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Journal articles on the topic 'Underground Research Laboratory (Manitoba)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Holmes, Gordon M., Stuart Crampin, and R. Paul Young. "Seismic anisotropy in granite at the Underground Research Laboratory, Manitoba." Geophysical Prospecting 48, no. 3 (May 2000): 415–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2478.2000.00195.x.

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2

Brown, A., N. M. Soonawala, R. A. Everitt, and D. C. Kamineni. "Geology and geophysics of the Underground Research Laboratory site, Lac du Bonnet Batholith, Manitoba." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 26, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 404–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e89-037.

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The lease area of the Atomic Energy of Canada Limited Underground Research Laboratory covers 3.8 km2 and is located 2.5 km north of the south contact of the Lac du Bonnet Batholith. A shaft to 255 m and 130 boreholes up to 1100 m deep expose the third dimension.The underlying granite is largely of two types: (i) pink porphyritic, which may be biotite rich, gneissic, and (or) xenolithic; and (ii) grey homogeneous and equigranular. Composition layering, including xenolith-rich zones, outlines domes along an antiform trending north-northeast through the western part of the lease area. The southeast-dipping flank underlies the eastern half of the site, including the shaft. Axes of folding trend 065 °and 140°. Homogeneous grey granite, being relatively fresh and unfractured, is associated with a magnetic field that is about 100 nT higher and with a resistivity that is up to 5000 Ω∙m higher than those of other units. A pattern of highs in the magnetic field, caused by the high magnetite content of some xenoliths, can be used to map the antiform.Three thrust faults that dip 10–30° east-southeast are partly controlled by the compositional layering. Anomalies in the very low frequency electromagnetic (VLF-EM) field occur at the surface projections of faults. One fault has been mapped at depth by a high-resolution seismic reflection survey. A suite of downhole geophysical methods, including cross-hole seismic, has been used to map discontinuities in boreholes.Subvertical penetrative foliations and pegmatitic dykes are part of the late crystallization fabric, providing (with filled fractures) a continuous deformation history in response to north- to northeast-trending compressive stress.

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3

Haimson, B., M. Lee, N. Chandler, and D. Martin. "Estimating the state of stress from subhorizontal hydraulic fractures at the underground research laboratory, Manitoba." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 30, no. 7 (December 1993): 959–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(93)90052-f.

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4

Fairhurst, C. "Nuclear waste disposal and rock mechanics: contributions of the Underground Research Laboratory (URL), Pinawa, Manitoba, Canada." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 41, no. 8 (December 2004): 1221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2004.09.001.

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5

Nguyen, Thanh Son. "Progressive Damage of a Canadian Granite in Laboratory Compression Tests and Underground Excavations." Minerals 11, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11010010.

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The crystalline rock formations of the Canadian Shield are currently one candidate rock type for the geological disposal of radioactive waste in Canada. This article starts with a critical review of past research results on the geomechanical behaviour of Lac du Bonnet granite, a rock type found at an Underground Research Laboratory (URL) in Pinawa, Manitoba, Canada. Based on the published data, a constitutive model was developed, based on Mohr-Coulomb plasticity, which includes the concept of asynchronous degradation of cohesion and mobilization of friction with progressive damage, as well as time-dependent degradation of strength. The constitutive model was used to simulate laboratory compression tests. It was then implemented in a coupled hydro-mechanical model to simulate the response of the rock mass induced by excavation of a test tunnel at 420 m depth at the URL.

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6

Everitt, R., A. Brown, R. Ejeckam, R. Sikorsky, and D. Woodcock. "Litho-structural layering within the Archean Lac du Bonnet Batholith, at AECL’s Underground Research Laboratory, Southeastern Manitoba." Journal of Structural Geology 20, no. 9-10 (September 1998): 1291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0191-8141(98)00068-6.

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7

Gascoyne, M. "High levels of uranium and radium in groundwaters at Canada's Underground Research Laboratory, Lac du Bonnet, Manitoba, Canada." Applied Geochemistry 4, no. 6 (November 1989): 577–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(89)90068-1.

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8

Kamineni, D. C., C. F. Chung, J. J. B. Dugal, and R. B. Ejeckam. "Distribution of uranium and thorium in core samples from the Underground Research Laboratory lease area, southeastern Manitoba, Canada." Chemical Geology 54, no. 1-2 (January 1986): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(86)90074-4.

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9

Dixon, D., N. Chandler, J. Graham, and M. N. Gray. "Two large-scale sealing tests conducted at Atomic Energy of Canada's underground research laboratory: the buffer-container experiment and the isothermal test." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 39, no. 3 (June 1, 2002): 503–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t02-012.

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Two large-scale sealing experiments were conducted at Atomic Energy of Canada Limited's Underground Research Laboratory at Lac du Bonnet, Manitoba. The rate of water uptake in densely compacted sandclay buffer materials proposed for use in a deep geologic repository for spent nuclear fuel was monitored. The buffercontainer experiment examined the influence of heat on the performance of a large mass of buffer. Temperatures, water contents, and total and hydraulic pressures within and surrounding the installation were monitored for approximately 2.5 years. Local groundwater pressures increased as a result of rising temperatures. Water uptake and redistribution occurred in the buffer due to drying shrinkage close to the heater and counter-acted swelling due to an increase in water content near the rockbuffer interface. The isothermal test (ITT) allowed natural groundwater uptake from the surrounding rock mass under isothermal conditions. It was monitored for a period of 6.5 years and is the first, and longest running test of its kind yet conducted in the world. During its operation, the ITT (for as yet unconfirmed reasons) experienced a 35% decrease in the rate of water supply relative to that measured prior to experiment installation. This decrease impacts on the time required for saturation to be achieved.Key words: buffer, bentonite, underground research laboratory, instrumentation.

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10

Eberhardt, E., D. Stead, B. Stimpson, and R. S. Read. "Identifying crack initiation and propagation thresholds in brittle rock." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 35, no. 2 (April 1, 1998): 222–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t97-091.

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Recent work at the Underground Research Laboratory of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited in Pinawa, Manitoba, has shown that high compressive stresses near the tunnel face significantly contribute to the loss of strength, and eventual failure of the rock, through stress-induced brittle fracturing. A program of laboratory testing has been undertaken to investigate the effects of brittle fracture on the progressive degradation of rock mass strength. The work carried out in this study involves a detailed analysis of the crack initiation and propagation thresholds, two key components in the brittle-fracture process. This paper describes new techniques developed to enhance existing strain gauge and acoustic emission methodologies with respect to the detection of these thresholds and their effects on the degradation of material strength.Key words: tunnel, rock failure, brittle fracture, crack initiation, crack propagation.

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11

Blatz, J. A., J. Graham, and N. A. Chandler. "Influence of suction on the strength and stiffness of compacted sandbentonite." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 39, no. 5 (October 1, 2002): 1005–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t02-056.

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This paper examines the constitutive behaviour of unsaturated mixtures of compacted sand-bentonite material. Two different techniques have been used to modify soil suction in laboratory specimens to examine the influence of suction on the behaviour of compacted materials. The two methods generated inherent differences in material fabric and therefore in stress-strain behaviour. The difference in microstructure generated by these two preparation techniques created different properties for the two series of specimens. This paper compares the behaviour of the two series of specimens and relates the observed mechanical behaviour to the initial soil fabric created by the two different preparation techniques. Specimens of similar compacted material were taken from two full-scale in-ground experiments conducted at Atomic Energy of Canada Limited's Underground Research Laboratory at Lac du Bonnet, Manitoba and sheared using the same triaxial equipment. The results are compared to the results of shearing laboratory compacted specimens. The research program demonstrates the need to understand the initial volume and suction states of plastic clays in order to predict the change in mechanical behaviour following a change in water content.Key words: constitutive relationships, unsaturation, laboratory tests, expansive soils, clays, shear strength.

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12

Vlachopoulos, Nicholas, and Ioannis Vazaios. "The Numerical Simulation of Hard Rocks for Tunnelling Purposes at Great Depths: A Comparison between the Hybrid FDEM Method and Continuous Techniques." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3868716.

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Tunnelling processes lead to stress changes surrounding an underground opening resulting in the disturbance and potential damage of the surrounding ground. Especially, when it comes to hard rocks at great depths, the rockmass is more likely to respond in a brittle manner during the excavation. Continuum numerical modelling and discontinuum techniques have been employed in order to capture the complex nature of fracture initiation and propagation at low-confinement conditions surrounding an underground opening. In the present study, the hybrid finite-discrete element method (FDEM) is used and compared to techniques using the finite element method (FEM), in order to investigate the efficiency of these methods in simulating brittle fracturing. The numerical models are calibrated based on data and observations from the Underground Research Laboratory (URL) Test Tunnel, located in Manitoba, Canada. Following the comparison of these models, additional analyses are performed by integrating discrete fracture network (DFN) geometries in order to examine the effect of the explicit simulation of joints in brittle rockmasses. The results show that in both cases, the FDEM method is more capable of capturing the highly damaged zone (HDZ) and the excavation damaged zone (EDZ) compared to results of continuum numerical techniques in such excavations.

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13

Feinstein, Shimon, Barry Kohn, Kirk Osadetz, Richard Everitt, and Paul O'Sullivan. "Variable Phanerozoic thermal history in the Southern Canadian Shield: Evidence from an apatite fission track profile at the Underground Research Laboratory (URL), Manitoba." Tectonophysics 475, no. 1 (September 2009): 190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2009.01.016.

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14

Vazaios, I., N. Vlachopoulos, and M. S. Diederichs. "Mechanical analysis and interpretation of excavation damage zone formation around deep tunnels within massive rock masses using hybrid finite–discrete element approach: case of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) Underground Research Laboratory (URL) test tunnel." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 56, no. 1 (January 2019): 35–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2017-0578.

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The construction of an underground opening leads to changes in the in situ stress regime surrounding the excavation. The opening influences the rock mass owing to the redistribution of the stresses and results in the disturbance of the surrounding ground. At great depths, massive to slightly or moderately fractured rock masses are usually encountered, and under high stresses, they are more likely to behave in a brittle manner during an excavation. While constitutive models have been developed and proposed for the numerical simulation of such excavations using continuum mechanics, this brittle response cannot be simulated accurately enough, since the material behaviour is governed by fracture initiation and propagation. On the contrary, discontinuum approaches are more suitable in such cases. For the purposes of this paper, the brittle behaviour of hard, massive rock masses and the associated spalling failure mechanisms were simulated by employing a finite–discrete element method (FDEM) approach using Irazu software. The generated numerical model was utilized to replicate field conditions based on the observations at the Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) Underground Research Laboratory (URL) test tunnel located in Pinawa, Manitoba, Canada. The model results are compared with field observation data to explicitly demonstrate the suitability of the method.

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15

Gascoyne, M. "The geochemical environment of nuclear fuel waste disposal." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 42, no. 4 (April 1, 1996): 401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m96-056.

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The concept for disposal of Canada's nuclear fuel waste in a geologic environment on the Canadian Shield has recently been presented by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) to governments, scientists, and the public, for review. An important part of this concept concerns the geochemical environment of a disposal vault and includes consideration of rock and groundwater compositions, geochemical interactions between rocks, groundwaters, and emplaced vault materials, and the influences and significance of anthropogenic and microbiological effects following closure of the vault. This paper summarizes the disposal concept and examines aspects of the geochemical environment. The presence of saline groundwaters and reducing conditions at proposed vault depths (500–1000 m) in the Canadian Shield has an important bearing on the stability of the used nuclear fuel, its container, and buffer and backfill materials. The potential for introduction of anthropogenic contaminants and microbes during site investigations and vault excavation, operation, and sealing is described with examples from AECL's research areas on the Shield and in their underground research laboratory in southeastern Manitoba. Keywords: nuclear waste disposal, geochemistry, Canadian Shield, groundwater chemistry.

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16

Didry, Olivier, Malcolm N. Gray, André Cournut, and James Graham. "Modelling the early age behaviour of a low heat concrete bulkhead sealing an underground tunnel." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 27, no. 1 (February 15, 2000): 112–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l99-055.

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A major experiment - the tunnel sealing experiment, related to the disposal of heat generating radioactive wastes in geological formations and supported by government organizations from Japan, France, U.S.A., and Canada, is being carried out at the Underground Research Laboratory of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited in Manitoba, Canada. Through a systematic process, the results from the experiment will be used to validate numerical models for the early age behaviour of high mass concrete bulkheads. A numerical model, based on the CESAR-LCPC finite element code equipped with the modules TEXO and MEXO, has been developed and used to predict the behaviour of a concrete bulkhead which will be built as part of the experiment. The TEXO-based component of the model which describes temperature changes has been validated. A maximum temperature rise in the concrete of 19°C is calculated. This will occur about 4 days after the concrete is cast. The temperature rise is low. This arises from the use of a specially developed low cement content concrete. Despite uncertainties in the MEXO-based model, which is used to describe the chemo-mechanical behaviour of the system, results indicate that it is unlikely that the concrete will crack, but a gap of 0.5 mm or more will develop between the bulkhead and the rock. Water leakage around the bulkhead through this gap could be significant and measures to seal this gap are advised. The modelling results recorded here will be tested against measurements made in the experiment. Thus, the numerical model will be formally validated and bounds to its use will be defined. Key words: concrete, bulkhead, sealing, early age behaviour, heat of hydration, autogenous shrinkage, underground repository, modelling.

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17

Scott, J. S., and R. A. Gibb. "Results of geoscience research in the Canadian Nuclear Fuel Waste Management Program: Introduction." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 26, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e89-032.

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Canada, along with other countries that are considering the permanent disposal of high-level radioactive wastes from nuclear power generation, is undertaking a program of research into deep geological disposal. This program, led by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) with support from Energy, Mines and Resources Canada, other federal government departments, universities, and industrial consultants, has been in progress since early in 1973. Geoscience research, the subject of this symposium, complements research on fuel waste immobilization to provide the data and information essential to the design and assessment of a complete disposal concept involving both natural and engineered barriers to the migration of radioactive material from the waste vault.During the early phases of the program, prior to 1975, an evaluation of the potential of Canadian salt deposits for nuclear waste disposal, as well as a preliminary assessment of the suitability of other geological formations, was made. Because the Province of Ontario was, and remains, the principal region in Canada for nuclear power development and because resources available for geoscience research would not permit simultaneous, intensive research on a number of rock types, the decision was taken to direct the main thrust of the geoscience research toward plutonic igneous rocks of the Canadian Shield in Ontario (Scott 1979). Lesser studies of salt and other sedimentary formations, including seabed, are continuing within the Geological Survey of Canada.Because the rock mass surrounding the vault will provide the principal barrier to the migration of radionuclides, should these be released from the emplaced wastes, knowledge and understanding of potential pathways through the rock mass and of the mechanisms of radionuclide transport and retention within the rock mass over the functional lifetime of the vault are fundamental requirements.Accordingly, the objectives of the geoscience research program (Dormuth and Scott 1984) are the following:(1) Develop and apply techniques to define the physical and chemical properties of large rock masses and of fluids within these rock masses.(2) Use these techniques in selected field research areas to calibrate and evaluate models developed to calculate fluid flow and mass transport through a large rock mass containing a hypothetical underground nuclear fuel waste-disposal vault.(3) Establish procedures to evaluate quantitatively rock bodies for their potential as disposal sites and thereby acquire the capability to compare different rock bodies.(4) Determine the long-term stability of plutonic rock masses by assessing the potential disturbance by seismic activity, glaciation, meteorite impact, and other disruptive events and processes.To achieve these objectives it has been necessary to undertake simultaneously a large number of research tasks involving the disciplines of geology, geophysics, hydrogeology, geomechanics, geochemistry, and mathematics. Some of these tasks are concerned primarily with regional aspects of the Canadian Shield, such as stress distribution, glaciation, and tectonic history; others with details of the surface and subsurface geology and hydrogeology of specific field research areas; and still others with the development and application of exploration technology to detect and evaluate the structural characteristics of igneous rock masses of relatively high integrity and uniformity. Field and office studies are supported by laboratory investigations of the physical and chemical properties of plutonic rocks, with specific reference to origin, history, and ability to retard or transmit radionuclides.Deep exploratory drilling and detailed surface mapping are carried out at designated field research areas in the Canadian Shield. Geoscience work at research areas has the two-fold purpose of (i) testing new and existing exploration techniques for the evaluation of rock masses; and (ii) through application of these airborne, surface, and subsurface techniques, providing the field data necessary for the development of concepts and models that form the basis for establishing site-selection criteria and performing safety analyses.The latest research areas have been established at Atikokan, Ontario, an area underlain by granitic rocks, and at East Bull Lake north of Massey, Ontario, where gabbroic rocks are the dominant type. These research areas complement previously established research areas developed on granitic rocks at AECL properties at Chalk River, Ontario, and Pinawa, Manitoba, and at a research area, also on granitic terrane, near White Lake, Ontario, where work was done early in the program to test geophysical exploration and borehole-logging equipment.The ability to predict subsurface geological and hydrogeological conditions at future waste-disposal sites is one of the primary goals of geoscience research in the Canadian Nuclear Fuel Waste Management Program (CNFWMP). One of the most important program elements designed to test this predictive capability was the construction of the Underground Research Laboratory (URL) in the Lac du Bonnet Batholith near the site of the Whiteshell Nuclear Research Establishment. Airborne, surface, and borehole methods were used to develop a geological model on the site, and hydrogeological investigations were carried out to establish preconstruction groundwater characteristics. As the excavation of the URL facilities proceeded, the geological features encountered and the changes in the hydrogeological systems were carefully monitored. These data are being used to assess and improve the geological and hydrogeological models being developed for the rock mass surrounding the URL.The URL provides an excellent opportunity to (i) study the effect of excavation techniques, heat, and stress on a rock mass; (ii) simulate and study the complex systems that may exist in a disposal vault environment; and (iii) develop and test shaft- and drift-sealing techniques. Recently, a bilateral agreement between AECL and the United States Department of Energy was signed for co-operative research on nuclear fuel waste disposal. A substantial part of this co-operative effort will be directed toward extension of the URL shaft beyond its present depth of 240 m and conducting a variety of nonnuclear experiments within the shaft and excavated chambers of the URL.From the time of formalization of CNFWMP over 10 years ago, a concerted effort has been made by AECL and other program participants to ensure both peer review of and widespread accessibility to results of research arising from CNFWMP. This symposium is the third to be sponsored by the Geological Association of Canada (GAC)—the two previous symposiums were held at GAC annual meetings in Winnipeg in 1982 and Toronto in 1978. In addition to these major symposia, general information meetings sponsored by AECL have been held annually at various centres across Canada, and research elements of CNFWMP formed a significant part of the technical program for an international meeting held by the Canadian Nuclear Society in Winnipeg in September 1986.Since 1979 the CNFWMP review process has been further enhanced by the Technical Advisory Committee chaired by L. W. Shemilt, McMaster University. This committee, comprising members nominated by major Canadian scientific and technical societies including the Canadian Geoscience Council, has annually provided a publicly available report of constructive criticism and recommendations for improvement in the research content of CNFWMP.During the second half of 1988 it is expecte

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18

SHIMADA, Jun. "Present situation of Canadian underground research laboratory." Journal of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan / Atomic Energy Society of Japan 28, no. 3 (1986): 232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3327/jaesj.28.232.

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19

Tatarinov, V. N., V. N. Morozov, A. I. Manevich, and T. A. Tatarinova. "UNDERGROUND RESEARCH LABORATORY: TO THE PROGRAM OF GEOMECHANICAL RESEARCH." Radioactive waste, no. 2 (2019): 101–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25283/2587-9707-2019-2-101-118.

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20

Rashid, K. Y., and E. O. Kenaschuk. "A flax rust containment research laboratory at Agriculture Canada Research Station, Morden, Manitoba." Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 13, no. 1 (March 1991): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07060669109500971.

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21

OSAWA, Hideaki, Toshinobu NOGAMI, Masato HOSHINO, Hiroaki TOKUNAGA, and Hidehiko HORIKOSHI. "Risk Communication at Horonobe Underground Research Center, Using the Public Information House and Underground Research Laboratory." Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Environment 26, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3327/jnuce.26.1_45.

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22

Martino, J. B., and N. A. Chandler. "Excavation-induced damage studies at the Underground Research Laboratory." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 41, no. 8 (December 2004): 1413–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2004.09.010.

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23

Abramov, A. A., L. A. Bolshov, A. N. Dorofeeev, I. M. Igin, K. S. Kazakov, V. Y. Krasilnikov, I. I. Linge, N. N. Trokhov, and S. S. Utkin. "UNDERGROUND RESEARCH LABORATORY IN THE NIZHNEKANSKIY MASSIF: EVOLUTIONARY DESIGN STUDY." Radioactive Waste 10, no. 1 (2020): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25283/2587-9707-2020-1-9-21.

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24

Semba, Takeshi. "Overview of the Results of JAEA’s Underground Research Laboratory Projects." Journal of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan 62, no. 4 (2020): 186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3327/jaesjb.62.4_186.

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25

MIZUNO, Takashi, Daisuke AOSAI, Shinya SHINGU, Hiroki HAGIWARA, Yuhei YAMAMOTO, and Akari FUKUDA. "Hydrochemical Changes Associated with Construction of Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory." Transactions of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan 12, no. 1 (2013): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3327/taesj.j12.008.

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Chandler, N. "Developing tools for excavation design at Canada's Underground Research Laboratory." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 41, no. 8 (December 2004): 1229–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2004.09.002.

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Tsuruta, Tadahiko, Masahiko Tagami, Kenji Amano, Toshiyuki Matsuoka, Arata Kurihara, Yasuhiro Yamada, and Katsuaki Koike. "Geological Investigations for Geological Model of Deep Underground Geoenvironment at the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory (MIU)." Journal of the Geological Society of Japan 119, no. 2 (2013): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5575/geosoc.2011.0010.

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AJIMA, Shuji, Norifumi TODAKA, Teruki IWATSUKI, and Ryoji FURUE. "Hydrogeochemical Modeling around the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory using Multivariate Analysis." Journal of the Japan Society of Engineering Geology 47, no. 3 (2006): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5110/jjseg.47.120.

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SATO, Toshinori, Shin-ichiro MIKAKE, Masanori IMAZU, and Masanori SAKAMAKI. "Total Evaluation Method in Bidding of Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory Project." Journal of Construction Management, JSCE 11 (2004): 369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/procm.11.369.

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Young, R. P., and D. S. Collins. "Seismic studies of rock fracture at the Underground Research Laboratory, Canada." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 38, no. 6 (September 2001): 787–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1365-1609(01)00043-0.

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Martin, C. D. "Characterizing in situ stress domains at the AECL Underground Research Laboratory." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 27, no. 5 (October 1, 1990): 631–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t90-077.

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The Underground Research Laboratory access shaft was excavated from the surface to about the 185 m depth in jointed pink granite. Below this depth to the 443 m depth the shaft was excavated in massive grey granite. The grey granite is essentially unjointed, except for a major low-dipping thrust fault and associated minor splays. Overcoring, hydraulic fracturing, convergence measurements, microseismic monitoring, and observations of shaft-wall failure and core discing indicate that unusually high in situ stresses can be associated with large volumes of massive, unjointed granite at fairly shallow depth. The database of in situ stress measurements collected at the Underground Research Laboratory indicates that major geological features, such as thrust faults, can act as boundaries for in situ stress domains and that both the magnitude and direction of the in situ stress state can change when these geological features are traversed. Key words: in situ stress, anisotropy, stress domains, thrust faults, overcoring, hydraulic fracturing, convergence measurements, excavation damage zones.

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KUZYK, G. W., D. P. ONAGI, S. G. KEITH, and G. R. KARKLIN. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF LONG BLAST ROUNDS AT AECL’S UNDERGROUND RESEARCH LABORATORY." Mineral Resources Engineering 04, no. 03 (September 1995): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0950609895000230.

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Read, R. S. "20 years of excavation response studies at AECL's Underground Research Laboratory." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 41, no. 8 (December 2004): 1251–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2004.09.012.

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Tsuruta, Tadahiko, and Shinji Takeuchi. "Geoscientific research of the deep geological environment at the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory (MIU)." Journal of the Geological Society of Japan 119, no. 2 (2013): III—IV. http://dx.doi.org/10.5575/geosoc.2012.0075.

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35

Blatz, James A., Nelson J. Ferreira, and James Graham. "Effects of near-surface environmental conditions on instability of an unsaturated soil slope." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 41, no. 6 (December 1, 2004): 1111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t04-058.

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In 1999, after a period of extensive rainfall, two shallow slope failures developed in the right-of-way of Provincial Road 259 near Virden, Manitoba. The rainfall caused dissipation of soil suction in the near-surface soil, thereby reducing shear resistance and triggering failure. A research project was initiated between the Geotechnical Group at the University of Manitoba and the Manitoba Department of Highways and Transportation to assess the mechanism of failure. The project included a field investigation program, laboratory testing program, and advanced numerical modeling to identify the cause of failure. The results demonstrate that the rainfall resulted in dissipation of the suction in the soil slope, resulting in a reduction in the soil shear strength that triggered shallow failures. The dissipation of the soil suction has been modeled using a time-dependent seepage model that accounts for the flux boundary condition that existed at the ground surface.Key words: slope stability, unsaturated soils, laboratory tests, soil suction, seepage modeling, flux boundary.

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36

Takeuchi, Shinji, Hiromitsu Saegusa, Kenji Amano, and Ryuji Takeuchi. "Hydrogeological characterization of deep subsurface structures at the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory." Journal of the Geological Society of Japan 119, no. 2 (2013): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5575/geosoc.2011.0013.

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37

Lee, Jeong-Hwan, Jeong Hyoun Yoon, Soo-Gin Kim, Ki-Yeoul Seong, and Sun-Joung Lee. "The Role of Underground Research Laboratory Contributing to Siting Process in France." Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers 54, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 358–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12972/ksmer.2017.54.4.358.

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Iwatsuki, T., R. Furue, H. Mie, S. Ioka, and T. Mizuno. "Hydrochemical baseline condition of groundwater at the Mizunami underground research laboratory (MIU)." Applied Geochemistry 20, no. 12 (December 2005): 2283–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2005.09.002.

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39

Delay, Jacques, Agnès Vinsot, Jean-Marie Krieguer, Hervé Rebours, and Gilles Armand. "Making of the underground scientific experimental programme at the Meuse/Haute-Marne underground research laboratory, North Eastern France." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 32, no. 1-7 (January 2007): 2–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2006.04.033.

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40

Bignell, L. J., E. Barberio, M. B. Froehlich, G. J. Lane, O. Lennon, I. Mahmood, F. Nuti, et al. "SABRE and the Stawell Underground Physics Laboratory Dark Matter Research at the Australian National University." EPJ Web of Conferences 232 (2020): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023201002.

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The direct detection of dark matter is a key problem in astroparticle physics that generally requires the use of deep-underground laboratories for a low-background environment where the rare signals from dark matter interactions can be observed. This work reports on the Stawell Underground Physics Laboratory – currently under construction and the first such laboratory in the Southern Hemisphere – and the associated research program. A particular focus will be given to ANU’s contribution to SABRE, a NaI:Tl dark matter, direct detection experiment that aims to confirm or refute the long-standing DAMA result. Preliminary measurements of the NaI:Tl quenching factor and characterisation of the SABRE liquid scintillator veto are reported.

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41

Bizyaev, Aleksey, Natalia Voronkina, Andrey Savchenko, and Michail Cupov. "The noncontact determination technique research of dangerously loaded zones in the underground mining." E3S Web of Conferences 134 (2019): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913401004.

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The electromagnetic radiation signals associated with the destruction of rock samples were studied under field and laboratory conditions. The parameters of the signal were found that preceded the violation of the integrity of the rock in laboratory studies. It is shown that the highest efficiency of the method of electromagnetic radiation is achieved when predicting the dynamic manifestations of rock pressure in the form of rock shock.

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42

ONOE, Hironori, Hiromitsu SAEGUSA, and Ryuji TAKEUCHI. "GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELING IN CONSTRUCTION PHASE OF THE MIZUNAMI UNDERGROUND RESEARCH LABORATORY PROJECT." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. C (Geosphere Engineering) 72, no. 1 (2016): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejge.72.13.

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Kuzyk, Gregory W., and Sangki Kwon. "Application of controlled blasting during the construction of the Canadian underground research laboratory." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 21, no. 3-4 (May 2006): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2005.12.105.

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44

Thompson, P. M., and N. A. Chandler. "In situ rock stress determinations in deep boreholes at the Underground Research Laboratory." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 41, no. 8 (December 2004): 1305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2004.09.003.

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45

Chandler, N. A. "Bored raise overcoring for in situ stress determination at the underground research laboratory." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 30, no. 7 (December 1993): 989–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(93)90058-l.

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46

Goodman, H. E., S. W. Imbus, T. Espie, C. Minnig, U. Rösli, T. Fierz, and Y. Lettry. "Large Rock Mass Experimentation @ Mont Terri Underground Research Laboratory – CO2 Containment Assurance Experiments." Energy Procedia 114 (July 2017): 5139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1668.

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47

Cho, Won-Jin, Sangki Kwon, and Jung-Hwa Park. "KURT, a small-scale underground research laboratory for the research on a high-level waste disposal." Annals of Nuclear Energy 35, no. 1 (January 2008): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2007.05.011.

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48

Kononov, V. V., V. L. Tikhonovsky, S. S. Guralev, I. A. Bychkova, S. S. Utkin, and V. S. Svitelman. "Potential of a "Digital Twin" Technology for the Purposes of Research in the Nizhnekanskiy Rock Mass Underground Research Laboratory." Radioactive Waste 11, no. 2 (2020): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.25283/2587-9707-2020-2-99-108.

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The paper highlights key aspects associated with the introduction of advanced digital technologies under the development of large complex industrial facilities. It considers the applicability of a "digital twin" technology in the development of an underground research facility in the Niznekanskiy massif (Krasnoyarsk territory) (URF NKM).

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49

Michael, Karsten, Ludovic Ricard, Linda Stalker, and Allison Hortle. "The CSIRO In-Situ Laboratory: a field laboratory for derisking underground gas storage." APPEA Journal 61, no. 2 (2021): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj20144.

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The industry in western Australia has committed to addressing their carbon emissions in response to the governments aspiration of net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Natural gas will play an important role in the transition to a fully renewable energy market but will require the geological storage of carbon dioxide to limit emissions and enable the production of blue hydrogen. Underground storage of energy in general (e.g. natural gas, hydrogen, compressed air) will be needed increasingly for providing options for temporary storage of energy from renewable resources and for energy export. Storage operations would need to provide adequate monitoring systems in compliance with yet to be defined regulations and to assure the public that potential leakage or induced seismicity could be confidently detected, managed and remediated. The In-Situ Laboratory in the southwest of western Australia was established in 2019 as a research field site to support low emissions technologies development and provides a unique field site for fluid injection experiments in a fault zone and testing of monitoring technologies between 400m depth and the ground surface. The site currently consists of three wells instrumented with fibre optics, pressure, temperature and electric resistivity sensors as well as downhole geophones. A controlled release of CO2 and various water injection tests have demonstrated the ability to detect pressure and temperature effects associated with fluid injection. Future experiments planned at the site will help in improving the sensitivity of monitoring technologies and could contribute to defining adequate monitoring requirements for carbon dioxide, hydrogen and other energy storage operations.

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Aertsens, M., N. Maes, L. Van Ravestyn, and S. Brassinnes. "Overview of radionuclide migration experiments in the HADES Underground Research Facility at Mol (Belgium)." Clay Minerals 48, no. 2 (May 2013): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2013.048.2.01.

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AbstractIn situ migration experiments using different radiotracers have been performed in the HADES Underground Research Facility (URF), built at a depth of 225 m in the Boom Clay formation below the SCK–CEN nuclear site at Mol (Belgium). Small-scale experiments, mimicking laboratory experiments, were carried out with strongly retarded tracers (strontium, caesium, europium, americium and technetium). Contrary to europium, americium and technetium which are subjected to colloid mediated transport, the transport of strontium and caesium can be described by the classic diffusion retardation formalism. For these last two tracers, the transport parameters derived from the in situ experiments can be compared with the laboratory-derived values. For both tracers, the apparent diffusion coefficients measured in the in situ experiments agree well with the laboratory-derived values.In the large-scale experiments (of the order of metres) performed in the URF, non-retarded or slightly retarded tracers (HTO, iodide and H14CO3–) were used. The migration behaviour of these tracers was predicted based on models applied in performance assessment calculations (classic diffusion retardation) using migration parameter values measured in laboratory experiments. These blind predictions of large-scale experiments agree well in general with the experimental measurements. Fitting the experimental in situ data leads to apparent diffusion coefficients close to those determined by the laboratory experiments. The iodide and H14CO3– data were fitted with a simple analytical expression, and the HTO data were additionally fitted numerically with COMSOL multiphysics, leading to about the same optimal values.

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