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Journal articles on the topic 'UNDEX'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 September 2023

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1

Hsu, Ching Yu, Tso Liang Teng, Cho Chung Liang, Hai Anh Nguyen, and Chien Jong Shih. "The Study on the Dynamic Response of Cylindrical Pressure Hull on the Different Shock Loading Empirical Formula." Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (October 2015): 604–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.604.

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This paper focuses on the comparison between underwater explosion (UNDEX) shock loading empirical formulations. First, the numerical simulations for a cylindrical pressure hull subjected to UNDEX loading were conducted and the results are close to the failure modes shown in experiments of Kwon (1993). Second, the empirical UNDEX loading formula of Cole (1948), Keil (1961) and Shin (1994) used in cylinder subjected to underwater shock loading were compared. The simulation results by using three empirical formulas were compared and Shin’s (or Cole’s) empirical formula was shown to be better than

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2

Du, Zhi Peng, Yu Wang, Yong Chen, and Hong Xing Hua. "A New Type of Rubber Sandwich Coated Onto Ship for the Use of Underwater Explosion Shock Mitigating." Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (August 2009): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.291.

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How to moderate ship the damages caused by the underwater explosion (UNDEX) is of great interest to the modern ship designers. A new type of rubber sandwich with periodic honeycomb core was developed to mitigate the ship shock due to UNDEX. A ship with or without the rubber coat was tested under “near combat conditions” by igniting a 8 kg charge of TNT underwater at varying standoff distances from the ship. The effects of the shocks to ship systems were observed and the responses of the ship were monitored and recorded for each shot. The pressures in the water around the ship were also recorde

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3

Wang, Yuhao, Hongxiao Dong, Tong Dong, and Xiangyun Xu. "Dumbbell-Shaped Damage Effect of Closed Cylindrical Shell Subjected to Far-Field Side-On Underwater Explosion Shock Wave." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 12 (December 3, 2022): 1874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10121874.

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In naval warfare, underwater explosion (UNDEX) shock waves significantly influence the stability and safety of the pressure hull structure of the equipment. This study investigated the unique dynamic buckling of a closed cylindrical shell subjected to a far-field side-on UNDEX shock wave using a three-dimensional numerical simulation based on acoustic–structural arithmetic. In particular, the flow-field response characteristics, plastic deformation, and yield characteristics of the cylindrical shell were determined under the influence of the UNDEX shock wave. Subsequently, the failure mode of

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4

Sanders, Jacob, Girum Urgessa, and Rainald Löhner. "Literature Review on the Response of Concrete Structures Subjected to Underwater Explosions." CivilEng 2, no. 4 (October 11, 2021): 895–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/civileng2040048.

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This paper presents a review of research on underwater explosions (UNDEX) with a focus on the structural response of concrete or reinforced concrete (RC) structures. First, the physical phenomena of UNDEX and its effects are discussed describing both the theory and considerations of the event. Then a brief description of the standard UNDEX experiment is followed by computational methods that employ governing equations that are used for verification of those methods. Lastly, a discussion on structural response for UNDEX is presented with a particular focus on concrete structures.

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O’Daniel, James L., Theodor Krauthammer, Kevin L. Koudela, and Larry H. Strait. "An UNDEX response validation methodology." International Journal of Impact Engineering 27, no. 9 (October 2002): 919–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0734-743x(02)00014-3.

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Wang, Hao, Yuan Sheng Cheng, Jun Liu, and Lin Gan. "The Fluid-Solid Interaction Dynamics between Underwater Explosion Bubble and Corrugated Sandwich Plate." Shock and Vibration 2016 (2016): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6057437.

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Lightweight sandwich structures with highly porous 2D cores or 3D (three-dimensional) periodic cores can effectively withstand underwater explosion load. In most of the previous studies of sandwich structure antiblast dynamics, the underwater explosion (UNDEX) bubble phase was neglected. As the UNDEX bubble load is one of the severest damage sources that may lead to structure large plastic deformation and crevasses failure, the failure mechanisms of sandwich structures might not be accurate if only shock wave is considered. In this paper, detailed 3D finite element (FE) numerical models of UND

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7

Nguyen, Anh-Tu. "A numerical research on the interaction between underwater explosion bubble and deformable structure using CEL technique." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 1 (January 19, 2023): 134–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2023.002637.

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The dynamic process of an underwater explosion (UNDEX) bubble in the vicinity of deformable structures is a complex phenomenon that has been studied by many researchers. The dynamic process of a UNDEX bubble is a complex transient problem that results in a highly distorted bubble and large deformation of the structure. The previous work has introduced various solutions for studying the interaction between the UNDEX bubble and deformable structure. The interaction between the bubble and nearby structures has been widely solved by the combination of the boundary element method (BEM) and the fini

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8

Elsayed, Fathallah, Li Li Tong, Hui Qi, and Mahmoud Helal. "Finite Element Analysis of Deep Elliptical Submersible Pressure Hull Subjected to a Side-On Non-Contact Underwater Explosion." Applied Mechanics and Materials 578-579 (July 2014): 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.578-579.256.

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Predicting the dynamic response of a floating and submerged structure subjected to underwater explosion is greatly complicated by the explosion of a high explosive, propagation of shock wave, bubble-pulse, complex fluid-structure interaction phenomena and the dynamic behavior of the floating structures. A numerical simulation has been carried out to examine the behavior of elliptical submersible pressure hull to non-contact underwater explosion (UNDEX) and take the effect of bubble-pulse. The finite element package ABAQUS was used to model the UNDEX and the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) ph

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9

Nguyen, Anh Tu. "The Application of CEL Technique to Simulate the Behavior of an Underwater Explosion Bubble in the Vicinity of a Rigid Wall." Applied Mechanics and Materials 902 (September 2020): 126–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.902.126.

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The dynamic process of an underwater explosion (UNDEX) is a complex phenomenon that involves several facets. After detonation, the shockwave radially propagates at a high speed and strikes nearby structures. Subsequently, bubble oscillation may substantially damage the structures because of the whipping effect, water jet impact, and bubble pulse. This paper presents an application of explicit finite element analyses to simulate the process of an UNDEX bubble in the vicinity of rigid wall, in which the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) approach was developed to overcome the difficulties regardi

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10

Biglarkhani, Masoud, and Keyvan Sadeghi. "Incremental Explosive Analysis and Its Application to Performance-Based Assessment of Stiffened and Unstiffened Cylindrical Shells Subjected to Underwater Explosion." Shock and Vibration 2017 (2017): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3754510.

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Incremental explosive analysis (IEA) is addressed as an applicable method for performance-based assessment of stiffened and unstiffened cylindrical shells subjected to underwater explosion (UNDEX) loading. In fact, this method is inspired by the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) which is a known parametric analysis method in the field of earthquake engineering. This paper aims to introduce the application of IEA approach in UNDEX in order to estimate different limit states and deterministic assessment of cylindrical shells, considering the uncertainty of loading conditions. The local, bay, an

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11

Mair, Hans U. "Benchmarks for Submerged Structure Response to Underwater Explosions." Shock and Vibration 6, no. 4 (1999): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1999/743708.

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Benchmarks for submerged structure response to underwater explosions (UNDEX) are compiled. Both analytical and empirical benchmarks are presented; each type has advantages and disadvantages for the purposes of model validation, though no methodology for employing these benchmarks in a model validation effort is proposed. Benchmark computations are also referenced as part of this compilation. Finally, extension of this compilation to the UNDEX response of internal equipment and floating structures, and to hydrodynamic/hydraulic ram problems, is proposed.

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Wu, Zongduo, Zhi Zong, and Lei Sun. "A Mie-Grüneisen mixture Eulerian model for underwater explosion." Engineering Computations 31, no. 3 (April 28, 2014): 425–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-03-2012-0065.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an improved Mie-Grüneisen mixture model to simulate underwater explosion (UNDEX). Design/methodology/approach – By using Mie-Grüneisen equations of state (EOS) to model explosive charge, liquid water and solid structure, the whole fluid field is considered as a multi-phases mixture under Mie-Grüneisen EOS. Then by introducing auxiliary variables in Eulerian model and using mass fraction to establish a diffusion balance, a new improved Mie-Grüneisen mixture model is presented here. For the new reconstructed mixture model, a second order MUSCL sc

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Wang, Gong Xian, and Yong Hu. "Advances in Shock Testing Facilities for Naval Shipboard Equipments." Advanced Materials Research 301-303 (July 2011): 1220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.301-303.1220.

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The capability to withstand non-contact underwater explosions (UNDEX) is an important aspect to be emphasized in the design of modern warships, and shock testing is one of the efficient methods to qualify the ability. A brief history on the research of shock testing of naval shipboard equipment as well as major means in evaluating anti-shock performance of warship equipment is introduced first in this paper. Three prevailing shock test methods: UNDEX testing, virtual shock trial and land-based test with shock test machines are presented with the focus on the advances in shock test machines in

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14

Helal, Huang, Fathallah, Wang, ElShafey, and Ali. "Numerical Analysis and Dynamic Response of Optimized Composite Cross Elliptical Pressure Hull Subject to Non-Contact Underwater Blast Loading." Applied Sciences 9, no. 17 (August 23, 2019): 3489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9173489.

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Among the most important problems confronted by designers of submarines is to minimize the weight, increase the payload, and enhance the strength of pressure hull in order to sustain the hydrostatic pressure and underwater explosions (UNDEX). In this study, a Multiple Intersecting Cross Elliptical Pressure Hull (MICEPH) subjected to hydrostatic pressure was first optimized to increase the payload according to the design requirements. Thereafter, according to the optimum design results, a numerical analysis for the fluid structure interaction (FSI) phenomena and UNDEX were implemented using non

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15

Kim, Hyeongjun, Gulgi Choi, Yangsub Na, Kyung Hoon Park, and Hyun Chung. "An Experimental Study on UNDEX Characteristics of Airbag Inflators." Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea 54, no. 5 (October 31, 2017): 439–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3744/snak.2017.54.5.439.

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16

Kim, Hyunwoo, and Joonmo Choung. "Shock-Resistance Responses of Frigate Equipments by Underwater Explosion." Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology 36, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26748/ksoe.2022.008.

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Three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D-FEA) models have been used to evaluate the shock-resistance responses of various equipments, including armaments mounted on a warship caused by underwater explosion (UNDEX). This paper aims to check the possibility of using one-dimensional (1D) FEA models for the shock-resistance responses. A frigate was chosen for the evaluation of the shock-resistance responses by the UNDEX. The frigate was divided into the thirteen discrete segments along the length of the ship. The 1D Timoshenko beam elements were used to model the frigate. The explosive charge

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17

Rong, Ji Li, Da Lin Xiang, and Jian Li. "Effects of Steel Case on Underwater Shock Wave." Applied Mechanics and Materials 52-54 (March 2011): 943–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.52-54.943.

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The effects of steel case confinement for the aluminized explosive on underwater explosion(UNDEX) were experimentally and numerically investigated. The experimental results using 1kg cylindrical charge cased 6mm steel shell, show that steel case enhance the peak pressure, impulse, shock wave energy and decay time relative to the bare charge. The effect of different thickness of steel case was analyzed. With the increase of the case thickness, the shock wave were enhanced first and weaken later, and there is a lag-effect for the peak pressure of shock wave. There is an optimal case thickness wh

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18

Lu, Zhaokuan, and Alan Brown. "Application of the Spectral Element Method in a Surface Ship Far-Field UNDEX Problem." Shock and Vibration 2019 (July 25, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7463134.

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The prediction of surface ship response to a far-field underwater explosion (UNDEX) requires the simulation of shock wave propagation in the fluid, cavitation, fluid-structure interaction, and structural response. Effective approaches to model the fluid include cavitating acoustic finite element (CAFE) and cavitating acoustic spectral element (CASE) methods. Although the spectral element method offers the potential for greater accuracy at lower computational cost, it also generates more spurious oscillations around discontinuities which are difficult to avoid in shock-related problems. Thus, t

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19

XIE, WENFENG, TIEGANG LIU, and YIN-LU YOUNG. "THE EFFECT OF SURFACE CURVATURE ON UNDEX-INDUCED HULL CAVITATION." Modern Physics Letters B 23, no. 03 (January 30, 2009): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984909018138.

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Hull cavitation evolution induced by an underwater explosion (UNDEX) near a deformable steel structure is numerically investigated using a multiphase compressible fluid solver1-3 coupled with an unsteady one-fluid cavitation model4,5. A series of computations are conducted with varying structure surface curvature. Results suggest that structure surface curvature influence the peak pressures generated from the shock impact and cavitation collapse; a concave-designed surface not only causes local shock focus but also enhances the subsequent cavitation reload.

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20

Si, Nan, Zhaokuan Lu, and Alan Brown. "Coupling with the Embedded Boundary Method in a Runge-Kutta Discontinuous-Galerkin Direct Ghost-Fluid Method (RKDG-DGFM) Framework for Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulations of Underwater Explosions." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 12 (December 3, 2021): 1375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9121375.

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Solution of near-field underwater explosion (UNDEX) problems frequently require the modeling of two-way coupled fluid-structure interaction (FSI). This paper describes the addition of an embedded boundary method to an UNDEX modeling framework for multiphase, compressible and inviscid fluid using the combined algorithms of Runge-Kutta, discontinuous-Galerkin, level-set and direct ghost-fluid methods. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver based on these algorithms has been developed as described in previous work. A fluid-structure coupling approach was required to perform FSI simulation in

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21

Klenow, B., and A. Brown. "Prevention of Pressure Oscillations in Modeling a Cavitating Acoustic Fluid." Shock and Vibration 17, no. 2 (2010): 137–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/904390.

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Cavitation effects play an important role in the UNDEX loading of a structure. For far-field UNDEX, the structural loading is affected by the formation of local and bulk cavitation regions, and the pressure pulses resulting from the closure of the cavitation regions. A common approach to numerically modeling cavitation in far-field underwater explosions is Cavitating Acoustic Finite Elements (CAFE) and more recently Cavitating Acoustic Spectral Elements (CASE). Treatment of cavitation in this manner causes spurious pressure oscillations which must be treated by a numerical damping scheme. The

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22

Fathallah, Elsayed, Hui Qi, Lili Tong, and Mahmoud Helal. "Numerical Simulation and Response of Stiffened Plates Subjected to Noncontact Underwater Explosion." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/752586.

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A numerical simulation has been carried out to examine the response of steel plates with different arrangement of stiffeners and subjected to noncontact underwater explosion (UNDEX) with different shock loads. Numerical analysis of the underwater explosion phenomena is implemented in the nonlinear finite element code ABAQUS/Explicit. The aim of this work is to enhance the dynamic response to resist UNDEX. Special emphasis is focused on the evolution of mid-point displacements. Further investigations have been performed to study the effects of including material damping and the rate-dependant m

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ZHANG, ZhenHua, XiuFeng HUANG, BangYi HAN, BaoChong REN, Xing JIN, JiHang WU, and YuanXin WANG. "The protective mechanism of pyramid lattice on submarine subjected to undex." SCIENTIA SINICA Physica, Mechanica & Astronomica 51, no. 12 (June 21, 2021): 124606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/sspma-2020-0373.

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Kumar, Y. Pawan, N. K. Gupta, Y. Sreenivas Rao, and Bhagirath Kant. "On Shock Response of Marine Sandwich Structures Subjected to UNDEX Loading." Procedia Engineering 173 (2017): 1932–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.12.255.

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Si, Nan, and Alan Brown. "A Framework of Runge–Kutta, Discontinuous Galerkin, Level Set and Direct Ghost Fluid Methods for the Multi-Dimensional Simulation of Underwater Explosions." Fluids 7, no. 1 (December 29, 2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids7010013.

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This work describes the development of a hybrid framework of Runge–Kutta (RK), discontinuous Galerkin (DG), level set (LS) and direct ghost fluid (DGFM) methods for the simulation of near-field and early-time underwater explosions (UNDEX) in early-stage ship design. UNDEX problems provide a series of challenging issues to be solved. The multi-dimensional, multi-phase, compressible and inviscid fluid-governing equations must be solved numerically. The shock front in the solution field must be captured accurately while maintaining the total variation diminishing (TVD) properties. The interface b

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Grządziela, Andrzej, and Marcin Kluczyk. "Preliminary Calculations for Minehunter's Genset Foundations." Transactions on Maritime Science 8, no. 1 (April 20, 2019): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7225/toms.v08.n01.006.

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The requirements for the foundations of naval vessel engines are based on classification rules devised by classification societies or/and military standardization rules. A class guideline was published, defining the requirements, acceptance criteria and machinery seating methods. There is also a schedule of basic calculation procedures for cast resin or rubber chocks which facilitates the process of machinery foundation design, preloading force calculation, the establishment of boundary conditions etc. In case of naval vessels, typical procedures do not meet tactical requirements due to potent

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Park, Il-Kwon, Jong-Chul Kim, Chin-Woo An, and Dae-Seung Cho. "Measurement of Naval Ship Responses to Underwater Explosion Shock Loadings." Shock and Vibration 10, no. 5-6 (2003): 365–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2003/803475.

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The shock-resistance capability of battle ships against a non-contact underwater explosion (UNDEX) is a very critical factor of survivability. In July 1987 and April 2000, we successfully conducted UNDEX shock tests for a coastal mine hunter (MHC) and a mine sweeper/hunter (MSH) of Republic of Korea Navy (ROKN), at the Chinhae bay, Korea. Test planning for conducting these shock tests included responsibilities, methods, and procedures. Test instruments were developed and tested on a drop shock machine to confirm availability in the actual shock tests with emphasis on shock resistance, remote c

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Si, Nan, Jinwon Park, and Alan J. Brown. "A Direct Ghost Fluid Method for Modeling Explosive Gas and Water Flows." Shock and Vibration 2022 (April 16, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1627382.

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This work presents a Direct Ghost Fluid Method (DGFM) as part of a two-fluid numerical framework suitable to model explosive gas and water flows resulting from underwater explosion (UNDEX). Due to the presence of explosive gas and water with shock waves in the modeling domain, classic Eulerian methods with inherent diffusion may not be effective. Numerical diffusion occurs due to nonphysical diffused density at material interfaces, which creates spurious pressure oscillations and significantly degrades the quality of the numerical results. To eliminate or minimize numerical diffusion, sharp in

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Grządziela, Andrzej, and Marcin Kluczyk. "Shock Absorbers Damping Characteristics by Lightweight Drop Hammer Test for Naval Machines." Materials 14, no. 4 (February 6, 2021): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14040772.

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The technical requirements for naval ships machine foundations are far more strict in comparison to merchant’s vessels. These requirements are confirmed in the military standardization of many countries. Underwater Explosion (UNDEX phenomena) detonation pulses, force naval engineers to design and implement different shock absorbers made from a wide variety of materials. This study presents the tests results of typical shock absorber designs made of various types of rubber and elastomers. The initial objective of the study was to determine the energy absorption of shock impacts, the choice of m

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Xu, Liang, and Tiegang Liu. "Modified Ghost Fluid Method as Applied to Fluid-Plate Interaction." Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 6, no. 01 (February 2014): 24–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/aamm.2012.m50.

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AbstractThe modified ghost fluid method (MGFM) provides a robust and efficient interface treatment for various multi-medium flow simulations and some particular fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulations. However, this methodology for one specific class of FSI problems, where the structure is plate, remains to be developed. This work is devoted to extending the MGFM to treat compressible fluid coupled with a thin elastic plate. In order to take into account the influence of simultaneous interaction at the interface, a fluid-plate coupling system is constructed at each time step and solved a

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Li, L.-J., W.-K. Jiang, and Y.-H. Ai. "Experimental Study on Deformation and Shock Damage of Cylindrical Shell Structures Subjected to Underwater Explosion." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 224, no. 11 (April 12, 2010): 2505–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes2092.

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The security evaluation of some structures shocked by an underwater explosion (UNDEX) frequently plays a key role in some cases, and it is necessary to accurately predict the damage condition of the structure in an UNDEX environment. This study investigates the dynamic linear and non-linear responses and shock damages of two kinds of submerged cylindrical shell models exposed to underwater spherical trinitrotoluene (TNT) charge explosions in a circular lake. Two endplates and a middle plate are mounted on the cylindrical shells to provide support and to create two enclosed spaces. The two kind

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Lee, Sang-Gab, Jeong-Il Hwon, and Jung-Hoon Chung. "Integrated Structural Dynamic Response Analysis considering the UNDEX Shock Wave and Gas Bubble Pulse." Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea 44, no. 2 (April 20, 2007): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3744/snak.2007.44.2.148.

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Elsayed, Fathallah, Hui Qi, Li Li Tong, and Mahmoud Helal. "Optimal Configuration for Stiffened Plates under the Effect of Underwater Explosion." Materials Science Forum 813 (March 2015): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.813.161.

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The dynamic response of a floating structure subjected to underwater explosion is greatly complicated by the explosion of a high explosive, propagation of shock wave, complex fluid–structure interaction phenomena, and the dynamic behavior of the floating structures. A numerical investigation has been carried out to examine the behavior of stiffened steel plates subjected to shock loads resulting from an Underwater Explosion (UNDEX). The aim of this work is to obtain the optimal configuration to resist underwater shock loading. A non-linear dynamic numerical analysis of the underwater explosion

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LI Haifang, 李海防, 卫伟 WEI Wei, 陈瑾 CHEN Jin, 李旭春 LI Xuchun, and 张佰林 ZHANG Bailin. "Research on soil erosion based on Location-weighted landscape undex(LWLI) in Guanchuanhe River basin, Dingxi, Gansu Province." Acta Ecologica Sinica 33, no. 14 (2013): 4460–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5846/stxb201212191821.

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35

WANG, Yu, and ZhenHua ZHANG. "“Blade effect” on the overall damage of hull girder caused by near field undex shock wave." SCIENTIA SINICA Physica, Mechanica & Astronomica 45, no. 5 (April 1, 2015): 054701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/sspma2014-00462.

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Shin, Y. S., M. Lee, K. Y. Lam, and K. S. Yeo. "Modeling Mitigation Effects of Watershield on Shock Waves." Shock and Vibration 5, no. 4 (1998): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/782032.

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The object of this analysis is to investigate mitigation effects of watershield on air blast waves. To examine the water mitigation concept, features of the free-field detonation process are studied from a series of one-dimensional simulations using a multimaterial Eulerian finite element technique. Five different shock Hugoniots for water are compared, and the most accurate data are suggested. To verify the numerical procedure, results are compared with available experimental data for UNDEX problem and analytical predictions for air shocks. For the case of contact watershield, the magnitude o

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Chen, Yingyu, Xiongliang Yao, and Xiongwei Cui. "A Numerical and Experimental Study of Wall Pressure Caused by an Underwater Explosion Bubble." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (August 23, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6139510.

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The bubble dynamics behaviors and the pressure in the wall center are investigated through experimental method and numerical study. In the experiment, the dynamics of an underwater explosion (UNDEX) bubble beneath a rigid wall are captured by high-speed camera and the wall pressure in the wall center is measured by pressure transducer. To reveal the process and mechanism of the pressure on a rigid wall during the first bubble collapse, numerical studies based on boundary element method (BIM) are applied. Numerical results with two different stand-off parameters (γ=0.38 and γ=0.90) show excelle

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Xiao, Feng, Yong Chen, Yu Wang, Hongxing Hua, and Dawei Zhu. "Experimental Research on the Dynamic Response of Floating Structures with Coatings Subjected to Underwater Explosion." Shock and Vibration 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/705256.

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This paper presents an experimental investigation into the dynamic response of three free floating stiffened metal boxes with protective coatings subjected to underwater explosion (UNDEX). One box was kept intact while the other two were, respectively, covered with monolithic coatings and chiral honeycomb coatings. Three groups of live fire tests with different attack angles and stand-off distances were conducted. The acceleration on the stiffener and strain peak on the bottom hull were selected as the major comparative criterions. Test results show that the impulse transmitted to the structur

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Saffari, Mohsen, Mohammad Kazem Emami Meybodi, Ghader Ghanizadeh, and Harold G. Koenig. "DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH STATUS AMONG PATIENTS WITH KNEE OR HIP OSTEOARTHRITIS: THE ROLE OF DEMOGRAPHIC, CLINICAL AND HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE VARIABLES." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 17, no. 01 (March 2014): 1450004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957714500043.

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic disease especially among older adults and has a considerable negative impact on health status (HS). This study investigated associations between demographic, clinical and health related quality of life (HRQOL) factors and the HS of patients with knee or hip OA. We surveyed a convenience sample of 356 patients from two general hospitals in Tehran, Iran. The short form health survey (SF-12), EuroQol (EQ-5D) and a demographic questionnaire were administered. Clinical variables such as body mass undex (BMI), duration of disease and radiographic evidence of t

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Delaney, Danielle. "Under Coyote’s Mask: Environmental Law, Indigenous Identity, and #NoDAPL." Michigan Journal of Race & Law, no. 24.2 (2019): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.36643/mjrl.24.2.under.

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This Article studies the relationship between the three main lawsuits filed by the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe, the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe, and the Yankton Sioux Tribe against the Dakota Access Pipeline (DaPL) and the mass protests launched from the Sacred Stone and Oceti Sakowin protest camps. The use of environmental law as the primary legal mechanism to challenge the construction of the pipeline distorted the indigenous demand for justice as U.S. federal law is incapable of seeing the full depth of the indigenous worldview supporting their challenge. Indigenous activists constantly re-cen

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Lizcová, Zuzana. "Unter Druck." osteuropa 71, no. 4-6 (2021): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.35998/oe-2021-0031.

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Homanyuk, Mykola. "Unter Besatzung." osteuropa 73, no. 1-2 (2023): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.35998/oe-2023-008.

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Ščerbakova, Irina. "Memorial unter Druck." osteuropa 70, no. 3-4 (2020): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.35998/oe-2020-0026.

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Phukan, Jatin. "Inequality in Under-Nutrition among Under-Five Children in Lakhimpur District of Assam." Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences 10, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8895.

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Children of today are citizens of tomorrow, hence improving nutritional status among children becomes extremely important for all the nations. The raw data collected from the Lakhimpur district reveals that the burden of overall nutritional deficiency among children is still too high; on average, two in every five (37%) children had at least one kind of nutritional deficiency. However, the nutritional status of female children has improved over time compared to the male children, but the overall decline is not satisfactory. We have observed a higher inequality of nutritional deficiency among c

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Mishra, Alka, and S. L. Swamy S.L. Swamy. "Productivity of Wheat Under Five Promising Populus Deltoides Clones Under an Agrisilviculture Sysytem." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 3 (June 1, 2012): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/march2014/135.

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Gómez-Rodríguez, Víctor-Gustavo, and Roberto Tolozano-Benites. "LA AUTONOMÍA UNIVERSITARIA A DEBATE." Identidad Bolivariana 6, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.37611/ib6ol11-6.

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Academic freedom and institutional autonomy, from all its edges, are not a privilege. Responsible university autonomy is a condition for the development of each institution of higher education and of the country itself. Today there is a debate about what should be the University of the 21st century in Ecuador and what role or roles should be adopted, depending on the autonomy, to each of the actors of the Higher Education System (SES).

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Gallardo, Luis H. "Ryser's conjecture under linear constraints." Algebra and Discrete Mathematics 33, no. 1 (2022): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/adm1791.

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Amin, Tariq, and Prof MC Dubey. "Development of Srinagar under Ashoka." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-2 (February 28, 2019): 472–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd21388.

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Dey, Rajiv. "Farmer Distress Under Market Reforms." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 9 (June 1, 2012): 88–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/sep2013/31.

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Schmidt, Christoph. "Ikonen aus vierfacher Sicht." Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas 56, no. 4 (2008): 571–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25162/jgo-2008-0005.

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