Books: 'Underlying assumptions'

1

Stuart, Henry, ed. Criminological theory: An analysis of its underlying assumptions. 2nd ed. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield, 2006.

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2

Alvey, Jim. Philosophical and value assumptions underlying Jevon's political economy. North Ryde, N.S.W: School of Economic and Financial Studies, Macquarie University, 1987.

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3

Stuart, Henry, ed. Criminological theory: An analysis of its underlying assumptions. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1995.

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4

Marzano, Robert J. Analyzing two assumptions underlying the scoring of classroom assessments. [Washington, DC]: U.S. Dept. of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement, Educational Resources Information Center, 2000.

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5

Mwabu, Germano. User charges for health care: A review of the underlying theory and assumptions. Helsinki: UNU World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU/WIDER), 1997.

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6

Mwabu, Germano M. User charges for health care: A review of the underlying theory and assumptions. Helsinki, Finland: UNU World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU/WIDER), 1997.

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7

Youth and government's fight against HIV/AIDS in Zambia: A closer look at some underlying assumptions. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Organisation for Social Science Research in Eastern and Southern Africa, 2009.

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8

Lyles, Marjorie A. Problem formulation and organizational decision-making: Biases and assumptions underlying alternative models of strategic problem formulation. [Urbana, Ill.]: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, College of Commerce and Business Administration, 1985.

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9

Herbert, David. The faces of origins: A historical survey of the underlying assumptions from the early church to postmodernism. London, Ont: D & I Herbert Pub., 2004.

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10

Holm, Ivar. Ideas and beliefs in architecture and industrial design: How attitudes, orientations, and underlying assumptions shape the built environment. Oslo: Arkitektur- og designhøgskolen i Oslo, 2006.

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11

Ideas and beliefs in architecture and industrial design: How attitudes, orientations, and underlying assumptions shape the built environment. Oslo: Arkitektur- og designhøgskolen i Oslo, 2006.

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12

Herbert, David. The faces of origins: A historical survey of the underlying assumptions from the early church to the twenty-first century. Kitchener, Ont: Joshua Press, 2012.

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13

eLearning: Underlying Assumptions and Helpful Hints. Themo Publishing/Engvig, 2002.

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14

Mascini, Peter. Comparing Assumptions Underlying Regulatory Inspection Strategies. Edited by Shanna R. Van Slyke, Michael L. Benson, and Francis T. Cullen. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199925513.013.25.

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15

The Key To Understanding Origins The Underlying Assumptions. Joshua Press, 2013.

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16

Marlow, Toni-Lou. An examination of the epistemological assumptions underlying educational software. 1995.

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17

Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or.), ed. Stocking levels and underlying assumptions for uneven-aged ponderosa pine stands. [Portland, Or.] (333 S.W. First St., P.O. Box 3890, Portland 97208-3890): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1992.

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18

Beck, Robert W. An analysis of the economic assumptions underlying fiscal plans FY1981-FY1984. 1986.

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19

Theoretical Perspectives in Environment-Behavior Research: Underlying Assumptions, Research Problems, and Methodologies. Springer, 2011.

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20

(Editor), Seymour Wapner, Jack Demick (Editor), C. Takiji Yamamoto (Editor), and Hiroufmi Minami (Editor), eds. Theoretical Perspectives in Environment-Behavior Research - Underlying Assumptions, Research Problems and Methodologies. Springer, 1999.

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21

Simpson, Erika. Canada's contrasting alliance commitments and the underlying beliefs and assumptions of NATO defenders and critics. 1995.

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22

Tackling Child Malnutrition in Ethiopia: Do the Sustainable Development Poverty Programme's Underlying Policy Assumptions Reflect Local Realities? Not Avail, 2005.

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23

A Revisitation of the Ecological Perspectives on Emotional/Behavioral Disorders: Underlying Assumptions and Implications for Education and Treatment (Third Ccbd Mini-Library Series). Council for Exceptional Children, 1999.

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24

Warren-Findley, Jannelle. Public History, Cultural Institutions, and National Identity. Edited by Paula Hamilton and James B. Gardner. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199766024.013.17.

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Public surveys in Anglophone countries suggest that many individuals learn most of their history from family or cultural institutions, rather than from reading scholarship or sitting in classrooms. As histories of silenced groups, forgotten tribes, and ignored communities gain a place in the contemporary narrative of national histories, we must explore the methods and assumptions used by those who created the intellectual and legal frameworks that determine who in the past were represented as historical players and why others were not. Analyzing public policy documents can help us understand the cultural assumptions underlying historic preservation decisions. Modifying or rethinking those assumptions entirely can permit us to “dialogue across difference” and work for inclusive cultural identities in our public places.

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25

Stanghellini, Giovanni. What is a symptom? Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198792062.003.0021.

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This chapter explains that the concept of symptom covers a vast array of indexicalities, focusing on the bio-medical concept of ‘symptom’. In biological medicine, a symptom is an index for diagnosis and the epiphenomenon of an underlying pathology. In the biomedical paradigm, symptoms have causes, rather than meanings. In general, causality goes from aetiology (e.g. a virus), to symptom(s) (breathing difficulties), to dysfunction (poor physical performance due to blood hypo-oxygenation, and thus reduced adaptation of the person to his or her environment). Another important assumption is that symptoms are considered accidental, i.e. non-essential to the living organism. Many of these assumptions—if we apply this paradigm to the field of psychic pathology— are at least controversial, or even counterfactual.

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26

Walter, Meyerstein F., Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. Departament de Filosofia., and Seminar on Cosmological Models (1987 : Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), eds. Foundations of big bang cosmology: Reflections by a group of physicists and philosophers from the universities of Barcelona and Paris on the basic assumptions underlying contemporary cosmology : Barcelona, Spain, Sept.-Dec. 1987. Singapore: World Scientific, 1989.

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27

Furst, Eric M., and Todd M. Squires. Passive microrheology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199655205.003.0003.

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The underlying theory of passive microrheology is introduced as an in-depth examination of the Generalized Stokes-Einstein Relation (GSER) from the starting point of the Langevin equation. The chapter includes a careful treatment of the assumptions that must be made for the technique to work, and what happens when these assumptions are violated. Methods of interpreting passive microrheology experiments and the general limits of operation are highlighted. The Generalized Stokes-Einstein Relation (GSER) is the principal defining equation of passive microrheology. It is a physical relation between the thermal motion of probe particles and the material rheology. Specifically, it relates the observable displacement of the probe particles to the surrounding material’s rheological response.

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28

Balboni, Michael J., and Tracy A. Balboni. The Sacramental Nature of Medicine. Edited by Michael J. Balboni and Tracy A. Balboni. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199325764.003.0011.

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There is an underlying structural bond between medicine and religious monotheism. There are shared assumptions, values, and institutional structures that create a deep underlying unity between these two spheres. There are five broadly shared connections between secular medicine and the monotheistic religions—especially akin to Jewish and Christian traditions—where medicine and religion mirror one another in values and structures. These five points of connection include sickness/sin, the role of the healing mediator, therapy, patient disposition, and the healing milieu. When the spheres of medicine and religion become overtly disconnected from one another as partners, as now is the case in secular medicine, medicine rises perilously to the level of a functional-like religion. While contemporary medicine attempts to be consciously neutral toward traditional religions, medicine’s internal structures mirror deeper religious concepts, in tension with secular interpretations.

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29

Furst, Eric M., and Todd M. Squires. Microrheology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199655205.001.0001.

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We present a comprehensive overview of microrheology, emphasizing the underlying theory, practical aspects of its implementation, and current applications to rheological studies in academic and industrial laboratories. Key methods and techniques are examined, including important considerations to be made with respect to the materials most amenable to microrheological characterization and pitfalls to avoid in measurements and analysis. The fundamental principles of all microrheology experiments are presented, including the nature of colloidal probes and their movement in fluids, soft solids, and viscoelastic materials. Microrheology is divided into two general areas, depending on whether the probe is driven into motion by thermal forces (passive), or by an external force (active). We present the theory and practice of passive microrheology, including an in-depth examination of the Generalized Stokes-Einstein Relation (GSER). We carefully treat the assumptions that must be made for these techniques to work, and what happens when the underlying assumptions are violated. Experimental methods covered in detail include particle tracking microrheology, tracer particle microrheology using dynamic light scattering and diffusing wave spectroscopy, and laser tracking microrheology. Second, we discuss the theory and practice of active microrheology, focusing specifically on the potential and limitations of extending microrheology to measurements of non-linear rheological properties, like yielding and shear-thinning. Practical aspects of magnetic and optical tweezer measurements are preseted. Finally, we highlight important applications of microrheology, including measurements of gelation, degradation, high-throughput rheology, protein solution viscosities, and polymer dynamics.

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30

Lambert, Jason R., and Myrtle P. Bell. Diverse Forms of Difference. Edited by Quinetta M. Roberson. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199736355.013.0002.

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The purpose of this chapter is to provide a review of the state of diversity in management literature, including the most recent conceptualizations and measures developed for studying diversity among individuals within organizations. Background on the theoretical and empirical development of surface-level and deep-level diversity is provided. Turning then to separation, variety, and disparity, the chapter will discuss the meaning, form, and assumptions underlying each type of diversity, and offers guidelines for conceptualization, measurement, and theory testing of each. The authors summarize the findings and suggest ideas for future research to move the diversity field forward.

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31

Roskies, Adina L., and Carl F. Craver. Philosophy of Neuroscience. Edited by Paul Humphreys. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199368815.013.40.

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The experimental study of the brain has exploded in the past several decades, providing rich material for both philosophers of science and philosophers of mind. In this chapter, the authors summarize some central research areas in philosophy of neuroscience. Some of these areas focus on the internal practice of neuroscience, that is, on the assumptions underlying experimental techniques, the accepted structures of explanations, the goals of integrating disciplines, and the possibility of a unified science of the mind-brain. Other areas focus outwards on the potential impact that neuroscience is having on our conception of the mind and its place in nature.

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32

Roskies, Adina L., and Carl F. Craver. Philosophy of Neuroscience. Edited by Paul Humphreys. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199368815.013.40_update_001.

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The experimental study of the brain has exploded in the past several decades, providing rich material for both philosophers of science and philosophers of mind. In this chapter, the authors summarize some central research areas in philosophy of neuroscience. Some of these areas focus on the internal practice of neuroscience, that is, on the assumptions underlying experimental techniques, the accepted structures of explanations, the goals of integrating disciplines, and the possibility of a unified science of the mind-brain. Other areas focus outwards on the potential impact that neuroscience is having on our conception of the mind and its place in nature.

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33

Singer, Abraham A. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190698348.003.0014.

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The conclusion reviews the arguments that have been offered throughout the book. This book started with some basic presuppositions that represent the underlying normative commitments of the liberal democratic market societies we find ourselves in. This chapters reviews the critique offered of the Chicago School of economics, the normative account of corporate productivity, as well as the prescriptions offered for corporate law, corporate governance, and business ethics, that were offered in light of these presuppositions. Graphical representations are offered for each of the theories reviewed. The chapter concludes with a methodological reflection on the nature of immanent critique and the role of idealizing assumptions in political theory.

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34

D'Arcy, Alexandra. Variation and Change. Edited by Robert Bayley, Richard Cameron, and Ceil Lucas. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199744084.013.0024.

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This chapter notes that the ultimate concern of variationist sociolinguistics is the evolution of linguistic systems and the mechanisms which operate on them. One feature that offers particularly good insight into these issues is the quotative be like, a relatively recent and robust change that has affected varieties of English worldwide. The chapter illustrates the types of theoretical issues that be like has been used to explore, beginning with the quantitative paradigm and the analytical assumptions underlying variationist work on direct quotation. It argues that what makes be like such a useful and powerful heuristic for testing theories of language change is variation and the constraints which operate upon it.

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35

Barton, Gregory A. Roots of the Organic Challenge. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199642533.003.0001.

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The introduction briefly surveys the developments that have taken place in the last 500 years relating to the growth of crown capitalism, monoculture, the rise of international trading regimes, the impact of industrial farming, and the scientific and romantic reaction that gave birth to organic farming. Organic farming merged romanticism, holism, ecology, science, and desiccation theory, and fitted within the larger environment movement that spanned from the nineteenth century to the present. It placed an emphasis on wholeness and change that inverted or rejected the main philosophical assumptions underlying scientific rationalism realism and re-introduced into mainstream European culture elements of immanence and mysticism.

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36

Ho, Daniel E., and Michael Morse. New Measurement Technologies. Edited by Lee Epstein and Stefanie A. Lindquist. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579891.013.32.

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This chapter reviews measurement technologies that have rapidly invigorated the study of judicial behavior, examining the standard approach to measuring judicial “ideal points” and discussing how such measures have facilitated broad new lines of inquiry in understanding judicial decision-making. But the measures, as this chapter explains, are no panacea. Proper use and interpretation depend critically on qualitative assumptions and understanding of underlying case law. This chapter argues that the way forward combines jurisprudentially meaningful data collection with advances in measurement technologies. These concepts are illustrated by empirically informing a long-standing debate about the effect of the Nuremberg trial on Justice Jackson’s jurisprudence.

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37

Auyoung, Elaine. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190845476.003.0007.

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The conclusion of this book calls attention to the relationship between comprehending realist fiction and Aristotle’s claim that mimetic representation provides a form of aesthetic pleasure distinct from our response to what is represented. It also argues that, by demonstrating how much nineteenth-century novelists depend on the knowledge and abilities that readers bring to a text, cognitive research on reading helps us revisit long-standing theoretical assumptions in literary studies. Because the felt experience of reading is so distinct from the mental acts underlying it, knowing more about the basic architecture of reading can help literary critics refine their claims about what novels can and cannot do to their readers.

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38

Pölönen, Janne. Framing “Law and Society” in the Roman World. Edited by Paul J. du Plessis, Clifford Ando, and Kaius Tuori. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198728689.013.2.

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Common interests in Roman law have brought Romanists and historians to a close and invaluable dialogue. Whether it is understanding law in a social context or society in light of law, historians without legal training tend to have different expectations about the role played by the law in society than lawyers, and not without controversy. This chapter explores lawyers’ and historians’ approaches to Roman law, and their underlying law and society assumptions, against the background of legal science and sociology of law traditions. It suggests that contemporary socio-legal scholarship, in dialogue with legal science, provides a sound theoretical and methodological framework for the study of law and society in Roman world.

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39

Shields, James Mark. Zen and the Art of Treason. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190664008.003.0004.

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Chapter 4, “Zen and the Art of Treason: Renegade Priests of Late Meiji,” explores the rise and eventual fall of so-called radical Buddhism in the closing decade of the Meiji period—a time marked by the Russo-Japanese War and its aftermath. Radical Buddhism is defined here as the self-conscious use of Buddhist doctrines, ideas, or principles to foment resistance to the imperial state, and it takes on various forms during this tumultuous period. This chapter examines and explores the life and work of two “renegade” monks—Takagi Kenmyō and Uchiyama Gudō—in order to explore the underlying assumptions, problems, and possibilities of Buddhist-inspired radical politics in late Meiji and subsequent decades.

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40

Snyder, James. Coercive Family Processes and the Development of Child Social Behavior and Self-Regulation. Edited by Thomas J. Dishion and James Snyder. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199324552.013.10.

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This chapter (1) examines the multiple ways in which coercive processes may be manifested during family interaction in addition to their more blatant, aversive forms, including emotion dismissing, invalidating, intrusive/controlling social actions; (2) assesses the role of higher cognitive processing and control in coercive social interaction in the context of previous assumptions that coercive processes are primarily overlearned and automatic; (3) examines the utility of extensions of environmental main effects models of coercive processes by explicitly focusing on synergistic models that involve child temperamental self-regulatory capacities (reflecting underlying molecular genetic and neurobiological mechanisms); and (4) assesses the role of coercive family processes in relation to borderline features and trauma/PTSD.

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41

Hemmelgarn, Anthony L., and Charles Glisson. Relationship-centered versus Individual-centered Human Service Organizations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190455286.003.0013.

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The chapter explains that relationship-centered organizations place a priority on developing and sustaining a network of inter-organizational and intra-organizational relationships to serve clients. Case studies drawn from the authors’ experiences in human service organizations illustrate the application of this principle, including ensuring that strong networks are in place to serve clients and maintaining underlying beliefs, assumptions, and mindsets of service providers that support network development. Research and examples illustrate the importance of establishing effective relationships among service providers, between service providers and clients, and throughout the network of stakeholders associated with clients. A case study illustrates how the ARC process fosters a relationship-centered approach with external stakeholders to achieve client success.

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42

Donaghue, Ngaire. Discursive Psychological Approaches to the (Un)making of Sex/Gender. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190658540.003.0006.

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Discursive psychologists question the taken-for-granted status of the categories that are used to classify and investigate human experience (Potter & Edwards, 1996). Instead of assuming the “reality” of sex/gender and conducting empirical investigations into the qualities that characterize “each” of the sexes, discursive psychologists investigate how the concepts of “sex” and “gender” are constructed through their use in both scientific and everyday contexts. For discursive psychologists, there are no “pregiven” meanings attached to the categories of sex/gender. What these categories mean, what they signify, is a matter of negotiation and consensus. This chapter concerns how discursive psychologists have challenged the various assumptions underlying traditional sex differences research and considers alternate approaches drawn from discursive psychology to asking questions about sex/gender.

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43

Kurucz, Elizabeth C., Barry A. Colbert, and David Wheeler. The Business Case for Corporate Social Responsibility. Edited by Andrew Crane, Dirk Matten, Abagail McWilliams, Jeremy Moon, and Donald S. Siegel. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199211593.003.0004.

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The purpose of this article is to provide a general summary of the key value propositions evident in the research on the business case for corporate social responsibility (CSR), described as four general ‘types’ of the business case, or four modes of value creation. It then presents a critique of these approaches (including identifying some problems inherent in the construct of CSR itself) and offers some principles for constructing a ‘better’ business case. Its intent is not to conduct a thorough review of studies analyzing the relationship between CSR and financial performance, as that has been well done elsewhere. Rather it seeks to unearth assumptions underlying dominant approaches in an effort to build a more robust business case for CSR that can move beyond existing limitations.

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44

Gegout, Catherine. Why Europe Intervenes in Africa. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190845162.001.0001.

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Why Europe Intervenes in Africa analyzes the underlying causes of all European decisions for and against military interventions in conflicts in African states since the late 1980s. It focuses on the main European actors who have deployed troops in Africa: France, the United Kingdom and the European Union. When conflict occurs in Africa, the response of European actors is generally inaction. This can be explained in several ways: the absence of strategic and economic interests, the unwillingness of European leaders to become involved in conflicts in former colonies of other European states, and sometimes the Eurocentric assumption that conflict in Africa is a normal event which does not require intervention. When European actors do decide to intervene, it is primarily for motives of security and prestige, and not primarily for economic or humanitarian reasons. The weight of past relations with Africa can also be a driver for European military intervention, but the impact of that past is changing. This book offers a theory of European intervention based mainly on the approaches of realism and post-colonialism. It refutes the assumptions of liberals and constructivists who posit that states and organizations intervene primarily in order to respect the principle of the “responsibility to protect.”

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45

Moran, Richard. The Expression of Feeling in Imagination. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190633776.003.0001.

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The aesthetic engagement with fictions involves emotional responses of various kinds, and it is often urged that there is a paradox in the idea of emotions directed at what one knows to be a fictional situation or character. This paper examines some of the assumptions about imagination and emotion underlying the sense of paradox here, and critically examines Kendall Walton’s influential account of the problem in terms of his theory of make-believe. The paper argues that original paradox rests on a picture of the activity of imagination as restricted to the representation of states of affairs, and that this suggests an unreal discontinuity between our emotional aesthetic responses and our actual everyday lives. The final section discusses a problem from Hume concerning the phenomenon of moral and emotional resistance in imagination.

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46

Kropf, Nancy P., and Sherry M. Cummings. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190214623.003.0003.

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Chapter 3, “Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Theory and Practice,” presents the history, examines the theoretical underpinnings, and explains the essential skills and techniques of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Theoretical principles, such as cognitive distortions, underlying assumptions and schema, and their presentation in older adults, are discussed. The treatment approach of CBT is outlined, including the nature of the therapeutic relationship, changing cognitions, behavioral strategies, the use of homework in treatment, and special considerations and adaptations for practice with older clients. Various contexts and settings where CBT is implemented are summarized, such as individual and group settings within community-based, acute-care, and long-term-care facilities. The chapter ends with the case example of cognitive behavioral treatment with an older female caregiver, which highlights and illustrates CBT practice with older adults.

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47

Bayley, Robert. Variationist Sociolinguistics. Edited by Robert Bayley, Richard Cameron, and Ceil Lucas. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199744084.013.0001.

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The central ideas of variationist sociolinguistics are that an understanding of language requires an understanding of variable as well as categorical processes, and that the variation witnessed at all levels of language is not random. Rather, linguistic variation is characterized by orderly or “structured heterogeneity.” In addition, synchronic variation is often a reflection of diachronic change. This chapter reviews representative studies and outlines the main assumptions underlying the variationist approach. It presents an example of variationist analysis, using the well-known case of variation between Spanish null and overt subject personal pronouns. Then, the chapter considers a number of relatively recent developments in variationist sociolinguistics including the expansion of the variationist paradigm into new areas such as second-language acquisition and sign linguistics, as well as recent work that combines ethnographic observation and quantitative analysis.

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48

Hemmelgarn, Anthony L., and Charles Glisson. Participatory-based versus Authority-based Human Service Organizations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190455286.003.0012.

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This chapter introduces ARC’s principle of being participatory based. This principle requires the active, open participation of front-line staff, middle managers, and top administrators in decisions about practices and policies that affect the well-being of clients served by their organization. It counters the conflicting priority of prescribing change in a top-down manner without the benefit of the experience of those closest to service provision. The chapter explains how participatory-based organizations impact staff discretion, motivation, learning, and engagement with clients and reviews the empirical evidence that supports participatory-based approaches. This evidence includes research in social cognition and neuroscience. Case examples illustrate the positive impact of participatory approaches on service provider and client outcomes, outlining their influence through norms and expectations as well as underlying beliefs and assumptions.

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49

Sugden, Robert. The Invisible Hand. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825142.003.0006.

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Chapter 6 presents a new formulation of Adam Smith’s ‘invisible hand’ argument. The underlying idea is that markets are valuable because they provide opportunities for voluntary transactions (rather than because they satisfy preferences). I propose a ‘Strong Interactive Opportunity Criterion’ which requires that all opportunities for feasible and non-dominated transactions within groups of individuals are made available to those individuals. I define competitive equilibrium without making assumptions about the rationality of individuals’ choices and show that the Strong Interactive Opportunity Criterion is satisfied in every competitive equilibrium of an exchange economy. This result is analogous with the classic theorems that every competitive equilibrium is Pareto-efficient and is in the ‘core’ of the economy. I extend these results to ‘storage economies’ in which trade and consumption take place over time and in which individuals’ choices may be dynamically inconsistent.

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50

Dewar, Jacqueline M. Developing a Researchable Question. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821212.003.0003.

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Chapter 2 describes how to convert a problem or question about teaching or learning into a researchable question. It uses a taxonomy of scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) questions—What works? What is? What could be?—derived from the work of Carnegie scholars to guide the framing of a question. Since initially, most SoTL questions are quite broad, the chapter considers several methods for refining questions. It discusses how to conduct searches of educational literature and why they are valuable when developing a question. It shows how to use disciplinary knowledge and situational factors to refine a question. It describes how identifying underlying assumptions and considering feasibility can help to further refine or perhaps reformulate SoTL research questions. Multiple examples from and references to published SoTL studies of teaching and learning in science engineering and mathematics are provided.

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Books on the topic 'Underlying assumptions'

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