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Nair, Viji, Viji Dina Nazri, Angela Lau, Rozita Hashim, Clare Ratnasingham, and Murallitharan Munisamy. "Impact of a Targeted Free Mammography Screening Program for Underprivileged Women in Malaysia." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 3 (2018): 28s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.10320.
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Purpose Breast cancer remains the most prevalent cancer among Malaysians today. Almost two thirds of patients are diagnosed in the late stages of disease, stage III to IV, with poorer outcomes. In addition, evidence has also revealed that most of patients who present in these late stages are those from poorer socioeconomic backgrounds. Women from underprivileged backgrounds have been found to have poorer health-seeking behavior, especially in terms of screening for cancer. This is for a number of reasons, such as affordability, distance to health centers, and other socioeconomic factors, which have a large impact, as Malaysia only offers opportunistic screening for breast cancer and not for free. A specific program to provide free mammography screening targeted toward underprivileged Malaysian women was planned and implemented with the aim of improving access to screening and increasing the rate of screening among this specific group of women. Methods Funding for the program was obtained from successful negotiation with a large Malaysian life insurance carrier. To ensure geographic equity, screening services were strategically purchased from 15 hospitals that were spread out across Malaysia. We also built partnerships with various nongovernmental organizations working in the social arena servicing underprivileged groups to reach these groups specifically. The nongovernmental organizations co-organized awareness programs and screening days, together with the National Cancer Society Malaysia, with additional incentivization that included subsidizing transport to mammography centers. Results A total of 5,000 underprivileged women from different geographic localities and ethnicities were screened across Malaysia. Of these, 62% received a mammogram for the first time in their lives, whereas 21% received their first repeat mammogram in more than 3 years. Conclusion A targeted screening program that incorporated a multipronged approach strategy was successful at increasing access to breast cancer screening for underprivileged Malaysian women. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The following represents disclosure information provided by authors of this manuscript. All relationships are considered compensated. Relationships are self-held unless noted. I = Immediate Family Member, Inst = My Institution. Relationships may not relate to the subject matter of this manuscript. For more information about ASCO's conflict of interest policy, please refer to www.asco.org/rwc or ascopubs.org/jco/site/ifc . Murallitharan Munisamy Employment: National Cancer Society of Malaysia Stock or Other Ownership: MMPKV Sdn Bhd–operator of Malaysian Primary Care Clinics
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Seo, Bong-Eon. "Characteristics of Emotion Groups towards the Socially Underprivileged." Contemparary Society and Multiculture 13, no. 2 (2023): 87–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.35281/cms.2023.05.13.2.87.
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Panda, Shiba C., and Janmejoy Khuntia. "Entrepreneurial Emergence among the Socially Underprivileged Class in India." Journal of Business Management and Information Systems 2, no. 2 (2015): 22–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.48001/jbmis.2015.0202003.
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It is widely recognized that entrepreneurship development holds the key to all-round economic development of a nation. Entrepreneurship has now become the catchword in India’s economic development as well. India being a multicultural society with high incidence of inequality is divided sharply in terms of the underprivileged and the privileged sections. For widespread economic development India cannot ignore the development of the social groups who are underprivileged and are at the bottom of the pyramid. Data from All-India Census on MSME reflect that the underprivileged sections i.e., SC, ST and OBCs have shown growth in terms of ownership of enterprises and level of employment.
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Ekwoaba, Joy Onyinyechi, and David Ikechukwu Ekwoaba. "Underprivileged Conditions Influencing Youths’ Participation in Sports for Future Employment." International Journal of Business and Technopreneurship (IJBT) 15, no. 1 (2025): 81–94. https://doi.org/10.58915/ijbt.v15i1.1221.
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The beauty of sports is that it cuts across gender, race, educational background and socio-economic status to benefit those who have the resilience, rigour and discipline to brave the odds. The varieties of sporting events and different human resources needed are an indication of how broad the platform could be, to accommodate different interest groups for self-development. This study examined the nexus of how underprivileged conditions such as birth place (rural/urban), loss of parent(s), among others could influence the choice of sports for self-development and employment. A cross-sectional multistage sampling method was used to select 400 youths who participated in the March, 2022 Nigerian University Games Association hosted by the University of Lagos, Nigeria. The questionnaire administered to the respondents consists of structured self-report inventory. Data obtained was analysed with the use of frequency tables, chi-square and logistic regression. The results show that underprivileged conditions could be a catalyst for youths’ involvement in sports for the purpose of future employment opportunities. In view of this, there should be concerted efforts by stakeholders in sports to expand and maintain facilities and sports festivals to accommodate different interest groups of youths who utilise this avenue for self-development and future employment. This could go a long way in redirecting the energy of our teeming youths away from being recruited into social vices and focus on meaningful self-development sporting programmes that could create viable future employment roles in sports.
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Panda, Shiba C., Bharat Singh, and Janmejoy Khuntia. "Role of Social Capital Formation in Entrepreneurship Development among the Underprivileged Class of Odisha." Journal of Business Management and Information Systems 3, no. 1 (2016): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.48001/jbmis.2016.0301003.
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In this paper an attempt has been made to analyse such dimensions which support or otherwise impact the entrepreneurial environment that perpetuates prevalence of social capital leading to growth of entrepreneurship among the underprivileged class in an Indian State of Odisha. For example, various sources of owner’s capital, entrepreneurs affiliation to community groups, how existence of various forms of support system available for entrepreneurial orientation benefitted Govt.’s role vis-à-vis the social groups perception of existence of state support are discussed so as to derive the role and contribution of social capital for entrepreneurial orientation among the underprivileged class of Odisha particularly at the micro level. In a backward State like Odisha understanding of the existence of social conditions towards preference for entrepreneurship as an occupational choice would pave ways for policy initiative towards realization of widespread entrepreneurial engagement.
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Liu, Ying-Ying Tiffany. "Unequal Interdependency: Chinese Petty Entrepreneurs and Zimbabwean Migrant Labourers." Studies in Social Justice 2020, no. 14 (2020): 146–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v2020i14.1872.
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Exploring the cultural politics of diasporic entrepreneurs and migrant labourers through an examination of Chinese restaurants in Johannesburg, this article presents what I call the “intra-migrant economy” amid everyday racialized insecurities in urban South Africa. I use the term “intra-migrant economy” to refer to the employment of one group of migrants (Zimbabwean migrant workers) by another group of migrants (Chinese petty capitalists) as an economic strategy outside the mainstream labour market. These two groups of migrants work in the same industry, live in the same city, and have established a sort of unequal employment relation that can be hierarchical and interdependentat once. Chinese migrants are socially marginalized but not economically underprivileged, which stands in contrast to Zimbabwean migrants, who remain economically underprivileged even though they speak local languages. Their different socioeconomic positions in South Africa are profoundly influenced by their nationality and racialization. Thisanalysis of their interdependency focuses on the economic and political structures that shaped the underlying conditions that brought Chinese and Zimbabwean migrants to work together in South Africa.
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Khan, Khalid. "Inequality in Access to Medical Education in India: Implications for the Availability of Health Professionals." CASTE / A Global Journal on Social Exclusion 3, no. 2 (2022): 319–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26812/caste.v3i2.448.
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This study examines the access of students from diverse backgrounds to medical education in India. It shows how inequalities existing in society may entail significant social injustices with regard to access to a career in medicine. The study is based on data from secondary sources. The major part of the analysis is from the Periodic Labour Force Survey, 2019–20; All India Survey on Higher Education, 2019–20; and National Sample Survey data on Social Consumption, Education 2017–18. It is observed that the availability of health professionals is very low overall but it is even lower among underprivileged groups. There are indications of a better share of salaried health professionals among underprivileged caste/ethnic groups probably due to the presence of affirmative action but inequality prevails in self-employment and high quality occupations, thus reflecting the inequality prevalent in society. However, the pattern among Muslims is different from the caste/ethnic groups as the share of regular salaried workers is lower and self-employed is higher among Muslims. The study shows that access to medical courses is linked to family background depicted by caste/ethnicity and religious identities. The availability of medical education in general is very low. The situation is further aggravated for students from underprivileged backgrounds. The high cost of medical courses combined with the dominance of self-financed courses and private unaided institutions may make it inaccessible to students from weaker sections of society. In fact, the probability of attending a medical course is relatively lower for Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes (SCs/STs) and Muslims than Hindu High Castes (HHCs). The low average expenditure of medical courses confirms the low quality of education accessed by the student from underprivileged backgrounds at every level. It is important to note that education of the head of the family emerges as the most important predictor for access to medicine education. Similarly low household size also improves the probability of attendance. It is thus important to improve the access to medical education through establishing new educational institutions with affordable costs. The challenge is to ensure equal access for students from underprivileged groups so that the existing inequality in the availability of health professionals may be addressed. For this, affirmative action for the students from poor families and first generation learners may be worthwhile to address the problem of inequality of access to medical education. Such policies would also improve the availability of health professionals from the underprivileged socio-religious background which in turn would play an instrumental role in ensuring better access to healthcare services for patients from underprivileged communities.
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Wen, Yaqi, Yuyao Li, Yang Yang, and Jiang Wang. "Towards an Evaluation System of Disabled Individuals’ Friendly Communities from the Perspective of Inclusive Development—A Case Study in Jinan." Buildings 13, no. 11 (2023): 2715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13112715.
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The quality of travel for residents has improved in China’s urban renewal development, but there are still barriers to the activities of disadvantaged groups like people with disabilities in the city, including challenges with accessible travel and a lack of accessible design. All urban people should have access to services and be guaranteed equal rights, according to the inclusive development theory. This study examines the travel requirements and behavioural patterns of the barrier-free groups to safeguard the right of underprivileged groups to participate equally in the urban space. It also determines the impact of various types of urban land use and service facilities on the distribution of barrier-free facilities. An evaluation system based on the needs of the disabled group is established to evaluate the degree of barrier-free facilities in the surveyed areas, summarise the problems shown by the evaluation scores, and propose improvement strategies for the shortcomings of accessibility to residential areas and the controversy through web data crawling and a geographically weighted analysis. From the standpoint of inclusive development, the goal is to lessen the travel issues faced by underprivileged groups and to improve their capacity to take advantage of opportunities and have access to resources.
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Tigari, Harish, and R. Aishwarya. "Self Help Groups: An Effective Approach towards Women Empowerment." Shanlax International Journal of Economics 8, no. 3 (2020): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/economics.v8i3.3192.
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In recent years, SHGs have become significant contributors to the generation of self –employment and source of livelihood. The Self-Help Group (SHG) is moving in the right direction in empowering women economically and socially and eradicating poverty in rural and urban areas. Self-employment is necessary to eradicate the regional economic imbalance. Women’s participation is necessary for the betterment of the economy. SHGs are one of the ways to increase the participation of women in economic activities. So, it empowers and creates women entrepreneurs. The study aims to provide empirical evidence of the contribution of SHGs to self-employment. For this purpose, the primary data were collected from the 30 members of SHGs by simple random sampling, and the data is collected through a structured questionnaire, Likert scale technique was used to measure the qualitative data. The estimated results show the self-employment opportunities created by SHGs.
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Dr., Nandini Katti &. Dr. Asha Agrawal. "SOCIAL HIERARCHIES IN SHAPING SELF-EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES." Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary studies 13, no. 87 (2025): 89–101. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15147992.
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<em>This research investigates how social hierarchies affect self-employment prospects in India, emphasizing the roles of gender, caste, and cultural norms. Deeply rooted social frameworks determine access to resources and economic opportunities, significantly impacting entrepreneurial achievements, especially for women and marginalized groups (Munshi, 2020; World Bank, 2022). For instance, established gender roles restrict women’s access to financial resources and professional networks, creating systemic obstacles to entrepreneurship (Kabeer, 2018). Likewise, caste-based limitations persist in obstructing economic advancement for underprivileged communities, perpetuating inequities that inhibit equitable access to self-employment opportunities. </em> <em>This paper employs a mixed-methods strategy, integrating quantitative analysis and qualitative narratives to reveal these inequalities and explore how societal norms influence entrepreneurial paths according to identity and socio-economic conditions (NITI Aayog, 2021). This study aims to offer a comprehensive analysis of the various socio-economic factors influencing entrepreneurship in India. The research examines access to funding, educational opportunities, and systemic barriers across demographics to contribute insights for policy discussions. Its aim is to foster an inclusive entrepreneurial environment that helps individuals from all social groups thrive. By addressing socio-economic obstacles like income inequality and lack of mentorship, and promoting equitable opportunities, it seeks to empower aspiring entrepreneurs and enhance economic resilience and growth across diverse sectors in India.</em>
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Sivakumaran, Shamila, and Jeevasuthan Subramaniam. "Economic Empowerment through Self-employment Initiatives: A Group Work Experience based on a Sri Lankan Village." Groupwork 29, no. 2 (2020): 94–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1921/gpwk.v29i2.1461.
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This article looks into the application of groupwork in Sri Lanka with a group of women-headed households (WHHs) to empower them and promote a sustainable economic development through self-employment initiatives. This particular groupwork was carried out in an underprivileged rural village, in Sri Lanka. Participants were divided into three groups based on their interest in the following livelihood activities; home gardening, tailoring and handloom work. They were facilitated with different activities for the period of six months. The significant changes were; improved skills in selected area, leadership and team work, documentation, mutual support, internal harmony among the community members, marketing skill and self-confidence.
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Ambagudia, Jagannath. "Adivasis, Preferential Policy and the State in Odisha." Social Change 49, no. 2 (2019): 199–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049085719844115.
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The Indian state has ratified preferential policies enshrined in the Indian Constitution by ensuring a reserved quota for geographically isolated and underprivileged communities such as adivasis, thereby attempting to integrate them within mainstream society. Computing the data available on the impact of a preferential policy on the adivasis of Odisha, this article argues that although the policy has been relatively useful in securing employment, adivasis of the state remain underrepresented in aggregate numbers and in different groups of services. The article also indicates the existence of a regional disparity even among the adivasis of Odisha with regard to their representation in elite government employment. The real problem is not the preferential policy per se but its poor implementation, abject poverty, bureaucratic apathy and the lack of political will to implement preferential policies effectively. In fact, the practice of preferential policies has sporadically led to violent community conflicts in Odisha and impacted the changing relationship between policy and politics.
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Nittymol, Antony, and S. Saranya. "Strategic approach and Sustainability Initiatives of Micro Enterprises: A Causal relationship." Empirical Economics Letters 22, April Special Issue 2 (2023): 41–48. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8328223.
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<strong>Abstract: </strong>Micro enterprises are very essential to the health of any economy as they support the mass public in terms of employment and innovation. These micro enterprises take more significance, especially in developing countries where they serve as a means of income for the underprivileged and illiterate people. A sustainable development is a worldwide call to action which aims to eradicate poverty, safeguard the environment, and to ensure the peace and prosperity in everyone lives. Micro-enterprises are seen as a crucial sector in achieving sustainable development due to their dynamic and adaptable nature. The strategic approaches adopted by micro enterprises towards sustainability initiatives are many and this study focuses on the marketing approaches, analysis of customer, business tactics and emotional stability. <strong>Keywords: </strong>Micro-enterprises, Sustainability Development, Strategic Approaches and Sustainability Initiatives <strong>JEL Classification Number: </strong>Q56, G30
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Jaworski, Stanisław, and Zofia Zielińska-Kolasińska. "Towards a target employment rate within age and gender groups." Statistics in Transition New Series 22, no. 4 (2021): 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/stattrans-2021-046.
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Sarawagi, Aditi, and Moirangthem Singh. "ENHANCING LIVELIHOODS AND EMPOWERING TRIBAL WOMEN: ANALYZING THE ROLE OF SELF-HELP GROUPS IN SONBHADRA." Sachetas 3, no. 2 (2024): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.55955/320004.
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Women's empowerment is crucial for the overall development of society. Through financial inclusion and skill development training, self-help groups (SHGs) play a crucial role in empowering women, particularly those in rural and underprivileged areas. The study aims to evaluate SHGs’ mechanism in enhancing the livelihoods of tribal women in Sonbhadra and to assess its impact on their socio-economic empowerment and perceptions of SHGs. On the sample of 103, the study employed percentage analysis, one-sample t-test, paired t-test, and regression analysis to evaluate the stated objectives. The study's findings reveal that SHGs’ mechanisms are moderately effective in economically empowering the tribal women of Sonbhadra. After joining SHGs, there has been a substantial improvement in the beneficiaries' income, savings, employment, and expenditure patterns. SHG mechanisms are strong predictors of socio-economic empowerment, and empowered women have a favorable perception of SHGs. The study's results indicate that providing ongoing assistance and expanding SHG efforts may effectively strengthen the socio-economic empowerment of tribal women.
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Komba, Mercy, and Edda Tandi Lwoga. "Implementation and challenges towards hospital information system deployment for improving the quality of care for women and people with disabilities." Tanzania Journal of Health Research 25, no. 3 (2024): 1003–17. https://doi.org/10.4314/thrb.v25i3.3.
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This study explored the use of hospital information system (HIS) to improve care for underprivileged groups, especially women and people with impairments. It thoroughly investigated HIS dynamics and issues in healthcare through focus groups, questionnaires, and interviews using a mixed-method approach. The study was carried out at Comprehensive Community Based Rehabilitation in Tanzania (CCBRT), a Tanzanian healthcare institution focused on enhancing the health of mothers and newborns and providing care for those with impairments. The study shows significant advancements in HIS deployment and enhanced data accessibility. Still, it also points out challenges, such as a lack of ICT skills, an excessive reliance on technology, data problems, inadequate connectivity, and financial limitations. Optimizing the use of HIS in healthcare requires addressing these issues.
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Baburkin, Sergei A., Sergei L. Talanov, and Filipp Yu Kushnarev. "Attitude towards Studies and Secondary Employment of Students: Gender Characteristics." Alma mater. Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly, no. 11 (November 2022): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/am.11-22.047.
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The authors analyze the attitude of students to study and secondary employment, taking into account the resources of families and gender differences. A longitudinal sociological study was conducted among students of leading Yaroslavl universities. The time interval between repeated surveys was 3 years (2017 and 2020). It was found that girls from families belonging to low-income groups are more involved in secondary employment than boys from the same category of families. At the same time, it was revealed that even the appearance and widespread spread of coronavirus infection did not change the situation. The number of young men involved in secondary employment has increased, but there are fewer of them than the number of girls. The study showed that students from families that belong to weak resource groups are more involved in secondary non-core employment than students from families that belong to medium and strong resource groups. It was revealed that students from families who belong to highly resource groups are more likely to be professionally employed than students from families who belong to medium and weak resource groups. After the adoption of amendments to the law “On Education in the Russian Federation”, most students planning to find a job after graduation as a school teacher (according to the training profile) switched to an individual training schedule in order to improve their financial situation and gain professional experience during their studies. At the same time, girls used this right to a greater extent than boys. Non-core employment is perceived by most students as a temporary necessity (as a normal reaction). Regardless of the resources that students have (family finances, excellent educational preparation before entering university, etc.), secondary employment, both profile and non-profile, negatively affects students’ academic performance. It has been established that, despite the still widespread attitudes in society (media, advertising, films, etc.) that girls do not necessarily have to work and build a career, that it is enough for them to find a man, get married and live at the expense of their husband (or roommate), an increasing number of girls prefer to be financially independent and therefore work. At the same time, girls from families belonging to highly resource-rich families tend not to work, but to continue their studies in a master’s degree, mainly abroad or in Moscow, St. Petersburg. The authors conclude that it is not so much the economic capital of the family as the values of the family, as well as the influence of the reference personality, that has a great influence on the decision to find employment or to continue studying for a master’s degree.
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Yaacob, Mahazril ‘Aini, Farihah Hassan, Norraidah Abu Hasan, Saidatul Akma Hamik, and Herman Shah Shahbuddin. "Promoting Home Ownership among the Underprivileged: The Role of Social Financing." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VIII, no. III (2024): 2635–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.803183.
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Many people struggle to obtain home ownership due to unaffordable housing and limited financing. As a result, they opted for renting, which also became a challenge due to the unstable rental sector. Therefore, this paper presents a qualitative analysis of the housing challenges and the roles of social financing in promoting home ownership among the underprivileged in Malaysia. A focus group discussion with ten participants was conducted from low-income groups living in the public housing project (PPR) Kampung Kerinchi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, to validate their housing challenges in their pursuit of home ownership. The findings revealed that housing affordability is the main reason people cannot own it, which has become one of the challenges they face. The study also highlights the challenges related to financing accessibility for affordable homes. The introduction of social finance in managing unaffordability issues among people is seen as a practical tool for people towards home ownership and financial institutions as part of their social responsibility.
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Brynin, Malcolm, Mohammed Shamsul Karim, and Wouter Zwysen. "The Value of Self-Employment to Ethnic Minorities." Work, Employment and Society 33, no. 5 (2019): 846–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017019855232.
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It is sometimes argued that ethnic minorities have a cultural predisposition towards self-employment. However, this is generally not the preferred option for minority groups. We argue that ethnic minorities face a double risk in deciding between employment and self-employment. While their chances in employment leave them exposed to greater risk than the majority group, self-employment, which is inherently risky for all workers, adds to their general risk environment. We demonstrate a negative underpinning to their self-employed activity, showing that minority groups in the UK earn less in self-employment relative to the white British majority, work longer hours, and have lower job satisfaction. They also leave self-employment sooner to take up a job as an employee and use resources such as higher education to stand a better chance in employment.
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Zhang, Jian, and Carmela S. Dizon. "Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs of Chinese Higher Education Graduating Students towards Slow Employment and its Associated Factors." International Journal of Education and Humanities 19, no. 3 (2025): 227–30. https://doi.org/10.54097/kgqm4258.
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In recent years, as the number of university graduates in China continues to increase, the phenomenon of "slow employment" has garnered growing attention. As a complex social issue, different groups hold varying views on its causes and impacts. Research shows that the factors influencing graduates' acceptance and choice of "slow employment" are particularly complex, involving diverse personal career expectations, social support, and market changes. This paper, after defining the concept of "slow employment" and its theoretical basis, analyzes the development characteristics of this phenomenon and its profound impact on higher education, summarizing the related influencing factors. Based on this, the paper employs a combination of qualitative and empirical research methods to analyze graduates' attitudes towards "slow employment," deeply exploring the multiple factors influencing it, and proposes targeted strategies to guide graduates towards employment.
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ZAKOR-BRODA, Rita, and Anita R. FEDOR. "THE ROLE OF SELF-MARKETING IN CREATING OPPORTUNITIES FOR ROMA EMPLOYMENT." Annals of the University of Oradea. Economic Sciences 33, no. 1 (2024): 669–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47535/1991auoes33(1)074.
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The role of different groups in society in the labour market is of vital importance for the functioning of a nation's economy. Equal access to employment is a fundamental condition for tackling social exclusion and is closely linked to reducing and combating poverty. Research on discrimination in the labour market goes back several decades and is primarily based on perceptions of discrimination. The Roma population is one of the most disadvantaged groups in Hungary, with the most severe labour market tensions and the largest number of underprivileged groups. Roma are considered a social group with below average labour market opportunities. The unfavourable social and economic situation of the Roma population in Hungary and their resulting marginalisation has become a platitude in public discourse and academic work. The importance of the issue is undoubtful, as it is estimated that the Roma population, which constitutes a significant proportion of the population, is the poorest, most excluded and, overall, the most vulnerable group in society. The gap between the Roma population and the majority society has been steadily increasing for decades, mainly due to the residential segregation and economic decline of the Roma. Negative discrimination in the labour market plays a crucial role in shaping the employment prospects of Roma people. On the one hand, this is due to the negative discrimination they face, and on the other hand, to the low level of knowledge acquired by these people compared to the average in society. In our study, we examine the factors determining selfmarketing and the labour market chances of Roma in the context of the background factors, economic and social effects of unemployment, which particularly affect this precariat group. We make an attempt to prove that self-marketing has a right to exist among the Roma working population. In researching this topic, it is essential to address the issue of the conscious career management competences of members of the emerging generation and the crucial role of inclusive workplaces.
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Kayaalp, Dilek. "Towards Culturally Responsive Education: A Qualitative Approach." European Journal of Education 2, no. 2 (2019): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejed-2019.v2i2-65.
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By the year 2050, students of color will constitute 57 percent of students in the US (Karanja and Austin, 2014). However, research indicates that most pre-service teachers and even in-service teachers are not ready to teach in cross-cultural classrooms (Marx, 2006). As a result of de facto segregation, teacher candidates have very limited interaction with minority groups. Consequently, understanding the culture of students, using pertinent information in classrooms, and building rapport with the students become challenging issues in their teaching practices. As a response to these concerns, the proposed study aims to create educational models to help teacher candidates become more culturally competent throughout their teaching experiences. My information was gathered from interviews with people who work in public schools, nonprofit organizations, and universities in Florida, US. The findings of this study indicate that social (poverty, racism) and ontological (i.e., teachers’ and students’ dispositions) issues influence teachers’ and students’ experiences in classrooms. How teacher candidates perceive educational disparities, racism, and equity traps and respond to them affect the teacher/student relationships and underprivileged students’ educational attainment. The findings suggest that teacher education programs need teacher candidates who are knowledgeable about historical and cultural forms of oppression and their effect on students’ educational attainment. Discussing the achievement gap without analyzing its reasons from critical lenses only increases this gap and makes students of color internalize this deficit thinking. Finally, it is vital to find ways to attract teacher candidates from underrepresented groups as teachers of color provide more culturally competent discussions in classrooms.
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Jakulin, R., and S. Arockia Elizabeth Josephine. "Towards Sustainable Futures: Advancing Inclusive Education." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 11, S1i2-Nov (2023): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v11is1i2-nov.7326.
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Inclusive education (IE) is the innovative practice of teaching students with disabilities and learning difficulties in the same classroom as their peers, with the primary goal of meeting every child’s educational needs, especially those who are most subject to marginalization and exclusion. Their primary goal is to meet every child’s educational needs, with a focus on children who are the most subject to marginalization and exclusion. Using a suitable network of services, this method entails creating an atmosphere in which all children, regardless of ability, can study alongside one another in public preschools, schools, and community learning environments.. The following are the goals of this paper: Promote a diverse and inclusive learning environment. Ensure that no one is denied access to high-quality education because of their ability, gender, financial status, or any other attribute. Assist underprivileged and disadvantaged groups—such as those with disabilities—by offering customized educational approaches and assistance in order to meet their needs and ultimately empower others. Provide educators with the necessary information and abilities to adopt inclusive pedagogical strategies that meet the necessities of all students and accommodate a broad spectrum of learning styles. By incorporating sustainability, environmental stewardship, and social responsibility into the educational process, you may empower people to actively participate in sustainable development. Improve student performance in the classroom by using inclusive education. This analysis examines the impact of inclusive pedagogies on underrepresented groups, assesses how education policies support inclusion, and talks about the implications for global development. The findings highlight the crucial relationship that exists between inclusive education and the larger goal of sustainable development, requires teamwork in building a future that is both sustainable and equitable.
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Arendt, Lukasz, and Artur Gajdos. "OCCUPATIONAL SHIFTS IN POLAND TILL 2022 -TOWARDS LABOUR MARKET POLARISATION?" JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN ECONOMY Vol 17, Vol 17, No 1 (2018) (2018): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/jee2018.01.003.
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The paper focuses on changes in the occupational and skills structure of the employment in Poland. It elaborates on the drivers of these changes - from technical change and educational upgrading to institutional reforms - putting much attention to the hypothesis oflabour market polarisation. The paper pre-sentsthe future developments in labour demand, based on the employment forecast by occupational groups and skills till 2022. It comments on new challenges and possible tensions that may have place within some segments of the Polish labour market, resulting from the mismatch between skills demand and supply.
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Wright, Chris F., Alex J. Wood, Jonathan Trevor, et al. "Towards a new web of rules." Employee Relations: The International Journal 41, no. 2 (2019): 313–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-10-2018-0259.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review “institutional experimentation” for protecting workers in response to the contraction of the standard employment relationship and the corresponding rise of “non-standard” forms of paid work.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on the existing research and knowledge base of the authors as well as a thorough review of the extant literature relating to: non-standard employment contracts; sources of labour supply engaging in non-standard work; exogenous pressures on the employment relationship; intermediaries that separate the management from the control of labour; and entities that subvert the employment relationship.FindingsPost-war industrial relations scholars characterised the traditional regulatory model of collective bargaining and the standard employment contract as a “web of rules”. As work relations have become more market mediated, new institutional arrangements have developed to govern these relations and regulate the terms of engagement. The paper argues that these are indicative of an emergent “patchwork of rules” which are instructive for scholars, policymakers, workers’ representatives and employers seeking solutions to the contraction of the traditional regulatory model.Research limitations/implicationsWhile the review of the institutional experimentation is potentially instructive for developing solutions to gaps in labour regulation, a drawback of this approach is that there are limits to the realisation of policy transfer. Some of the initiatives discussed in the paper may be more effective than others for protecting workers on non-standard contracts, but further research is necessary to test their effectiveness including in different contexts.Social implicationsThe findings indicate that a task ahead for the representatives of government, labour and business is to determine how to adapt the emergent patchwork of rules to protect workers from the new vulnerabilities created by, for example, employer extraction and exploitation of their individual bio data, social media data and, not far off, their personal genome sequence.Originality/valueThe paper addresses calls to examine the “institutional intersections” that have informed the changing ways that work is conducted and regulated. These intersections transcend international, national, sectoral and local units of analysis, as well as supply chains, fissured organisational dynamics, intermediaries and online platforms. The analysis also encompasses the broad range of stakeholders including businesses, labour and community groups, nongovernmental organisations and online communities that have influenced changing institutional approaches to employment protection.
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K, Jayapriya, and Meiyyarasi A. "A Study on Employee Attitude towards Organization in GS Groups, Sivakasi." International Journal of Innovative Research in Information Security 09, no. 04 (2023): 312–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/ijiris.2023.v0904.16.
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The project work entitled “Employee’s attitude towards the organization” with special reference to the GS Groups, Sivagiri the various factors that are concerned towards the attitude of the employees. The analysis has been made mainly based on the primary data that is by the employees’ opinion survey method. The researcher has taken a sample size of 50 and has used the stratified random sampling method to select the samples from the total population. The study gives the opinion of employees about all the H.R. functions of GS Groups, Sivagiri, employment conditions, wages and incentives, interpersonal relationship, working conditions, management practices, etc. The researcher has used percentage analysis and CHI-Square test, and the study reveals that there is no relationship between JOB ENRICHMENT educational qualifications of the respondents, and there is no relationship between length of service of the respondents, and welfare facilities, and there is no relationship between the salary of the respondents and welfare facilities. The study has also revealed that most of the respondents have a positive attitude towards the welfare facilities, management practices and employment conditions, WELFARE FACILITIES, INTER PERSONAL RELATIONSHIP, WORKING CONDITION the researcher has given suggestions for its improvement which includes suggestion schemes which may be transparent and promotions which may be made both based on seniority and performance to a certain level in the organizational hierarchy.
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Ruiz, Marisol E., Alejandra Vives, Vanessa Puig-Barrachina, and Joan Benach. "Unravelling Hidden Informal Employment in Chile: Towards a New Classification and Measurements to Study Its Public Health Impact." International Journal of Health Services 49, no. 4 (2019): 817–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020731419866305.
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This study aims to assess differences in the working population of Chile under the definition of informal employment. A new categorization of informal employment is proposed, with a focus on social protection as a key element in the definition of informal employment status, thereby making visible different groups of workers that until now remained hidden. From a mixed methodological strategy that combines literature review, key informant interviews, and quantitative data analysis, the researchers seek to understand the complexity of the social phenomenon of informality.
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Khatiwada, Padma Prasad. "Multifold Impact of COVID-19 on Vulnerable Communities in Nepal." Molung Educational Frontier 11 (June 18, 2021): 125–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mef.v11i0.37850.
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This paper brings out the pressing issue of Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic and its multifold impact on the vulnerable communities such as women, children, elderly people, persons with disabilities, and marginalized groups in Nepal. The study identifies the groups corresponding with the kinds of problems and effects in relation to caste/ethnicity, gender, and age. It also categorizes groups in terms of socio-economic conditions such as employment, income, livelihood, access to basic food, shelter, health and education. The analyses based on these issues contribute to highlighting the protection measures for reducing the level of vulnerability. Both the primary and secondary data were collected through desk review and telephonic interviews among the selected women and underprivileged people of the study area. Findings of this study suggest that the pandemic has serious effects that have been seen on vulnerable communities in the area. Curtailment, reduction and/or stop of regular salary or income of the employees from enterprising sectors can have lasting impact on the overall livelihoods of the vulnerable groups unless they are offered special packages to promote their conditions. The research indicates the pandemic as a humanitarian crisis. In such a crisis, only legal treatment and actions may have adverse effects on the poor and helpless people who have lost their resources due to unavoidable situations like lockdown, prohibition order, and insecurity of their jobs.
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Omodan, Bunmi I., and Fumane P. Khanare. "Transforming the Marginalised via IJRCS: The need to Rejig Rural and Community Studies towards Emancipation." Interdisciplinary Journal of Rural and Community Studies 3, no. 1 (2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.51986/ijrcs-2021.vol3.01.01.
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Literature and social reality confirm that rurality and its people remain underprivileged, while groups within communities, even in urbanism, still demonstrate marginalisation and social inequalities. Not only that, but research is also limited to emancipate the perpetual deficiencies and the various inequalities that emerge within the context of rurality and community livelihood. Even the little research output in this category suffers revered outlets where rural and community studies could be disseminated. This forms the gap to which the Interdisciplinary Journal of Rural and Community Studies (IJRCS) intends to fill. This, therefore, is the inaugural statement of the Journal. The statement presents the historical background of the Journal, the focus of the Journal, and subsequently defines the conceptual understanding of the rural and community to enlighten the authors and readers about the kind of acceptable articles. The editorial process and the professional profile of our editors were presented with a conclusion that whatever knowledge production is coming from the archives of IJRCS is authentic, productive and will definitely assume national and international standards without giving loopholes for contestation
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Guèye, E. F. "Gender issues in family poultry production systems in low-income food-deficit countries." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 18, no. 4 (2003): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ajaa200350.
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AbstractDespite efforts to develop intensive poultry production, family poultry (FP) is still very important in low-income, food-deficit countries (LIFDCs). In LIFDCs, the keeping of poultry by local communities has been practiced for many generations. FP is an appropriate system for supplying the fast-growing human population with high-quality protein. It can also provide additional income to the generally resource-poor small farmers, especially women. Although requiring low levels of inputs, FP contributes significantly to food security, poverty alleviation and ecologically sound management of natural resources. FP is also a source of employment for underprivileged groups and less-favored areas in LIFDCs. Developing schemes that aim to promote and improve the FP sub-sector in a way that is sustainable must not underestimate the roles and contributions of women. However, getting new information to the front line of production requires more gender-disaggregated data. This paper stresses the need to design, implement, monitor and evaluate FP development programs by taking into account socio-cultural, especially gender, issues.
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Giotis, Georgios, and Naoum Mylonas. "Employment Effect of Minimum Wages." Encyclopedia 2, no. 4 (2022): 1880–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia2040130.
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The effect of minimum wages on employment is a mature, continuously researched topic. This study discusses the core theoretical approaches on the relationship between the minimum wage and employment, which is reflected by the empirical results from the international literature. Moreover, it presents the findings of the most recent research and the results of meta-analyses of this issue. While the theoretical approaches and outcomes of empirical studies vary, the meta-analysis demonstrates the lack of a significant correlation between minimum wages and employment. In light of the latest developments and meta-regressions, the literature does not provide a clear and definite sign of the relationship, but the trend seems to be driven towards a negative direction of the impact for the more sensitive groups. Therefore, further light needs to be shed onto this issue.
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Wang, Meiqin. "Invisible Body and the Predicaments of Existence in an Urbanizing China." Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 44, no. 1 (2015): 163–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810261504400107.
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This article contextualises the art practice of Beijing-based artist Liu Bolin and examines ways in which his artworks illuminate the sociopolitical conditions that regulate the everyday reality of underprivileged social groups amid China's spectacular urban transformation in the 2000s. The tension between individual existence and the force of urbanization underlays Liu's most important work, entitled Hiding in the City. This performance photographic series, in which Liu covered his body thoroughly with paint so that he “disappeared” into the background, was initiated as a response towards the demolition of an artist village in Beijing where the artist resided and worked. The series has since been developed into an ambitious and years-long project in which the artist surveys the disparate urban living environment of the city, bringing to the surface dominant forces that render the existence of the individuals “invisible”.
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Mamun, Abdullah Al, Syed Ali Fazal, Muhammad Mehedi Masud, Ganeshsree Selvachandran, Noor Raihani Zainol, and Quek Shio Gai. "The Underlying Drivers of Underprivileged Households’ Intention and Behavior towards Community Forestry Management: A Study Using Structural Equation Modelling and Artificial Neural Network Approach." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (2020): 7330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187330.
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In acknowledging the significant role of forestry on the environmental, social, and economic sustainability of local communities, this study focused on examining how different factors affect the intentional behavior towards community forestry among the poor households in Malaysia. Employing theory of planned behavior (TPB) in an expanded model, this study collected data from 420 underprivileged households from 10 states in Malaysia using a survey questionnaire. Final analysis is performed using two methods, one being the well-established, conventional way of partial least square–structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM); the other being a frontier technology of computing using artificial neural network (ANN), which is generated through a deep learning algorithm to achieve the maximum possible accuracy for each of the five scenarios aforementioned. The study found that perceived benefits (PB) and eco-literacy (EL) have a significant positive effect on the attitude towards environment (ATE) while normative belief (NB) and motivation (MO) have a significant positive effect on subjective norms (SUN). Perceived control (PC) has a significant positive effect on perceived behavioral control (PBC). ATE, SUN, and PBC have a significant positive effect on the intention towards community forestry (ITCF), whereas the ITCF has a significant positive effect on community forestry adoption behavior (CFAB). When formulating and enforcing carbon reduction and poverty elevating programs through community forestry, the Malaysian government should consider the perceptions of poor families and the prerogative from their special reference groups to enhance the perceived ability of the vulnerable groups for positive and effective pro-environmental behavior that can lead to sustainable forestry management.
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TAYLOR, PHILIP, and ALAN WALKER. "Employers and older workers: attitudes and employment practices." Ageing and Society 18, no. 6 (1998): 641–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x98007119.
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The research on which this article is based examined the relationship between attitudes towards older workers held by personnel managers and directors in large organisations (500 or more employees) across virtually the whole range of industrial sectors (excluding agriculture), and their employment practices. The aims of the research were to explore the operation of workplace social closure and the social construction of age in organisations, and to provide practical information to better inform policy making towards older workers. Analysis indicated that attitudes associated with recruitment, training and promotion practices were: perceived trainability, creativity, cautiousness, physical capabilities, the likelihood of having an accident, and ability to work with younger workers. Attitudes which showed no relationship with employment practices were: perceived productivity, reliability, ability to adapt to new technology, interest in technological change and flexibility. It is argued that these findings stress the need to target stereotypical attitudes towards older workers if age barriers in employment are to be removed. However, it is also argued that educational campaigns alone are likely to exert only limited influence against a background of a long-term decline in economic activity rates among older workers. The research also indicates that future research studies need to take greater account of potential differences between different groups of older workers.
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Dr.R., Leelavathi, and Dr.P.Dhatchinamoorthi. "An Analytical Study on Entrepreneurial Activity as a Tool for Socio- Economic Development of Tribal Women in Kollimalai Hills, Namakkal District in TamilNadu." 'Journal of Research & Development' 14, no. 22 (2022): 85–89. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7523933.
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Entrepreneurship plays an important role in the economic development of a country by taking important inputs from financial, physical, social and infrastructural facilities for progress. Entrepreneurial activity is also important for the development of the tribals who are considered the backward section of the Indian society. Entrepreneurship plays pivotal role in accelerating the economy, generating employment, eradication of poverty and exploitation of natural resources for the economic development of the country. After the emergence of Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation (LPG) concept the government has shifted its role from job provider to a facilitator of job creator. With this more and more younger people get attracted to undertake entrepreneurial activities for self employment and employment to others also. Entrepreneurial qualities and skills are essential for industrial development as well as eradication of poverty by means of creating self employment and employment to others. The Central and the State governments are trying their best for promotion of entrepreneurship among the economically backward castes, particularly in scheduled tribes through policy measures and institutional network. Keeping in view the need and importance of the entrepreneurship development among underprivileged communities, The tribal situation in the country presents a varied picture. Some areas have high Tribal concentration while in other areas tribal’s have a small portion of the total population. There are some tribal groups, which are still at the food gathering stage, some others practice shifting cultivation, yet other may be pursuing primitive forms of agriculture. Scheduled Tribes (STs) are official designations given to various groups of historically disadvantaged people in India.. In modern literature, the Scheduled Tribes is used as an official term for Adivasis. The Scheduled Tribes comprise about 8.6 percent of India's population according to the 2011 census. The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950 lists 744 tribes across 22 states in its First Schedule. Since independence, the Scheduled Tribes were given Reservation Status, guaranteeing political representation. The Constitution lays down the general principles of affirmative action for STs. The Constitution of India provides for a comprehensive framework for the socio-economic development of Scheduled Tribes and for preventing their exploitation by other groups of society. A detailed and comprehensive review of the tribal problem was taken on the eve of the Fifth Five Year Plan and the Tribal sub-Plan strategy took note of the fact that an integrated approach to the tribal problems was necessary in terms of their geographic and demographic concentration.
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Ghimire, Prabesh, Vishnu Prasad Sapkota, and Amod Kumar Poudyal. "Factors Associated with Enrolment of Households in Nepal’s National Health Insurance Program." International Journal of Health Policy and Management 8, no. 11 (2019): 636–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2019.54.
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Background: Nepal has made remarkable efforts towards social health protection over the past several years. In 2016, the Government of Nepal introduced a National Health Insurance Program (NHIP) with an aim to ensure equitable and universal access to healthcare by all Nepalese citizens. Following the first year of operation, the scheme has covered 5 percent of its target population. There are wider concerns regarding the capacity of NHIP to achieve adequate population coverage and remain viable. In this context, this study aimed to identify the factors associated with enrolment of households in the NHIP. Methods: A cross-sectional household survey using face to face interview was carried out in 2 Palikas (municipalities) of Ilam district. 570 households were studied by recruiting equal number of NHIP enrolled and non-enrolled households. We used Pearson’s chi-square test and binary logistic regression to identify the factors associated with household’s enrolment in NHIP. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS version 23 software. Results: Enrolment of households in NHIP was found to be associated with ethnicity, socio-economic status, past experience of acute illness in family and presence of chronic illness. The households that belonged to higher socio-economic status were about 4 times more likely to enrol in the scheme. It was also observed that households from privileged ethnic groups such as Brahmin, Chhetri, Gurung, and Newar were 1.7 times more likely to enrol in NHIP compared to those from underprivileged ethnic groups such as janajatis (indigenous people) and dalits (the oppressed). The households with illness experience in 3 months preceding the survey were about 1.5 times more likely to enrol in NHIP compared to households that did not have such experience. Similarly, households in which at least one of the members was chronically ill were 1.8 times more likely to enrol compared to households with no chronic illness. Conclusion: Belonging to the privileged ethnic group, having a higher socio-economic status, experiencing an acute illness and presence of chronically ill member in the family are the factors associated with enrolment of households in NHIP. This study revealed gaps in enrolment between rich-poor households and privileged-underprivileged ethnic groups. Extension of health insurance coverage to poor and marginalized households is therefore needed to increase equity and accelerate the pace towards achieving universal health coverage.
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Sheeba, K. A., and R. Manjula. "Inclusive Education in NEP 2020." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 11, S1-Nov (2023): 108–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v11is1-nov.7098.
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The NEP 2020 released by the Government of India makes along way in the form of Inclusive Education. The different techniques, methods and strategies paved the way towards Inclusive Education. The well-defined policies are essentially required to provide proper education to underprivileged and disabled children. It is an acceptable fact that education is compulsory for all irrespective of any status of Socio-economically Disadvantaged Groups and it is no longer a privilege in our country. This is the most important aspect of providing alternative and accessible education to all needy persons. The Inclusive Education policies ensured the platform for the development of education for all for further development and growth in all walks of life. The reasons for the requirement of the introduction of inclusive education were analyzed in detail by the expert committee of NEP 2020 and suggested a good amount of measures to reach the needy.
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Nicasie, Ides. "A social investment perspective on labour market policies for vulnerable groups." Cuadernos de Relaciones Laborales 39, no. 2 (2021): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/crla.71081.
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This article conceptualises the notion of “social investment’ within the context of social protection and active labour market policies. This paradigm is confronted to the neoliberal ‘making work pay’ paradigm and the conservative workfare doctrine build on the idea that a stronger work ethos needs to be inculcated through reduced rights and more duties. The social investment paradigm advocates generous social protection combined with enabling investments and is thus perfectly congruent with social inclusion objectives. The empirical analysis shows remarkably small effects of both types of policies in the past 15 years: ALMPs have had small positive effects on employment, but also on exits into inactivity. The most positive employment effect of ALMPs is a redistribution of employment opportunities towards older, female and less educated groups. The Re-inVEST research analyses in-depth participatory case studies of policies targeting disadvantaged groups in different European countries, using an ‘enriched’ social investment model, building on a human rights and capabilities approach. The findings indeed show very wide differences in quality – and a lot of room for improvement. In order to improve their effectiveness as well as inclusiveness, the right to decent ALMPs should be put on the policy agenda.
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Pokharel, Bharat, Dinesh Paudel, Peter Branney, Dil Bahadur Khatri, and Mike Nurse. "Reconstructing the Concept of Forest-Based Enterprise Development in Nepal: Towards a Pro-Poor Approach." Journal of Forest and Livelihood 5, no. 1 (2009): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v5i1.1981.
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This paper demonstrates that community forests have high potential to make a significant contribution to rural income and employment through non-timber forest products enterprises particularly to the poor. The paper highlights a practical experience of the pro-poor entrepreneurship approach, its process, steps and outcomes through examination of a recently-developed enterprise in Jiri, Dolakha district of the central hills region of Nepal. The paper concludes that there are five key aspects which need additional attention for a successful pro-poor enterprise: the scale of the enterprise; pro-poor governance of community groups; necessary skills and capacity to empower the poor producers, both socially and economically; partnership building among private, community groups and poor households; and specialized services to tap competitive markets and conducive policy environment. Key Words: community forestry, poverty reduction, enterprise, entrepreneurship, equity, income generation, employment doi: 10.3126/jfl.v5i1.1981 Journal of Forest and Livelihood 5(1) February, 2006 pp.53-65
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Arnholtz, Jens, and Bjarke Refslund. "Active Enactment and Virtuous Circles of Employment Relations: How Danish Unions Organised the Transnationalised Copenhagen Metro Construction Project." Work, Employment and Society 33, no. 4 (2019): 682–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017019832514.
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Transnational workers on large-scale construction projects are often poorly included in national industrial relations systems, which results in employment relations becoming trapped in vicious circles of weak enforcement and precarious work. This article shows how Danish unions have, nonetheless, been successful in enacting existing institutions and organising the construction of the Copenhagen Metro City Ring, despite initially encountering a highly fragmented, transnational workforce and several subcontracting firms that actively sought to circumvent Danish labour-market regulation. This is explained by the union changing their organising and enforcement strategies, thereby utilising various power resources to create inclusive strategies towards transnational workers. This includes efforts to create shared objectives and identity across divergent groups of workers and actively seeking changes in the public owners’ attitude towards employment relations.
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K.P, Balraj. "Impact of Women Self Help Groups towards Poverty Alleviation and Empowerment." Journal of Management and entrepreneurship 18, no. 1 (2024): 72–81. https://doi.org/10.70906/20241801072081.
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India is categorised as a developing country with substantial obstacles concerning poverty and unemployment. Upon completing the ninth plan, it was observed that a considerable segment of the Indian populace, particularly 27.1%, was residing in impoverished circumstances. A significant proportion of the populace, 29.1%, dwelled in rural regions, distinguished by elevated poverty levels. The current unemployment rate among females stands at approximately 8.5%. There has been a notable surge of 10.8% in the yearly unemployment rate among women residing in rural regions. The underlying cause of this situation can be attributed to the lacklustre expansion of novel and fruitful employment prospects. At the culmination of the IX plan, there was a discernible upward trend in the execution of several initiatives to reduce poverty and generate employment opportunities. On the other hand, using Self Help Groups offers a more attractive strategy as it requires fewer financial resources and entails less effort. A self-help group (SHG) is an organised gathering of individuals with similar socioeconomic characteristics who come together regularly to provide each other with mutual support and assistance. Individuals convene to offer reciprocal assistance in surmounting their individual obstacles and acquiring knowledge from the mistakes of their peers. The government utilises the approach of women’s empowerment as a method to tackle socioeconomic poverty. Women have been pivotal in transforming the self-help savings movement, contributing to the widespread acceptance and adoption. This can be attributed to their conscious endeavours to improve their future prospects. To effectively achieve its Development Agenda, the government has emphasised the inclusion of individuals, specifically women. This strategy has effectively permitted the development of a multitude of SHG entities throughout the state. Notably, a considerable percentage of women actively engage in these collectives, making a daily contribution of one rupee towards their savings. The primary aim of this research is to investigate the prominent SHGs operating within the region of Erode. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of women’s participation in Self Help Groups on their empowerment, taking into account the considerable focus on the group-based approach in implementing programmes aimed at rural women
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Fernández-Reino, Mariña, Jonas Radl, and María Ramos. "Employment Outcomes of Ethnic Minorities in Spain: Towards Increasing Economic Incorporation among Immigrants and the Second Generation?" Social Inclusion 6, no. 3 (2018): 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v6i3.1441.
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This article examines the labour market outcomes of immigrants in Spain, a country that has become a migration destination only since the end of the 1990s. Differentiating between first and second generation of immigrant descent, we compare the labour market involvement of the main ethnic groups with the majority group. One particular focus is to understand which minorities have been hit the hardest by the Great Recession. To this end, we use data from the European Union Labour Force Survey for the years 2008 and 2014, and more specifically the two ad-hoc modules on the labour market situation of migrants. Analysing men and women separately, we run a set of multivariate logistic regression models to control for compositional differences. In this way, we examine ethnic gaps not only in labour force participation but also in the degree of underutilisation of human capital, measured as workers’ level of over-education as well as the incidence of involuntary part-time employment. Our results show that while most origin groups do not show significantly lower employment participation than the majority group, the employment quality of immigrants in terms of involuntary part-time work and over-education is substantially worse, especially since the crisis.
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Vörös, Máté, Zsófia Ásványi, and Diána Ivett Fűrész. "Evaluating Part-Time and Fixed-Term Employment Schemes by Employees Using the Example of a Financial Insurance Company." Financial and Economic Review 21, no. 2 (2022): 94–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.33893/fer.21.2.94.
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All forms of employment, part-time and fixed-term employment included, are sustainable only if they create mutually beneficial conditions both for employers and employees. While benefits for employers are more obvious in these particular forms of employment, employees’ preferences are less frequently discussed. The study is a comparative analysis between employees with part-time and fixedterm and with typical employment contracts with respect to exit rate and chances of corporate career development. The data pool consisted of 4,683 employees employed by a large Hungarian corporation. In contrast to previous studies, instead of using qualitative methods, a quantitative analysis of employees’ attitude towards part-time and fixed-term employment was carried out as part of the research. The focus of our investigation was to find out whether or not employees perceived atypical employment as advantageous. Based on the results obtained, it can be stated that compared to employees in typical forms of employment, the exit rate among members of the two atypical employment groups was higher, and their career development opportunities were also more limited.
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De Reu, G., M. Lambert, D. Declerck, P. Bottenberg, and J. Vanobbergen. "SOCIAL GRADIENT IN CARIES EXPERIENCE AND ORAL HYGIENE BEHAVIOURS IN THE BELGIAN POPULATION." Community Dental Health 33, no. 04 (2016): S6—S7. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265539x2016033004010.
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Methods: The data are derived from the Belgian “Oral Health Data Registration and Evaluation System (OHDRES) 2009”, collected between September 2009 and November 2010. A multi-stage, stratified cluster sampling technique was used to obtain a sample representative of the Belgian population aged 5 years and older. Data collection consisted of an Oral Health Interview (self-administered questionnaire, pre- tested and validated) and a standardized Oral Health Examination by a dentist during a home visit. ANOVA and multivariable regression analyses were used to reveal associations between social parameters and oral hygiene related parameters with oral health outcomes after correction for age and sex. School aged children, students and retired people were excluded for inferential analyses. Results: 2742 subjects completed the questionnaire, a clinical oral examination was done for 2563 participants. 53% (N= 1,495) of the participants were female, mean age of 43 years. From the total population 11.1 % were caries-free. The mean DMFT was 10.8 (±8.71). Employment status had a significant influence on untreated tooth decay (p=0.05) and edentulism (p=0.02) while untreated tooth decay was also influenced by frequency of tooth brushing and plaque index (p<0.002 and p>0.001 respectively). People having higher education versus lower or no education or having Belgian nationality versus non-Belgian nationality have lower DMFT-scores (both p=0.003). Conclusions: Caries prevalence, expressed as mean DMFT and proportion of untreated tooth decay in Belgium are influenced by level of education and employment status respectively. Underprivileged groups have higher DMFT and more untreated dental decay.
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Mizzi, Robert. "Towards a Decolonizing Framework for Pre-Departure Education." Comparative and International Education 49, no. 1 (2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/cie-eci.v49i1.13434.
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In light of the increasing mobility of people for study and employment purposes and the fact that Indigenous groups continue to be marginalized across the globe, this article introduces a tentative framework for adult educators or facilitators to decolonize their pre-departure orientations for workers or learners who plan to live in a different country. Drawing on Indigenous education principles, the framework consists of three guiding principles that intersect with one another: (1) Indigenizing teaching practice, (2) deconstructing ruling relations, and (3) promoting reflexivity, mutual respect, and understanding. Challenges to implementing this framework include organizational requirements to maintain a Western dominance in their pre-departure programs.
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Troje, Daniella, and Anna Kadefors. "Employment requirements in Swedish construction procurement – institutional perspectives." Journal of Facilities Management 16, no. 3 (2018): 284–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfm-09-2016-0038.
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Purpose Today, social procurement and requirements to create employment for disadvantaged groups in particular, are increasingly used in the construction sector. The purpose of this paper is to explore the use of employment requirements and its organizational implications in Sweden, and to suggest a possible theoretical approach for studying this phenomenon in the future. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on written sources describing influential Swedish cases where employment requirements have been used, as well as on interviews with central actors in industry and society. Findings Due to the increased use of employment requirements, the construction industry may currently be experiencing the initial stages of a process of institutional change. This implies that a traditional logic, where value is perceived as a function of the cost and quality of the physical product, is increasingly co-existing and competing with a logic where social value plays an important role. Practical implications An institutional perspective could enable a rich explication of processes, practices and roles, which might help individual practitioners and organizations to more purposefully work towards a more informed and effective use of employment requirements. Originality/value This study takes a first step towards increased theorization of the emergent practice of including employment requirements in construction procurement and its organizational implications. Thereby, research on this phenomenon may be more closely related to and informed by relevant developments in the wider academic community.
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Kulagina, Elena. "Employment of persons with disabilities: opportunities, priorities and outcomes of active policies in welfare states. Part two." Sociologicheskaja nauka i social'naja praktika 13, no. 1 (2025): 117–41. https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2025.13.1.6.
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This two-part article examines the active employment policies of welfare states and their impact on the situation of persons with disabilities of working age. On the basis of research materials and data from population surveys in the EU and OECD countries, the article analyzes the trends of active employment policy towards persons with moderate and severe disabilities in welfare states of different models for the period from 2010 to 2020. The second part of the article reveals the approaches of active policy to the selection of priority groups of citizens with disabilities to direct social investments in the promotion of labor, to the redistribution of responsibilities towards employers in traditional forms of employment: special workshops and job quota systems, to the provision of social guarantees in the conditions of de-regulation of the labor market. It shows the resources of traditional forms of employment, preferences of employees and employers that influence the expansion of employment opportunities. The potential of active policy measures is considered: the possibilities of hiring workers with disabilities with different degrees of impairment and reducing unemployment, as well as the sustainability of the results of fixation in the labor market. The forms and conditions of employment of persons with disabilities in the conditions of labor market deregulation, job quality factors and the level of social guarantees are revealed. The results of active policy in achieving self-sufficiency in the transition from social security to labor and the assessment of their sustainability are presented.
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Radtke, Jörg, Özgür Yildiz, and Lucas Roth. "Does Energy Community Membership Change Sustainable Attitudes and Behavioral Patterns? Empirical Evidence from Community Wind Energy in Germany." Energies 15, no. 3 (2022): 822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030822.
Full textAbstract:
Community energy is seen as a helping hand for local, decentralized energy transition. Besides the main goal of supporting the community-friendly and socially acceptable development of renewable energies, the hope is also that a pro-environmental influence on sustainability behavior will be triggered when joining a community energy project. An analysis of a survey among 16 community energy projects in Germany, with 565 completed questionnaires, shows that a certain part of the members pays more attention to their energy behavior and develop a more positive attitude towards a decentralized energy transition and citizen participation after joining the community energy project. Therefore, we can empirically support that climate protection projects, such as community energy, influence pro-environmental attitudes and behavior, but this does not apply equally to all population groups. Members with higher income and stronger interest in returns are less likely to change their behavior. Based on these findings, we recommend the development of community energy policies that are more responsive to differences in social structure and address both privileged and underprivileged groups in a sophisticated way using specific offers and modes of involvement within the associations.
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Marzana, Daniela, Adriano Mauro Ellena, Sara Martinez-Damia, et al. "Public Employment Services and Strategic Action towards Rural NEETs in Mediterranean Europe." Social Sciences 13, no. 1 (2023): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci13010007.
Full textAbstract:
The NEET phenomenon in southern Europe is particularly alarming. Most studies have focused on analysing the socio-demographic characteristics of NEET and policies directed towards them, but more research is needed regarding the psychological aspects that underlie this condition. This paper, grounded in the bioecological model, aims to analyse the psychological dimensions regarding the functioning of Public Employment Services (PESs) in three countries that rely on the South Mediterranean welfare model. Between November 2022 and September 2023, research was conducted across six rural PES locations in Italy, Spain, and Portugal, based on interviews and focus groups with PES operators and young NEET users. Thematic analysis identified two central axes: Enhancing Relationships and Building Strategic Action, which were crucial for improving NEET-PES interactions and fostering connections between PES and other community entities. The results highlighted the importance of psychological elements in the effective involvement of NEETs in policy initiatives.
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Tenza, ME. "A Retrospective Evaluation of Affirmative Action – Taking Stock After Twenty Years." Fundamina 28, no. 1 (2022): 104–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/fund/v28/i1a3.
Full textAbstract:
Affirmative action measures were included in the Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998 as a vehicle to drive the process of transformation in employment. South Africa has had affirmative action measures for more than twenty years, with the expectation that their implementation would bring equality in employment. The question that arises is whether designated and other employers are making progress in achieving the goals of the Employment Equity Act through the implementation of affirmative action measures in their workplaces. The Employment Equity Report of 2020–2021 states that there is an improvement in the employment of people from designated groups, despite some barriers. This shows that the country is slowly making progress towards achieving the goal of equality in employment. Despite the reports by the Commission for Employment Equity, this contribution argues that the implementation of affirmative action is very slow. Like other programmes designed to change the status quo, the implementation of affirmative action measures has not been without challenges. Factors, such as the unwillingness on the part of designated employers to implement affirmative action measures; lack of appropriate implementation plans in many workplaces; and fear or resistance to change by people occupying senior positions in employment, all contribute to the slow progress in implementing affirmative action measures. In addition, the contribution argues that the limited definition of designated groups is not in line with the Constitution and with international law obligations implied by the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD). The contribution recommends that the Employment Equity Act be amended to comply with the Constitution and ICERD to accelerate the process of change in employment. As a step in the right direction, the Employment Equity Amendment Bill of 2020 empowers the minister to set numerical targets for certain sectors.