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Journal articles on the topic 'Underground literature literature'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Dărăbuș, Carmen. ""Underground Space in Romanian Literature: The Mine "." Buletin Științific. Seria A, fascicula Filologie 28 (December 17, 2019): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37193/bsff.2019.28.12.

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2

Durrani, Shiraz. "The other Kenya: underground and alternative literature." Collection Building 16, no. 2 (1997): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01604959710164412.

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3

Tanaka, Atsuko. "Survey of Literature on Escape from Underground Spaces." Journal of Disaster Research 2, no. 4 (2007): 250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2007.p0250.

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Based on a survey of the literatures on 22 cases of evacuation from underground spaces, we analyze and discuss the effect of hazardous factors on escape. These cases involve road tunnels, railway tunnels, mines, and construction sites. The types of disaster include fire, automobile collision, electrical power failure due to earthquakes, and terror-based occurrence. Our analysis shows that evacuation success or failure depends on (1) urgency of the event and (2) the distance required to reach shelters or exits, regardless of how underground facilities are used. Based on the analysis of these two factors, we concluded that the maximumdistance of safe evacuation is within 400 m. We compared urgency and rescuer access time in disasters involving power failures in underground spaces. In the case of power failures, the risk to human life, and the need for immediate escape are small. In some fires, the contamination of escape routes is far faster than rescuers can arrive, and survey results show the importance of measures and designs for self-escape, especially in underground spaces.

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4

Poslední, Petr. "Underground in the Czech literature of the 1950s." Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi 14, no. 1 (2020): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33077/uw.25448730.zbkh.2020.184.

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In numerous collected source materials from the 1950s, it is necessary to distinguish texts created in the works of authors persecuted by the communist regime e.g. Catholic writers and those related to popular movement, from the authors deliberately abandoning official circulation e.g. supporters of the concept of total realism, embarrassing poetry and collage of various literary genres. Activities of the opposition in the second half of the 1950s resulted in the first attempts of culture liberalization. At that time literature has influenced film and theater opening up the way to the Prague Spring in the late 1960s.

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5

Mortenson, Erik, Duygu Ergun, and Selen Erdoğan. "Underground literature and its influence on youth in Turkey." New Perspectives on Turkey 52 (May 2015): 77–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/npt.2015.3.

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AbstractThis paper examines the impact underground literature (yeraltı edebiyatı) has on influencing the opinions and beliefs of Turkey’s youth regarding issues of contemporary importance. In order to understand the relevance of this genre to Turkish youth culture, we have not only examined the debate surrounding the topic in popular and academic circles, but also asked the readers themselves their opinions about their experience with the genre (in both its imported Western and homegrown Turkish variants) and its relevance to their lives. For our purposes, the effect of such texts on readers is the primary focus, and ours is the first mixed-media study to conduct a methodological, data-based investigation into the composition and opinions of underground literature’s readers. Thus, our study supplements a lack in the existing scholarship by offering concrete qualitative and quantitative data that will better elucidate our knowledge of the relationship between underground literature and Turkish youth attitudes, as well as the potential the genre might hold for the future of Turkey’s youth.

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6

Cohen, Lara Langer. "Going Underground: Race, Space, and the Subterranean in the Nineteenth-Century US." American Literary History 33, no. 3 (2021): 510–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajab053.

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Abstract This essay examines the emergence of the underground as a figure for being in but not of a rotten world. First popularized by newspaper coverage of the Underground Railroad in the 1840s, the underground offered a metaphor for subversive activity that has remained central to our political vocabulary. My forthcoming book, Going Underground: Race, Space, and the Subterranean in the Nineteenth-Century US, excavates the long history of this now-familiar idea, but most of all, it seeks out versions of the underground that got left behind along the way. To do so, it traces images of the subterranean from David Walker’s Appeal (1829) to Pauline Hopkins’s Of One Blood (1902–03), and from anarchist periodicals and exposés of the urban underworld to the initiation rites of secret societies and manuals for sex magic. In this essay, an adaptation of the book’s introduction, I focus on how early visions of the underground were shaped by literal subterranean spaces and associations with racialized Blackness. I argue that nineteenth-century undergrounds can expand our thinking about political agitation outside the familiar framework of resistance and suggest some new—which is to say old—modes of world-making and world-breaking for a time when this world feels increasingly untenable. At times going underground is an effect of subjugation, but at other times it is an act of refusal. Some undergrounds are sites to carve out other worlds … and some are sites to prepare the destruction of this one.

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ALGÜL, Ali. "Example Of Substance Addiction In Underground Literature: Dirty, Rusty, Corrupted." Social Sciences Studies Journal 6, no. 54 (2020): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26449/sssj.2020.

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8

Foster. "Intimate Matters in This Place: The Underground Railroad of Literature." Legacy 36, no. 2 (2019): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.5250/legacy.36.2.0245.

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9

Shaulov, Sergey S. "The Idiom “Twice Two is Four” in Russian Literature of the 20th Century." Проблемы исторической поэтики 18, no. 3 (2020): 266–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j9.art.2020.8182.

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<p>The idiom “twice two is four” along with its variations is seen in the article as a marker of the situation of an “underground man”. In literature of the twentieth century the “underground” in its ethical and philosophical aspects has expanded its meaning, becoming the context of a utopian and antiutopian thought, absorbing the tragic experience of Russian culture after Dostoevsky. Of course, the widespread locution “as sure as twice two is four” does not always point at this variety of meanings, but it can be reached only in combination with the psychological type of the “underground man”. Thus, the image of Stalin in the novel “the First Circle” by Alexander Solzhenitsyn is considered as a variation of the “underground” consciousness. The problems of philosophical, history related to the evolution of this type of consciousness and actualized in this novel, remain important for modern literature. Another version of this philosophical collision is given in Victor Pelevin’s anti-utopian novel “S.N.U.F.F.”. In both of these cases, the situation of the underground person becomes a picture of a psychological and historical catastrophe. The negative development of the analyzed arithmetic formula in Russian literature of the 20th century encourages to look for another pole of tradition outside the “main” cultural domains. One of the variants of a moral escape from the trap of the “underground consciousness” can be found in the poetry of Alexander Bashlachev. The mythopoetical plot of the song “Verka, Nadka, Lyubka” is an exceptional variant of the development of the “underground man” topic. A starting point of the plot is just the formula “twice two is four”. The genre shift from lyricism to allegorical epic gives the poet an opportunity to reconstruct the Easter ideal of Russian culture, even if in a tragic and provocative form, close to the tradition of Russian foolishness for Christ.</p>

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10

Hagberg, Garry. "Wittgenstein Underground." Philosophy and Literature 28, no. 2 (2004): 379–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/phl.2004.0027.

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11

Nazari-Sharabian, Mohammad, Mohammad Aghababaei, Moses Karakouzian, and Mehrdad Karami. "Water on Mars—A Literature Review." Galaxies 8, no. 2 (2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/galaxies8020040.

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To assess Mars’ potential for both harboring life and providing useable resources for future human exploration, it is of paramount importance to comprehend the water situation on the planet. Therefore, studies have been conducted to determine any evidence of past or present water existence on Mars. While the presence of abundant water on Mars very early in its history is widely accepted, on its modern form, only a fraction of this water can be found, as either ice or locked into the structure of Mars’ plentiful water-rich materials. Water on the planet is evaluated through various evidence such as rocks and minerals, Martian achondrites, low volume transient briny outflows (e.g., dune flows, reactivated gullies, slope streaks, etc.), diurnal shallow soil moisture (e.g., measurements by Curiosity and Phoenix Lander), geomorphic representation (possibly from lakes and river valleys), and groundwater, along with further evidence obtained by probe and rover discoveries. One of the most significant lines of evidence is for an ancient streambed in Gale Crater, implying ancient amounts of “vigorous” water on Mars. Long ago, hospitable conditions for microbial life existed on the surface of Mars, as it was likely periodically wet. However, its current dry surface makes it almost impossible as an appropriate environment for living organisms; therefore, scientists have recognized the planet’s subsurface environments as the best potential locations for exploring life on Mars. As a result, modern research has aimed towards discovering underground water, leading to the discovery of a large amount of underground ice in 2016 by NASA, and a subglacial lake in 2018 by Italian scientists. Nevertheless, the presence of life in Mars’ history is still an open question. In this unifying context, the current review summarizes results from a wide variety of studies and reports related to the history of water on Mars, as well as any related discussions on the possibility of living organism existence on the planet.

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12

Tikhomirova, Elena. "Eros from the Underground." Russian Studies in Literature 30, no. 3 (1994): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/rsl1061-1975300343.

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13

Nkosi, Lewis. "Underground People: Chapter 4." World Literature Today 70, no. 1 (1996): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40151880.

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14

Puskás, Dániel. "Orpheus in the Underground." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica 7, no. 1 (2015): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ausp-2015-0034.

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Abstract In my study I deal with descents to the underworld and hell in literature in the 20th century and in contemporary literature. I will focus on modem literary reinterpretations of the myth of Orpheus, starting with Rilke’s Orpheus. Eurydice. Hermes. In Seamus Heaney’s The Underground. in the Hungarian Istvan Baka’s Descending to the Underground of Moscow and in Czesław Miłosz’s Orpheus and Eurydice underworld appears as underground, similarly to the contemporary Hungarian János Térey’s play entitled Jeramiah. where underground will also be a metaphorical underworld which is populated with the ghosts of the famous deceased people of Debrecen, and finally, in Péter Kárpáti’s Everywoman the grave of the final scene of the medieval Everyman will be replaced with a contemporary underground station. I analyse how an underground station could be parallel with the underworld and I deal with the role of musicality and sounds in the literary works based on the myth of Orpheus.

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15

Borisova, Daria S., Gennadiy B. Yeremin, Anton M. Nikulenkov, and Natalya A. Mozzhukhina. "Foreign legislation in the field of drinking groundwater protection (literature review)." Hygiene and sanitation 100, no. 8 (2021): 797–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-8-797-802.

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The need to protect underground sources of drinking and household water supply. Many reasons, including climatic changes, an increase in anthropogenic pressure, and an increase in the need for drinking water, dictate the need to protect underground sources of drinking and domestic water supply. The USSR was the pioneer in the field of drinking water protection in the world. Already in 1956, USSR put an instruction on the establishment of sanitary protection zones (SPZ) into effect. The United States took the first steps in resolving this issue only seven years later. Along with Soviet developments, the USA and German guidelines are still fundamental and contain fundamental recommendations for groundwater protection. The requirements related to the protection of water intakes in the legislative acts of various states have been implemented at the international level (Directive 2000/60 / EU, Directive 2006/118 / EU), nationally (Australian National Strategy, USA Safe Drinking Water Law, PRC Law on Drinking Water Pollution Prevention and Control) and Local Levels (New Jersey safeguard zone (SGZ) Guidelines). Among the standard features is the allocation of belts in the S with different permitted use regimes: belt I (strict regime) - 10-50 m, belt II -50 days -10 years, belt III - the entire catchment area. Conclusions. Despite the fact that each country uses different approaches to protecting groundwater, in general, there is a similarity in the establishment and organization of SGZ for groundwater intakes, in which certain activities are prohibited or restricted. In the Russian Federation, it seems important to formalize the results of scientific research and existing experience in the protection of underground sources of drinking water supply in the form of Guidelines to allow ensuring optimal management of drinking water resources and preserve the quality of drinking water, to guarantee their availability in the future.

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16

Lindstrom, Naomi, Inés Arredondo, and Cynthia Steele. "Underground River and Other Stories." World Literature Today 71, no. 2 (1997): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40153092.

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17

Thomas, Patricia. "The Other Side of History: Underground Literature and the 1951 Waterfront Dispute." Back Story Journal of New Zealand Art, Media & Design History, no. 3 (December 1, 2017): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/backstory.vi3.27.

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In February 1951, industrial discord between New Zealand watersiders and British ship-owners led to a dispute that was seen by each as a lockout and a strike respectively. Throughout the duration of the dispute, the Trades Union Congress and Wellington Waterside Workers’ Union Action Committee produced and distributed substantial amounts of printed material to stiffen the struggle among its members, vilify strike-breakers and the National Government – whose ultimate aim it was to crush the Union –and to ridicule the police – who were the instruments ofenforcement against the newly-minted Waterfront StrikeEmergency Regulations. In defiance of Regulation 4(d),which banned the production and distribution of ‘seditious’literature, a steady stream of illegal leaflets, pamphlets,lino-cut illustrations and cartoons emerged from theGestetners and small presses in the homes of membersand supporters of the watersiders. While printed materialis touched upon in the documented examination of thedispute as a political and industrial struggle, it is never thefocus of discussion. This article examines the multi-modalrhetoric of the underground literature to form a pictureof one side of the story of what was, arguably, the mostdisruptive and divisive 151 days in the history of the NewZealand labour movement.

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18

Portela Lopa, Antonio. "El mito underground: Fernando Márquez y la novela de la Movida." Tropelías: Revista de Teoría de la Literatura y Literatura Comparada, no. 23 (December 13, 2014): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_tropelias/tropelias.201523863.

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La novela Mary Ann (1985), de Fernando Márquez, es un caso representativo de literatura nacida en el seno del movimiento cultural de La Movida, que encuentra acomodo en el marco general de la Postmodernidad. Se plantea como una creación híbrida en lo genérico y ecléctica en los referentes culturales (literatura, cine, cómic, política). Escrita con una clara voluntad transgresora y provocativa, es heredera de las actitudes punk musicales, al mismo tiempo que reserva un espacio para el mito como ámbito de lo sagrado. Es el caso de Greta Garbo, figura que recorre la totalidad del libro y que inspira una particular reflexión en torno al concepto social de la belleza. El presente artículo desgrana las múltiples referencias musicales y culturales que vertebran esta obra, y se adentra en el singular significado que Márquez imprime al mito. Fernando Márquez's novel Mary Ann (1985) is a representative case of the literature born within the cultural movement of La Movida, which is accommodated within the overall framework of Postmodernism. It is proposed as a generic hybrid creation and eclectic in the cultural references (literature, cinema, comics, politics). Written with a clear transgressive and provocative will, it inherits the musical punk attitudes, while reserves a space for myth as sacred field. This is the case of Greta Garbo, figure that goes over the entire book and inspires a particular reflection on the social concept of beauty. This article spells out the many musical and cultural references that underpin this work, and explores the singular meaning that Marquez impress to myth.

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Prastowo, Toni, and Humiras Purba. "Risk management on railway projects: A literature view." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 18, no. 3 (2020): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace191212017p.

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Railway construction either underground or in an open area or under a bridge carries work risks. The same in the process of design, implementation or maintenance. We chose this article because it is interesting for everyone to know all the risks that occur. These risks can hinder the activities of both planning, implementation or maintenance. The purpose of this paper is to identify all the risks of railway work and to minimize the risks that occur in subsequent work. Risk identification is carried out through the study of international journal literature by taking data from 30 journals from 100 related journals. Risk analysis based on literature view is divided into Internal and External Factors. Internal Factors: (1). Technical and (2) Non-technical, External Factors (1). Technical, (2) Non-technical and (3) Legality. From the results of the pareto chart and pie diagram analysis it can be concluded that Internal Technical Factors are the most involved in the identification of this risk.

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20

Wen, Yueming, Jiawei Leng, Xiaobing Shen, Gang Han, Lijun Sun, and Fei Yu. "Environmental and Health Effects of Ventilation in Subway Stations: A Literature Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (2020): 1084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17031084.

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Environmental health in subway stations, a typical type of urban underground space, is becoming increasingly important. Ventilation is the principal measure for optimizing the complex physical environment in a subway station. This paper narratively reviews the environmental and health effects of subway ventilation and discusses the relevant engineering, environmental, and medical aspects in combination. Ventilation exerts a notable dual effect on environmental health in a subway station. On the one hand, ventilation controls temperature, humidity, and indoor air quality to ensure human comfort and health. On the other hand, ventilation also carries the potential risks of spreading air pollutants or fire smoke through the complex wind environment as well as produces continuous noise. Assessment and management of health risks associated with subway ventilation is essential to attain a healthy subway environment. This, however, requires exposure, threshold data, and thereby necessitates more research into long-term effects, and toxicity as well as epidemiological studies. Additionally, more research is needed to further examine the design and maintenance of ventilation systems. An understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms and aerodynamic characteristics of various pollutants can help formulate ventilation strategies to reduce pollutant concentrations. Moreover, current comprehensive underground space development affords a possibility for creating flexible spaces that optimize ventilation efficiency, acoustic comfort, and space perception.

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21

Fajri, Tri, and Marzam Marzam. "UNDERGROUND” STUDI DESKRIPTIF KOMUNITAS UNDERGROUND DI KOTA PADANG." Jurnal Sendratasik 9, no. 1 (2020): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jsu.v8i3.108101.

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AbstractThis research aims to find and describe the activities of underground community in Padang. Type of this research was qualitative. The main instrument in this study was the researcher. The additional instruments used stationery, recording device and camera. Techniques of data collection were done by taking observation, interviews, literature study and documentation. The steps in analyzing data were carried out by collecting, describing and making conclusion of data. The results show that the number of negative responses from ordinary society to the underground community. Underground is a movement which is not tied to a corporation that is binding. The underground movement is counterculture. Judging from the way they are dressed and the accessories used, unclear and noisy music, underground music is considered as satanic, unhealthy lifestyles such as drugs and drinking. The underground communities respond to the negativeresponse by being apathetic. Yet, they can only show to the general public in particular with activities that are positive for the outside society, for example, such as food not bombs, mayday, free market and reading booths.Keywords: descriptive study, community, underground

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22

Greenough, Paul R. "Political Mobilization and the Underground Literature of the Quit India Movement, 1942-44." Social Scientist 27, no. 7/8 (1999): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3518012.

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23

Hamblyn, Richard. "Notes from Underground: Lisbon after the Earthquake." Romanticism 14, no. 2 (2008): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e1354991x08000226.

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24

McH., B., and Ronald Sukenick. "Down and In: Life in the Underground." Poetics Today 9, no. 3 (1988): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1772752.

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25

Wallach, Jeremy. "Underground Rock Music: And Democratization in Indonesia." World Literature Today 79, no. 3/4 (2005): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40158922.

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26

Carls, Alice-Catherine, and Aleksandr Kaletski. "Metro: A Novel of the Moscow Underground." World Literature Today 60, no. 2 (1986): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40141822.

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27

Chang, Sheng-Tai, Henry Y. H. Zhao, and John Cayley. "Under-Sky Underground: Chinese Writing Today 1." World Literature Today 69, no. 3 (1995): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40151571.

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28

Postea, Maria Mihaela. "THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES ON TAX EVASION." DIEM: Dubrovnik International Economic Meeting 6, no. 1 (2021): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17818/diem/2021/1.19.

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Measurement of an economic indicator or phenomenon starts by defining it first and determining its components. Tax evasion as a component of the underground economy is a phenomenon that is hard to be observed and estimated because of its hidden nature. To be able to compare the figures for tax evasion from different countries, there is the need for a definition internationally accepted. This paper aims to make a literature review on the phenomenon and to find a definition that is widely accepted. In this area, not only the literature review is important but also the legislation from different countries. We will look closely at the definition of tax evasion given by the legislation of different countries from the EU and the USA. In the literature, there are several methods to estimate the underground economy. There are direct methods (questionnaire), indirect methods (indicator methods), and statistical methods (MIMIC), but all of them have their shortcomings. In the paper, all the shortcomings of each method used in the present are discussed to estimate the underground economy. As a conclusion, we can state that at the present moment there is not a definition internationally accepted for the underground economy, making it hard to estimate and to compare the results from different countries. In addition, the methods used to estimate the phenomenon have advantages and disadvantages. None of the methods is better than the other. When estimating the underground economy, it is advised to use more than one method. At this moment it is safe to say that the link between theory and empirical estimation is still unsatisfactory. Keywords: tax evasion, underground economy

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29

Bagtzoglou, Amvrossios C., and Daniele Cesano. "Dripping into unsaturated rock underground excavations—literature review and geologic and hydrogeologic setting description." Environmental Geology 51, no. 8 (2006): 1285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-006-0422-y.

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30

Haraszti, Miklós. "Kind-Kovács, Friederike. 2014. Written Here, Published There - How Underground Literature Crossed the Iron Curtain. Budapest: Central European University Press. 520 pp." Hungarian Cultural Studies 9 (October 11, 2016): 254–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ahea.2016.234.

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31

Goede, Marieke de. "Underground Money." Cultural Critique 65, no. 1 (2007): 140–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cul.2007.0006.

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32

Mitton, Matthew. "Travelling on the Underground." Women: A Cultural Review 18, no. 1 (2007): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09574040701276811.

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Yu, Haoxuan, and Shuai Li. "The Function Design for the Communication-Based Train Control (CBTC) System: How to Solve the Problems in the Underground Mine Rail Transportation?" Applied System Innovation 4, no. 2 (2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/asi4020031.

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With the continuous development of the mining industry, the world’s major mines have gradually entered the intelligent stage. In intelligent underground mines, the operation roads of the underground transportation equipment are very complicated, and the monitoring and control of the underground traffic have become the problems to be solved in the intelligent underground mines. Therefore, on the basis of solving the practical problems of underground mines, the concept paper discusses the possibility of the communication-based train control (CBTC) system being applied to underground mines through the summary and induction of the related literature. As mining engineers, we have proposed the function design for the CBTC system to solve the problems in underground mine rail transportation, but we still need to continue to work hard for the future development of the underground mines. The concept paper serves as a guide to the Tossing out a brick to get a jade gem, and it has implications for the development and the future of underground mine transportation.

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34

Yao, Qian, Zhang Hua, Xu Bin, and Wen Cun. "Analysis of China Underground Space Landscape Research Based on Data Visualization Technology." E3S Web of Conferences 236 (2021): 05027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123605027.

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Based on the research from 2000 to 2020 in China Knowledge Resource Database (CNKI) as the data source, with the help of CiteSpace V and VOSviewer digital technology, a knowledge map is drawn on the number of articles, issuing organizations and keywords of underground space landscape in China. Visualization technology shows the relationship between the structure, evolution, and cooperation of underground space and landscape research, and intuitively shows the research hotspots and frontier dynamics of underground space landscape in China. The experiments results show that the underground space landscape was in its infancy before 2003, and then it began to develop rapidly. At present, underground space landscape research in China mainly focuses on hot spots such as landscape design, urban underground space, and public space. Through the visualized map analysis of the underground space landscape literature, it shows the use of new energy and new technology to create energy-saving underground buildings will become a new research trend.

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35

Czerwinski, Edward J., and Marketa Goetz-Stankiewicz. "Good-bye, Samizdat: Twenty Years of Czechoslovak Underground Writing." World Literature Today 67, no. 3 (1993): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40149467.

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36

Williams, Patricia J. "The Underground Boy." Callaloo 19, no. 4 (1996): 807–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cal.1996.0184.

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37

Eldelin, Emma, and Andreas Nyblom. "Place Making in Transit." Transfers 11, no. 1 (2021): 48–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2021.110104.

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Spaces of transit and transportation are often thought of as one-dimensional and as defined by their functionality and rationality, but recent literary texts challenge such preconceptions by representing those spaces as multidimensional and meaningful. In this article, we examine literature through the lens of place making, seeking to understand in what ways literary representations are involved in renegotiations of transit space. Addressing two generic spaces of transit—the underground and the airport—we analyze a body of texts generated through initiatives relating to the London Underground and Heathrow Airport respectively. Arguing that literature contributes to a processual understanding of place, we conclude that literary texts should be considered as instances of place making, and thus deserve serious consideration in research.

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38

Nash, Andrew. "Zen Communist: Breyten Breytenbach’s view from underground." Tydskrif vir Letterkunde 46, no. 2 (2017): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-9070/tvl.v.46i2.3412.

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In an interview after his release from prison, Breyten Breytenbach describes himself, at the time he became involved in underground politics, as a Zen Communist. He returns occasionally to this interaction of Marxist ideas of social revolution and Buddhist ideas of non-attachment, but never attempts to explain the resulting synthesis systematically. Indeed, for Breytenbach, being a Zen Communist is to resist systematic positions, to accept contradiction as a constant source of surprise and invention disruptive of all systematic thought. This paper examines how this interaction of Marxist and Buddhist ideas and practices has informed Breytenbach’s politics in three contexts: his initial exploration of a radical philosophy of history in his poetry (“Bruin reisbrief”, “Brown travel letter”); his role in the underground politics of Okhela in the 1970s; his reflections on politics and social change in his prison and prison-related writings. Key words: Zen communism, anti-apartheid movement, liberation, dialectic.

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Croft, Liddy, and Richard Peace. "Dostoevsky's 'Notes from Underground'." Modern Language Review 90, no. 2 (1995): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3734671.

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Machovec, Martin. "Czech Underground Musicians in Search of Art Innovation." East Central Europe 38, no. 2-3 (2011): 221–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/174552411x600103.

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AbstractThe Czech underground culture of the 1970s and 1980s has so far been widely acknowledged for its contribution to the development of the human rights movement in the country, especially as a predecessor and fellow-traveller of Charta 77. So have been some of the underground rock musicians (The Plastic People of the Universe) and some of the poets and writers (e.g. Egon Bondy, I. M. Jirous, Pavel Zajíček, Jáchym Topol). However, as a result of vivid cooperation within the underground “ghetto” between poets, writers, philosophers, musicians and representatives of fine arts, the underground rockers created performances to be appreciated in terms of visual arts, literature and contemporary music—which has so far remained rather underresearched. The article brings forth some evidences of this creativity by locating the phenomenon of Czech underground music in the broader cultural and aesthetic context of the time.

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Engström, Karl Gunnar, John Angrén, Ulf Björnstig, and Britt-Inger Saveman. "Mass Casualty Incidents in the Underground Mining Industry: Applying the Haddon Matrix on an Integrative Literature Review." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 12, no. 1 (2017): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2017.31.

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AbstractObjectiveUnderground mining is associated with obvious risks that can lead to mass casualty incidents. Information about such incidents was analyzed in an integrated literature review.MethodsA literature search (1980-2015) identified 564 modern-era underground mining reports from countries sharing similar occupational health legislation. These reports were condensed to 31 reports after consideration of quality grading and appropriateness to the aim. The Haddon matrix was used for structure, separating human factors from technical and environmental details, and timing.ResultsMost of the reports were descriptive regarding injury-creating technical and environmental factors. The influence of rock characteristics was an important pre-event environmental factor. The organic nature of coal adds risks not shared in hard-rock mines. A sequence of mechanisms is commonly described, often initiated by a human factor in interaction with technology and step-wise escalation to involve environmental circumstances. Socioeconomic factors introduce heterogeneity. In the Haddon matrix, emergency medical services are mainly a post-event environmental issue, which were not well described in the available literature. The US Quecreek Coal Mine incident of 2002 stands out as a well-planned rescue mission.ConclusionEvaluation of the preparedness to handle underground mining incidents deserves further scientific attention. Preparedness must include the medical aspects of rescue operations. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:138–146)

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Afum, Bright Oppong, and Eugene Ben-Awuah. "A Review of Models and Algorithms for Surface-Underground Mining Options and Transitions Optimization: Some Lessons Learnt and the Way Forward." Mining 1, no. 1 (2021): 112–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mining1010008.

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It is important that the strategic mine plan makes optimum use of available resources and provides continuous quality ore to drive sustainable mining and profitability. This requires the development of a well-integrated strategy of mining options for surface and/or underground mining and their interactions. Understanding the current tools and methodologies used in the mining industry for surface and underground mining options and transitions planning are essential to dealing with complex and deep-seated deposits that are amenable to both open pit and underground mining. In this study, extensive literature review and a gap analysis matrix are used to identify the limitations and opportunities for further research in surface-underground mining options and transitions optimization for comprehensive resource development planning.

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Ragen, Brian Abel, and Nancylee Novell Jonza. "The Underground Stream: The Life and Art of Caroline Gordon." American Literature 68, no. 1 (1996): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2927573.

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Morita, James R., Naoshi Koriyama, and Edward Lueders. "Like Underground Water: The Poetry of Mid-Twentieth Century Japan." World Literature Today 70, no. 3 (1996): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40042312.

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Howard, Yetta. "Unsuitable for Children? Adult-erated Age in Underground Graphic Narratives." American Literature 90, no. 2 (2018): 283–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00029831-4564310.

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Glatt, Carra. "Anti-Narratives of Slavery in Colson Whitehead’s The Underground Railroad." Cambridge Quarterly 50, no. 1 (2021): 38–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/camqtly/bfab002.

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Oware, Matthew. "(Un)conscious (popular) underground: Restricted cultural production and underground rap music." Poetics 42 (February 2014): 60–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2013.12.001.

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Andreichuk, Ksenia R. "Notes from the Underground: Major Trends in Swedish Reception." Studia Litterarum 6, no. 1 (2021): 130–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2500-4247-2021-6-1-130-151.

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Notes from the Underground has become a relevant text in Sweden only since the second half of the 20 th century, primarily due to the emergence of translations and criticism, but also in connection with the construction of “the people’s home” (“folkhemmet”), which is what a Swedish person thinks about when reading about Crystal Palace. However, not only social ideas attract Swedish readers in Notes from the Underground; the problems of human isolation, desire, and inability to love another person more than oneself, as well as the worldview of a “paradoxalist” are also relevant to them. The multi-layered text of Notes from the Underground has not remained unnoticed either. The article examines several instances of the Notes from the Underground reception in Swedish literature, namely social and philosophical (Sven Delblank, Lars Ahlin), socio-religious (Birgitta Trotzig), existentialist (Lars Gyllensten), and aesthetic (Lars Ahlin). It is worth mentioning that even when referring to Dostoevsky’s work in social debates, Swedish authors almost never ignore its philosophical context or reduce the universal human issues raised by the novel to the purely social issues projecting them on Swedish reality.

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Sanz Jiménez, Miguel. "TRANSLATING AFRICAN-AMERICAN NEO-SLAVE NARRATIVES: BLACK ENGLISH IN THE GOOD LORD BIRD AND THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD." Revista de Estudios Norteamericanos, no. 24 (2020): 203–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/ren.2020.i24.10.

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This paper studies how two recent neo-slave narratives have been translated into Spanish: The Good Lord Bird, by James McBride, and The Underground Railroad, by Colson Whitehead. Since they were both published simultaneously in Spain in September 2017, special attention is paid to the strategies used to render Black English, which marks slaves’ otherness, in the target polysystem. An overview of the origin, rise, and evolution of neo-slave narratives precedes the features of African-American Vernacular English portrayed in the novels that belong to this sub-genre. After some insights into the issue of translating literary dialect, the risks it entails, and the different strategies that can be used, the Spanish versions of McBride’s and Whitehead’s works are analyzed accordingly and contrasted.

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Bessy, Marianne. "Le Paris souterrain de Vassilis Alexakis dans L’Enfant grec : catabase funeste ou lieu de renaissance ?" Dossier spécial Léon-Gontran Damas, no. 116 (August 13, 2020): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1071054ar.

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This article aims to interpret the presence of the Parisian underground in Vassilis Alexakis’ novel L’Enfant grec (2012), twenty years after the author represented the same underground space in Avant. After a brief summary of the work, some clarifications on the importance of the underground in the collective imagination, and a brief presentation of the Parisian underground in literature, I analyze the metaphorical value that the author attributes to sewers, catacombs, quarries and basements, real or imaginary, which are all characteristic of the geographical framework of L’Enfant grec and which occupy increasing textual space as the novel progresses. Does this call of the underground give shape, as in Avant, to a spatial rejection of the French capital, or it is here a more traditional evocation of underground spaces associated with death? Is there a link between these recurrent underground spaces and the space of literary creation? Even if, at first glance, everything may suggest that the author has created an ill-fated katabasis, I conclude that Alexakis’ underground Paris in L’Enfant grec is a cathartic place of rebirth allowing the narrator to alleviate his fear of death and to refocus on the playful space of literary creation.

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