Journal articles: 'Underground Solar greenhouses'

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Bryjak, Marek, Nalan Kabay, Enver Güler, and Barbara Tomaszewska. "Concept for energy harvesting from the salinity gradient on the basis of geothermal water." WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy 4, no. 2 (December 13, 2018): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32438/wpe.6118.

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The use of renewable energy resource is usually directed to solar, wind or hydroelectric stations. However, there are other sources for getting the ‘green energy’. One of them is geothermal source, the energy stored in the underground fluids. In the world, geothermal water is used mostly for heating purposes, greenhouses, agriculture, for generation of warm water, therapeutic and recreational purposes and to generate electricity in power stations. After these uses, geothermal water is usually seen as waste water. This research presents the idea for innovative energy harvesting from the salinity gradient on the basis of waste geothermal water. Two methods are analyzed to be used: capacitive mixing (CAPMIX) and reverse electrodialysis (RED). The aim of the research concept is analysis for testing the applicability of both methods in energy harvesting from mixing of saline geothermal water and RO brine with water, before its re-injection to underground reservoirs.

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Matyakubov, Amirhan, Kakageldi Saryyev, Serdar Nazarov, and Gulshat Gurbanova. "Design of the Heat Pipe Helium Greenhouse for the Effective Use of the Soil Heat." E3S Web of Conferences 288 (2021): 01068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128801068.

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This scientific work presents the results of scientific research on the use and accumulation of solar energy for heat supply of a solar greenhouse. For a real assessment of the problem, the following information can be cited as an example: in a greenhouse with a total area of 234 m2 covered with polyethylene film must be installed, on the average, with 6-8 furnaces to provide a certain amount of warm air. One furnace consumes about 2448 m3/h of natural gas for four months, and during this time 8.6 kg of carbon dioxide (CO2) is emitted from one furnace. As a result, taking into account the payment for the consumption of natural gas, the problem of the cost of the obtained products, energy conservation, and also environmental protection is very urgent. To solve this problem, a solar greenhouse with an additional heating chamber was constructed at the research site of the State Energy Institute of Turkmenistan. In this structure, excess of solar and heat energy of the soil was accumulated in mountain stones, and carbon dioxide that emits soil (horse manure was used as a soil) was used to feed the Chlorella vulgaris suspension grown in the photobioreactor, which in its turn had a beneficial effect on its cultivation. To transfer heated air from the additional heating chamber to the solar greenhouse and the accumulated thermal energy of the soil, polyethylene pipes with holes were used. Due to the use of the heat capacity of the materials (rock stones), a two-layer coating of the structure, compaction of the northern side with wool and accumulated heat energy, it was possible to achieve a positive temperature in the solar greenhouse in the minus environmental values. The technologies and processes considered in this research are mainly renewable energies and technical (chemical reactions) solutions such as photovoltaic (PV) modules, phase exchange material (PCM), underground heat storage technologies, energy efficient heat pumps and facade materials for the better heat insulation. The obtained results of the research work can be applied in solar greenhouses, the construction of which is planned in the areas remote from the central power supply network, since heat supply is carried out using solar energy and electric lighting is implemented due to the solar panels with a built-in LED lamp. It should be borne in mind that the intensity of solar radiation on the territory of Turkmenistan fluctuates in the range of 700-800 W/m2, which indicates the huge possibilities of using solar energy.

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K. Kurata and T. Takakura. "UNDERGROUND STORAGE OF SOLAR ENERGY FOR GREENHOUSES HEATING. I. ANALYSIS OF SEASONAL STORAGE SYSTEM BY SCALE AND NUMERICAL MODELS." Transactions of the ASAE 34, no. 2 (1991): 0563–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.31700.

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Mohammadi, Saleh, Esmail Khalife, Mohammad Kaveh, Amir Hosein Afkari Sayyah, Ali Mohammad Nikbakht, Mariusz Szymanek, and Jacek Dziwulski. "Comparison of Optimized and Conventional Models of Passive Solar Greenhouse—Case Study: The Indoor Air Temperature, Irradiation, and Energy Demand." Energies 14, no. 17 (August 28, 2021): 5369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175369.

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This study was carried out to optimize a computational model of a new underground passive solar greenhouse to improve thermal performance, storage, and saving of heat solar energy. Optimized and conventional passive solar greenhouse were compared in regards of indoor air temperature, irradiation, and energy demand. Six different materials were used in the conventional model. In addition, TRNSYS software was employed to determine heat demand and irradiation in the greenhouse. The results showed that the annual total heating requirement in the optimized model was 30% lower than a conventional passive solar system. In addition, the resulting average air temperature in the optimized model ranged from −4 to 33.1 °C in the four days of cloud, snow, and sun. The average air temperature in the conventional passive solar greenhouse ranged from −8.4 to 24.7 °C. The maximum monthly heating requirement was 796 MJ/m2 for the Wtype87 model (100-mm lightweight concrete block) and the minimum value was 190 MJ/m2 for the Wtype45 model (50-mm insulation with 200-mm clay tile) in a conventional passive solar greenhouse while the monthly heating requirement estimated 126 MJ/m2 for the optimized greenhouse model. The predictability of the TRNSYS model was calculated with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 95.95%.

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Bombelli, G., M. Cocilovo, B. Morgana, F. Parrini, D. Polenghi, and S. Pulvirenti. "TESTS ON A GREENHOUSE EQUIPPED WITH SOLAR INPUT SURPLUS UNDERGROUND STORAGE SYSTEM." Acta Horticulturae, no. 245 (August 1989): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1989.245.22.

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Kozai, T. "THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF A SOLAR GREENHOUSE WITH AN UNDERGROUND HEAT STORAGE SYSTEM." Acta Horticulturae, no. 257 (December 1989): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1989.257.20.

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Dar, Jehangir. "Solar splitting day-lighting system “SolsDays”: the first beam splitting day-lighting system." Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 9, no. 2 (August 30, 2019): 130–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sasbe-06-2018-0035.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the first and novel beam splitting day-lighting system possessing highest possible solar transmission efficiency to provide illumination to the core and underground areas of any structure/building. Design/methodology/approach In this system, by using a number of individually pointable thin and light optical elements mounted on a top of structure/building, the solar light is concentrated. The concentrated beam is focussed to a secondary reflecting element which directs it to a beam splitter while passing through a Fresnel lens and a horizontal solar pipe. The beam splitter located inside the structure/building splits the solar beam into a number of secondary beams using a special arrangement of a number of inbuilt light guiding optical elements inside the beam splitter. The beam splitter produces a desired number of beams which are then redirected to the beam diffusers with the help of the solar pipe and the solar pipe joint which deflects the light at the angle of 90°. Findings The system considers the use of highly sophisticated and the highly efficient optical elements so that to attain the highest possible end-to-end efficiency of the system. The system has the highest potential to transport the solar energy to larger distances than all the available day-lighting systems and possesses the potential to be used for underground human colonisation. Research limitations/implications The widespread adoption of such a system could substantially reduce energy consumption worldwide, which would contribute to bring down the increasing slope in the graph of greenhouse gases. Originality/value The paper presents the novel beam splitting day-lighting system.

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Angmo, Phunchok, Joginder S. Chandel, Anand Kumar Katiyar, Konchok Targais, O. P. Chaurasia, and Tsering Stobdan. "Zero Energy Overwinter Storage of Apple Nursery Plants in trans-Himalayan Ladakh, India." Defence Life Science Journal 3, no. 2 (March 23, 2018): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.3.12178.

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Studies were conducted during 2015 and 2016 to assess the effects of storage conditions on survival of nursery plants in trans-Himalayan Ladakh region. Apple nursery plants raised under warm climatic conditions of Solan (Himachal) were lifted from nurseries in first week of January and stored upto March in cold Ladakh region. Underground cellar-stored plants showed significantly higher plant survival (92 to 94%) than greenhouse-stored plants (37 to 56% survival). Low and constant temperature (-1.5±4.1 to 10.0±1.4ºC) and absence of light inside the cellar were favorable factors for storage of nursery plants. Lower survival rates of greenhouse-stored plants could be attributed to lower and greater fluctuations in temperature (-9.3±1.7to 25.1±1.9ºC) inside the greenhouse. Cellar-stored plants were less subjected to freezing injury as reflected from shoot electrolyte leakage studies. The underground cellar was found effective for overwinter storage of apple nursery plants for 3 to 4 months. The method described is easy and cost-effective, and can be a satisfactory alternative to refrigerated cold storage in trans-Himalayan region with severe winters.

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Xu, J., Y. Li, R. Z. Wang, and W. Liu. "Performance investigation of a solar heating system with underground seasonal energy storage for greenhouse application." Energy 67 (April 2014): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.049.

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K. Kurata and T. Takakura. "UNDERGROUND STORAGE OF SOLAR ENERGY FOR GREENHOUSE HEATING. IL COMPARISON OF SEASONAL AND DAILY STORAGE SYSTEMS." Transactions of the ASAE 34, no. 5 (1991): 2181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.31856.

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Sarada, S. Naga, Banoth Hima Bindu, Sri Rama R. Devi, and Ravi Gugulothu. "Solar Water Distillation Using Two Different Phase Change Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 2409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.2409.

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In recent years with the exacerbation of energy shortage, water crisis increases around the world. With the continuous increase in the level of greenhouse gas emissions, the use of various sources of renewable energy is increasingly becoming important for sustainable development. Due to the rising oil price and environmental regulations, the demand of utilizing alternative power sources increased dramatically. Alternative energy and its applications have been heavily studied for the last decade. Energy and water are essential for mankind that influences the socioeconomic development of any nation. Pure water resources become more and more scarce every day as rivers, lakes wells and even seawater pollution rapidly increases. Solar energy is one promising solution to secure power and potable water to future generation. The process of distillation can be used to obtain fresh water from salty, brackish or contaminated water. Water is available in different forms such as sea water, underground water, surface water and atmospheric water. Clean water is essential for good health. The search for sustainable energy resources has emerged as one of the most significant and universal concerns in the 21st century. Solar energy conversion offers a cost effective alternative to our traditional usages. Solar energy is a promising candidate in many applications. Among the alternative energy sources used for electricity production, wind and solar energy systems have become more attractive in recent years. For areas where electricity was not available, stand alone wind and solar systems have been increasingly used. The shortage of drinking water in many countries throughout the world is a serious problem. Humankind has depended for ages on river, sea water and underground water reservoirs for its fresh water needs. But these sources do not always prove to be useful due to the presence of excessive salinity in the water. To resolve this crisis, different methods of solar desalination have been used in many countries. Distillation is a well known thermal process for water purification, most importantly, water desalination. Most of the conventional water distillation processes are highly energy consuming and require fossil fuels as well as electric power for their operation. Single basin solar still is a popular solar device used for converting available brackish or waste water into potable water. Because of its lower productivity, it is not popularly used. Numbers of works are under taken to improve the productivity and efficiency of the solar still. There are large numbers of PCMs that melt and solidify at wide range of temperatures, making them attractive in a number of applications. PCMs have been widely used in latent heat thermal storage systems for heat pumps, solar engineering and spacecraft thermal control applications. The use of PCMs for heating and cooling applications for buildings has been investigated within the past decade. The experimental results computed in the field of water distillation process using solar energy in the presence of energy storage materials sodium sulphate and sodium acetate are discussed in this paper. Keywords: solar energy, saline water, distillation, phase change material.

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Abdallah, Lamiaa, and Tarek El-Shennawy. "Reducing Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Electricity Sector Using Smart Electric Grid Applications." Journal of Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/845051.

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Approximately 40% of global CO2emissions are emitted from electricity generation through the combustion of fossil fuels to generate heat needed to power steam turbines. Burning these fuels results in the production of carbon dioxide (CO2)—the primary heat-trapping, “greenhouse gas” responsible for global warming. Applying smart electric grid technologies can potentially reduce CO2emissions. Electric grid comprises three major sectors: generation, transmission and distribution grid, and consumption. Smart generation includes the use of renewable energy sources (wind, solar, or hydropower). Smart transmission and distribution relies on optimizing the existing assets of overhead transmission lines, underground cables, transformers, and substations such that minimum generating capacities are required in the future. Smart consumption will depend on the use of more efficient equipment like energy-saving lighting lamps, enabling smart homes and hybrid plug-in electric vehicles technologies. A special interest is given to the Egyptian case study. Main opportunities for Egypt include generating electricity from wind and solar energy sources and its geographical location that makes it a perfect center for interconnecting electrical systems from the Nile basin, North Africa, Gulf, and Europe. Challenges include shortage of investments, absence of political will, aging of transmission and distribution infrastructure, and lack of consumer awareness for power utilization.

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Casasso, Alessandro, Pietro Capodaglio, Fulvio Simonetto, and Rajandrea Sethi. "Environmental and Economic Benefits from the Phase-out of Residential Oil Heating: A Study from the Aosta Valley Region (Italy)." Sustainability 11, no. 13 (July 2, 2019): 3633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133633.

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Although its use is declining, oil heating is still used in areas not covered by the methane grid. Oil heating is becoming more and more expensive, requires frequent tank refill operations, and has high emissions of greenhouse gas (GHG) and air pollutants such as SOx. In addition, spills from oil underground storage tanks (USTs) represent a serious environmental threat to soil and groundwater quality. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis on technical alternatives to oil heating with reference to the Aosta Valley (NW Italy), where this fuel is still often used and numerous UST spills have been reported in the last 20 years. We assess operational issues, GHG and pollutant emissions, and unit costs of the heat produced for several techniques: LPG boilers, wood boilers (logs, chips, pellets) and heat pumps (air-source, geothermal closed-loop and open-loop systems). We examine the investment to implement such solutions in two typical cases, a detached house and a block of flats, deriving payback times of about 3–8 years. Wood log boilers turn out to be the most economically convenient solutions; however, heat pumps provide several benefits from the operational and environmental points of view. In addition, including solar thermal panels for domestic hot water or a photovoltaic plant would have payback times of about 6–9 years. The results highlight the economic feasibility and the multiple benefits of a rapid phase-out of oil heating in Italy.

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Li, Zhiyong, Xinglong Ma, Yunsheng Zhao, and Hongfei Zheng. "Study on the Performance of a Curved Fresnel Solar Concentrated System With Seasonal Underground Heat Storage for the Greenhouse Application." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 141, no. 1 (August 20, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4040839.

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A solar heating system in greenhouse driven by Fresnel lens concentrator is built in this study. This system uses a soil thermal storage for greenhouse to supply heat in the absence of sunlight, ensuring the safety of the growth of crops. The structure and working principle of the device are introduced in this paper. The underground soil temperature was tested, compared with the indoor and outdoor temperature. The experimental testing result is given. A research shows that when the heating pipe buried 1.65 m underground, the time of heat transfer to the ground is about 5 days. The overall temperature rise of the soil is about 4 °C. In the condition of the coldest weather without additional energy supplement, the greenhouse's temperature is guaranteed above 8 °C, which can ensure the minimum temperature requirements of crop growth. According to the structural parameters of the existing system, the simulation of underground soil heat transfer and heat storage performance was carried out. Then, the temperature curves of different buried depths of the tube are given. The soil temperature steady time in different pipe-buried depths of heat storage temperature is theoretically calculated. It is proved that, to achieve the seasonal thermal storage in this system, the buried depth of the pipe should be over 2.5 m.

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Ozgener, Onder, and Leyla Ozgener. "Three Cooling Seasons Monitoring of Exergetic Performance Analysis of an EAHE Assisted Solar Greenhouse Building." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 135, no. 2 (November 28, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4007938.

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The present manuscript experimentally investigated the exergetic performance (efficiency) of a closed loop earth to air heat exchanger (underground air tunnel) in the cooling mode. The experimental system was commissioned in June 2009 and experimental data collecting have been conducted since then. The data, consisting of hourly thermodynamics records a year cooling period, 2009–2011, were measured in the Solar Energy Institute of the Bornova Campus at Ege University. At the present time, the database contains more than 40,000 records of measurements. Exergetic efficiencies value of the system and system components have been analyzed. Furthermore, a long term exergetic modeling of a closed loop earth-to-air heat exchanger solar greenhouse cooling system for system analysis and performance assessment is presented. Exergetic efficiency of the system and its compenents at various reference states are also determined.

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Schlehahn, Danielle, Alyssa Boudreau, Braden Barber, Braden Kowalchuk, Brette Langman, and Jason Worobec. "Can a Greenhouse Be Established on Mars?" USURJ: University of Saskatchewan Undergraduate Research Journal 4, no. 1 (September 20, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.32396/usurj.v4i1.265.

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This study investigates the potential of establishing a greenhouse on Mars. In order to sustain a greenhouse on Mars, the variables that must be considered are water, soil, atmosphere, light, temperature, design, and plants. Water is present on Mars in the form of ice in frozen soil. Water extraction can be achieved by heating, microwaves, or humidifier type devices. The water that is extracted is highly salty. However, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, or biological treatments can be used to treat the water. By using an underground irrigation system, this water can be applied directly to plant roots. Soil is readily available on Mars, and, with the exception of reactive nitrogen, this soil contains the nutrients required for plant growth. Nitrogen fixers, such as Cyanobacteria, can convert nitrogen from the atmosphere into reactive nitrogen. This reactive nitrogen can be directly applied to the plants. The atmosphere of Mars contains 95.32% Carbon Dioxide, 2.7% Nitrogen, 1.6% Argon, 0.13% Oxygen and 0.08% Carbon Monoxide. Mars' atmosphere is very thin so it has difficulty capturing solar energy, but this difficulty can be overcome by creating more greenhouse gases on the planet via thawing the poles using orbital mirrors, creating greenhouse gas factories, or smashing ammonia heavy asteroids into the planet. Artificial light can also be used to supply solar energy. Temperatures on Mars fluctuate between 35 to - 90 degrees Celsius, depending on the season. To overcome these large fluctuations, a radioisotope heater can be used to maintain temperatures within the greenhouse between the ideal 0 - 40 degrees Celsius. Robots or humans can set up and maintain the greenhouse. Plants that are to be grown in a greenhouse on Mars must be able to sustain human life by providing the proper nutrients. These include soybeans, spinach, mushrooms, wheat, Spirulina platensis (cyanobacteria supplementation) and seaweed. Ultimately, this research suggests that building and maintaining a Martian greenhouse may be feasible in the future by utilizing a number of techniques and technologies.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Underground Solar greenhouses'

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