional nature of (LaSe)1,14(NbSe2)2 superconducting order parameter. This study opens the possibility to use misfit heterostructures such as (LaSe)1,14(NbSe2)2 to study thephysics of transition metal dichalcogenides in the 2D limit, for which many theoretical studies predict topological superconductivity. In this thesis, I also present a study on the effects of doping on the electronic properties of iridate compound Sr2IrO4. Sr2IrO4 is a spin-orbit induced Mott insulator. Because inversion symmetry is locally broken in Sr2IrO4, some theoretical predictions suggest that Sr2IrO4 should turn into a topological superconductor once doped. Here, I exhibit a nanometer-scaleinhomogeneous doping-driven Mott insulator to pseudo-metallic phase transition. This work further justifies the importance of using a local probe such as scanning tunnelling microscopy in order to complete results on Mott physics obtained by integrative methods like angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
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Killiches, Susanne Judith. "SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN A 2D SEMICONDUCTOR SYSTEM WITH UNCONVENTIONAL PAIRING SYMMETRY: INTER-BAND PAIRING." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1164129248.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Kent State University, 2006.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed July 9, 2007). Advisor: Khandker Quader. Keywords: superconductor-insulator-transition, semiconductor. Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-70).
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Pearson, Emma Elizabeth. "The search for unconventional superconductivity in heavy fermion Ytterbium compounds at high pressure." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613761.
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Campanini, Donato. "Nanocalorimetry of electronic phase transitions in systems with unconventional superconductivity and magnetic ordering." Licentiate thesis, Stockholms universitet, Fysikum, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-116202.
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In this thesis, low temperature specific heat measurements on small (μg) single crystals of different superconducting and magnetic systems are presented. The device used in this work features a combination of high sensitivity and good accuracy over the temperature range 1-400 K and allows measurements in high magnetic fields. It consists of a stack of thin films deposited in the center of a Si3N4 membrane. A batch process for the production of up to 48 calorimeters from a 2" silicon wafer was developed in order to overcome the scarcity of devices and allow systematic investigations. With abundance of calorimeters, single crystals of three different systems were studied. Fe2P is the parent compound of a broad family of magnetocaloric materials. The first-order para- to ferromagnetic phase transition at TC = 216 K was investigated for fields H up to 2 T, applied parallel and perpendicular to the easy axis of magnetization c. Strikingly different phase contours were obtained depending on the field direction. In particular, for H perpendicular to c, two different ferromagnetic phases, with magnetization parallel and perpendicular to c are found. It was also possible to observe the superheating/supercooling states, the latent heat, and the structural change associated to the first-order transition. BaFe2(As1-xPx)2 is a member of the recently discovered iron-based high-temperature superconductors family. Crystals with three different compositions were measured to study the doping dependence of the superconducting properties in the overdoped regime (x > 0.30). The electronic specific heat at low temperatures was analyzed with a two band α model, which allows to extract the gap amplitudes and their weights. The degree of gap anisotropy was investigated from in-field measurements. Additional information on the system was obtained by a combined analysis of the condensation energy and upper critical field. URu2Si2, a heavy fermion material, was studied around and above the hidden-order temperature THO = 17.5 K. The origin of the hidden-order phase is still not understood. High-resolution specific heat data were collected to help clarify if any pseudogap state is seen to exist above THO. We found no evidence for any bulk phase transition above THO.
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Ivan, Kostylev. "Uniaxial-Strain Control of Nematic Superconductivity in SrxBi2Se3." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/245307.
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Gomes, Niladri, and Niladri Gomes. "Superconductivity in Strongly Correlated Quarter Filled Systems." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625678.
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The objective of this thesis is to reach theoretical understanding of the unusual relationship between charge-ordering and superconductivity in correlated-electron systems. The competition between these broken symmetries and magnetism in the cuprate high temperature superconductors has been extensively discussed, but exists also in many other correlated-electron superconductors, including quasi-two-dimensional organic charge-transfer solids. It has been suggested that the same attractive interaction is responsible for both charge-order and superconductivity. We propose that the specific interaction is the
tendency in correlated-electron systems to form spin-singlet bonds, which is strongly enhanced at the commensurate carrier density p of ½ a charge carrier per site, characteristic of all superconducting charge-transfer solids. To probe superconductivity driven by electron correlations, a necessary condition is that electron-electron interactions enhance superconducting pair-pair correlations, relative to the non-interacting limit. We have performed state of the art numerical calculations on the two-dimensional Hubbard model on different triangular lattices, as well as other lattices corresponding to K-BEDT-TTF based organic charge transfer solids, for the complete range of carrier densities per site p (0 ≤ p ≤ 1). We have shown that pair-pair correlation for each cluster is enhanced by electron-electron interaction only for p ≃ 0.5, far away from the density range thought to be important for superconductivity. Although initial focus is on charge-transfer solids, the results of the research will impact the field of correlated electrons as a whole. We believe our calculations will provide fundamental and fresh insight to the theory of superconductivity in strongly correlated systems.
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Singh, Yogesh Pratap. "Quantum Criticality and Unconventional Properties of Heavy Fermion Superconductor Ce1-xYbxCoIn5." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1437492491.
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Bastien, Gaël. "Interplay between magnetic quantum criticality, Fermi surface and unconventional superconductivity in UCoGe, URhGe and URu2Si2." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY005/document.
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Cette thèse montre de nouveaux résultats sur les supraconducteurs ferromagnétiques UCoGe et URhGe et sur l’ordre caché dans URu2Si2. Le diagramme de phase pression température d’UCoGe a été étudié jusqu’à 10.5 GPa. L’ordre ferromagnétique subsiste jusqu’à la pression critique pc≈1 GPa et la supraconductivité non conventionnelle jusqu’à p = 4 GPa. Les fluctuations magnétiques responsables de la supraconductivité peuvent être réduites par l’application d’un champ magnétique. Les surfaces de Fermi d’UCoGe et d’URhGe ont été mesurées grace aux oscillations quantiques. Quatre poches ont été détectées dans UCoGe, elles subissent une succession de transition de Lifshitz de la surface de Fermi sous champ magnétique. Les poches détectés évoluent continument avec la pression jusqu’à 2.5 GPa, sans montrer de reconstruction de la surface de Fermi à la pression critique pc. Dans URhGe, trois poches lourdes de la surface de Fermi ont aussi été découvertes. Enfin dans la phase d’ordre caché d’URu2Si2, les oscillations quantiques ont révélé une forte anisotropie du facteur gyromagnétique g pour deux poches de la surface de Fermi, qui est comparable à l’anisotropie macroscopique. Cette dernière a été étudiée à partir du champcritique supérieur de la supraconductivitéThis thesis is concentrated on the ferromagnetic superconductors UCoGe and URhGe andon the hidden order state in URu2Si2. In the first part the pressure temperature phase diagram of UCoGe was studied up to 10.5 GPa. Ferromagnetism vanishes at the critical pressure pc≈1 GPa. Unconventional superconductivity and non Fermi liquid behavior can be observed in a broad pressure range around pc. The superconducting upper critical field properties were explained by the suppression of the magnetic fluctuations under field. In the second part the Fermi surfaces of UCoGe and URhGe were investigated by quantum oscillations. In UCoGe four Fermi surface pockets were observed. Under magnetic field successive Lifshitz transitions of the Fermi surface have been detected. The observed Fermi surface pockets in UCoGe evolve smoothly with pressure up to 2.5 GPa and do not show any Fermi surface reconstruction at the critical pressure pc. In URhGe, three heavy Fermi surface pockets were detected by quantum oscillations. In the last part the quantum oscillation study in the hidden order state of URu2Si2 shows a strong g factor anisotropy for two Fermi surface pockets, which is compared to the macroscopic g factor anisotropy extractedfrom the upper critical field study
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Ikeda, Atsutoshi. "Unconventional properties of the antiperovskite oxide superconductor Sr₃-xSnO and a related compound." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253070.
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Lorscher, Christopher. "Novel properties of ferromagnetic p-wave superconductors." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2014. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6310.
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This thesis investigates the many extraordinary physical properties of the candidate p-wave ferromagnetic superconductors UCoGe and URhGe, and proposes theoretical predictions for p-wave superconductors yet to be discovered. In particular, we carry out angular dependent quantum field theoretical calculations of the thermodynamic H - T phase diagram known as the upper critical field, or more appropriately for ferromagnetic superconductors the upper critical induction, for various p-wave superconducting order parameter symmetries including: The axial Anderson-Brinkman-Morel(ABM) state, the chiral Scharnberg-Klemm (SK) state, and the completely broken symmetry polar state (CBS), as well as for some other states with partially broken symmetry (PBS) superconducting order parameter symmetries. The most notable contribution of the work presented in this thesis is the application of the Klemm-Clem transformations to analytically calculate the full angular and temperature dependencies of the upper critical field for orthorhombic materials, which may prove to be useful to experimentalists in identifying these exotic states of matter experimentally. Second, this work formulates a double spin-split ellipsoidal Fermi surface (FS) model for ferromagnetic superconductors in the normal state, which introduces a field dependence to the effective mass in one crystallographic direction on the dominant Fermi surface and to the chemical potential, and is subsequently applied to the normal state of URhGe to explain theoretically the anomalous specific heat data of Aoki and Flouquet. Extension of this work to understanding the still elusive reentrant high-field superconducting phase of URhGe and the S-shaped upper critical field curve for external magnetic field parallel to the b-axis direction inUCoGe is discussed. Third, this work also presents theoretical fits to the upper critical field data of Kittika et al. for Sr2RuO4 using the helical p-wave states and including Pauli limiting effects of the three components of the triplet pair-spin fixed to the highly conducting layers by strong spin-orbit coupling.Ph.D.
Doctorate
Physics
Sciences
Physics
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Peronaci, Francesco. "Transient dynamics of unconventional superconductors: d-wave symmetry and strong correlations." Doctoral thesis, SISSA, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11767/4916.
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This thesis is about unconventional superconductors out of equilibrium.
More precisely, it summarizes our theoretical efforts in addressing a few questions related to the real-time evolution in models displaying unconventional superconductivity.
Apart from the purely theoretical interest, the motivation for these studies comes from the recent achievement in the field of ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopy on correlated materials, such as the high-temperature copper-oxide superconductors. The task of describing such systems in nonequilibrium is a very difficult one. In this thesis
we attack the problem from two different points of view:
• the anisotropic unconventional d-wave symmetry,
• the strong electron-electron correlations.
The thesis is organized as follows:
The first part introduces the basic concepts which lay at the foundation of the work presented in the other two parts. In Chapter 1, the
concept of unconventional superconductivity is briefly introduced.
This mainly includes the high-temperature copper-oxide superconductors and their phenomenology: d-wave symmetry of the super-
conducting gap and strong electron-electron interaction. Chapter 2
is devoted to a review of the recent experimental advances in the
field of ultrafast spectroscopy of high temperature superconductors
and correlated materials, with a particular focus on time- and angle-
resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Finally, Chapter 3 is a short
review of some works in the field of cold-atom Fermi gases.
In the second part we address the physics of the d-wave superconductor after a sudden excitation. First, in Chapter 4 we introduce
in some detail a model of mean-field superconductor with a d-wave
symmetry. The principal feature of this model is the anisotropy of
the gap and the nodal lines along which the gap vanishes. The results
concerning the dynamics of the gap after a “quantum quench” are
exposed in Chapter 5 where we compare our model to the s-wave
superconductor. This comparison allows to identify the consequences
of the unconventional symmetry. In Chapter 6 we discuss the spectral features of the transient nonequilibrium state of the d-wave superconductor. This is particularly important to move a first step towards
photoemission experiments.
In the third part we concentrate on the attractive Hubbard model
as a prototype of strongly correlated superconductor. In Chapter 8
we discuss the superconducting state at equilibrium with the use of
dynamical mean-field theory. In Chapter 9 we discuss the extension of this technique to systems out of equilibrium. In particular it is described the implementation in the superconducting phase. At the end of the thesis two appendices give some details of the calculations.
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Phan, Van Nham. "Valence transition and superconductivity in the extended periodic Anderson model." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1242199965571-88317.
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In this thesis, an extended periodic Anderson model with an additional local Coulomb repulsion U f c between localized f electrons and conduction electrons is investigated by use of the projector-based renormalization method (PRM). First, it is shown that the model in one dimension shows a valence transition, which becomes sharper, when the energy of the f level approaches the Fermi level. The transition becomes also enhanced, when the hybridization V between the localized and conduction electrons decreases, for the case that the total number of electrons is fixed. In the two-dimensional case, one finds a similar valence transition behavior. However, in the valence transition regime also a superconducting phase may occur. To investigate this phase, we start from an Hamiltonian which includes small gauge symmetry breaking fields. We derive renormalization equations, from which the superconducting pairing functions are self-consistently determined. Our analytical and numerical results show that d- wave superconductivity becomes dominant in the valence transition regime. This confirms the suggestion by Miyake that valence fluctuations may lead to superconductivity in the Ce based heavy-fermion systems under high pressureIn dieser Arbeit wird mit Hilfe der projektiven Renormierungsmethode (PRM) ein erweitertes periodische Anderson Modell untersucht, das zusätzlich eine Coulomb-Abstoßung zwischen den lokalisierten f-Elektronen und den Leitungselektronen enthält. In einer Dimension zeigt das Modell einen Valenzübergang, wenn sich die Energie des f-Niveaus der Fermienergie nähert. Der Übergang wird ebenfalls schärfer, wenn bei festgehaltener Gesamtelektronenzahl die Hybridisierung V zwischen den lokalisierten und den Leitungselekronen abnimmt. In zwei Dimensionen findet man ein ähnliches Valenzübergangsverhalten. Allerdings kann zusätzlich eine supraleitende Phase im Valenzübergangsgebiet auftreten. Um die supraleitende Phase zu untersuchen, betrachten wir einen Hamiltonoperator mit kleinen zusätzlichen Feldern, die die Eichsymmetrie brechen. Wir leiten Renormierungsgleichungen her, aus denen sich die supraleitenden Paarfunktionen selbstkonsistent bestimmen lassen. Unsere analytischen und numerischen Resultate zeigen, dass im Valenzübergangsgebiet d-Wellen-Supraleitung dominiert. Dies bestätigt eine Vermutung von Miyake, dass Valenzfluktuationen in Ce-basierten Schwerfermionensystemen bei hohen Drücken zur Supraleitung führen können
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Hsu, Yu-Te. "Unconventional Fermi surface in insulating SmB6 and superconducting YBa2Cu3O6+x probed by high magnetic fields." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/280314.
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Fermi surface, the locus in momentum space of gapless low-energy excitations, is a concept of fundamental importance in solid state physics. Electronic properties of a material are determined by the long-lived low-energy excitations near the Fermi surface. Conventionally, Fermi surface is understood as a property exclusive to a metallic state, contoured by electronic bands crossed by the Fermi level, although there has been a continuing effort in searching for Fermi surface outside the conventional description. In this thesis, techniques developed to prepare high-quality single crystals of SmB$_6$ and YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{6+x}$ (abbreviated as YBCO$_{6+x}$ hereinafter) are described. By utilising measurement techniques of exceptional sensitivity and exploring a wide range of temperatures, magnetic fields, and electrical currents, we found signatures of unconventional Fermi surfaces beyond the traditional description in these strongly correlated electronic systems. SmB$_6$ is a classic example of Kondo insulators whose insulating behaviour arises due to strong correlation between the itinerant $d$-electrons and localised $f$-electrons. The peculiar resistivity plateau onsets below 4 K has been a decades-long puzzle whose origin has been recently proposed as the manifestation of topological conducting surface states. We found that the insulating behaviour in electrical transport is robust against magnetic fields up to 45 T, while prominent quantum oscillations in magnetisation are observed above 10 T. Angular dependence of the quantum oscillations revealed a three-dimensional characteristics with an absolute amplitude consistent with a bulk origin, and temperature dependence showed a surprising departure from the conventional Lifshitz-Kosevich formalism. Complementary thermodynamic measurements showed results consistent with a Fermi surface originating from neutral itinerant low-energy excitations at low temperatures. Theoretical proposals of the unconventional ground state uncovered by our measurements in SmB$_6$ are discussed. YBCO$_{6+x}$ is a high-temperature superconductor with a maximum $T_{\rm c}$ of 93.5 K and the cleanest member in the family of copper-oxide, or {\it cuprate}, superconductors. The correct description of electronic ground state in the enigmatic pseudogap regime, where the antinodal density of states are suppressed below a characteristic temperature $T^*$ above $T_{\rm c}$, has been a subject of active debates. While the quantum oscillations observed in underdoped YBCO$_{6+x}$ have been predominately interpreted as a property of the normal state where the superconducting parameter is completely suppressed at $\approx$ 23 T, we made the discovery that YBCO$_{6.55}$ exhibits zero resistivity up to 45 T when a low electrical current is used, consistent with the observation of a hysteresis loop in magnetisation. Quantum oscillations in the underdoped YBCO$_{6+x}$ are thus seen to coexist with $d$-wave superconductivity. Characteristics of the quantum oscillations are consistent with an isolated Fermi pocket reconstructed by a charge density wave order parameter and unaccompanied by significant background density of states, suggesting the antinodal density of states is completely gapped out by a strong order parameter involving pairing correlations, potentially in addition to the other order parameters. Transport measurements performed over a wide doping range show signatures consistent with pairing correlations that persist up to the pseudogap temperature $T^*$. The surprising observation of quantum oscillations in insulating SmB$_6$ and superconducting YBCO$_{6+x}$ demonstrates a possible new paradigm of a Fermi surface without a conventional Fermi liquid. A new theoretical framework outside the realm of Fermi liquid theory may be needed to discuss the physics in these strongly correlated materials with enticing electronic properties.
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Platt, Christian Verfasser], and Werner [Akademischer Betreuer] [Hanke. "A Common Thread in Unconventional Superconductivity: The Functional Renormalization Group in Multi-Band Systems / Christian Platt. Betreuer: Werner Hanke." Würzburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Würzburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1037076257/34.
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Fink, Mario [Verfasser], Ronny [Gutachter] Thomale, and Björn [Gutachter] Trauzettel. "Unconventional and topological superconductivity in correlated non-centrosymmetric systems with spin-orbit coupling / Mario Fink ; Gutachter: Ronny Thomale, Björn Trauzettel." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1175881767/34.
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Dupre, Olivier. "Spectroscopie optique au sub-THz et au sub-Kelvin de supraconducteurs." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAY033/document.
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Dans le cadre de ma thèse, j’ai étudié des supraconducteurs par une nouvelle technique de spectroscopie optique. Cette technique, inspirée de détecteurs de photons utilisés en astrophysique, permet de faire des mesures de 0 à 300 GHz, avec une résolution de ~1 GHz, à une température de ~100 mK. Les supraconducteurs étudiés sont lithographiés sous la forme de résonateurs pour devenir des détecteurs de photons dont leur fréquence de résonance varie en fonction de leur densité superfluide. Au cours de cette thèse, j’ai fabriqué et étudié des résonateurs à partir de différents matériaux supraconducteurs (en couches minces). La dimensionnalité joue un rôle essentiel dans la supraconductivité. A priori, en deux dimensions un système ne devrait pas être supraconducteur mais il existe de nombreux contre-exemples (monocouche de FeSe, interface d’oxydes,…). Dans ce contexte l’aluminium est particulièrement intéressant car le mécanisme supraconducteur est conventionnel (couplage électron-phonon) et que l’on peut faire varier son épaisseur (couches minces) et sa microstructure (aluminium granulaire) relativement facilement. La thèse se compose de deux parties.Dans une première partie je me suis intéressé à l’influence de l’épaisseur sur la supraconductivité de couches minces d’aluminium (de 15nm à 200nm). Dans la majorité des matériaux supraconducteurs, la température critique diminue avec l’épaisseur alors que dans certains matériaux, comme dans l’aluminium, elle augmente. Différentes théories existent pour expliquer ce phénomène mais il n’existe actuellement aucun consensus. Par des techniques combinées de spectroscopie à forte résolution et de résistivité, j’essaye d’apporter un éclairage nouveau à l’augmentation de la température critique dans l’aluminium lors de la diminution de l’épaisseur. J’interprète ce phénomène comme étant lié à un durcissement des phonons, ce qui ne constitue pas une explication habituellement citée.Dans une deuxième partie, on présente des supraconducteurs désordonnés, à savoir l’oxyde d’indium (InOx) et l’aluminium granulaire (GrAl). Dans ces matériaux, on a mis en évidence des excitations sous le gap supraconducteur par des mesures de spectroscopie optique. Ces excitations, dont l’origine est discutée, sont a priori inattendues dans les supraconducteurs conventionnels.Ainsi, on a mis en évidence dans des résonateurs d’oxyde d’indium la détection très sélective en énergie de photons ayant une énergie très inférieure au gap supraconducteur. On explique le mécanisme de détection en démontrant qu’il est lié à l’excitation des modes de résonance d’ordre supérieur, associée à la non linéarité de l’inductance cinétique avec le courant circulant dans le résonateur.Dans l’aluminium granulaire, on a étudié certaines excitations sous le gap supraconducteur dans deux échantillons de résistivité différente. Une antenne radio-fréquences placée devant le cryostat illumine les résonateurs. On choisit un résonateur quelconque et on sélectionne la fréquence des photons délivrés par l'antenne de telle sorte qu'elle corresponde aux différentes excitations que l'on souhaite étudier. On s'intéresse alors à l'influence de la puissance des photons incidents sur l’évolution de la résonance. On met en évidence des comportements non standards de la fréquence de résonance ainsi que du facteur de qualité, selon les excitations étudiéesDuring my PhD-thesis, I studied superconductors thanks to a new optical spectroscopy measurements technique, based on photon detectors for astrophysics. This technique enables measurements ranging from 0 to 300 GHz with a resolution of ~1 GHz at a temperature of ~100 mK. The superconductors are lithographed into resonators whose resonance frequency depends on the superfluid density. During this thesis, I made and studied resonators from different superconducting materials in thin films.Dimensionality plays a fundamental role in superconductors. In principle, in two dimensions a system should not be superconducting but there are a lot of counterexamples like single layer of FeSe or oxide interfaces. In this context, aluminum is particularly interesting for mainly two reasons. First, the superconducting mechanism is conventional : it consists in an electron-phonon coupling. Then, it is pretty easy to modify its thickness (thin films) and its microstructure (granular aluminum).The manuscript is composed of two parts.In the first part, I studied the role played by the thickness on the superconductivity of aluminum thin films, ranging from 15 nm to 200 nm. In most superconductors, the critical temperature decreases with thickness, whereas in some materials like aluminum, it increases. Several theories may explain this phenomenon but there is currently no consensus. Thanks to combined techniques of high resolution optical spectroscopy and of resistivity measurements, I suggest that the origin of the critical temperature increase in aluminum thin films would be phonon hardening. This explanation is not among the popular ones.In the second part, we present disordered superconductors, namely indium oxide (InOx) and granular aluminum (GrAl). In these materials, we evidenced sub-gap optical absorptions. In principle, these absorptions are unexpected in superconductors. We show that they are caused by higher order resonance mode excitations combined with kinetic inductance non-linearity with the current circulating in the resonator.In granular aluminum, we studied some sub-gap excitations in two samples with a different room temperature resistivity. A radio-frequency antenna situated in front of the dilution refrigerator illuminates the resonators. We choose a resonator and we select the photon frequency in such a way that it matches with the different studied excitations. We observe the influence of the incident photon power on the resonance. We evidence non standard behaviors of resonance frequency and quality factor, according to the studied excitations
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Velazquez, Orlando Cigarroa. "Estudo da supercondutividade nos sistemas intermetálicos não-centrossimétricos de composição YCo1-xC2 e Lu1-xThxNiC2." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/97/97135/tde-25022016-095616/.
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Recentemente, os compostos não-centrossimétricos têm sido intensamente estudados devido à grande variedade de comportamentos magnéticos, os quais são induzidos pela ausência de centro de simetria na sua estrutura cristalográfica. Esta assimetria induz uma modificação na estrutura de bandas, causando um acoplamento spin-orbita antissimétrico quem é responsável por mecanismos de interação magnética inusuais. A supercondutividade em este tipo de compostos apresenta propriedades que divergem do comportamento esperado pela teoria BCS. Neste trabalho será apresentado um estudo sobre a investigação de supercondutividade em dois sistemas ternários, Y-Co-C e Lu-Ni-C particularmente nos compostos YCo1-xC2 e Lu1-xThNiC2. Estes compostos cristalizam na estrutura CeNiC2 de simetria ortorrômbica é do grupo espacial 38 Amm2 que não possui centro de inversão. As técnicas de caracterização usadas neste trabalho incluem medidas de magnetização, resistividade e calor especifico como funções da temperatura, assim como magnetização como função do campo magnético aplicado. O composto YCo0.7C2 é supercondutor com Tc = 4 K e exibe um comportamento que diverge da teoria BCS. As medidas realizadas neste trabalho sugerem que este material é um forte candidato como supercondutor não convencional, onde poderia existir uma mistura de contribuições nos canais singleto e tripleto. No caso do sistema Lu1-xThxNiC2 os resultados preliminares indicam claramente supercondutividade nos compostos dopados com Th, onde a composição Lu0.6Th0.4NiC2 apresenta uma Tc= 8 K.In recent years, non-centrosymmetric compounds have attracted a great interest because of their wealth variety of topical behaviors, induced by the lack of the inversion center on the crystallographic structure. This asymmetry leads to a strong modification in the band structures, causing an antisymmetric spin-orbit coupling which is responsible for unusual magnetic interaction mechanisms. Superconductivity in compounds whose crystal structure lacks inversion symmetry are known to display intriguing properties that deviate from conventional BCS superconducting behavior. Here we report the analysis of the ternary systems Y-Co-C and Lu-Ni-C, We focused our analysis in the intermetallic compounds YCo1-xC2 and Lu1-xThxNiC2. Magnetization, resistivity, and heat capacity measurements on polycrystalline samples of noncentrosymmetric YCo0.7C2, showing clear evidence of bulk superconductivity with a critical temperature of Tc =4 K. Interestingly the specific heat of the superconducting state deviates from conventional exponential temperature dependence, which is suggestive of possible unconventional superconducting behavior in YCo0.7C2, similar to that seen in the isostructural and isoelectronic superconductor LaNiC2. Besides, these results strongly suggest that this material is a strong candidate of multiband superconductivity. In the case of the system Lu1- xThxNiC2 our results showed a clear superconducting signal in the Th doped samples, where the composition Lu0.6Th0.4NiC2 has a Tc= 8 K.
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Nakamine, Genki. "Superconducting Spin Susceptibility of Ute₂." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263450.
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Barraclough, Jack Matthew. "Electrical transport properties of URhGe and BiPd at very low temperature." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6327.
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URhGe has garnered interest recently as one of the few known ferromagnetic superconductors. The superconductivity in this material appears to arise from magnetic fluctuations rather than phonons, and take a triplet form which is remarkably resistant to field. In this thesis, a number of measurements on the material are presented. Some probe the Fermiology, with strong evidence appearing for a model which as both light open sheets and heavy, small, closed pockets. The open sheets, associated with chains of real-space electron density running along the b axis, dominate the conductivity in most circumstances. Evidence for their existence arises from the general large and non-saturating magnetoresistance, and from the unusual observation of negative temperature coefficient of resistance at high fields. The closed pockets have provided a few Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations, but mostly they remain inferred from the high specific heat γ and their role in the magnetism. In order to better probe the superconductivity, a high precision low noise DC resistance measurement bridge was built using a SQUID. Along with conventional measurements, this provides evidence that the two pockets of superconductivity on the phase diagram are the same phase. The re-entrance an be understood simply as a result of magnetic field being a tuning parameter, but also suppressing bulk superconductivity through orbital limiting. The SQUID bridge allowed the detection of domain wall superconductivity linking up these two pockets. The SQUID bridge was also used to study the highly structured superconducting transition in BiPd. This material lacks inversion symmetry in its crystal structure, so is a good candidate for unusual forms of superconductivity. Here again non-bulk superconductivity is considered the most likely cause for the structure. Unusual and distinctive IV curves have been measured, and a simple model of inhomogeneous conductivity channels with different critical currents is proposed as an explanation.
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Kiesel, Maximilian Ludwig [Verfasser], and Werner [Akademischer Betreuer] Hanke. "Unconventional Superconductivity in Cuprates, Cobaltates and Graphene: What is Universal and what is Material-Dependent in strongly versus weakly Correlated Materials? / Maximilian Ludwig Kiesel. Betreuer: Werner Hanke." Würzburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Würzburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1031630856/34.
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Nag, Pranab Kumar. "Unusual electronic properties in LiFeAs probed by low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-231628.
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In this thesis, the electronic properties in superconducting LiFeAs single crystal are investigated using low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/S) at various temperatures. For this purpose, the differential conductance (dI/dV) measured by STS which is directly proportional to the local density of states (LDOS) of the sample to the sub-atomic precision, is used together with the topography information. The dI/dV spectra within the ±1 V energy range reveal a characteristic feature at around -350 mV to -400 mV in stoichiometric LiFeAs. This feature seems to be a universal property among all the Fe-based high temperature superconductors, because it is also found in Fe0.965Se1.035 and NaFe0.975Co0.025As single crystals at the energy of -210 mV and -200 mV, respectively.
The temperature dependent spectroscopy data averaged over a spatially fixed clean area of 2 nm × 2 nm are successfully executed between 5 K and 20 K. The two distinct superconducting phases with critical temperatures Tc = 16 K and 18 K are observed. In addition, the distance between the dip position outside the superconducting gap and the superconducting coherence peak in the spectra remains temperature independent which confirms that it is not connected to an antiferromagnetic (AFM) spin resonance. The temperature dependent spectra have been measured between 5 K and 61 K within the energy range of ±100 mV as well. The hump structure at 42 mV tends to disappear around 60 K from unknown origin.
The temperature dependent quasiparticle interference (QPI) has been studied within the temperature range between 6.7 K and 25 K and analyzed by the Fourier transformation of the measured spectroscopic maps. The dispersion plots in momentum space as a function of temperature show an enhancement of QPI intensity (±5.5 mV) within the superconducting gap at the Fermi level at 6.7 K near q ~ 0. This is interpreted on the basis of Andreev bound state. In both polarities outside of this, a depletion of QPI intensity is noticed between 5.5 mV and around 9 mV. At positive energies, the QPI intensity becomes very rich above 9 mV. The size of the enhanced QPI intensity near the Fermi level, and the edge of the rich QPI intensity beyond 9 mV are found to behave like superconducting order parameter with rising of temperature.
Furthermore, an energy mode peaked at around 14 mV appears in the integrated QPI intensity below superconducting Tc (6.7 K). This is consistent with the observed peak at 1st derivative of the dI/dV spectra. In both of these cases, such 14 mV peak is suppressed at normal state (25 K). This mode is therefore directly related to superconductivity in LiFeAs. The off-stoichiometric LiFeAs single crystal with superconducting Tc of 6.5 K has a 10 mV rigid band shift of the Fermi level towards electron doping. The absence of the rich QPI intensity between 9 mV and 17 mV is found compared to the stoichiometric LiFeAs, and hence the 14 mV mode is absent here. This brings us to conclude once more time that such 14 mV energy mode is relevant for superconductivity in LiFeAs.
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GALASSO, SARA. "Generalization of the Eliashberg equations and Density Functional Theory applied to the analysis of the fundamental properties of iron-based superconductors." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2596360.
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Density Functional Theory (DFT) allows a fully ab-initio treatment of almost all the quantities that enter in the Eliashberg theory and in many other approaches used to study both the superconducting and the normal phase. A complete description from first principles of real materials is, al least in principle, possible.
Here DFT and Eliashberg theory are applied to the study of some members of the new family of superconductors discovered in 2008, the iron-compounds.
Superconductivity here is unconventional and unlikely mediated by phonons. When electronic mechanisms are involved and the properties of the compounds are more complex, as in the case of Fe-based superconductors, also the ab-initio treatment may require some reasonable ad hoc approximations, derived from experimental evidences or theoretical argumentations, introducing some phenomenological aspects in the formulation.
In this thesis, Eliashberg theory and DFT are applied to study the properties of some iron compounds, in particular the properties of LiFeAs and Co-doped Ba-122 are discussed both in the normal and in the superconducting state.
In order to unveil the the properties of the superconducting state, in particular the symmetry and the amplitude of the order parameter and the coupling mechanism, a four bands Eliashberg model is discussed for LiFeAs suggesting that the specific electronic structure of this peculiar compound may lead to the breakdown of the Migdal's theorem forcing the model to be phenomenological".
The relation between the topology of the Fermi surface and the presence of nodes
is studied in Point-contact Andreev-reflection spectra of Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2 (both
thin fims and single crystals) and Ca(Fe1-xCox)2As2. The curves presented are fitted within the multiband 3D-BTK model that allows the inclusion of the real shape of the Fermi surface evaluated within DFT.
Thanks to the inclusion of the results obtained within the Eliashberg theory in the 2D-BTK model some additional structures due to the strong electron-boson interaction, that appear at energy higher than the amplitude of the gaps in some AR spectra, can be studied and some guesses about the nature of the superconducting mechanism can be made. This technique is here applied to the case of Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2 thin films with x = 0.08.
Finally, as concern the normal state, the temperature dependence of resistivity is reproduced both in LiFeAs and Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2 with a model that contains two different kind of carriers. For both compounds spin fluctuations play an important role also in the normal state in addition to being the main bosons that mediate the Cooper pairing and in both compound the transport coupling
constant results to be sensibly smaller than the superconducting one, suggesting
a way to find a unifying principle for HTCS.
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Entwisle, Oliver John. "Study of magnetic fluctuations and ordering in uranium compounds by heat capacity and neutron scattering measurements." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33143.
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URhGe is the first ferromagnet discovered that shows superconductivity at ambient pressure. It shows a rich temperature-magnetic field phase diagram with a re-emergence of superconductivity at high magnetic field where the moments rotate. This suggests that the quantum fluctuations associated with the moment rotation may provide the pairing interaction for superconductivity. The objective of this thesis was to study these critical fluctuations with inelastic neutron scattering and heat capacity measurements, using the latter to test the bulk nature of the superconductivity and determine the types of gap nodes to help test this hypothesis. To perform the heat capacity measurements, it was necessary to develop an apparatus that measures milligram samples in the temperature range 50-1000 mK, and magnetic field range 0-12 T. The field exerts a mechanical force upon the sample, which causes it to rotate, perturbing the system destructively. The apparatus developed in this thesis overcomes this diffculty by holding the sample with tensioned kevlar wires. Testing was done by making measurements on UPt3, a well characterised superconductor. It was then used to measure URhGe in zero magnetic field. The extension to measurements in high magnetic field were not performed however, due to the structural integrity of the apparatus being weak - this was in an attempt to reduce the thermodynamic signature of the background. After many iterations of apparatus design and build, the device was proved not appropriate for high fields. A discussion of the zero-field data, as well as the design and build process, is given. The Curie temperature of URhGe is suppressed with magnetic field (applied along the b-axis), reaching zero temperature at the moment rotation transition referred to above. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) was measured at both zero and finite fields to detect the evolution and relaxation of the critical fluctuations. The scattering is inelastic and the SANS measurement integrates over energy. Nevertheless it was possible to compare models with different dynamical dependences for the magnetic relaxation. In field, however, the magnitude of the fluctuations was strongly reduced, falling below the detection limit at half the critical field. Comparing Landau damping to various forms of non-Landau damping, a result was found that agrees with that for the ferromagnetic superconductors UGe2 and UCoGe, but the lack of critical scattering at field is found to be in contradiction with NMR measurements, which is discussed. UAu2 is a new material on the heavy fermion landscape. The crystal structure found suggests some frustrated magnetism, culminating in a Neél temperature of 43 K and a further transition at 400 mK; this suggests some new quantum criticality not seen before, and so heat capacity measurements were performed with the already-tested apparatus to see if, as the resistivity measurements suggest, a Fermi-liquid state is found. Results revealed differences between annealed and non-annealed samples in their thermodynamic signature, and the behaviour expected for antiferromagnetic spin-fluctuations is found to continue to temperatures below 150 mK, suggesting the existence of a quantum critical point. The validity of these results along with implications are discussed.
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Michal, Vincent P. "Zeeman effects in heavy electron superconductors." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENY043/document.
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Comprendre les propriétés des composés à électrons fortement corrélés nouvellement découverts est un important défi à la fois pour des raisons fondamentales et un impact industriel à long terme. Une activité expérimentale sur les métaux et supraconducteurs à électrons lourds a mis en évidence des effets qui se démarquent clairement de notre compréhension actuelle. Le but de cette thèse est de modéliser les effets de spin spéciaux qui ont été observés en réponse à un champ magnétique dans le supraconducteur CeCoIn(5). Elle est composée de deux parties. Dans un premier temps nous avons à faire à la distribution anormale du champ magnétique local dans le réseau de vortex révélé par les expériences de diffraction de neutrons à petits angles et rotation de spin muonique. Sur la base de a théorie de Ginzburg-Landau avec prise en compte de l'effet de spin, nous analysons l'inhomogénéité du champ local dans le réseau de vortex et calculons des expressions pour les facteurs de forme en diffraction neutronique et la largeur de raie statique en rotation de spin muonique. Nous montrons que les données expérimentales anormales sont le résultat de supercourants générés par le spin circulant autour du cœur du vortex et donnent une augmentation de l'inhomogénéité du champ sur une distance de l'ordre de la longueur de corrélation du supraconducteur à partir de l'axe du vortex. L'importance de l'effet est contrôlée par une seule quantité (le paramètre de Maki) qui permet la détermination de propriétés physiques du système à partir de données expérimentales. La seconde partie traite d'une transition d'onde de densité de spin presque commensurable dans un supraconducteur non-conventionnel. Elle est motivée par l'observation du confinement d'un ordre d'onde de densité de spin dans la phase supraconductrice de CeCoIn(5) dans un champ magnétique. Dans le cadre de la formulation spin-fermion nous proposons un mécanisme pour la transition de l'état fondamental qui consiste du ralentissement du mode collectif de fluctuation de densité de spin induit par le champ (exciton de spin) vers un ordre statique. Cela représente un scénario par lequel la transition vers l'ordre de spin est reliée intrinsèquement au supraconducteurUnderstanding the properties of newly discovered strongly correlated electron compounds is a considerable challenge for both fundamental matters and long-term industrial impact. Experimental activity on heavy electron metals and superconductors has lead to highlighting effects that depart from current knowledge. The thesis is aimed at modelling effects that have been observed in response to magnetic field in the heavy electron superconductor CeCoIn$_5$. This consists of two parts. In the first time we deal with the vortex lattice state anomalous local magnetic field space variations as highlighted by small angle neutron scattering and muon spin rotation experiment. On the basis of the Ginzburg-Landau theory with account of spin effect, we analyse the local field inhomogeneity in the vortex lattice and derive expressions for the neutron scattering form factors and muon spin rotation static linewidth. The anomalous experimental data are shown to be result of spin driven supercurrents which circulate around the vortex cores and lead to an increase with external field in the internal field inhomogeneity on a distance of the order of the superconducting coherence length from the vortex axis. The importance of the effect is controlled by a single quantity (the Maki parameter). The second part is on nearly commensurate spin density wave transition in a quasi two-dimensional superconductor. It is motivated by observation of the confinement of spin density wave ordering inside the superconducting state of CeCoIn$_5$ in magnetic field. In the frame of the spin-fermion formulation we propose a mechanism for the ground state transition consisting in the field-induced slowing down of a collective spin density fluctuation mode (spin-exciton) to static ordering. This represents a scenario by which the transition to spin ordering is intrinsically related to superconductivity
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Vieyra, Villegas Hugo Abdiel. "Resistivity and thermal conductivity measurements on heavy-fermion superconductors in rotating magnetic fields." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-107550.
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CeCu_2Si_2 was the first heavy-fermion compound showing signatures of bulk superconductivity (T_c = 0.5 K). Further observations have put in evidence the correlations between superconductivity, magnetic order, Kondo physics, and quantum critical phenomena. In spite of the interest generated, a systematic study of such correlations was hampered by strong sample dependences. Fortunately, the inherent complexity associated to the stoichiometric composition has been recently understood. The availability of single-crystals with well-defined properties has thus reignited the interest in CeCu_2Si_2 as a window to novel phenomena, such as unconventional superconductivity.
The present work summarizes the results of my doctoral research. It exemplifies the importance not only of high-quality materials, but also of suitable experimental techniques. A first step in this project involved the design of angle-dependent techniques in the milli-kelvin range, namely: electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity. It comprised the development of a rotational stage, the construction of sample holders, and the implementation of controlling and measuring components. In the second part of the project, electrical- and thermal-transport measurements on CeCu_2Si_2 were performed. Power-law behavior below T_c in the thermal conductivity suggests the presence of lines of nodes in the gap function. Also, the non-vanishing extrapolated residual terms (k_00/T ) support the presence of a residual density of states. The nodes are broadened by potential scattering, which appears to be significant in CeCu_2Si_2. The scattering hinders the determination of the symmetry of the order parameter and might be responsible for the observed isotropic angle dependence of the thermal conductivity.
In contrast, angle-dependent measurements of the upper critical field exhibit a four-folded behavior, which also points towards the presence of nodes. By comparing with a weak-coupling model including the effects of Pauli limiting and anisotropic Fermi velocity, the results point towards a d_xy-wave symmetry of the order parameter. Such results represent the first angle-dependent measurements supporting a d-wave symmetry in CeCu_2Si_2.
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Almeida, Dalson Eloy 1989. "Coexistência microscópica de antiferromagnetismo e supercondutividade não-convencional." [s.n.], 2017. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/331437.
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Orientador: Eduardo MirandaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin
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Resumo: Nesta tese estudamos a relação entre antiferromagnetismo e supercondutividade em pnictídeos à base de ferro. Este estudo será feito através da análise de uma energia livre de Ginzburg-Landau de parâmetros de ordem acoplados que será derivada de um modelo microscópico. Em particular, estamos interessados em saber se a transição entre os estados ordenados é de primeira ordem ou se as duas ordens podem coexistir. Para o caso de supercondutividade convencional as duas fases puras nunca coexistem. Entretanto, quando a supercondutividade é não-convencional e a condição de nesting perfeito não é satisfeita, pode haver um regime intermediário de coexistência microscópica das duas ordens. Nesta nova fase termodinâmica, as simetrias de rotação no espaço de spins, de reversão temporal e U(1) são quebradas simultânea e localmente. Logo, os canais de supercondutividade singleto e tripleto se misturam quanticamente. Em outras palavras, uma componente tripleto secundária do estado supercondutor é gerada. Os diagramas de fases do sistema são apresentados e analisamos também como flutuações magnéticas, acima da temperatura de Néel pura, afetam a temperatura de transição tripleto. Investigamos também o efeito da magnetização alternada no efeito Josephson, i.e., na supercorrente que flui através de uma junção entre dois supercondutores na fase de coexistência. Por fim, mas não menos importante, estudamos o efeito de proximidade em uma interface entre um supercondutor e um antiferromagneto. Veremos que os pares de Cooper podem penetrar a região magnética e em consequência, uma componente tripleto é induzida próximo da interface
Abstract: In this thesis, we study the interplay between antiferromagnetism and superconductivity in iron pnictides. This study will be done analyzing a free energy of coupled order parameters which will be derived from a microscopic model. In particular, we are interested if the phase transition between the ordered states is first order or if the two orders can coexist. For the case of conventional superconductivity, the two phases cannot coexist. However, when superconductivity is unconventional and the perfect nesting condition is not satisfied, there can exist an intermediary state of microscopic coexistence of the two orders. In this new thermodynamic phase, spin rotation, time reversal and U(1) symmetries are simultaneously and locally broken. Therefore, the singlet and triplet superconductivity channels are quantum mechanically mixed. In other words, a secondary triplet component is generated. The phase diagrams of the system are presented and we also analyze the effect of magnetic fluctuations above the pure Néel temperature on the triplet temperature transition. We also investigate the effects of the staggered magnetization on the Josephson effect, i.e., on the supercurrent that flows through a junction of two superconductors in the coexistence phase. Last, but not least, we study the proximity effect at an interface between a superconductor and an antiferromagnet. We will see that the Cooper pairs can penetrate the magnetic region and consequently a triplet component is induced near the interface
Doutorado
Física
Doutor em Ciências
140834/2013-3
2342/15-4
CNPQ
CAPES
BEX
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Bakrim, Hassan. "Étude des transitions de Peierls dans les systèmes unidimensionnels et quasi-unidimensionnels." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5140.
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We studied the structural instabilities of one-dimensional (1D) and quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) electron-phonon systems at low temperature through two models, SuSchrieffer-Heeger (SSH) and molecular crystal (CM) with and without spin. The phase diagrams are obtained using a Kadanoff-Wilson renormalization group approach (GR). For the 1D half-filled system the study of the frequency dependence of the electronic gap allowed us to connect continuously the two limits, adiabatic and non-adiabatic. The Peierls and Cooper channels interference and the quantum fluctuations reduce the gap. A regime change occurs when the frequency becomes of the order of mean field gap, marking a quantum-classical crossover that is the Kosterlitz-Thouless type. At this level, the effective coupling behaves in power law function on frequency. For the case with spin, a gapped Peierls state is maintained in the non-adiabatic limit, while for the case without spin, the system transits to ungapped disordered state, namely the Luttinger liquid stat (LL). For the SSH model without spin, the GR confirms the existence of a threshold phonon coupling beyond which the gap is restored. The study of the rigidities of the two models without spin allowed us to trace the main features of the LL state predicted by the bosonization method. The study of the Holstein-Hubbard model has allowed us not only to reproduce the phase diagrams already obtained by the Monte Carlo method, but to highlight two additional phases, namely, free fermions phase and the bond charge-density-wave phase. We have extended this study to the quarter-filled Q1D Peierls systems at finite temperature. Within the SSH model, an unconventional superconducting phase with spin singlet symmetry SS-s emerges at low temperature when the deviation to the perfect nesting of the Fermi surface is strong enough. Peierls-SS transition is characterized by the presence of a quantum critical point at low frequency and by a power law behavior of the transition temperature as a function of frequency with an exponent identical to one of 1D system. This exponent which universality has been verified contrasts with the BCS result. Coulomb interactions have been introduced through the study of the extended SSH-Hubbard model. The extension of this work to half-filled SSH and CM cases was also performed.
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Taupin, Mathieu. "Etude des fermions lourds magnétiques UCoGe et YbRh2Si2 par mesures de transport." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01026388.
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Les mesures de conduction thermique ont été effectuées à basses températures dans le supraconducteur ferromagnétique UCoGe et dans le composé faiblement antiferromagnétique YbRh2Si2. Les fluctuations magnétiques sont un élément important dans les propriétés de ces deux composés, et sont responsables d'un canal de chaleur à basses températures. Dans UCoGe, la contribution supplémentaire causée par les fluctuations magnétiques ont la même dépendance en champ magnétique que celles vues par RMN. Étonnamment, un nouveau canal de chaleur apparaît à très basses températures. Les mesures dans l'état supraconducteur ont confirmé le caractère multigap de UCoGe. Des mesures de XMCD ont également faites dans UCoGe. Dans YbRh2Si2, les fluctuations magnétiques sont suspectées d'être responsables d'un canal de chaleur visible à très basses températures, empêchant de pouvoir conclure sur la violation ou la validité de la loi de Wiedemann-Franz au niveau du point critique quantique. Cependant, les résultats peuvent être interprétés sans avoir recours à sa violation.
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Rodière, Pierre. "Supraconductivité et magnétisme dans le composé à électrons fortement corrélés UPt3." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10025.
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Kaczmarczyk, Jan. "Unconventional superconductivity in correlated fermion systems." Praca doktorska, 2011. https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/274855.
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W rozprawie rozważono niekonwencjonalne nadprzewodnictwo w układach silnie skorelowanych elektronów w polu magnetycznym (typu Zeemana). Silne korelacje miedzy kwazicząstkami uwzględniono poprzez przybliżenie Gutzwillera w ramach statystycznie-konsystentnego podejścia zaproponowanego ostatnio w naszym zespole. Poddano analizie sytuacje gazu cienkich kwazicząstek i otrzymano diagram fazowy w funkcji pola magnetycznego i temperatury (dla przypadku dwu i trój-wymiarowego oraz uwzględniając symetrie przerwy typu s-wave oraz d-wave). W niskich polach magnetycznych układ jest w stanie Bardeena-Coopera-Schrieffera (BCS), natomiast przy zwiększaniu pola magnetycznego następuje przejście do fazy typu Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) z niezerowym pędem środka masy par Coopera. Celem wyodrębnienia nowych cech przypadku z silnymi korelacjami, wyniki zostały porównane z otrzymanymi dla przypadku bez korelacji. We wszystkich analizowanych sytuacjach faza FFLO występuje w szerszym przedziale temperatur i pol w przypadku silnych korelacji co implikuje, ze silne korelacje stabilizują fazę FFLO (i prawdopodobnie inne niekonwencjonalne fazy pojawiające się w silnych polach i niskich temperaturach). W rozprawie wytłumaczono także mechanizm stabilizacji tego stanu. Przeanalizowano także przewodność złącza typu normalny metal - silnie-skorelowany nadprzewodnik w celu sformułowania eksperymentalnego testu naszych wyników. Przebiegi przewodności w przypadkach z obecnością i absencja silnych korelacji różnią się znacznie. Rojnice te powinny być łatwo mierzalne doświadczalnie, dostarczając testu występowania silnych korelacji w stanie nadprzewodzącym. Mianowicie, korelacje zmieniają odległość pomiędzy maksimami przewodności pochodzącymi od nośników o spinie w gorę i tych o spinie w dol. W sytuacji braku korelacji ta odległość jest równa podwojonej energii Zeemana. Dla przypadku z korelacjami, odległość ta jest 30-50% mniejsza, ale w innych modelach może tez być większa w zależności od szczegółów struktury elektronowej. Dodatkowo, rozwalono koegzystencję antyferromagnetyzmu (AF) i nadprzewodnictwa (SC) w ramach modelu t-J dla układu z silnymi korelacjami oraz w polu magnetycznym, w granicy Pauliego. Faza z koegzystencja wykazuje się dwiema przerwami: singletowa oraz przerwa trypletowa typu staggered-triplet. Składowa trypletowa charakteryzuje się niezerowym pędem środka masy par Coopera i możne być postrzegana jako analogon fazy FFLO. Otrzymano diagram fazowy w funkcji wypełnienia pasma i pola magnetycznego. Dla sytuacji pasma prawie do polowy wypełnionego nasze wyniki przypominają otrzymane ostatnio w układzie cieżkofermionowym $CeCo(In_{1-x}Cd_{x})_{5}$. Mianowicie, przy zwiększaniu pola magnetycznego układ ewoluuje z fazy z koegzystencja, poprzez fazę AF, ku spinowo-spolaryzowanemu stanowi normalnemu. Co więcej, pojawienie się przerwy nadprzewodzącej zmniejsza magnetyzację podsieci w stanie AF+SC.We study unconventional superconductivity in strongly correlated electron systems and in applied magnetic (Zeeman) field. The strong correlations among quasiparticles are accounted for by means of the Gutzwiller approximation within the statistically-consistent scheme proposed recently in our group. We analyze the situation for a gas of heavy quasiparticles and obtain a phase diagram on the magnetic field-temperature plane (for both two- and three-dimensional cases, including the s-wave- and d-wave-gap symmetry solutions). In low magnetic fields the system is in the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) phase, whereas for the increasing magnetic field a transition to the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) phase with nonzero Cooper pair momentum takes place. To distinguish novel features of the case with strong correlations we compare our results with those for a noncorrelated situation. In all analyzed situations the FFLO phase is more robust for the case with strong correlations, which implies that strong correlations stabilize the FFLO phase (and possibly other high-field low-temperature unconventional phases). We explain the stabilization mechanism. Next, we study conductance of a normal metal - strongly-correlated superconductor junction in order to provide an experimental test of our results. The conductance spectra in the cases with and without strong correlations differ essentially, and the differences should be easily observable experimentally, providing a hallmark of strong correlations in the superconducting state. Namely, correlations alter the distance between the conductance peaks for carriers with spin-up and spin-down. In the non-correlated case this distance is twice the Zeeman energy. In the correlated case this distance is about 30-50% smaller, but in other models it may be larger, depending on details of the electronic structure. Additionally, we perform analysis of the coexistence of antiferromagnetism (AF) and superconductivity (SC) within t-J model for a system with strong correlations and in applied magnetic field in the Pauli limit. The coexisting phase exhibits two superconducting gaps (a consequence of the AF and SC coexistence): singlet and staggered-triplet. The triplet component has a nonzero Cooper pair momentum, and can be viewed as an analogue of the FFLO phase. We obtain a phase diagram on the band filling - magnetic field plane. For band filling close to unity (i.e., close to the half-filled band situation) our results resemble those obtained recently in the heavy fermion system $CeCo(In_{1-x}Cd_{x})_{5}$. Namely, with the increasing magnetic field the system evolves from the coexisting phase, through AF phase, towards the spin-polarized normal state. Moreover, the onset of superconducting order decreases antiferromagnetic magnetization.
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Wysokiński, Marcin. "Unconventional superconductivity and hybridized correlated fermion systems." Praca doktorska, 2015. https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/45137.
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Poenicke, Andreas Frank [Verfasser]. "Unconventional superconductivity near inhomogeneities / von Andreas Frank Poenicke." 2008. http://d-nb.info/987795473/34.
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Djurkovic, Borko. "Specific Heat of Unconventional Superconductors." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/5687.
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PrOs₄Sb₁₂ is the first known heavy fermion superconductor containing Pr. Many experiments show results indicating unconventional superconductivity in this system. Most notably, PrOs₄Sb₁₂ exhibits two superconducting transitions. The upper transition occurs at Tc₁ ≈ 1.89 K and the lower transition occurs at Tc₂ ≈ 1.72 K. There are many features of this system that are not understood and do not have a unifi ed consensus among researchers. Many issues remain unanswered, such as the origin of superconductivity, symmetry of the superconducting energy gap, and the nature of the two superconducting transitions. We present specific heat data for a single PrOs₄Sb₁₂ crystal. The data show two superconducting transitions. Variance in the lower superconducting transition (among various samples) suggests multiple superconducting phases. Power law dependence of the low temperature specific heat is indicative of asymmetric energy gap.
Cuprates are unconventional high temperature superconductors. The theory on origin and characteristics of superconductivity in these systems is still a debated issue. Experiments indicate presence of a phase in these systems that occurs above the superconducting transition temperature which exhibits some common characteristics with the superconducting state. An important issue is the nature of this so-called "pseudogap" phase and its relationship to the superconducting state. We have developed an experimental apparatus and procedure for measuring the specific heat of a high temperature superconductor and demonstrated it by measuring the heat capacity of a YBCO high-Tc superconductor sample.
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Zakharov, Andrey [Verfasser]. "Unconventional superconductivity of the heavy fermion compound UNi2Al3 / von Andrey Zakharov." 2009. http://d-nb.info/993574688/34.
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Fink, Mario. "Unconventional and topological superconductivity in correlated non-centrosymmetric systems with spin-orbit coupling." Doctoral thesis, 2019. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-175034.
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Despite its history of more than one hundred years, the phenomenon of superconductivity has not lost any of its allure. During that time the concept and perception of the superconducting state - both from an experimental and theoretical point of view - has evolved in way that has triggered increasing interest. What was initially believed to simply be the disappearance of electrical resistivity, turned out to be a universal and inevitable result of quantum statistics, characterized by many more aspects apart from its zero resistivity. The insights of BCS-theory eventually helped to uncover its deep connection to particle physics and consequently led to the formulation of the Anderson-Higgs-mechanism. The very core of this theory is the concept of gauge symmetry (breaking). Within the framework of condensed-matter theory, gauge invariance is only one of several symmetry groups which are crucial for the description and classification of superconducting states. \\ In this thesis, we employ time-reversal, inversion, point group and spin symmetries to investigate and derive possible Hamiltonians featuring spin-orbit interaction in two and three spatial dimensions. In particular, this thesis aims at a generalization of existing numerical concepts to open up the path to spin-orbit coupled (non)centrosymmetric superconductors in multi-orbital models. This is done in a two-fold way: On the one hand, we formulate - based on the Kohn-Luttinger effect - the perturbative renormalization group in the weak-coupling limit. On the other hand, we define the spinful flow equations of the effective action in the framework of functional renormalization, which is valid for finite interaction strength as well. Both perturbative and functional renormalization groups produce a low-energy effective (spinful) theory that eventually gives rise to a particular superconducting state, which is investigated on the level of the irreducible two-particle vertex. The symbiotic relationship between both perturbative and functional renormalization can be traced back to the fact that, while the perturbative renormalization at infinitesimal coupling is only capable of dealing with the Cooper instability, the functional renormalization can investigate a plethora of instabilities both in the particle-particle and particle-hole channels. \\ Time-reversal and inversion are the two key symmetries, which are being used to discriminate between two scenarios. If both time-reversal and inversion symmetry are present, the Fermi surface will be two-fold degenerate and characterized by a pseudospin degree of freedom. In contrast, if inversion symmetry is broken, the Fermi surface will be spin-split and labeled by helicity. In both cases, we construct the symmetry allowed states in the particle-particle as well as the particle-hole channel. The methods presented are formally unified and implemented in a modern object-oriented reusable and extendable C++ code. This methodological implementation is employed to one member of both families of pseudospin and helicity characterized systems. For the pseudospin case, we choose the intriguing matter of strontium ruthenate, which has been heavily investigated for already twenty-four years, but still keeps puzzling researchers. Finally, as the helicity based application, we consider the oxide heterostructure LaAlO$_{3}$/SrTiO$_{3}$, which became famous for its highly mobile two- dimensional electron gas and is suspected to host topological superconductivityTrotz seiner über hundertjährigen Geschichte seit seiner Entdeckung hat das Phänomen der Supraleitung nichts von seiner ursprünglichen Faszination eingebüßt. Vielmehr hat sich in der Zwischenzeit der Begriff und das Verständnis des supraleitenden Zustandes in einer Weise weiterentwickelt, die das Interesse daran eher hat zunehmen lassen. Was anfänglich ausschließlich für ein Verschwinden des elektrischen Widerstands gehalten wurde, ist tatsächlich ein universelles und unvermeidliches Resultat der Quantenstatistik und besitzt viel mehr bemerkenswerte Eigenschaften als nur den widerstandslosen elektrischen Transport. Die Erkenntnisse der BCS-Theorie haben schließlich dazu geführt die tiefe Verbindung zur Teilchenphysik zu offenbaren und trugen entscheidend zur Formulierung des Anderson-Higgs-Mechanismus bei. Der wichtigste Baustein dieser Theorie ist das Konzept der (Brechung der) Eichsymmetrie. Im Rahmen der Festkörperphysik ist die Eichsymmetrie nur eine von mehreren Symmetrien, die eine essentielle Rolle für die Beschreibung und Einordnung von Phänomenen der Supraleitung spielen. \\ In dieser Arbeit wenden wir Zeitumkehr-, (räumliche) Inversions-, Punktgruppen- und Spin-Symmetrien an, um mögliche Hamilton-Operatoren in zwei und drei räumlichen Dimensionen, welche Spin-Bahn-Kopplung enthalten, herzuleiten und zu untersuchen. Diese Arbeit zielt auf eine Verallgemeinerung von existierenden numerischen Konzepten ab und erschließt den Weg die supraleitenden Eigenschaften von Modellen mit starker Spin-Bahn-Kopplung und mit oder ohne Inversionszentrum zu untersuchen. Dies geschieht mit Hilfe zweier methodischer Ansätze. Erstens formulieren wir aufbauend auf dem Kohn-Luttinger Effekt die störungstheoretische Renormierungsgruppe im Limes schwacher Kopplung. Zweitens verwenden wir die spinaufgelösten Flussgleichungen der effektiven Wirkung im Rahmen der funktionalen Renormierungsgruppe, die auch für endliche Wechselwirkungsstärke gültig sind. Die symbiotische Ergänzung der perturbativen und funktionalen Renormierungsgruppen ist darauf zurückzuführen, dass es mit der perturbativen Methode zwar möglich ist die Cooper Instabilität bei infinitesimaler Wechselwirkung numerisch exakt zu berechnen, aber nur die funktionale Renormierungsgruppe auch Teilchen-Loch Kondensate zugänglich macht. \\ Zeitumkehr- und Inversionssymmetrie sind die beiden Schlüsselsymmetrien, die verwendet werden, um zwei Szenarien zu unterscheiden. Falls sowohl Zeitumkehr- als auch Inversionssymmetrie gültig sind, sind die Fermiflächen zweifach entartet und durch einen Pseudospin-Freiheitsgrad charakterisiert. Im Gegensatz dazu führt der Verlust der Inversionssymmetrie zur Spinaufspaltung der Fermiflächen, die dann durch die sogenannte Helizität gekennzeichnet sind. In beiden Fällen leiten wir alle symmetrie-erlaubten Zustände her, welche die entsprechenden Teilchen-Teilchen und Teilchen-Loch Kondensate beschreiben. Die vorstellten und verallgemeinerten Methoden sind im Rahmen dieser Arbeit formal miteinander verbunden und in einem modernen objektorientierten C++ Quellcode implementiert worden. \\ Als erste vorläufige Anwendungen für diese methodische Implementierung betrachten wir zwei Systeme, die jeweils einer der beiden Familien zugeordnet werden können. Zum einen berechnen wir in der Pseudospin-Formulierung der perturbativen und funktionalen Renormierungsgruppen die Instabilitäten eines Dreiorbital-Modells für Strontiumruthenat, das seit seiner erstmaligen Synthese trotz intensiver Forschung immer noch Rätsel aufgibt. Zum anderen betrachten wir das zweidimensionale Elektronengas, das sich an der Schnittstelle zwischen LaAlO$_{3}$ und SrTiO$_{3}$ bildet und welches durch seine hohe Ladungsträgermobilität bekannt geworden ist
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Pereg-Barnea, Tamar. "Phenomena in unconventional superconductivity : d-wave quasiparticles, pseudogap, QED₃ theory and Andreev edge states." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/17211.
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This thesis is composed of four research projects on phenomena in unconventional superconductivity. The first three projects are concerned with high T[sub c] superconductivity (HTSC) in cuprates and the fourth discusses the newly discovered superconductivity in the cobaltate system. The first project presents a calculation of various correlation functions in the pseudogap (PSG) phase of the cuprates in the frame work of the QED₃ theory. The low energy behaviour of many of the quantities is similar to that of the superconducting state. In contrast, the staggered spin susceptibility has an anomalous dimension, leading to a divergent susceptibility as the system approaches half filling, indicating an instability towards antiferromagnetism. The second project demonstrates the possibility of coexistence of antiferromagnetism and superconductivity in the QED₃ model. The gauge fluctuations, encoding the quantum fluctuations of vortices dynamically generate a fermionic mass that corresponds to antiferromagnetic ordering. This phenomenon, known as chiral symmetry breaking, is found even when the gauge fluctuations are gapped by a small gauge field mass. This result is in agreement with experimental detection of magnetic order below T[sub c] . The third project in this thesis is a proposal for a test of the origin of the pseudogap phenomenon. It distinguishes between a scenario of competing orders and phase fluctuations. Our work discusses the fundamental difference between charged excitations in a superconducting medium and excitations in the presence of some other order parameter in the particle-hole channel. We find that quasiparticle interference due to scattering by an impurity can display this fundamental difference and can be seen in scanning tunneling microscopy measurements of the local density of states (LDOS). The last project in this thesis is a solution for a BCS-like model on a semiinfinite triangular lattice, motivated by the discovery of superconductivity in Na[sub x]CoO₂ • yH₂O. The work is a development of a new analytic and exact method of finding Andreev bound states on the edges of a superconductor. The calculation is performed for different symmetries of order the parameter (s-, p-, d- and f-wave). The results show that the existence of edge states on different edges is a sensitive probe of the order parameter symmetry.Science, Faculty of
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