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Journal articles on the topic 'Underlying cognitive deficits'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 13 April 2024

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1

Stanford, George, and Thomas Oakland. "Cognitive Deficits Underlying Learning Disabilities." School Psychology International 21, no. 3 (2000): 306–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143034300213007.

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Dodd, Barbara, Judi Leahy, and Gail Hambly. "Phonological disorders in children: Underlying cognitive deficits." British Journal of Developmental Psychology 7, no. 1 (1989): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-835x.1989.tb00788.x.

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3

Loe, Irene M., Heidi M. Feldman, Enami Yasui, and Beatriz Luna. "Oculomotor Performance Identifies Underlying Cognitive Deficits in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 48, no. 4 (2009): 431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/chi.0b013e31819996da.

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Wilmer, Jeremy B., Alexandra J. Richardson, Yue Chen, and John F. Stein. "Two Visual Motion Processing Deficits in Developmental Dyslexia Associated with Different Reading Skills Deficits." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 16, no. 4 (2004): 528–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892904323057272.

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Developmental dyslexia is associated with deficits in the processing of visual motion stimuli, and some evidence suggests that these motion processing deficits are related to various reading subskills deficits. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying such associations. This study lays a richer groundwork for exploration of such mechanisms by more comprehensively and rigorously characterizing the relationship between motion processing deficits and reading subskills deficits. Thirty-six adult participants, 19 of whom had a history of developmental dyslexia, completed a battery o

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Sagar, H. J. "Specificity of Cognitive Impairment in Neurological Disease: A Methodological Critique of Parkinson’s Disease." Behavioural Neurology 4, no. 2 (1991): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1991/625647.

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Multiple cognitive deficits have been recognized in many neurological disorders but the specificity of the findings and the relationship to the underlying neuropathology remain obscure. Definitions of dementia have been proposed based on symptom profiles of the cognitive disorder and qualitative differences have been claimed between dementias of different aetiology. Some conditions have been claimed to show patterns of cognitive deficit that are distinguished from dementia and related to specific neuropathology or psychological processes, e.g. frontal lobe deficits in Parkinson's disease. Some

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Cory-Slechta, Deborah. "Delineating behavioral domains underlying lead-induced cognitive deficits." Neurotoxicology and Teratology 32, no. 4 (2010): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2010.04.005.

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McPhilemy, Genevieve, Leila Nabulsi, Liam Kilmartin, et al. "Neuroanatomical Dysconnectivity Underlying Cognitive Deficits in Bipolar Disorder." Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging 5, no. 2 (2020): 152–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.09.004.

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Kalezic, Nevena, Ivan Dimitrijevic, Ljubica Leposavic, et al. "Postoperative cognitive deficits." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 134, no. 7-8 (2006): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh0608331k.

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Cognitive dysfunctions are relatively common in postoperative and critically ill patients. This complication not only compromises recovery after surgery, but, if persistent, it minimizes and compromises surgery itself. Risk factors of postoperative cognitive disorders can be divided into age and comorbidity dependent, and those related to anesthesia and surgery. Cardiovascular, orthopedic and urologic surgery carries high risk of postoperative cognitive dysfunction. It can also occur in other types of surgical treatment, especially in elderly. Among risk factors of cognitive disorders, associa

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Nieto, Rodrigo R., Hernán Silva, Alejandra Armijo, et al. "BDNF and Cognitive Function in Chilean Schizophrenic Patients." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 13 (2023): 10569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310569.

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Despite cognitive symptoms being very important in schizophrenia, not every schizophrenic patient has a significant cognitive deficit. The molecular mechanisms underlying the different degrees of cognitive functioning in schizophrenic patients are not sufficiently understood. We studied the relation between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cognitive functioning in two groups of schizophrenic patients with different cognitive statuses. According to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) results, the schizophrenic patients were classified into two subgroups: normal cognition (26 or

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Zulkifli, Nathratul Ayeshah, JesJeet Singh Gill Jeswant Singh, and Ng Chong Guan. "Sudden Cognitive Decline in Bipolar Mood Disorder Patient with Underlying Severe Tardive Dyskinesia After the Failure of His Deep Brain Stimulation Device Battery." Malaysian Journal of Science Health & Technology 7, no. 3 (2021): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/mjosht.v7i3.163.

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Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic mood disorder associated with multiple comorbidities. Structural and functional abnormalities in these subjects’ brains have been related to cognitive deficits correlated with the severity of the mood symptoms. These deficits are also present in euthymic states, indicating a trait characteristic. Bipolar subjects would risk developing tardive dyskinesia due to being exposed to long periods of antipsychotic treatment. Unfortunately, the presence of tardive dyskinesia is also associated with worsening cognition. One treatment option for severe tardive dyskinesi

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Trompeta, Clara, Beatriz Fernández Rodríguez, and Carmen Gasca-Salas. "What Do We Know about Theory of Mind Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease?" Behavioral Sciences 11, no. 10 (2021): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs11100130.

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Theory of mind (ToM) is a social cognitive skill that involves the ability to attribute mental states to self and others (what they think (cognitive ToM) and feel (affective ToM)). We aim to provide an overview of previous knowledge of ToM in Parkinson’s disease (PD). In the last few years more attention has been paid to the study of this construct as a non-motor manifestation of PD. In advanced stages, both components of ToM (cognitive and affective) are commonly impaired, although in early PD results remain controversial. Executive dysfunction correlates with ToM deficits and other cognitive

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Rosenberg-Lee, M., L. Kondos, M. Barth, D. Geary, and V. Menon. "Neural deficits underlying Mathematical Disability in Children." NeuroImage 47 (July 2009): S110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(09)70986-3.

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Bishop, D. V. M. "Cognitive Neuropsychology and Developmental Disorders: Uncomfortable Bedfellows." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 50, no. 4 (1997): 899–923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713755740.

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Cognitive neuropsychology provides a theoretical framework and methods that can be of value in the study of developmental disorders, but the “dissociation” logic at the centre of this approach is not well suited to the developmental context. This is illustrated with examples from specific language impairment. Within the developing language system there is ample evidence for interaction between levels of representation, with modularity emerging in the course of development. This means that one typically is seeking to explain a complex pattern of associated impairments, rather than highly select

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Chaudhary, Shefali, Simon Zhornitsky, Herta H. Chao, Christopher H. van Dyck, and Chiang-Shan R. Li. "Emotion Processing Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease: An Overview of Behavioral Findings, Systems Neural Correlates, and Underlying Neural Biology." American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementias® 37 (January 2022): 153331752210828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15333175221082834.

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We described behavioral studies to highlight emotional processing deficits in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The findings suggest prominent deficit in recognizing negative emotions, pronounced effect of positive emotion on enhancing memory, and a critical role of cognitive deficits in manifesting emotional processing dysfunction in AD. We reviewed imaging studies to highlight morphometric and functional markers of hippocampal circuit dysfunction in emotional processing deficits. Despite amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli, hippocampal dysfunction conduces to deficits in emotional memory. Final

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Liu, Teresa C., Sun M. Yoo, Myung S. Sim, Yash Motwani, Nisha Viswanathan, and Neil S. Wenger. "Perceived Cognitive Deficits in Patients With Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 and Their Association With Post–COVID-19 Condition." JAMA Network Open 6, no. 5 (2023): e2311974. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.11974.

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ImportanceNeuropsychiatric symptoms are common in acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and in post–COVID-19 condition (PCC; colloquially known as long COVID), but the association between early presenting neuropsychiatric symptoms and PCC is unknown.ObjectiveTo describe the characteristics of patients with perceived cognitive deficits within the first 4 weeks of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the association of those deficits with PCC symptoms.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective cohort study was conducted from April 2020 to February 2021, with follow-up of 60 to 90 days. The cohort consisted of a

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Margolin, David I., Debra Sue Pate, Frances J. Friedrich, and Elizabeth Elia. "Dysnomia in dementia and in stroke patients: Different underlying cognitive deficits." Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 12, no. 4 (1990): 597–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01688639008401004.

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Geary, David C., Mary K. Hoard, Jennifer Byrd-Craven, Lara Nugent, and Chattavee Numtee. "Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying Achievement Deficits in Children With Mathematical Learning Disability." Child Development 78, no. 4 (2007): 1343–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01069.x.

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Yurgelun-Todd, D. A., and C. S. Waternaux. "Cognitive deficits underlying verbal memory function in schizophrenic patients and controls." Schizophrenia Research 4, no. 3 (1991): 396–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-9964(91)90343-p.

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19

Young, JW, and MA Geyer. "Developing treatments for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia: The challenge of translation." Journal of Psychopharmacology 29, no. 2 (2014): 178–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881114555252.

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Schizophrenia is a life-long debilitating mental disorder affecting tens of millions of people worldwide. The serendipitous discovery of antipsychotics focused pharmaceutical research on developing a better antipsychotic. Our understanding of the disorder has advanced however, with the knowledge that cognitive enhancers are required for patients in order to improve their everyday lives. While antipsychotics treat psychosis, they do not enhance cognition and hence are not antischizophrenics. Developing pro-cognitive therapeutics has been extremely difficult, however, especially when no approved

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Fang, Congcong, Longqin Lv, Shanping Mao, Huimin Dong, and Baohui Liu. "Cognition Deficits in Parkinson’s Disease: Mechanisms and Treatment." Parkinson's Disease 2020 (March 24, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2076942.

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder mainly in middle-elderly population, which represents diverse nonmotor symptoms (NMS) besides such well-documented motor symptoms as bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, and postural instability. With the advancement of aging trend worldwide, the global prevalence of PD is mounting up year after year. Nowadays, accumulating lines of studies have given a comprehensive and thorough coverage of motor symptoms in PD. Yet much less attention as compared has been paid to the nonmotor symptoms of PD, such as

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Bocarsly, Miriam E., Maria Fasolino, Gary A. Kane, et al. "Obesity diminishes synaptic markers, alters microglial morphology, and impairs cognitive function." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 51 (2015): 15731–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1511593112.

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Obesity is a major public health problem affecting overall physical and emotional well-being. Despite compelling data suggesting an association between obesity and cognitive dysfunction, this phenomenon has received relatively little attention. Neuroimaging studies in obese humans report reduced size of brain regions involved in cognition, but few studies have investigated the cellular processes underlying cognitive decline in obesity or the influence of obesity on cognition in the absence of obesity-related illnesses. Here, a rat model of diet-induced obesity was used to explore changes in br

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Argenbright, Cassie M., Alysia M. Bertlesman, Izabella M. Russell, Tracy L. Greer, Yuan B. Peng, and Perry N. Fuchs. "The Fibromyalgia Pain Experience: A Scoping Review of the Preclinical Evidence for Replication and Treatment of the Affective and Cognitive Pain Dimensions." Biomedicines 12, no. 4 (2024): 778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12040778.

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Fibromyalgia is a chronic, widespread pain disorder that is strongly represented across the affective and cognitive dimensions of pain, given that the underlying pathophysiology of the disorder is yet to be identified. These affective and cognitive deficits are crucial to understanding and treating the fibromyalgia pain experience as a whole but replicating this multidimensionality on a preclinical level is challenging. To understand the underlying mechanisms, animal models are used. In this scoping review, we evaluate the current primary animal models of fibromyalgia regarding their translati

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Rodríguez-Sánchez, José Manuel, Benedicto Crespo-Facorro, Cesar González-Blanch, Rocío Pérez-Iglesias, and José Luis Vázquez-Barquero. "Cognitive dysfunction in first-episode psychosis: the processing speed hypothesis." British Journal of Psychiatry 191, S51 (2007): s107—s110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.191.51.s107.

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BackgroundSpeed of processing is a cognitive process underlying cognitive dysfunction in people with chronic schizophreniaAimsTo investigate the contribution of speed of processing to the cognitive deficits observed in a representative large sample with first-episode schizophreniaMethodPeople with a diagnosis of first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (n=26) and healthy controls (n=28) were compared on several cognitive measures before and after controlling for speed of processingResultsBefore controlling for speed of processing, patients and controls differed significantly on all cogni

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Onofri, Emanuela, Marco Mercuri, MariaLucia Salesi, Max Rapp Ricciardi, and Trevor Archer. "Cognitive Performance Deficits and Dysgraphia in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients." Open Medicine Journal 2, no. 1 (2015): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874220301501010006.

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Introduction: Agraphia or dysgraphia, observed often in early AD, encompasses a progressive disorganization and degeneration of the various components of handwriting. Methods: Deficits in writing ability, dysgraphia, and the relationship with other measures of cognitive decline were studied in a group of 30 patients, originating from the Lazio region, Rome, Italy, presenting a moderate to relatively severe stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Extent of dysgraphia and cognitive performance was compared with a matched group of healthy controls selected from the same region. Results: Several marked

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Tannock, Ian F., Tim A. Ahles, Patricia A. Ganz, and Frits S. van Dam. "Cognitive Impairment Associated With Chemotherapy for Cancer: Report of a Workshop." Journal of Clinical Oncology 22, no. 11 (2004): 2233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2004.08.094.

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Cognitive dysfunction may occur in some patients who receive chemotherapy. We provide a summary of an April 2003 workshop on this topic, that included medical oncologists, radiologists, clinical and experimental psychologists, and patient advocates. Current studies indicate that cognitive deficits are often subtle, although they are observed consistently in a proportion of patients, may be durable, and can be disabling. Deficits have been observed in a range of cognitive functions. Underlying mechanisms are unknown, although preliminary studies suggest there may be genetic predisposition and t

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Stradecki-Cohan, Holly M., Charles H. Cohan, Ami P. Raval, et al. "Cognitive Deficits after Cerebral Ischemia and Underlying Dysfunctional Plasticity: Potential Targets for Recovery of Cognition." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 60, s1 (2017): S87—S105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-170057.

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Russo, M., T. E. Van Rheenen, M. Shanahan, et al. "Neurocognitive subtypes in patients with bipolar disorder and their unaffected siblings." Psychological Medicine 47, no. 16 (2017): 2892–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329171700143x.

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BackgroundOur previous work revealed substantial heterogeneity in the cognitive profile of bipolar disorder (BD) due to the presence of three underlying cognitive subgroups characterized as: globally impaired, selectively impaired, or cognitively intact. In an effort to determine whether these subgroups are differentially related to genetic risk for the illness, we investigated whether cognitive deficits were more pronounced in unaffected siblings (UAS) of BD probands within identified clusters.MethodsCluster analysis was used to identify cognitive clusters in BD (N = 60). UAS (N = 49) were cl

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Gurd, J. M. "Verbal fluency deficits in Parkinson's disease: individual differences in underlying cognitive mechanisms." Journal of Neurolinguistics 13, no. 1 (2000): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0911-6044(99)00011-1.

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Palermo, Liana, Maria Cristina Cinelli, Laura Piccardi, et al. "Cognitive functions underlying prospective memory deficits: A study on traumatic brain injury." Applied Neuropsychology: Adult 27, no. 2 (2018): 158–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2018.1501374.

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McCarthy, Deirdre M., Genevieve A. Bell, Elisa N. Cannon, et al. "Reversal Learning Deficits Associated with Increased Frontal Cortical Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Tyrosine Kinase B Signaling in a Prenatal Cocaine Exposure Mouse Model." Developmental Neuroscience 38, no. 5 (2016): 354–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000452739.

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Prenatal cocaine exposure remains a major public health concern because of its adverse impact on cognitive function in children and adults. We report that prenatal cocaine exposure produces significant deficits in reversal learning, a key component of cognitive flexibility, in a mouse model. We used an olfactory reversal learning paradigm and found that the prenatally cocaine-exposed mice showed a marked failure to learn the reversed paradigm. Because brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a key regulator of cognitive functions, and because prenatal cocaine exposure increases the expressi

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Sun, Jiaming, Keli Jia, Mingtao Sun, et al. "The GluA1-Related BDNF Pathway Is Involved in PTSD-Induced Cognitive Flexibility Deficit in Attentional Set-Shifting Tasks of Rats." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 22 (2022): 6824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11226824.

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Background: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a severe psychological disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts, heightened arousal, avoidance, and flashbacks. Cognitive flexibility dysfunction has been linked with the emergence of PTSD, including response inhibition deficits and impaired attentional switching, which results in difficulties for PTSD patients when disengaging attention from trauma-related stimuli. However, the molecular mechanisms of cognitive flexibility deficits remain unclear. Methods: The animals were exposed to a single prolonged stress and electric foot shock (SP

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Ivanchak, N., E. L. Abner, S. A. Carr, et al. "Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Childhood Is Associated with Cognitive Test Profiles in the Geriatric Population but Not with Mild Cognitive Impairment or Alzheimer's Disease." Journal of Aging Research 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/729801.

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The frequency of ADHD in the aging population and its relationship to late-life cognitive decline has not been studied previously. To address this gap in our understanding, the Wender-Utah ADHD Rating scale (WURS) was administered to 310 geriatric subjects with cognitive status ranging from normal cognition to mild cognitive impairment to overt dementia. The frequency of WURS-positive ADHD in this sample was 4.4%. WURS scores were not related to cognitive diagnoses, but did show nonlinear associations with tasks requiring sustained attention. The frequency of ADHD appears stable across generat

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Vleugels, L., C. Lafosse, A. van Nunen, M. Charlier, P. Ketelaer, and E. Vandenbussche. "Visuoperceptual impairment in MS patients: nature and possible neural origins." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 7, no. 6 (2001): 389–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135245850100700608.

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Failures on visuoperceptual neuropsychological tasks (on neuropsychological tests of visuo-spatial perception or on tests concerning semantic properties of visual objects), may indicate focal deficits of visuoperceptual function, or could be the result of (an)other (peripheral) visual deficit(s), or be the effect of a more general cognitive decline. In multiple sclerosis (MS) patients exhibiting sufficient visual acuity and not showing severe cognitive deterioration, impairment on a comprehensive set of 31 visuoperceptual neuropsychological tasks was compared with spatial resolution deficits (

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Kovac, Aleksandra, Vojislava Bugarski-Ignjatovic, Snezana Tovilovic, Jasmina Boban, and Dusko Kozic. "Neurocognitive changes in cancer patients as a current challenge in psycho-oncology." Medical review 73, no. 11-12 (2020): 357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns2012357k.

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Introduction. Along with a high intensity emotional distress, cancer patients often face neurocognitive changes that are particularly pronounced after chemotherapy. Clinical features of neurocognitive deficits in non-central nervous system cancer patients. So far, studies have demonstrated that neurocognitive changes most often occur in domains of executive functions, attention and concentration, working memory, information processing speed and visuospatial abilities, but there is still no definite protocol for the diagnosis and management of this condition. Potential causal mechanisms and ris

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Hampson, R. E., R. A. España, G. A. Rogers, L. J. Porrino, and S. A. Deadwyler. "Mechanisms underlying cognitive enhancement and reversal of cognitive deficits in nonhuman primates by the ampakine CX717." Psychopharmacology 202, no. 1-3 (2008): 355–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-008-1360-z.

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LAU, MARK A., BRUCE K. CHRISTENSEN, LANCE L. HAWLEY, MICHAEL S. GEMAR, and ZINDEL V. SEGAL. "Inhibitory deficits for negative information in persons with major depressive disorder." Psychological Medicine 37, no. 9 (2007): 1249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291707000530.

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ABSTRACTBackgroundWithin Beck's cognitive model of depression, little is known about the mechanism(s) by which activated self-schemas result in the production of negative thoughts. Recent research has demonstrated that inhibitory dysfunction is present in depression, and this deficit is likely valence-specific. However, whether valence-specific inhibitory deficits are associated with increased negative cognition and whether such deficits are specific to depression per se remains unexamined. The authors posit the theory that inhibitory dysfunction may influence the degree to which activated sel

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Wolfsgruber, Steffen, Luca Kleineidam, Jannis Guski, et al. "Minor neuropsychological deficits in patients with subjective cognitive decline." Neurology 95, no. 9 (2020): e1134-e1143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000010142.

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ObjectiveTo determine the nature and extent of minor neuropsychological deficits in patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and their association with CSF biomarkers of Alzheimer disease (AD).MethodWe analyzed data from n = 449 cognitively normal participants (n = 209 healthy controls, n = 240 patients with SCD) from an interim data release of the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE). An extensive neuropsychological test battery was applied at baseline for which we established a latent, 5 cognitive domain factor st

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Williams, Jonathan, and Eric Taylor. "Dopamine Appetite and Cognitive Impairment in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder." Neural Plasticity 11, no. 1-2 (2004): 115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/np.2004.115.

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The underlying defects in ADHD (Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) are not yet clear. The current paper tests three existing theories: State Regulation, Cognitive Deficit, and Temporal Difference (TD) learning. We present computational simulations of the Matching Familiar Figures Task and compare these with the experimental results reported by Sonuga- Barke (2002). The TD model contains four parameters: the learning rate, discounting for future rewards, brittleness (randomness) of behavior, and action bias. The results show that the basic TD model accounts well for control performance i

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Kelly, Valerie E., Alexis J. Eusterbrock, and Anne Shumway-Cook. "A Review of Dual-Task Walking Deficits in People with Parkinson's Disease: Motor and Cognitive Contributions, Mechanisms, and Clinical Implications." Parkinson's Disease 2012 (2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/918719.

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Gait impairments in Parkinson's disease (PD) are exacerbated under dual-task conditions requiring the simultaneous performance of cognitive or motor tasks. Dual-task walking deficits impact functional mobility, which often requires walking while performing concurrent tasks such as talking or carrying an object. The consequences of gait impairments in PD are significant and include increased disability, increased fall risk, and reduced quality of life. However, effective therapeutic interventions for dual-task walking deficits are limited. The goals of this narrative review are to describe dual

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Kruiper, Caitlyn, Birgitte Fagerlund, Mette Ø. Nielsen, et al. "Associations between P3a and P3b amplitudes and cognition in antipsychotic-naïve first-episode schizophrenia patients." Psychological Medicine 49, no. 5 (2018): 868–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291718001575.

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AbstractBackgroundCognitive deficits are already present in early stages of schizophrenia. P3a and P3b event-related potentials (ERPs) are believed to underlie the processes of attention and working memory (WM), yet limited research has been performed on the associations between these parameters. Therefore, we explored possible associations between P3a/b amplitudes and cognition in a large cohort of antipsychotic-naïve, first-episode schizophrenia (AN-FES) patients and healthy controls (HC).MethodsSeventy-three AN-FES patients and 93 age- and gender-matched HC were assessed for their P3a/b amp

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DeGregorio, Lisa Joanne, and Sara McLean. "The Cognitive Profiles of Maltreated Children in Care and Their Educational Needs: Supporting Good Outcomes." Children Australia 38, no. 1 (2013): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2012.47.

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Children in care, who have been maltreated, consistently demonstrate poorer educational outcomes than their peers. A number of reasons have been suggested for this such as a lack of stability and opportunities, as compared to their peers. One possible contributor to the poorer educational attainment of children in care is their underlying cognitive vulnerabilities. Cognitive deficits in maltreated children are thought to arise as a result of the impact of trauma on the developing brain. These cognitive deficits include difficulties with executive functioning. Executive functioning abilities in

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Dawe, Gavin S., Ern Huei Joel Hwang, and Chay Hoon Tan. "Pathophysiology and Animal Models of Schizophrenia." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 38, no. 5 (2009): 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v38n5p425.

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Animal models of schizophrenia are important for research aimed at developing improved pharmacotherapies. In particular, the cognitive deficits of schizophrenia remain largely refrac- tory to current medications and there is a need for improved medications. We discuss the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and in particular the possible mechanisms underlying the cognitive deficits. We review the current animal models of schizophrenia and discuss the extent to which they meet the need for models reflecting the various domains of the symptomatology of schizophrenia, including positive symptoms, ne

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Ragazzoni, Aldo, Francesco Pinto, Rosanna Taiuti, and Maria Caterina Silveri. "Myotonic Dystrophy: An Electrophysiological Study of Cognitive Deficits." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 18, no. 3 (1991): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100031851.

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ABSTRACT:Patients with Myotonic Dystrophy (MyD) frequently suffer from a dysfunction of the primary sensory pathways, as documented by abnormalities of short-latency evoked potentials. Impairment of intellectual functions has been less extensively investigated. Short-latency brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) as well as long-latency auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 5 female and 6 male patients affected by MyD. A simple discrimination (“oddball”) paradigm was used to record ERPs to tones from Fz, Cz, Pz. Both BAEPs and ERPs were significantly altered as comp

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Rounis, Elisabeth, Ajay Halai, Gloria Pizzamiglio, and Matthew A. Lambon Ralph. "Characterising factors underlying praxis deficits in chronic left hemisphere stroke patients." Cortex 142 (September 2021): 154–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2021.04.019.

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Mukku, Shiva Shanker Reddy, Ajit Bhalchandra Dahale, Nagalakshmi Rajavoor Muniswamy, Krishna Prasad Muliyala, Palanimuthu Thangaraju Sivakumar, and Mathew Varghese. "Geriatric Depression and Cognitive Impairment—An Update." Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 43, no. 4 (2021): 286–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0253717620981556.

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Background: Depression and cognitive impairment often coexist in older adults. The relation between depression and cognitive impairment is complex. The objective of this article is to review recent literature on cognitive impairment in older adults with depression and provide clinicians an update. Methods: We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Psych Info for the articles published in the English language related to late-life depression (LLD)/geriatric depression and cognitive impairment. We considered original research articles, relevant systematic reviews, chapters, and impo

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DIXON, T., E. KRAVARITI, C. FRITH, R. M. MURRAY, and P. K. McGUIRE. "Effect of symptoms on executive function in bipolar illness." Psychological Medicine 34, no. 5 (2004): 811–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291703001570.

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Background. The relationship between cognitive function and symptomatology in bipolar disorder is unclear. This study assessed executive function during the manic, depressed and remitted stages of bipolar I disorder.Method. Tasks assessing phonological and semantic verbal fluency, the Hayling Sentence Completion Test, the Stroop Neuropsychological Screening Test and the Cognitive Estimates Test were administered to manic (n=15), depressed (n=15), and remitted (n=15) bipolar I patients, and to healthy controls (n=30). Multiple regression analyses and analyses of covariance were used to identify

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Mondino, Marine, Clément Dondé, Layla Lavallé, Frédéric Haesebaert, and Jérôme Brunelin. "Reality-monitoring deficits and visual hallucinations in schizophrenia." European Psychiatry 62 (October 2019): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2019.08.010.

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Abstract The presence of visual hallucinations in addition to auditory hallucinations (V + AH) is associated with poor prognosis in patients with schizophrenia. However, little consideration has been given to these symptoms and their underlying cognitive bases remain unclear. Based on cognitive models of hallucinations, we hypothesized that V + AH are underpinned by an impairment in reality-monitoring processes. The objective of the present study was to test whether reality-monitoring deficits were associated with V + AH in schizophrenia. This study examined reality-monitoring abilities in two

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Hill, Elisabeth L., and Uta Frith. "Understanding autism: insights from mind and brain." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 358, no. 1430 (2003): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2002.1209.

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Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and communication as well as repetitive behaviours and restricted interests. The consequences of this disorder for everyday life adaptation are extremely variable. The general public is now more aware of the high prevalence of this lifelong disorder, with ca . 0.6% of the population being affected. However, the signs and symptoms of autism are still puzzling. Since a biological basis of autism was accepted, approaches from developmental cognitive neuroscience have been applied to further our understanding of the au

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Wang, Zan, Yonggui Yuan, Jiayong You, and Zhijun Zhang. "Disrupted structural brain connectome underlying the cognitive deficits in remitted late-onset depression." Brain Imaging and Behavior 14, no. 5 (2019): 1600–1611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11682-019-00091-x.

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Baluchnejadmojarad, Tourandokht, Hossein Zeinali, and Mehrdad Roghani. "Scutellarin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive deficits in the rat: Insights into underlying mechanisms." International Immunopharmacology 54 (January 2018): 311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2017.11.033.

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