Relevant bibliographies by topics / Underrun protection

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Underrun protection'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Underrun protection"

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Xie, Jin Fa, and Yan Qiang Cheng. "Analysis and Collision Simulation Research of the Latest Underrun Protective Device." Applied Mechanics and Materials 590 (June 2014): 534–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.590.534.

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For a truck rear guard device connections is weak, the height from the ground does not meet the national standard. Used CATIA to design the latest kind of swinging truck rear underrun protector. The size of the latest protective frame meet the requirements of Chinese standard GB1567.2-2001. Used the finite element simulation of analysis software LS-DYNA, make the simulation experiment of rear end collision between a car and the truck. Analysis of the curve about the transient dynamic response, displacement, velocity and acceleration of protective frame in the process of collision, Clearly show the deformation process in the rear-end collision process of the protection frame. it proved the effectiveness of the protective frame. Analysis and collision simulation research of the latest underrun protective device.
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Langwieder, Klaus, Johann Gwehenberger, and Martin Kandler. "Rear underrun protection system in commercial vehicles." ATZ worldwide 103, no. 5 (May 2001): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03226779.

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Rao, T. Ramamohan. "Design and Optimization of Front Underrun Protection Device." IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 8, no. 2 (2013): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1684-0821925.

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Jaju, Satish, and Sahil Pandare. "Rear Underrun Protection Test (ECE R58) using CAE Simulation." SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles 9, no. 2 (September 27, 2016): 276–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-8098.

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Pooudom, S., S. Chanthanumataporn, S. Koetniyom, and J. Carmai. "Design and Development of Truck Rear Underrun Protection Device." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 501 (April 9, 2019): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/501/1/012017.

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Schram, R., F. J. W. Leneman, C. D. van der Zweep, J. S. H. M. Wismans, and W. J. Witteman. "Assessment criteria for assessing energy-absorbing front underrun protection on trucks." International Journal of Crashworthiness 11, no. 6 (June 2006): 597–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/ijcr.2006.0154.

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Forsberg, J., and L. Nilsson. "The optimisation process of an energy absorbing frontal underrun protection device." International Journal of Vehicle Design 46, no. 3 (2008): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijvd.2008.019087.

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Feng, Shiyuan, Zhanfeng Liu, Yunlong Zhao, and Geli Shi. "Collision simulation and design optimization of rear underrun protection device of lorry." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 189 (November 6, 2018): 042008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/189/4/042008.

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Mayank Laddha et al.,, Mayank Laddha et al ,. "The FEA Validation of Side Underrun Protection Device (SUPD) for Heavy Commercial Vehicles." International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development 9, no. 4 (2019): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24247/ijmperdaug201927.

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Balta, Berna, Onur Erk, H. Ali Solak, and Numan Durakbasa. "Pareto Optimization of Heavy Duty Truck Rear Underrun Protection Design for Regulative Load Cases." SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles 7, no. 2 (October 1, 2014): 726–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-9027.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Underrun protection"

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Sharma, Anil. "Design Analysis and Optimization of Front Underrun Protection Device." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-17092.

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Under-running of passenger vehicle is one of the major parameters to be considered during the design and development of truck chassis. Front Under-run Protection Device (FUPD) plays an important role in avoiding under-running of vehicles from front side of a truck. This thesis is used to develop additional device which stops the impact from frontal area, which will not allow the passenger car inside the truck. The complete thesis was started from an idea of adding FUPD to truck chassis. Design of FUPD is done using 3D CAD software CATIA V5R20, then complete FUPD assembly is imported and done pre-processing using Altair Hyper Mesh, for visualizing the results. Crash analysis is done using Altair Radioss & results interpretation is done using HyperView and Hypergraph. FUPD is designed based on ECE R93 which satisfies the failure criteria (Standard) of displacement less than 400 mm. An Initial Design is generated along with Holding Brackets as an assembly using CATIA V5 as a tool. Base design is further optimized for getting light weight structure that meets structural performance criteria. By assuming all the loading conditions as per the standards, an amount of 27% mass reduction is obtained in FUPD Assembly along with holding bracket.
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Pavliš, František. "Kontrola bezpečnostních prvků přípojných vozidel." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400474.

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This diploma thesis deal with safety components of trailer and semitrailer technology, especially the elements for underrun protection. The first part deals with the legislative requirements on which safety elements are based. In another part are mentioned the construction solutions of underrun protection devices from the portfolio of company SVAN Chrudim s.r.o. Finally, the computational part is processed to verify sufficient strength of underpass protections.
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Books on the topic "Underrun protection"

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Jennifer, Kent, and International Institute for Sustainable Development., eds. Perverse subsidies: How tax dollars can undercut the environment and the economy. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2001.

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Adams, Zoe, and Simon Deakin. Corporate Governance and Employment Relations. Edited by Jeffrey N. Gordon and Wolf-Georg Ringe. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198743682.013.44.

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Rent-sharing between employees and shareholders is a necessity if the societal value of the firm is to be maximized. This is reflected in laws across the world which, in different ways, underpin job security and worker voice. Where employees have no role in firm-level governance and are weakly protected by regulation, contractual arrangements intended to align investor and worker interests often fail. A growing body of empirical evidence, drawing in part on leximetric data, points to the beneficial economic effects of employment protection and codetermination laws for innovation and productivity. These laws also promote equality, in contrast to laws mandating additional protections for shareholders to those provided by basic corporate law, which are distributionally regressive as well as being of questionable value for efficiency.
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Marks, Amber, Ben Bowling, and Colman Keenan. Automatic Justice? Edited by Roger Brownsword, Eloise Scotford, and Karen Yeung. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199680832.013.32.

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This chapter examines how forensic science and technology are reshaping crime investigation, prosecution, and the administration of criminal justice. It highlights the profound effect of new scientific techniques, data collection devices, and mathematical analysis on the traditional criminal justice system. These blur procedural boundaries that have hitherto been central, while automating and procedurally compressing the entire criminal justice process. Technological innovation has also resulted in mass surveillance and eroded ‘double jeopardy’ protections due to scientific advances that enable the revisiting of conclusions reached long ago. These innovations point towards a system of ‘automatic justice’ that minimizes human agency and undercut traditional due process safeguards that have hitherto been central to the criminal justice model. To rebalance the relationship between state and citizen in a system of automatic criminal justice, we may need to accept the limitations of the existing criminal procedure framework and deploy privacy and data protection law.
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Aloysius P, Llamzon. Part III Towards a Jurisprudence Constante in Investment Arbitration Decision-Making on Corruption, 11 Concluding Chapter: Legal and Policy Tensions Underlying Anti-Corruption Decision-making. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198714262.003.0011.

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This chapter discusses the competing policy goals that vie for supremacy in every decision made by investment arbitrators concerning corruption. It considers all the policies that underpin the system of international investment arbitration — investor protection, good governance, and economic development — vis-à-vis international anti-corruption norms, leading to the proposal of an alternate typology for transnational corruption that may better assist arbitrators in the resolution of difficult corruption-related issues.
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Malgosia, Fitzmaurice. Part III Human Health and Human Rights, 17 Intergenerational Equity, Ocean Governance, and the United Nations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198823964.003.0017.

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This chapter examines the role of the United Nations (UN) in fulfilling the concept of intergenerational equity as it relates to ocean governance. The concept of intergenerational equity is inexorably linked to the principle of sustainable development. Three basic principles underpin intergenerational equity: conservation of options, conservation of quality, and conservation of access. The chapter first considers the concept of intergenerational equity within the context of sustainable development and environmental protection before discussing international conventions and soft law instruments including the principle of intergenerational equity. It then explains how the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) takes into account intergenerational equity and goes on to review national and international case-law concerning intergenerational equity and the rights of future generations. It also analyses constitutional and institutional protection of the rights of future generations and concludes with an assessment of UN approaches addressing the needs of future generations.
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Stone, Adrienne, and Frederick Schauer, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Freedom of Speech. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198827580.001.0001.

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This book discusses freedom of speech, which is central to the liberal democratic tradition. Freedom of speech touches on every aspect of our social and political system and receives explicit and implicit protection in every modern democratic constitution. Moreover, it is frequently referred to in public discourse and has inspired a wealth of legal and philosophical literature. The book provides a critical analysis of the foundations, rationales, and ideas that underpin freedom of speech as a political idea, and as a principle of positive constitutional law. In doing so, it examines freedom of speech in a variety of national and supranational settings from an international perspective.
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Book chapters on the topic "Underrun protection"

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Hickman, Mary J. "Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Irish Citizens Abroad." In IMISCOE Research Series, 259–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51245-3_15.

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Abstract This chapter will show that Irish policies for citizens abroad are characterized by an intention to maximise the usefulness of the diaspora for Irish national interests and by a commitment to address the welfare, cultural and other needs of the Irish abroad and strengthen links between Ireland and its diaspora. The chapter addresses the main demographic characteristics of the Irish diaspora, the chief structures and policies of the Irish Government’s engagement with its diaspora and examines the social protection policies that include the Irish abroad, indicating the main principles that underpin this aspect of engagement with the diaspora. Finally, some of the ways in which Irish diaspora policies are changing are noted.
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Yawson, David O., Michael O. Adu, Paul A. Asare, and Frederick A. Armah. "Multifunctional Landscape Transformation of Urban Idle Spaces for Climate Resilience in Sub-Saharan Africa." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_214-1.

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AbstractPoor physical and land use planning underpin the chaotic evolution and expansion in cities and towns in sub-Saharan Africa. This situation amplifies urban vulnerability to climate change. Worse, urban landscapes are rarely considered part of the discourse on urban development in sub-Saharan Africa, let alone in climate change adaptation. Yet, landscapes are known to play crucial roles in social, economic, and cultural resilience in cities and towns. Hence, designing basic forms of appealing and functional urban landscapes that support multiple ecosystem services is essential to the drive towards resilience, which relates to the ability to maintain or improve the supply of life support services and products (such as food and water) in the face of disturbance. In this chapter, the idea of transforming idle urban spaces into multifunctional edible urban landscapes is introduced and explored as instrumental for cost-effective adaptation and resilience to climate change in cities and towns in sub-Saharan Africa. Multifunctional edible urban landscape is defined here as a managed landscape that integrates food production and ornamental design, in harmonious coexistence with other urban structures to promote or provide targeted, multiple services. These services include food security, scenic beauty, green spaces for active living and learning, jobs and livelihoods support, environmental protection, climate adaptation, and overall urban resilience. This approach constitutes a triple-win multifunctional land use system that is beneficial to landowners, city managers, and the general community. This chapter explores the benefits, challenges, and prospects for practically transforming urban idle spaces into multifunctional edible urban landscapes using an example project from Ghana. The chapter shows that multifunctional edible urban landscape transformation for resilience is practically feasible, and sheds light on the possibility of the food production component paying for landscaping and landscape management. It concludes with thoughts on actions required across sectors and multiple scales, including mobilizing stakeholders, laws, policies, and incentives, to actualize multifunctional edible urban landscapes as key transformational components of resilience in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Yawson, David O., Michael O. Adu, Paul A. Asare, and Frederick A. Armah. "Multifunctional Landscape Transformation of Urban Idle Spaces for Climate Resilience in Sub-Saharan Africa." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2193–219. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_214.

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AbstractPoor physical and land use planning underpin the chaotic evolution and expansion in cities and towns in sub-Saharan Africa. This situation amplifies urban vulnerability to climate change. Worse, urban landscapes are rarely considered part of the discourse on urban development in sub-Saharan Africa, let alone in climate change adaptation. Yet, landscapes are known to play crucial roles in social, economic, and cultural resilience in cities and towns. Hence, designing basic forms of appealing and functional urban landscapes that support multiple ecosystem services is essential to the drive towards resilience, which relates to the ability to maintain or improve the supply of life support services and products (such as food and water) in the face of disturbance. In this chapter, the idea of transforming idle urban spaces into multifunctional edible urban landscapes is introduced and explored as instrumental for cost-effective adaptation and resilience to climate change in cities and towns in sub-Saharan Africa. Multifunctional edible urban landscape is defined here as a managed landscape that integrates food production and ornamental design, in harmonious coexistence with other urban structures to promote or provide targeted, multiple services. These services include food security, scenic beauty, green spaces for active living and learning, jobs and livelihoods support, environmental protection, climate adaptation, and overall urban resilience. This approach constitutes a triple-win multifunctional land use system that is beneficial to landowners, city managers, and the general community. This chapter explores the benefits, challenges, and prospects for practically transforming urban idle spaces into multifunctional edible urban landscapes using an example project from Ghana. The chapter shows that multifunctional edible urban landscape transformation for resilience is practically feasible, and sheds light on the possibility of the food production component paying for landscaping and landscape management. It concludes with thoughts on actions required across sectors and multiple scales, including mobilizing stakeholders, laws, policies, and incentives, to actualize multifunctional edible urban landscapes as key transformational components of resilience in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Stahl, Bernd Carsten. "The Impact of the UK Human Rights Act 1998 on Privacy Protection in the Workplace." In Computer Security, Privacy and Politics, 55–68. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-804-8.ch004.

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Privacy is one of the central issues in the information society. New technologies pose new threats to privacy but they may also facilitate new ways of protecting it. Due to the generally accepted importance of privacy, many countries now have explicit legislation to support privacy protection. At the same time there are philosophical debates about privacy, its definitions, meanings, and limitations. In this chapter I present the current state of legal protection of privacy in the United Kingdom. In doing so, I will argue that there are different philosophical concepts of privacy that underpin different pieces of legislation. I will explore what this may mean for the justification of privacy protection and speculate where the future development may be heading.
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Heins, Elke, and Hayley Bennett. "Retrenchment, conditionality and flexibility – UK labour market policies in the era of austerity." In Labour Market Policies in the Era of Pervasive Austerity. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447335863.003.0010.

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This chapter examines the changes and continuities in the areas of unemployment benefits, employment protection legislation, active labour market policies, training and human capital formation, and needs-based social protection for the unemployed in the United Kingdom. A number of significant welfare reforms driven by the aim of deficit reduction since 2010 led to increasing labour market flexibility and less income protection despite growing problems of precariousness. Many training programmes have been redefined either as a work test or turned into an opportunity for employers to undercut existing employment protection legislation and the minimum wage. Rather than being a turning point, the crisis led to a continuation of policies that further retrenched social investment-type policies that were already weak to begin with.
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Vrabec, Helena U. "Control as a Central Notion in the Discussion on Data Subject Rights." In Data Subject Rights under the GDPR, 48–63. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868422.003.0003.

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Chapter 3 establishes a bridge between (a) the general overview of the data-driven economy and the pertaining legal framework, and (b) the specific analysis of data subject control rights. Individual control represents a central notion in philosophical discussions related to people’s autonomy and freedom. In a similar manner, individual control over data plays an important role in the provisions of primary and secondary EU (data protection) law, and has two facets: the normative, meaning that control links back to the values that underpin the entire legal field; and the instrumental, which materialises through the provisions on data subject rights. Despite being a central notion in data protection law, individual control faces many challenges which are rooted in the specific characteristics of the data-driven economy.
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Lamb, Chris. "Prospects for Engineering Enhanced Durable Disease Resistance in Crops." In Feeding a World Population of More Than Eight Billion People. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195113129.003.0020.

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Plants have evolved a battery of defense mechanisms that in aggregate provide protection against a wide range of potential viral, bacterial, fungal, and other pathogens encountered throughout the plant life cycle. However, in the artificial setting of agriculture, disease, although the exception, can be costly and even devastating. Crop diseases have played significant roles in human history, exemplified by the widespread starvation and mass emigration triggered by the failure of European potato crops in the mid-nineteenth century as a result of late blight. Today, the use of pesticides, breeding for resistance, and integrated pest management provide important tools for reducing crop losses to pre-and postharvest diseases. However, agrichemicals are expensive, prohibitively so for many fanners in developing countries, and there are increasing concerns about environmental load from their intensive application. Likewise, major disease resistance (R) genes are in many cases not durable, resistance breaking down within one or two seasons as a result of selection pressure on the pathogen population, and most breeding efforts now rely on combinations of minor resistance genes, each giving partial protection. For a number of important diseases, such as take-all of wheat, there is no effective genetic resistance. Population growth, migration to cities, desertification, and climate change all now contribute to an urgent need to secure diversified food production against disease losses. In this chapter I discuss the prospects that genetic engineering of disease-resistance mechanisms can contribute to durable, broad protection and hence underpin enhanced crop productivity. Plants have a number of performed physical and chemical defensive mechanisms that help protect against the myriad potential pathogens to which plants arc exposed (Osbourn, 1996). However, superimposed upon this preexisting protective armory, plants respond to the perception of pathogen attack by activation of inducible defense mechanisms (Lamb et al., 1989; Staskawicz et al., 1995). Many of the most important crop diseases involve specialized interactions between pathogen and host. Interactions between specific plant cultivars and defined physiological races or strains of potential pathogens are described as compatible (host susceptible, pathogen virulent) or incompatible (host resistant, pathogen avirulent).
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Shortland, Anja. "Kidnap for Ransom as a Business." In Kidnap, 1–12. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815471.003.0001.

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Trading hostages is a highly complex economic transaction, yet most hostages are successfully ransomed. This suggests that there are effective institutions governing the market for hostages. Private governance solutions can emerge spontaneously through repeated interactions, but local norms and institutions would not automatically extend to transnational kidnaps. This chapter introduces insurers as providers of governance in the transnational market for hostages. To create a profitable insurance product, insurers help the insured to prevent kidnaps and resolve the relatively few abductions that occur. Kidnap insurance obliges or encourages the insured to use a wide range of associated services that order and stabilize the market for hostages. The well-governed markets for protection and hostages underpin desirable economic activities such as international trade, investment, development, and aid.
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Loughenbury, Peter R., and Richard M. Hall. "Spinal stability." In Oxford Textbook of Neurological Surgery, edited by Ramez W. Kirollos, Adel Helmy, Simon Thomson, and Peter J. A. Hutchinson, 669–78. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746706.003.0057.

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The vertebral column is a series of bones that connect the head to the pelvis, supported by a complex arrangement of muscles and ligaments. Regional variation in the anatomy of the column affords protection for the spinal cord, provides stability and mobility, and allows transmittance of movement to the lower limbs. When subjected to forces and displacements the column is uniquely adapted to provide the balance of stability and mobility necessary for upright posture and locomotion. Abnormal loading can cause a failure of the column through a bony or soft tissue injury. This can lead to clinical instability—a failure of the spine to maintain normal physiological loads without undue pain, deformity, or neurological injury. The concepts of spinal biomechanics and spinal instability are central in the decision-making processes following spinal trauma and underpin the understanding of pathological conditions of the spine and their surgical treatment.
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Andrew, Clapham. "Part I The Human Rights Mandate of the Principal Organs, 2 The General Assembly." In The United Nations and Human Rights. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198298373.003.0003.

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This chapter examines the General Assembly, which is the United Nations’ main deliberative organ. To the extent that it reflects the will of the majority of the UN members, it has some influence on the organization’s general direction. It is the organ generally mandated to discuss and make recommendations on any question within the scope of the UN Charter, and it is specifically asked to initiate studies and make recommendations to promote, among other things, human rights. However, the General Assembly is an assembly of state representatives. This political composition can make it difficult to find agreement on which human rights deserve promotion, and which states, or rather which governments, should be singled out for censure. Nevertheless, the General Assembly has developed the international law and universal standards which underpin the world of human rights protection, improved the United Nation’s institutional machinery, and authorized some important human rights-related field operations and investigative mandates.
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Conference papers on the topic "Underrun protection"

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Cappello, F., T. Ingrassia, and V. Nigrelli. "Design of a new high energy rear underrun protective device." In HPSM 2008. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/hpsm080341.

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Cerniglia, D., E. Lombardo, Vincenzo Nigrelli, Theodore E. Simos, and George Psihoyios. "Conceptual Design by TRIZ: An Application to a Rear Underrun Protective Device for Industrial Vehicle." In INTERNATIONAL ELECTRONIC CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER SCIENCE. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3037085.

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O¨rjasaeter, Oddvin, Per J. Haagensen, and Hans Olav Knagenhjelm. "Relative Importance of Defects in Girth Welds of Linepipes." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29549.

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The Ormen Lange deepwater gas field is located at water depth down to 1100 meters. The irregular seabed gives severe challenges to pipeline design and verification program was launched to demonstrate adequate fatigue capacity. The research included: modern welding techniques (5G and 2G welding positions), mapping of actual welding defects, misalignment (high/low) and lack of penetration. The thick walled pipe (35mm) showed low or even compressive residual stresses at the inside. This will to some extent be “protective” to the root of the weld. The exceptions to this pattern were the repair welds and the two-sided welds. The small scale test results fell close to the full scale pipe tests when taking into account the geometrical weld distortions, loading mode, and the distribution of weld defects. The importance of the parameters influencing the fatigue capacity could be ranged as follows, most detrimental first: large crack-like defects (LOP, undercut > 1mm), hi/lo, and V-shape (radial shrinkage at the girth weld).
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Anson, D., W. J. Sheppard, and W. P. Parks. "Impact of Ceramic Components in Gas Turbines for Industrial Cogeneration." In ASME 1992 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/92-gt-393.

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A development thrust for the adoption of ceramic components in industrial gas turbines, now being sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, may have a considerable impact on the growth rate and ultimate capacity of the cogeneration sector. The economic justification for cogeneration rests on the ability to undercut the cost of purchased power after taking credit for the useful heat recovery, and it is frequently marginal after consideration of fuel, maintenance, and pollution control devices. After reviewing briefly the factors contributing to the economic viability of cogeneration systems, this paper presents arguments to show how the use of ceramics in industrial gas turbine can be instrumental in reducing installation and operating costs. Improved gas turbines based on ceramic materials technology also will provides means for meeting environmental protection requirements without the use of back end flue gas treatment, and will be able to utilize byproduct industrial gaseous and liquid fuels more effectively. These improvements can increase substantially the economic return from cogeneration systems, and are expected to result in increased cogeneration capacity and a sustained market for industrial gas turbines. Predictions are made of the size of the U.S. industrial gas turbine cogeneration market. The annual fuel savings resulting from displacement of utility generation capacity could amount to 2 × 1017 joules (2 × 1014 Btu’s) by the year 2010.
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Carlson, Matthew D., Bobby M. Middleton, and Clifford K. Ho. "Techno-Economic Comparison of Solar-Driven SCO2 Brayton Cycles Using Component Cost Models Baselined With Vendor Data and Estimates." In ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2017-3590.

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Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) Brayton power cycles have the potential to significantly improve the economic viability of concentrating solar power (CSP) plants by increasing the thermal to electric conversion efficiency from around 35% using high-temperature steam Rankine systems to above 45% depending on the cycle configuration. These systems are the most likely path toward achieving the Department of Energy’s (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) SunShot targets for CSP tower thermal to electric conversion efficiency above 50% with dry cooling to air at 40 °C and a power block cost of less than 900 $/kWe. Many studies have been conducted to optimize the performance of various sCO2 Brayton cycle configurations in order to achieve high efficiency, and a few have accounted for drivers of cost such as equipment size in the optimization, but complete techno-economic optimization has not been feasible because there are no validated models relating component performance and cost. Reasonably accurate component cost models exist from several sources for conventional equipment including turbines, compressors, and heat exchangers for use in rough order of magnitude cost estimates when assembling a system of conventional equipment. However, cost data from fabricated equipment relevant to sCO2 Brayton cycles is very limited in terms of both supplier variety and performance level with most existing data in the range of 1 MWe power cycles or smaller systems, a single completed system around 7 MWe by Echogen Power Systems, and numerous ROM estimates based on preliminary designs of equipment for 10 MWe systems. This data is highly proprietary as the publication of individual data by any single supplier would damage their market position by potentially allowing other vendors to undercut their stated price rather than competing on reduced manufacturing costs. This paper describes one approach to develop component cost models in order to enable the techno-economic optimization activities needed to guide further research and development while protecting commercially proprietary information from individual vendors. Existing cost models were taken from literature for each major component used in different sCO2 Brayton cycle configurations and adjusted for their magnitude to fit the limited vendor cost data and estimates available. A mean fit curve was developed for each component and used to calculate updated cost comparisons between previously-reviewed sCO2 Brayton cycle configurations for CSP applications including simple recuperated, recompression, cascaded, and mixed-gas combined bifurcation with intercooling cycles. These fitting curves represent an average of the assembled vendor data without revealing any individual vendor cost, and maintain the scaling behavior with performance expected from similar equipment found in literature.
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