Journal articles: 'Underwater communication'

1

Massey, Auldin J. "Underwater communication device." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 87, no. 2 (February 1990): 921–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.398868.

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Barroeta, Carlos, Floriberto R. Ortiz, and Juan Francisco Novoa Colin. "Underwater communication system." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 128, no. 4 (October 2010): 2355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3508354.

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R., JANAKI. "Li-Fi Based Underwater Video Communication." Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 51, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 946–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36872/lepi/v51i2/301148.

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P., Renuka Devi. "Underwater Communication Using Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 5 (April 20, 2020): 2264–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i5/pr201925.

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Anderson, Jacob, and Geoffrey A. Hollinger. "Communication Planning for Cooperative Terrain-Based Underwater Localization." Sensors 21, no. 5 (March 1, 2021): 1675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051675.

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This paper presents a decentralized communication planning algorithm for cooperative terrain-based navigation (dec-TBN) with autonomous underwater vehicles. The proposed algorithm uses forward simulation to approximate the value of communicating at each time step. The simulations are used to build a directed acyclic graph that can be searched to provide a minimum cost communication schedule. Simulations and field trials are used to validate the algorithm. The simulations use a real-world bathymetry map from Lake Nighthorse, CO, and a sensor model derived from an Ocean Server Iver2 vehicle. The simulation results show that the algorithm finds a communication schedule that reduces communication bandwidth by 86% and improves robot localization by up to 27% compared to non-cooperative terrain-based navigation. Field trials were conducted in Foster Reservoir, OR, using two Riptide Autonomous Solutions micro-unmanned underwater vehicles. The vehicles collected GPS, altimeter, acoustic communications, and dead reckoning data while following paths on the surface of the reservoir. The data were used to evaluate the planning algorithm. In three of four missions, the planning algorithm improved dec-TBN localization while reducing acoustic communication bandwidth by 56%. In the fourth mission, dec-TBN performed better when using full communications bandwidth, but the communication policy for that mission maintained 86% of the localization accuracy while using 9% of the communications. These results indicate that the presented communication planning algorithm can maintain or improve dec-TBN accuracy while reducing the number of communications used for localization.

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Potapychev, S., V. Malyj, and Y. Ivakin. "SUPPORT FOR DECISION-MAKING ON THE RATIONAL PLACEMENT OF ANTENNAS OF UNDERWATER COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS IN THE INTERESTS OF DISPATCHING OF GEO-SPACE PROCESSES." Telecom IT 8, no. 1 (April 2020): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.31854/2307-1303-2020-8-1-90-100.

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The paper considers the main features of evaluating the efficiency of positional and mobile underwater communication systems with immersed correspondent objects at the stage of their design and deciding on the coordinates of the installation site of the transmitter-receiver antennas based on modeling and visualization of the expected underwater communication zones using intelligent geographic information systems. The influence of the quality of information support of geographic information systems on the accuracy of the calculation results of the expected zones of underwater communication in various hydrological and acoustic conditions is assessed. Research subject. The article is devoted to the issues of evaluating the efficiency of underwater communication and intellectual decision-making support for rational spatial distribution of receiving and transmitting antennas of underwater communication systems with immersed correspondent objects. Method. A method for optimizing (choosing a rational option) the spatial distribution of receiving and transmitting antennas of positional underwater communications or the depth of setting of lowered and towed antennas of marine underwater communications using specialized software and information tools and geographic information systems is considered. Core results. A new performance indicator is proposed in the form of the spatial volume of the underwater communication zone and a method has been developed to optimize the spatial distribution of the receiving and transmitting antennas according to the criterion of the maximum volume of the expected underwater communication zone for given hydrological and acoustic conditions in the area. Practical relevance. The introduction of the developed method into the systems of sonar calculations and automated decision support for advanced underwater communication systems will significantly reduce the decision-making time for the placement of antennas (when designing or planning applications) and increase the efficiency (stability and range) of underwater communication means with immersed objects - correspondents.

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Li, Xinrui, and Dandan Li. "Study of Wireless Sensor Network Based on Optical Communication: Research Challenges and Current Results." Modern Electronic Technology 6, no. 1 (June 23, 2022): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/met.v6i1.11372.

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With the rapid developments of commercial demands, a majority of advanced researches have been investigated for the applications of underwater wireless sensor (WSN) networks. Recently optical communication has been considered for underwater wireless sensor network. An experimental set-up for testing optical communication underwater has been provided and designed in present papers to maximize the energy coupled from these displacements to the transduction mechanism that converts the mechanical energy into electrical. The true case has been considered by measuring diffuse attenuation coefficients in different seas. One stand out potential optical communication method, Visible Light Communication (VLC) has been talked and several communication methods are compared from many points of view, for example attenuation in salt water. The evaluation of modulation techniques for underwater wireless optical communications has been displayed, and further how the data collection and storage with an underwater WSN is introduced. In this paper current researches for an (UWSN) based on optical communication are studied, in particular the potential VLC method and comparisons of VLC with other optical communication approaches. Underwater challenges would be analyzed by comparing a sort of communication methods, applied in underwater. Future work will be developed at last.

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Palkar, Shylesh, Sanjay H C, Shreyank B Reddy, Pavan H P, and Manoj Kumar H. "INFRARED WIRELESS UNDERWATER COMMUNICATION SYSTEM." International Research Journal of Computer Science 9, no. 8 (August 12, 2022): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/irjcs.2022.v0908.10.

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The Wireless communication has been booming in the recent years. However, not much has been done to accomplish communication in water in a wireless manner which can be useful in many scenarios. Most of the communication modes that are existing as of now are either not reliable or are very expensive. IR rays can pass through water and thus be used in case of line of sight for communication purpose in this medium. This IR communication using Keyboard uses two units both controlled by ATmega family microcontroller. Both of the units have IR trans-receivers as communicating agents. Keyboards are needed to be connected on both the ends to enter input to the system. The communication messages get displayed on the LCD connected to the system. The system communicates with confirmation key that is sent back by receiving unit to the sending unit. In this way wireless communication is implemented with great efficiency within a line of sight range of about 3-4 meters under the water with the help of IR wireless underwater Communication project.

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Leccese, Fabio, and Giuseppe Schirripa Spagnolo. "State-of-the art and perspectives of underwater optical wireless communications." ACTA IMEKO 10, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v10i4.1097.

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In scientific, military, and industrial sectors, the development of robust and efficient submarine wireless communication links is of enormous interest. Underwater wireless communications can be carried out through acoustic, radio frequency (RF), and optical waves. Underwater optical communication is not a new idea, but it has recently been considered because seawater exhibits a window of reduced absorption both in the visible spectrum and long-wavelength UV light (UV-A). Compared to its bandwidth limited acoustic counterpart, underwater optical wireless communications (UOWCs) can support higher data rates at low latency levels. Underwater wireless communication networks are important in ocean exploration, military tactical operations, environmental and water pollution monitoring. Anyway, given the rapid development of UOWC technology, documents are still needed showing the state of the art and the progress made by the most current research. This paper aims to examine current technologies, and those potentially available soon, for Underwater Optical Wireless Communication and to propose a new perspective using UV-A radiation.

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He, Jun, Jie Li, Xiaowu Zhu, Shangkun Xiong, and Fangjiong Chen. "Design and Analysis of an Optical–Acoustic Cooperative Communication System for an Underwater Remote-Operated Vehicle." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (May 30, 2022): 5533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115533.

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Underwater wireless communication technology plays a key role in the field of marine equipment technology. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate an underwater optical–acoustic cooperative communication platform for an underwater wireless data transmission system. The system utilizes an underwater Remote-Operated Vehicle (ROV) as a carrier, equipped with LEDbased optical communication and acoustic communication modems. In particular, the system applies optical communication to transmit large-scale data and applies acoustic communication to provide acoustic-assisted signaling exchange before optical transmission and Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) during optical transmission. By experimentally measuring the transmission distance under different water quality conditions, we found that the system can achieve a data rate of up to 5 Mb/s over a laboratory underwater channel of 7.6 m. By comparing the attenuation coefficients for the outdoor underwater environment with that in clear seawater, we estimate that the achievable link distance in clear seawater can reach 11 m with a data rate of 3.125 MB/s. The proposed system takes both implementation complexity and cost into consideration and also provides significant guidance for future real-time high-speed underwater optical–acoustic communications.

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11

Lee. "Underwater Acoustic Communication Using Nonlinear Chirp Signal." Journal Of The Acoustical Society Of Korea 33, no. 4 (2014): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.7776/ask.2014.33.4.255.

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Goh, J. H., A. Shaw, and A. I. Al-Shamma'a. "Underwater wireless communication system." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 178 (July 1, 2009): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/178/1/012029.

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Kaushal, Hemani, and Georges Kaddoum. "Underwater Optical Wireless Communication." IEEE Access 4 (2016): 1518–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2552538.

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Blackmon, Fletcher, Lee Estes, and Gilbert Fain. "Linear optoacoustic underwater communication." Applied Optics 44, no. 18 (June 20, 2005): 3833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.44.003833.

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Naresh Kumar, D., and . "Securing Underwater Wireless Communication Networks." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.23 (April 20, 2018): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.23.15344.

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Underwater remote correspondence systems (UWCNs) are especially defenseless against vindictive assaults because of the high piece blunder rates, huge and variable proliferation deferrals, and low data transmission of acoustic channels. The special attributes of the Underwater acoustic correspondence channel and the contrasts between Underwater sensor systems and their ground-based partners require the improvement of productive and solid security instruments. In this class, an entire review of security for UWCNs is exhibited, and the exploration challenge for secure correspondence in this condition is sketched out.UWCNs incorporate sensors and self-ruling Underwater vehicles (AUVs) that collaborate to perform particular applications, for example, Underwater observing. Coordination and data sharing amongst sensors and AUVs make the arrangement of security testing.

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Chen, Shuo, Jun Lei Song, Zi Min Yuan, Yang Liu, and Pei Pei Guo. "Diver Communication System Based on Underwater Optical Communication." Applied Mechanics and Materials 621 (August 2014): 259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.621.259.

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The underwater diver visible light communication system integrating information collection, transmission and processing achieves the optical communication device established for the diver’s underwater wireless transmission and underwater sensor network. The front-end signal acquisition module capable of carrying out voice and image acquisition utilizes a MEMS digital microphone and a high performance CMOS camera to change optical signals in to digital ones. The signal source applies wavelet conversion and the channel coding and decoding apply Turbo algorithms, channel modulation and demodulation adopt PPM modulation, so compression, coding and modulation are mounted on TI's high-performance DSP TMS320DM642 platform to ensure the stability and reliability of data transmission. Back-end data acquisition module utilizes a photomultiplier tube and its peripheral circuits for receiving and converting optical signals. Display and storage modules are TFT and SD cards to achieve data reception and sound and light reduction and storage functions.

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Xue, Wei, and Jun Wang. "Modeling and Simulation of the Propagation Characteristics by Underwater Conduction Current Field." Applied Mechanics and Materials 385-386 (August 2013): 1582–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.385-386.1582.

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Underwater conduction current field communication is a low noise system. It is absolutely to realize the short-distance underwater wireless communication .Compared with underwater acoustic communication, because of the electrical noise underwater is very low, so using underwater current field to realize short-distance underwater wireless communication has a certain advantage. In order to implement the design of conduction current field in underwater communication system better, its necessary to explore and study underwater signal transmission by establishing mathematical model of underwater signal propagation characteristics based on the theory of constant current field and simulating the mathematical model with MATLAB. To fully understand the underwater conduction current field channel characteristics in the actual field environment, we established a simulation model of underwater conduction current field communication channel physical experiment and obtained the amplitude frequency characteristics of the channel based on the external field test data, it laid a solid foundation for the parameter selection of underwater communication system.

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18

Zhou, Liu, Nie, Yang, Zhang, and Ma. "M-ary Cyclic Shift Keying Spread Spectrum Underwater Acoustic Communications Based on Virtual Time-Reversal Mirror." Sensors 19, no. 16 (August 16, 2019): 3577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19163577.

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Underwater acoustic communications are challenging because channels are complex, and acoustic waves when propagating in the ocean are subjected to a variety of interferences, such as noise, reflections, scattering and so on. Spread spectrum technique thus has been widely used in underwater acoustic communications for its strong anti-interference ability and good confidentiality. Underwater acoustic channels are typical coherent multipath channels, in which the inter-symbol interference seriously affects the performance of underwater acoustic communications. Time-reversal mirror technique utilizes this physical characteristic of underwater acoustic channels to restrain the inter-symbol interference by reconstructing multipath signals and reduce the influence of channel fading by spatial focusing. This paper presents an M-ary cyclic shift keying spread spectrum underwater acoustic communication scheme based on the virtual time-reversal mirror. Compared to the traditional spread spectrum techniques, this method is more robust, for it uses the M-ary cyclic shift keying spread spectrum to improve the communication rate and uses the virtual time-reversal mirror to ensure a low bit error rate. The performance of this method is verified by simulations and pool experiments.

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Darlis, Arsyad Ramadhan, Andre Widura, and Muhamad Rifan Andrian. "Bidirectional Underwater Visible Light Communication." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 6 (December 1, 2018): 5203. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i6.pp5203-5214.

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In this paper, a novel bidirectional underwater visible light communication (BiUVLC) is proposed. The VLC transmitter transmits an information signal using the one of RGB LED through the water tank that represents an underwater environment and then is received by VLC receiver via a color filter. The color LEDs and color filters are utilized in bidirectional systems. The single link is created by a LED on the transmitter and the color filter on the receiver with the same color which represents a single wavelength. The performance of the proposed BiUVLC system was evaluated via implementations. The experimental result shows that the transmitted signal undergoes attenuation over the underwater optical channel and the pair of the blue wavelength in link 1 and the green wavelength in link 2 have the best performance than the other wavelength pair. In the crosstalk measurement, the red wavelength color is the worst in the underwater environment.

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Cossu, Giulio. "Recent achievements on underwater optical wireless communication [Invited]." Chinese Optics Letters 17, no. 10 (2019): 100009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201917.100009.

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Chen, Menglei, Weikai Xu, Deqing Wang, and Lin Wang. "Multi-carrier chaotic communication scheme for underwater acoustic communications." IET Communications 13, no. 14 (August 27, 2019): 2097–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2018.5524.

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Li, Ye, Yan Hong Fan, Fei Yuan, and Xiao Mei Xu. "Research on an Embedded Ultra-Low-Bit-Rate Speech Coding Algorithm." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 1951–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.1951.

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Ultra-low-bit-rate speech coding algorithm was in great demand for many fields such as underwater speech communications. Underwater speech communication for middle-long distance has the characteristics of narrow bandwidth as well as low transmission rate, which makes the underwater speech communication much difficult. Ultra-low-bit-rate speech coding algorithm plays an important role on this occasion. More over, it will be more flexible for the underwater speech communication system if the speech coding algorithm has an embedded structure. The paper introduced the principle of an embedded speech coding algorithm with dual rates at both 300bps and 400bps based on the enhanced mixed excitation linear prediction model. The results show that this embedded ultra-low-bit-rate speech coding algorithm has satisfactory quality under both DRT and MOS test.

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Afaque H, Saliq, Vishal Dasari, and T. K. Ramesh. "A technical survey on underwater communication." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.8 (February 27, 2018): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.9502.

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The world’s pace has elevated technology to a higher pinnacle in the field of communication, yet the research in underwater communication is progressing in a slow traverse due to its compound barriers. Underwater communication is one of the unique and challenging fields in communication engineering in the case of both designing and communication. It is limited by several factors like the multipath channel and frequency which is limiting the application of underwater communication. An appropriate choice of modulation will enable the device to give better data rates. As every communication needs higher data rates, appropriate devices must be coupled with multiple access methods to make it efficient and reliable. The paper is a plot of the data surveyed on underwater communication which combines of major challenges associated with underwater applications and the approaches to mitigate some of these challenges is data.

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Onur, T. O. "Investigation of Parameters Affecting Underwater Communication Channel." Journal of Engineering Sciences 7, no. 1 (2020): F39—F44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/jes.2020.7(1).f4.

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Underwater communication has become a widely studied area in recent years and showed great potential to be an area of research. Acoustic communication is often preferred in underwater communication due to its suitability for an underwater diffusion environment. However, in underwater communication, the physical and chemical properties of the water environment affect sound propagation. Therefore, determining and examining parameters affecting channel performance in underwater communication plays an essential role in inefficient communication. In this study, the effects of salinity, depth, noise, temperature, and frequency parameters for the underwater channel model are examined. By determining the effects of these parameters on spherical and cylindrical propagation, suitable propagation geometry and parameter values for an efficient channel are investigated. In light of the results obtained, in case of studying in a limited area, the path and absorption losses can be reduced by selecting cylindrical propagation as a geometrical propagation model, thereby an efficient channel model can be formed. Keywords: cylindrical propagation, spherical propagation, underwater communication channel, acoustic communication, path loss, absorption loss.

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van Walree, Paul A., and Roald Otnes. "Ultrawideband Underwater Acoustic Communication Channels." IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering 38, no. 4 (October 2013): 678–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/joe.2013.2253391.

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Domingo, Mari. "Securing underwater wireless communication networks." IEEE Wireless Communications 18, no. 1 (February 2011): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2011.5714022.

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ABE, Toshio. "Data Communication of Underwater Vehicle." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 105, no. 1000 (2002): 159–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.105.1000_159.

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Hanson, Frank, and Stojan Radic. "High bandwidth underwater optical communication." Applied Optics 47, no. 2 (January 9, 2008): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.47.000277.

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Arnon, Shlomi. "Underwater optical wireless communication network." Optical Engineering 49, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 015001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.3280288.

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Jiang, Mengying, Jingting Li, Lin Gao, and Yiwen Wang. "Simple underwater wireless communication system." Procedia Engineering 15 (2011): 2459–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.08.462.

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Bai, Chao, Hai-Peng Ren, Murilo S. Baptista, and Celso Grebogi. "Digital underwater communication with chaos." Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 73 (July 2019): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cnsns.2019.01.027.

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N, Reshma, and T. K. Ramesh. "Underwater channel design for diver communication." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.8 (February 28, 2018): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.9352.

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Underwater channels are usually considered to be very difficult media for communication purposes. There are many reasons that pull back us from considering these types of channels for communication purposes. Limited bandwidth, Doppler effect, multipath propagation etc are some of those reasons. These reasons limit the usage of underwater channel for wide range of applications.Optical waves, RF waves and acoustic waves are generally used. Among the methods, acoustic waves are used in most of the cases since less attenuation and scattering properties are offered by acoustic waves. There are many acoustic channel models existing but require some improvisations according to the diving application. An efficient acoustic underwater channel for diver communication is designed and implemented in this paper. Rayleigh channel model is considered in our algorithm that can deal with multipath propagation and Doppler effect with underwater specifications incorporated to it.This method gives a better result compared to OFDM and MIMO models. Further, a comparison between different modulation techniques like ASK, BPSK and QAM have been done. Results show QAM is a better modulation scheme for underwater environment.

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Chen, Hongbin, Yi Zhu, Wenwen Zhang, Kefei Wu, and Fei Yuan. "Underwater Acoustic Micromodem for Underwater Internet of Things." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (September 13, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9148756.

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Underwater acoustic communication (UAC) networks are becoming a hot spot for research due to the growing demand for ocean development. Previous acoustic modems were mainly designed for the field of ocean engineering construction and scientific investigation, and consequently, with the characteristics of large size and high-power consumption, a low-cost, low-power consuming micromodem is proposed in this paper to satisfy the requirements of underwater Internet of Things (IoT). The STM32F767 processor is embedded in the micromodem as the core for fast digital signal processing. Furthermore, a convolutional code–block interleaving–frequency hopping–MFSK underwater communication scheme is also discussed to ensure the communication quality. Experimental results are shown to demonstrate our modem can realize the reliable UAC transmission of 200~300 bit/s at the distance of 500 m.

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Lončar, Ivan, Anja Babić, Barbara Arbanas, Goran Vasiljević, Tamara Petrović, Stjepan Bogdan, and Nikola Mišković. "A Heterogeneous Robotic Swarm for Long-Term Monitoring of Marine Environments." Applied Sciences 9, no. 7 (April 2, 2019): 1388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9071388.

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This paper describes an underwater acoustic sensor network consisting of a heterogeneous robotic swarm used for long-term monitoring of underwater environments. The swarm consists of a large number of underwater robots acting as sensor nodes with limited movement capabilities, and a few surface robots aiding them in accomplishing underwater monitoring scenarios. Main interactions between two types of robots include underwater sensor deployment and relocation, energy and data exchange, and acoustic localisation aiding. Hardware capabilities of each vehicle are described in detail. Inter-agent communication is split into two layers: surface and underwater communication. Surface communication utilises wireless communication using WiFi routers configured for decentralised routing. Underwater communication mainly uses acoustic communication which, when used within a large swarm, poses a challenging task because of high probability of interference and data loss. The acoustic communication protocol used to prevent these issues is presented in detail. Finally, more complex functionalities of the robotic swarm are presented, including several results from real-life experiments.

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Su, Bao Ping. "High Sediment Concentration Underwater Communication Using Current Field." Applied Mechanics and Materials 475-476 (December 2013): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.475-476.45.

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The Yellow River is the muddiest major river in the world. It has thick bottom sediment and its water has low light transmittance, which can make sound signal, laser, radio waves through it attenuated and communication distance in its waters limited. So it is unable to meet the communication requirements of the underwater survey. In order to solve the problem, based on the electrical conductivity of water, an idea of underwater communication using current field was proposed, a model of underwater current field communication channel was also made according to electromagnetic field theory. The relationship among the received signal, transmitting voltage, communication distance and other parameters were analyzed. Underwater current field communication devices were then developed. It was proved by test that the bi-way underwater communication of such devices was correct, reliable, and easy to perform, thus a practical and feasible communication means for the underwater survey in the Yellow River silt layer was provided.

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Yadav, Himani, Sanjeev Seth, and Rekha Mehra. "IR Underwater Wireless Communication: A Review." Journal of Communication Engineering and its Innovations 8, no. 2 (August 30, 2022): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/jocei.2022.v08i02.005.

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One of the biggest difficulties in the realm of technology is underwater wireless communication. Due to the increase in the number of vehicles and other equipment being used underwater, which need high bandwidth and consequently large capacity for information transfer, underwater wireless information transfer is of great importance. It was put forth and has gotten the most attention in the past 10 years. Although this field has made successive advancements, there has also been a concurrent constraint, which led to the replacement of acoustics with infrared waves (IR). The light emitting diode that delivers pulsed bursts of IR radiation to the light sending diode inside the second communication module receives the pulsed signal after it has passed through the modulation circuit. A suitable strategy is then chosen for the communication with the least amount of loss and the greatest amount of distance. In this paper, a secure underwater communication method is proposed.

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Zhou, Yuehai, Feng Tong, and Xiaoyu Yang. "Research on Co-Channel Interference Cancellation for Underwater Acoustic MIMO Communications." Remote Sensing 14, no. 19 (October 10, 2022): 5049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14195049.

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Multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems utilize multiple transmitters to send different pieces of information in parallel. This offers a promising way to communicate at a high data rate over bandwidth-limited underwater acoustic channels. However, underwater acoustic MIMO communication not only suffers from serious inter-symbol interference, but also critical co-channel interference (CoI), both of which degrade the communication performance. In this paper, we propose a new framework for underwater acoustic MIMO communications. The proposed framework consists of a CoI-cancellation-based channel estimation method and channel-estimation-based decision feedback equalizer (CE-DFE) with CoI cancellation functionalities for underwater acoustic MIMO communication. We introduce a new channel estimation model that projects the received signal to a specific subspace where the interference is free; therefore, the CoI is cancelled. We also introduce a CE-DFE with CoI cancellation by appending some filters from traditional CE-DFE. In addition, the traditional direct adaptive decision feedback equalization (DA-DFE) method and the proposed method are compared in terms of communication performance and computational complexity. Finally, the sea trial experiment demonstrates the effectiveness and merits of the proposed method. The proposed method achieves a more than 1 dB of output SNR over traditional DA-DFE, and is less sensitive to parameters. The proposed method provides a new approach to the design of robust underwater acoustic MODEM.

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Li, Xiaoji, Leiming Sun, Jiemei Huang, and Fanze Zeng. "Channel Polarization Scheme for Ocean Turbulence Channels in Underwater Visible Light Communication." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 2 (February 3, 2023): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020341.

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Underwater wireless communication technology plays an important role in marine environment monitoring and ecological protection. Underwater optical wireless communications (UWOCs) can currently achieve a transmission distance of hundreds of meters, and the rate can reach hundreds of Mbps or even Gbps, with low power consumption and high-speed features. In addition, UWOC also has the advantages of a small transceiver size and strong anti-electromagnetic interference ability, which is especially suitable for scenarios where underwater volume and power consumption are relatively limited. However, UWOC systems face problems such as unstable transceiver ends, ocean turbulence, and so on, resulting in reduced communication reliability and limited transmission distance. Establishing a stable and reliable communication link is critical to extending the communication distance of the UWOC system. In this paper, a model of ocean turbulence channels is established based on the power spectrum inversion method. The transmission characteristics of orbital angular momentum (OAM) light in an ocean turbulence channel are studied, then the mode selection of OAM light is determined. At the same time, the polarization coding technique is applied to the underwater OAM communication system for the first time. The simulation results show that this scheme can effectively extend the communication distance and reduce the system bit error rate.

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Liu, Tao, Jian Gan Wang, and Si Guang Zong. "Experimental Investigation on Underwater Opto-Acoustic Communication." Applied Mechanics and Materials 143-144 (December 2011): 653–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.143-144.653.

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The underwater opto-acoustic communication system for directional acoustic communication between an in-air platform and a submerged platform operating is important. The paper presents a new method to solve this problem with opto-acoustic technology, which combines high-energy laser, the opto-acoustic transmitter that optical energy is converted to acoustic energy at the water surface. The laser-based transmitter provides a versatile method for generating underwater sound. The acoustic pressure is linearly proportional to the laser power. The paper designed an experimental measurement system for the opto-acoustic communication. It made experiments for study on the waveform and spectrum characteristics of opto-acoustic signals. The paper also discuss the acoustic wave after optical breakdown in water with Nd:YAG laser pulses. The opto-acoustic signals can controll by adjusting the laser's parameters. The conclusion is that the opto-acoustic communication has some technical advantages. This system presents a change in the way communicational from the air.

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Xu, Jing, Boon S. Ooi, and Gong-Ru Lin. "Editorial for Special Issue on Underwater Wireless Optical Communication." Chinese Optics Letters 17, no. 10 (2019): 100001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201917.100001.

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Xu, Jing. "Underwater wireless optical communication: why, what, and how? [Invited]." Chinese Optics Letters 17, no. 10 (2019): 100007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201917.100007.

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Jeon, Jun-Ho, and Sung-Joon Park. "Micro-Modem for Short-Range Underwater Mobile Communication Systems." Marine Technology Society Journal 50, no. 2 (March 1, 2016): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.50.2.4.

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AbstractRecently, there has been great interest in short-range underwater communication for applications such as water pollution monitoring, fish farming, oceanographic data collection, and underwater tactical surveillance based on underwater sensor network systems. Because underwater wireless communication relies primarily on acoustics, the development of acoustic modems has been an important topic that needs to be addressed. Furthermore, for years, underwater biomimetic fish robots have been studied in the area of biomechanics for scientific use and reconnaissance missions. In this article, we describe an underwater mobile communication system where fish robots act as sensor nodes, which is different from the conventional concept of an underwater sensor network that is static. We describe the issues that need to be resolved to provide mobility to a node, and we develop a micro-modem to meet the requirements of a moving node. Experiments conducted with prototypes in both a lake and a river verify that the proposed system provides a new degree of freedom (mobility) and is a viable approach.

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Liu, Zhiyong, Fan Bai, and Lizhong Song. "Underwater Decode-Interleave-Forward Cooperative Strategy for Underwater Acoustic Communication." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 19698–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2897110.

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Li, Chang Chun, and Zhi Guang Wang. "Applications of Laser Underwater Communication on Diving Operation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 40-41 (November 2010): 430–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.40-41.430.

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SCUBA diving is popular used ,while its safety is not ensured as underwater communication can not be established, in order to improve the safety of scuba diving ,here through the study on features of different ways of underwater communication, we think that the laser underwater communication is best way .

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Kathavarayan, Balaji, and Sakthivel Murugan Santhanam. "Execution of Channel Characterization for Underwater Optical Wireless Communication System in Blue-Green Spectral Range for Different Types of Sea Water Based on Chlorophyll Content." Issue 01-2022, no. 01-2022 (February 2022): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2021-046.

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Underwater optical wireless communication system supplies extraordinary enthusiasm to the military, industry, and mainstream researchers, as it assumes a significant job in strategic observation, contamination checking, oil control and upkeep, seaward investigations, environmental change seeing, and oceanography research. To encourage every one of these exercises, there is an expansion in the quantity of unmanned vehicles or gadgets conveyed submerged, which require high data transmission and high limit with regards to data move submerged. Even if massive advancement has been made in the field of acoustic correspondence submerged, be that as it may, it is restricted by data transfer ability. This has prompted the expansion of underwater optical wireless communication system as it gives higher information rates than the customary acoustic correspondence frameworks with fundamentally lower power use and less difficult computational complexities for short-extend remote connections. Underwater optical wireless communication has numerous potential applications running from profound seas to beach front waters. Be that as it may, the greatest test for underwater optical wireless communication system from the principal attributes of sea or ocean water. Tending to these difficulties requires an exhaustive comprehension of complex physic-compound natural frameworks. This paper gives a comprehensive outline of ongoing advances in underwater optical wireless communication. Channel representation, parameter plans, suitable wavelength of underwater optical wireless communication, light used for optical communication, various noise sources, analysis of received and transmitted power are discussed for to underwater optical wireless communication. This paper not just gives comprehensive examination in underwater optical wireless communication system in addition intends to give the improvement of new thoughts that would help in the development of future underwater optical wireless communication.

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Murgod, Tejaswini R., and S. Meenakshi Sundaram. "Survey on underwater optical wireless communication: perspectives and challenges." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v13.i1.pp138-146.

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<div><p class="Affiliation">The demand for underwater communication is growing at a faster pace since few decades. Maximizing the communication performance and building efficient network architecture for underwater communication is a challenging task. Due to the reduced bandwidth, high error rate, noise, propagation delay, water currents and increased cost in the network topology, the existing communication techniques are not feasible for underwater communication. Research in high speed underwater transmission technology has become a primary need in today’s world. By using underwater acoustic sensor network high transmission distance can be achieved but with lower data rates, high power consumption, larger delays and with higher cost. Underwater Optical Communication can be used to increase data rates and lower delays but it suffers from high attenuation due to which it cannot be used for data transfer over larger distances. Research in the area of hybrid sensor networks is a challenging task and has many open research challenges, which needs to be solved. In this paper we discuss the various architectures of underwater communication. A comparative study is made on different routing protocols and localization algorithms. The challenges faced by acoustic and optical communication are also discussed.</p></div>

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Liu, Xinyang, Lei Wang, Jie Xiong, Chi Lin, Xinhua Gao, Jiale Li, and Yibo Wang. "UQRCom." Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 6, no. 4 (December 21, 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3571588.

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While communication in the air has been a norm with the pervasiveness of WiFi and LTE infrastructure, underwater communication still faces a lot of challenges. Even nowadays, the main communication method for divers in underwater environment is hand gesture. There are multiple issues associated with gesture-based communication including limited amount of information and ambiguity. On the other hand, traditional RF-based wireless communication technologies which have achieved great success in the air can hardly work in underwater environment due to the extremely severe attenuation. In this paper, we propose UQRCom, an underwater wireless communication system designed for divers. We design a UQR code which stems from QR code and address the unique challenges in underwater environment such as color cast, contrast reduction and light interfere. With both real-world experiments and simulation, we show that the proposed system can achieve robust real-time communication in underwater environment. For UQR codes with a size of 19.8 cm x 19.8 cm, the communication distance can be 11.2 m and the achieved data rate (6.9 kbps ~ 13.6 kbps) is high enough for voice communication between divers.

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E-Fatima, Shan, and Monika Tripathi. "PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC COMMUNICATION USING DEEP LEARNING APPROACH." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 08 (August 31, 2022): 704–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15225.

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This research aims to improve underwater acoustic communication using deep learning. Due to an increase in undersea operations, dependable communication systems have become more important. The undersea environments complexity reduces the efficacy of underwater audio communication, despite its widespread use. Using mathematical equations and approximations, the underwater sound pathway has been modeled. These projects aim to enhance underwater communication systems by better understanding the underwater audio channel. In this study, we investigate the abilities of device learning and deep studying to investigate and accurately replicate the underwater acoustic channel by making use of real-world underwater data. This is done by analyzing the results of the study. The information has been compiled with the aid of using a combination of strategies, which include machine learning and in-depth reading. In particular, the Deep Neural Community (DNN) and long quick term memory (LSTM) modeling strategies are used in order to achieve the goal of simulating the underwater audio channel. The results of the trials demonstrate that these models are capable of accurately modeling the underwater acoustic communication channel. Furthermore, the findings suggest that deep learning models, particularly LSTM, are better models in terms of mean absolute percentage error. The vast majority of the currently available UWSN routing protocols use a classical routing strategy.

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Lopes, Minal, and Nisha Sarwade. "Optimized decoy state QKD for underwater free space communication." International Journal of Quantum Information 16, no. 02 (March 2018): 1850019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749918500193.

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Quantum cryptography (QC) is envisioned as a solution for global key distribution through fiber optic, free space and underwater optical communication due to its unconditional security. In view of this, this paper investigates underwater free space quantum key distribution (QKD) model for enhanced transmission distance, secret key rates and security. It is reported that secure underwater free space QKD is feasible in the clearest ocean water with the sifted key rates up to 207[Formula: see text]kbps. This paper extends this work by testing performance of optimized decoy state QKD protocol with underwater free space communication model. The attenuation of photons, quantum bit error rate and the sifted key generation rate of underwater quantum communication is obtained with vector radiative transfer theory and Monte Carlo method. It is observed from the simulations that optimized decoy state QKD evidently enhances the underwater secret key transmission distance as well as secret key rates.

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Campagnaro, Filippo, Alberto Signori, and Michele Zorzi. "Wireless Remote Control for Underwater Vehicles." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 10 (September 24, 2020): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8100736.

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Nowadays, the increasing availability of commercial off-the-shelf underwater acoustic and non-acoustic (e.g., optical and electromagnetic) modems that can be employed for both short-range broadband and long-range low-rate communication, the increasing level of autonomy of underwater vehicles, and the refinement of their underwater navigation systems pave the way for several new applications, such as data muling from underwater sensor networks and the transmission of real-time video streams underwater. In addition, these new developments inspired many companies to start designing hybrid wireless-driven underwater vehicles specifically tailored for off-shore operations and that are able to behave either as remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) or as autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), depending on both the type of mission they are required to perform and the limitations imposed by underwater communication channels. In this paper, we evaluate the actual quality of service (QoS) achievable with an underwater wireless-piloted vehicle, addressing the realistic aspects found in the underwater domain, first reviewing the current state-of-the-art of communication technologies and then proposing the list of application streams needed for control of the underwater vehicle, grouping them in different working modes according to the level of autonomy required by the off-shore mission. The proposed system is finally evaluated by employing the DESERT Underwater simulation framework by specifically analyzing the QoS that can be provided to each application stream when using a multimodal underwater communication system specifically designed to support different traffic-based QoSs. Both the analysis and the results show that changes in the underwater environment have a strong impact on the range and on the stability of the communication link.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Underwater communication'

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