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Journal articles on the topic 'Undiversified'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 20 July 2025

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1

Hall, Brian J., and Kevin J. Murphy. "Stock options for undiversified executives." Journal of Accounting and Economics 33, no. 1 (2002): 3–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-4101(01)00050-7.

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2

Campbell, John Y., Tarun Ramadorai, and Benjamin Ranish. "Do the Rich Get Richer in the Stock Market? Evidence from India." American Economic Review: Insights 1, no. 2 (2019): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20180158.

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We use data on Indian stock portfolios to show that return heterogeneity is the primary contributor to increasing inequality of wealth held in risky assets by Indian individual investors. Return heterogeneity increases equity wealth inequality through two main channels, both of which are related to the prevalence of undiversified accounts that own relatively few stocks. First, some undiversified portfolios randomly do well, while others randomly do poorly. Second, larger accounts diversify more effectively and thereby earn higher average log returns even though their average simple returns are

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Cadman, Brian. "Divestitures of Equity by Executives and Future Equity Granting Patterns." Journal of Management Accounting Research 25, no. 1 (2013): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jmar-50477.

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ABSTRACT This paper empirically investigates the influence of executive wealth diversification on equity granting patterns. Risk-averse, undiversified executives who hold much wealth in the firm discount the value of their equity holdings. This study investigates how firms respond to changes in CEO wealth diversification that follow equity divestitures. The results suggest that firms provide greater equity incentives following increases in executive wealth diversification. In addition, the proportion of annual compensation in the form of equity increases with CEO wealth diversification. Overal

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JAREMSKI, MATTHEW. "Free Bank Failures: Risky Bonds versus Undiversified Portfolios." Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 42, no. 8 (2010): 1565–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4616.2010.00354.x.

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5

Crane, M. A., M. Kingzette, and K. L. Knight. "Evidence for limited B-lymphopoiesis in adult rabbits." Journal of Experimental Medicine 183, no. 5 (1996): 2119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.183.5.2119.

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Rabbits are born with a limited VDJ gene repertoire formed primarily by rearrangement of one VH gene, VH1. The VDJ genes are undiversified at birth but become diversified by approximately 2 mo of age. To investigate more closely the time during which this diversity occurs, we determined the nucleotide sequences of VDJ genes from peripheral blood leukocytes taken from young rabbits at various time points, and we examined the extent of the diversification of the VDJ genes. At 4 wk of age there were, on average, 3 nucleotide changes per VH region, with approximately 75% of the genes showing some

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T., Prof Saadi,, and Prof Zaoudi, A. "Exploring the link between diversification strategy and economic performance in the Moroccan real estate sector: A Data Envelopment Analysis approach." GATR Journal of Business and Economics Review (GATR-JBER) VOL. 8 (1) APRIL - JUNE 2023 8, no. 1 (2023): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/jber.2023.8.1(2).

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Objective – This study examines the relationship between diversification strategy and company economic performance in the Moroccan real estate sector. The research focuses on measuring the impact of diversification on technical and Scale efficiency using the Data Envelopment Analysis (D.E.A.) method. The objective is to provide empirical evidence regarding the performance differences between diversified and undiversified companies in the Moroccan real estate industry context. Methodology –Data was collected on sales, inventory, and personnel expenses to construct the input-output ratio from a

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Em, Olga, Georgi Georgiev, Sergey Radukanov, and Mariana Petrova. "Assessing the Market Risk on the Government Debt of Kazakhstan and Bulgaria in Conditions of Turbulence." Risks 10, no. 5 (2022): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks10050093.

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The purpose of this publication is to quantify and compare the market risk on the external government debt of Kazakhstan and Bulgaria in the conditions of COVID-19, the emerging energy crisis, and the coup attempt in the first country. In particular, the authors invest the market risk of sovereign bonds issued on global financial markets. Market risk is assessed both as a single issue and at a portfolio level using the Value-at-risk approach. Sixteen samples with historical observations of all issues of Kazakhstan’s and Bulgarian Sovereign Bonds issued on the international financial markets we

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Frensidy, Budi. "The Performance Of Undiversified Portfolio In Indonesia Stock Exchange." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 32, no. 4 (2016): 1041–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v32i4.9720.

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This research is aimed to analyze the diversification practice among domestic retail investors at the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and its portfolio performance. An individual domestic investor at IDX holds 4.3 stocks on average with the median two stocks. This is far from the minimum number of stocks required for the diversification purpose. But, this finding is in line with the findings of Goetzmann & Kumar (2008), Kelly (1995), and Polkovnichenko (2005). For the performance, without considering risk, minimum diversification with five stocks or fewer and moderate diversification with s

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9

Kanniainen, Juho. "Risk incentives of executive stock options for undiversified managers." Review of Managerial Science 4, no. 1 (2009): 7–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11846-009-0033-6.

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10

Fu, Richard, and Ajay Subramanian. "Leverage and debt maturity choices by undiversified owner-managers." Journal of Corporate Finance 17, no. 4 (2011): 888–913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2011.04.001.

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11

Kim, Chansog, Christos Pantzalis, and Jung Chul Park. "Do Family Owners Use Firm Hedging Policy to Hedge Personal Undiversified Wealth Risk?" Financial Management 43, no. 2 (2013): 415–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fima.12021.

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Hickman, Kent A., Clarence Barnes, and John Byrd. "A Note on Estimating the Cost of Capital for the Undiversified Business Owner." Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance 4, no. 2 (1995): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.57229/2373-1761.1175.

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13

Sim, Gek-Kee, та Andrei Augustin. "Dominantly inherited expression of BID, an invariant undiversified T cell receptor δ chain". Cell 61, № 3 (1990): 397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(90)90522-g.

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14

Zeeshan, Geetilaxmi Mohapatra, and Arun Kumar Giri. "The Effects of Non-Farm Enterprises on Farm Households’ Income and Consumption Expenditure in Rural India." Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales 19, no. 1 (2019): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.7201/earn.2019.01.10.

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Nationally representative data of farm households from India Human Development Surveys (IHDS) conducted in 2004-05 and 2011-12 are explored. This article analyzes the effects of income diversification in non-farm enterprises on farm households’ income and consumption expenditure in rural India. Panel probit models were built to examine the determinants of income diversification while propensity score matching was used to account selection bias resulting from unobserved factors and controls for structural differences between diversified and undiversified farm households. The results suggest tha

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15

Hall, Brian J., and Kevin J. Murphy. "The Trouble with Stock Options." Journal of Economic Perspectives 17, no. 3 (2003): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/089533003769204353.

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The benefits of stock options are often not large enough to offset the inefficiency implied by the large divergence between the cost of options to companies and the value of options to risk-averse, undiversified executives and employees. Moreover, the benefits of options can often be achieved more effectively and economically through other means. Why are options so prevalent? Several explanations include changes in corporate governance, reporting requirements, taxes, the bull market and managerial rent-seeking. We offer an alternative hypothesis: boards and managers incorrectly perceive stock

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Backus, Matthew, Christopher Conlon, and Michael Sinkinson. "Common Ownership in America: 1980–2017." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 13, no. 3 (2021): 273–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.20190389.

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We empirically assess the implications of the common ownership hypothesis from a historical perspective using the set of S&P 500 firms from 1980 to 2017. We show that the dramatic rise in common ownership in the time series is driven primarily by the rise of indexing and diversification and, in the cross section, by investor concentration, which the theory presumes to drive a wedge between cash flow rights and control. We also show that the theory predicts incentives for expropriation of undiversified shareholders via tunneling, even in the Berle and Means (1932) world of the widely held f

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JAREMSKI, MATTHEW. "Bank-Specific Default Risk in the Pricing of Bank Note Discounts." Journal of Economic History 71, no. 4 (2011): 950–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050711002208.

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Bank notes were the largest component of the antebellum money supply despite losses as high as 5 percent in some years. Using a comprehensive bank-level panel of note discounts in New York City and Philadelphia, I explain this contradiction by showing that the secondary market reduced losses by accurately discounting notes based on their individual risk of default. Note discounts were almost exclusively sensitive to those factors which increased a bank's probability of default: specie suspensions, falling bond prices, and undiversified portfolios. Thus, by accounting for a bank's composition a

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Deguili, Francesca. "Undocumented College Students in the United States: A category in need of further analysis." MIGRATION LETTERS 8, no. 1 (2014): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v8i1.149.

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This paper concerns itself with a subset of undocumented immigrants, that of undocumented students in the United States. While many sociologists have engaged with undocumented immigration in general, not much attention has been paid to this growing group and when it has been done these students were treated as a unified and undiversified category. In this letter, instead, I intend to outline some of the ways in which the label of undocumented student and its consequences may vary greatly depending on a number of different elements, among them: the different legal status of various family membe

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19

Lin, Xia, Peng Wang, Xihe Yue, et al. "Resource and environmental situation and countermeasures for high-quality development of Sanmen Bay, China." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1171, no. 1 (2023): 012068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1171/1/012068.

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Abstract Sanmen Bay is one of the six major bays in Zhejiang Province, China. Its economic development over the past few decades has been rapid, and the intensity of ocean development has also been increasing. This paper analyzes the main resource and environmental problems in Sanmen Bay, including severe coastline development, significantly increased utilization of its intertidal zones, the threat to island resources from development, undiversified sea area use, and non-confirmation of ownership rights on a large scale. It then proposes countermeasures for high-quality development, including

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Stošić-Panić, Danijela, and Dina Živković. "Servitization strategy and financial performance of manufacturing companies in the Republic of Serbia: A preliminary study." Economics of Sustainable Development 9, no. 1 (2025): 39–50. https://doi.org/10.5937/esd2501039s.

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Intending to identify the relation between Serbian manufacturing companies' performance and the servitization strategy, the paper presents research that was carried out on a sample of 10 medium and large companies. The results suggest that there is a positive correlation between the level of servitization and the financial performance of manufacturing companies, as well as between the company's experience in implementing this strategy and its profits. Although the direction of the correlation corresponds to the hypothesized one, the results are not statistically significant. A small and geogra

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Ampaw, Samuel, Edward Nketiah-Amponsah, and Bernardin Senadza. "Urban Farm-Nonfarm Diversification, Household Income and Food Expenditure in Ghana." Studies in Business and Economics 12, no. 2 (2017): 6–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sbe-2017-0017.

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Abstract This paper investigates the impact of farm-nonfarm diversification (FND) on household income and food expenditure in urban Ghana using propensity score matching (PSM) technique to account for potential selection bias. We find diversified households to be statistically different from undiversified households in terms of household characteristics. Age, gender, educational attainment of the household head, household size, ownership of livestock and agricultural land, and receipt of miscellaneous and rent incomes are positive and significant determinants of FND in urban Ghana. In addition

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22

Altiparmakov, Nikola, and Gordana Matković. "The development of private pensions in Serbia: caught between a generic blueprint and an unconducive local environment." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 24, no. 1 (2018): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024258917746033.

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Serbia is one of the rare eastern European countries that decisively dismissed the controversial pension privatisation agenda whereby mandatory private pension funds would be introduced to (partially) replace existing public pay-as-you-go (PAYG) benefits. Instead, Serbia opted for a more traditional western European approach, combining PAYG cost-containment parametric reforms with the introduction of tax-preferred supplementary private pensions. We explain that the desire for equitable intergenerational burden-sharing was one of the key factors behind the decision-making process that made Serb

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23

Thapa, Bharat. "INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO WETLAND CONSERVATION IN NEPAL: A DETAIL REVIEW." Environment & Ecosystem Science 8, no. 1 (2024): 22–25. https://doi.org/10.26480/ees.01.2024.22.25.

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The Nepal Environment Policy and Action Plan (1993) (NEPAP) prioritized the conservation and management of wetlands as one of the most important areas in Nepal. The Nepalese wetlands are referred to as “the kidney of the landscapes.” Wetlands are important for ecosystem services, human existence, economic prosperity, and the earth’s life support system. However, conservation efforts are hampered by the local community’s reliance on wetland resources, poor management participation, and week, undiversified, and unstable livelihoods centered on the direct exploitation of natural resources. This p

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24

Joseph, Juliet Eileen. "Unequal, undiversified and underrepresented: women on the backburner in local decision making in South Africa’s local government." ScienceRise, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002533.

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The object of research: Firstly, the study highlights that women are still underrepresented in local government at the district level in leadership positions remaining on the backburner as decision makers. Secondly, the study examines the notion of patriarchy and male dominance that results in the marginalization and exclusion of women in municipal decision making. The study contributes to the current body of knowledge through identifying the challenges that prevent the equal representation of women as decision makers in local government. Investigated problem: South Africa has been consi

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Joseph, Juliet Eileen. "Unequal, undiversified and underrepresented: women on the backburner in local decision making in South Africa's local government." ScienceRise, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 24–37. https://doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2022.002533.

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The object of research: Firstly, the study highlights that women are still underrepresented in local government at the district level in leadership positions remaining on the backburner as decision makers. Secondly, the study examines the notion of patriarchy and male dominance that results in the marginalization and exclusion of women in municipal decision making. The study contributes to the current body of knowledge through identifying the challenges that prevent the equal representation of women as decision makers in local government. Investigated problem: South Africa has been consistentl

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Sawaliya, Priya, and Sandeep Vodwal. "Security Returns and Idiosyncratic Volatility in the Indian Stock Market." International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences 10, no. 4 (2025): 1000–1012. https://doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2025.10.4.048.

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The study explores the possibility of rewards for holding undiversified portfolios by investors and examines the impacts of idiosyncratic volatility on expected cross-sectional returns for the Indian stock market. For the analysis, the study utilized the constituent companies of the BSE S&P 500 index as a sample for the period starting from July 2014 to June 2019. The study employed Fama and MacBeth’s (1973) two-step cross-sectional regression to assess the impact of the idiosyncratic volatility. The findings reveal a significant negative association between idiosyncratic volatility and re

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Attaher, S. M., M. A. Medany, and A. F. Abou-Hadid. "Possible adaptation measures of agriculture sector in the Nile Delta to climate change impacts." Advances in Science and Research 3, no. 1 (2009): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/asr-3-123-2009.

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Abstract. The overall agricultural system in the Nile Delta region is considered as one of the highest intensive and complicated agriculture systems in the world. According to the recent studies, the Nile Delta region is one of the highly vulnerable regions in the world to climate change. Sea level rise, soil and water degradation, undiversified crop-pattern, yield reduction, pests and disease severity, and irrigation and drainage management were the main key factors that increased vulnerability of the agriculture sector in that region. The main objective of this study is to conduct a communit

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Wang, Huimin, and Wei Zhang. "Requirement Analysis of Student Individual Learning Based on the Idea of Lifelong Learning." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 17, no. 16 (2022): 92–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v17i16.33759.

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We are currently experiencing a knowledge-chasing society in which acquiring new knowledge and solving new problems are necessary and required skills for people to survive in human society in the future. Therefore, in such a circumstance, it is of certain research value to analyze the requirement satisfaction of Student Individual Learning (SIL) based on the idea of lifelong learning and discover problems in the process of SIL. However, existing studies generally have a few shortcomings such as the too narrow scope of study groups and the undiversified research objects. To this end, this paper

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Chenhui, Guo, Yi Chen, Tian Saiqi, and Cai Lili. "How do teachers assess primary school students’ science academic performance: An in-depth interview with 23 primary school science teachers." Greener Journal of Education Research 14, no. 1 (2024): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15580/gjer.2024.1.071824096.

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The purpose of this paper is to explore the current situation and challenges of assessing science learning achievement in primary school. We interviewed 23 primary school science teachers from 17 schools in an East metropolitan area of 10 million people in China. Drawing from a grounded theory study, our findings revealed a generally favorable disposition among primary school science teachers toward the assessment on scientific academic performance. But the current primary school science assessment is still lacking in standardization. Considering assessment methods, paper-based test method is

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30

Ryu, Kang Min, Soo Hoon Park, and Chang Moo Lee. "Office Price Index for Derivative Using S&P/Case-Shiller Estimator." Journal of Derivatives and Quantitative Studies 19, no. 4 (2011): 363–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jdqs-04-2011-b0002.

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People are starting to doubt business recovery in office market after global financial crisis in 2008. And most institutional and individual portfolios are undiversified in real estate : incurring enormous transaction costs than other financial products. Especially office market has more risks than other real estate market for high transaction costs and many related industries. Although this stuff can lead to increase the risk of investment in office market, nor are there markets that would allow individuals and institutions to hedge their risks. The establishment of office price index future

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PINTO, Camila dos Santos, Mygre Lopes da SILVA, and Rodrigo Abbade da SILVA. "SPECIALIZATION STANDARD OF URUGUAY EXPORTS." Boletim de Conjuntura (BOCA) 14, no. 40 (2023): 429–46. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7869436.

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This research aims to analyze the pattern of specialization of Uruguay's exports in the period 2005 to 2018. Specifically, it intends to analyze the pattern of specialization of Uruguayan exports, the composition of the export basket and the main trading partners. To this end, three competitiveness indicators were used: Import Coverage Ratio, Intraindustry Trade Index and Concentration Index of Exports. Data were collected from the United Nations International Trade Statistics Database (UN Comtrade). Based on the indicators analyzed, it is suggested that the Uruguayan international trade p

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Ogbeide EROMOSELE, Harrison. "Foreign Direct Investment and Agricultural Exports in Nigeria." AKSU Journal of Management Sciences 10, no. 1 (2025): 217–29. https://doi.org/10.61090/aksujomas.10114.

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The problem of undiversified and unstable export sector in Nigeria has been persistent over the years. In this study, the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on agricultural export – a major source of comparative advantage for Nigeria’s export sector – is examined. It is argued that the technical and institutional advantage of FDI inflow should lead to improvement in agricultural export capacity in Nigeria. Using data for the 1981 t0 2022 period and a dynamic framework (based on the autoregressive distributed lag technique), the study finds that FDI inflows has a significant positive imp

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Mujeri, Mustafa K., and Mohammad Alauddin. "Trade and Linkages Using Input-Output Approach: An Empirical Investigation of Bangladesh." Pakistan Development Review 33, no. 1 (1994): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v33i1pp.75-92.

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Employing a variant of the open-static Leontief model and a 53-sector input-output table, the paper identifies a variant of the key sectors in the Bangladesh economy in terms of trade linkages. The concepts of gross and net linkages are introduced and the analysis is extended to both current (flow) and capital (stock) accounts. On the gross linkage criterion, only a handfnl of sectors emerge as key sectors with three or more linkages. These sectors are from within the manufacturing and services categories. This is also the case with sectors having two strong linkages. Agricultural sectors do n

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Truyền, Nguyễn Ngọc, Trần Cao Úy та Nguyễn Viết Tuân. "ĐA DẠNG SINH KẾ VỚI KHẢ NĂNG PHỤC HỒI SAU SỰ CỐ Ô NHIỄM MÔI TRƯỜNG BIỂN FORMOSA 2016 ĐỐI VỚI NGƯ DÂN KHAI THÁC THỦY SẢN GẦN BỜ TỈNH THỪA THIÊN HUẾ". Tạp chí Khoa học và công nghệ nông nghiệp, Trường Đại học Nông Lâm Huế 4, № 3 (2020): 2075–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.46826/huaf-jasat.v4n3y2020.508.

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Nghiên cứu này xem xét vai trò của đa dạng sinh kế đến “năng lực chống chịu” của hộ khai thác thủy sản biển ven bờ bị ảnh hưởng bởi sự cố môi trường biển Formosa năm 2016. Năng lực chống chịu của hộ được thể hiện thông qua mức độ tác động của sự cố và sự phục hồi sau sự cố. Các hộ được chọn nghiên cứu là hộ khai thác thủy sản biển gần bờ tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế gồm nhóm chuyên khai thác thủy sản (KTTS) không đa dạng và nhóm KTTS đa dạng sinh kế. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, thời gian ảnh hưởng của sự cố đến nhóm hộ chuyên KTTS dài hơn nhóm hộ KTTS đa dạng sinh kế. Mặc dù giá trị thiệt hại về thu n

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Zhang, Xiaohui. "Innovation of Art Design Education in the New Era." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 16, no. 15 (2021): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v16i15.24889.

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Art design is a major driver of the development of culture and art, modern science and technology, and social economy. As a result, art design education has been greatly valued and attached great importance. However, art design education in China falls behind the development of social economy and art design. To solve the problem, this paper attempts to innovate art design education in China in the new era. Firstly, the authors investigated the current situation of art design education in China, and discovered a few problems: the chaotic teaching mode, the unreasonable curriculum setting, the m

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Senadza, Bernardin, Edward Nketiah-Amponsah, and Samuel Ampaw. "Nonfarm diversification and the well-being of rural farm households in developing countries: Evidence from Ghana using new dataset." Review of Economics 69, no. 3 (2018): 207–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/roe-2018-0002.

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Abstract This paper examines the impact of participation in both farm and nonfarm activities on both household consumption expenditure per adult equivalent and household per capita income, in rural Ghana. The objective is to ascertain whether the results are sensitive to the choice of well-being measure. We use a nationally representative dataset on 8,059 rural farm households collected in 2012/13. In order to account for potential selectivity and endogeneity biases, which previous studies failed to correct for, we adopt the endogenous switching regression (ESR) estimation technique. We find d

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Bobrovskiy, R. O. "The Role of Withdrawing Foreign Companies in the Economy of Russian Regions." Federalism 28, no. 2 (2023): 197–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2023-2-197-219.

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The article analyzes the role of foreign companies that announced their withdrawal from Russia after 2022 in the economy of the country as a whole, its industries and regions. The role of withdrawing foreign companies in industry is examined in more detail. The existing list of withdrawing foreign companies forms the basis of the analysis.Russian legal entities related with these foreign companies were selected. The financial indicators of these legal entities has been aggregated and compared with official statistics. The highest role of withdrawing foreign companies among sectors of the econo

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Dufour, Claude, Valérie Fournier, and Pierre Giovenazzo. "Diversity and nutritional value of pollen harvested by honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies during lowbush blueberry and cranberry (Ericaceae) pollination." Canadian Entomologist 152, no. 5 (2020): 622–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2020.29.

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AbstractThe growth of the commercial pollination industry raises important concerns regarding honey bee (Apis mellifera Linnaeus; Hymenoptera: Apidae) health and development. While providing such services, honey bees are often exposed to undiversified pollen sources that may contribute to nutritional deficiencies, notably in protein and amino acids. To understand how honey bees are affected during provision of pollination services, we compared honey bee colonies that pollinated lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton; Ericaceae) and/or cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton; Ericaceae

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Etea, Bekele Gebisa, Deyi Zhou, Kidane Assefa Abebe, and Dessalegn Anshiso Sedebo. "Household Income Diversification and Food Security: Evidence from Rural and Semi-Urban Areas in Ethiopia." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (2019): 3232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123232.

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Reducing food insecurity remains a major public policy challenge in developing countries. Food insecurity becomes severe in areas where households highly depend on undiversified livelihoods. However, studies linking household income diversification to food security are limited. This study, therefore, examined the effect of income diversification on food security in the Ambo district, Ethiopia. A survey of rural (n = 175) and semi-urban (n = 175) households was conducted. The Simpson’s index of diversity (SID) was used to measure the level of household income diversity. Food security (access) w

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Dal Porto, Joseph M., Ann M. Haberman, Mark J. Shlomchik, and Garnett Kelsoe. "Antigen Drives Very Low Affinity B Cells to Become Plasmacytes and Enter Germinal Centers." Journal of Immunology 161, no. 10 (1998): 5373–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.161.10.5373.

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Abstract In the first week of the primary immune response to the (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) hapten, plasmacytic foci and germinal centers (GCs) in C57BL/6 mice are comprised of polyclonal populations of B lymphocytes bearing the λ1 L-chain (λ1+). The Ig H-chains of these early populations of B cells are encoded by a variety of VH and D exons undiversified by hypermutation while later, oligoclonal populations are dominated by mutated rearrangements of the VH186.2 and DFL16.1 gene segments. To assess directly Ab affinities within these defined splenic microenvironments, representative

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Neglo, Komikouma Apelike Wobuibe, Tnsue Gebrekidan, and Kaiyu Lyu. "The Role of Agriculture and Non-Farm Economy in Addressing Food Insecurity in Ethiopia: A Review." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (2021): 3874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073874.

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In Ethiopia, famine and extreme poverty are a result of insufficient food relief, poor macroeconomic factors, climate shocks, undiversified livelihoods based on low productivity in rain-fed agriculture, coupled with institutional incapacity. To serve as a context, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the conceptual framework of human development and capability paradigm to food security. In addition, it highlights evidence and a comparative analysis of the Asian green revolution experience, and places emphasis on sustainable and intersectoral growth through agricultural transformation

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Ujunwa, Augustine, Ifeoma Nwakoby, and Chinwe Okoyeuzu. "Adoption Of Macroprudential Policy In An Inflationary Economy: Implication For Developing Economies." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 8, no. 2 (2014): 1301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v8i2.682.

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Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to critique the suitability of macro prudential policy as a proactive and effective toolkit for mitigating financial system risk in developing economies.Design/methodology/approach: The author first discusses the causes of the 2007/2008 global financial crisis in developed and developing economies. The narration is to demonstrate that the causes, duration and amplitude of the crisis differ across jurisdictions, and any regulatory model that will be effective in mitigating future crises must take into cognizance the institutional peculiarities of those coun

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Sobik, Bartosz. "Energy security – the case of Polish National Power System facing energy transition’s challenges." Energy Policy Studies 10, no. 2 (2022): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.62316/umzd2421.

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Energy security plays a key role in energy and economic policy. The importance of energy security has been highlighted by the energy and geopolitical crisis. The aim of this article is to present the crucial threats and challenges facing Polish National Power System, as well as to provide solutions to ensure Poland's energy security over the next 10 years. Article verify the hypothesis that security of electricity supply in Poland may be endangered in the coming years due to, among others, investment gap, coal power plants phase-out and undiversified energy mix. Therefore, it is a necessity to

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Butler, John E., Caitlin D. Lemke, Patrick Weber, Marek Sinkora, and Kelly M. Lager. "Antibody Repertoire Development in Fetal and Neonatal Piglets: XIX. Undiversified B Cells with Hydrophobic HCDR3s Preferentially Proliferate in the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome." Journal of Immunology 178, no. 10 (2007): 6320–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.10.6320.

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Kou, Yixuan, Li Zhang, Dengmei Fan, et al. "Evolutionary history of a relict conifer, Pseudotaxus chienii (Taxaceae), in south-east China during the late Neogene: old lineage, young populations." Annals of Botany 125, no. 1 (2019): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcz153.

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Abstract Background and Aims Many monotypic gymnosperm lineages in south-east China paradoxically remain in relict status despite long evolutionary histories and ample opportunities for allopatric speciation, but this paradox has received little attention and has yet to be resolved. Here, we address this issue by investigating the evolutionary history of a relict conifer, Pseudotaxus chienii (Taxaceae). Methods DNA sequences from two chloroplast regions and 14 nuclear loci were obtained for 134 samples. The demographic history was inferred and the contribution of isolation by environment (IBE)

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Hoteit, Maha, Hala Mohsen, Nour Yazbeck, et al. "Household Food Insecurity, Anemia, Malnutrition and Unfavorable Dietary Diversity among Adolescents: Quadruple Whammies in the Era of Escalating Crises in Lebanon." Nutrients 14, no. 24 (2022): 5290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14245290.

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Adolescence is a transitional period between childhood and adulthood. Nowadays, adolescents in Lebanon are growing during a time of unprecedented health crises and political instability. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of malnutrition, dietary diversity in adolescents’ households, and adolescents’ self-reported food insecurity in Lebanon. A national representative sample of 450 parent–adolescent dyads (parents: mean age ± standard deviation (SD) = 46.0 ± 7.0, mothers: 59.0%; adolescents: mean age ± SD = 15.0 ± 3.0, girls: 54.6%) were interviewed. Anthropometric and

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Gobena, Daniel Alemu, and Anbesse Girma. "Paradox of Food and Nutrition Insecurity in Food Surplus Area of Haramaya District, Eastern Ethiopia." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, no. 10 (2019): 1538. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i10.1538-1540.2527.

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Food and nutrition insecurity are inability to access adequate amount of nutritious foods to meet dietary needs for a productive and healthy life. However, food and nutrition insecurity, in some part of Ethiopia, is very high though food is not scarce. Therefore, a survey was conducted to investigate food consumption and dietary habits of the population in the district. A questionnaire and focus group discussions were used for data collection. Data were collected on available food sources and habits of consumption in purposively selected four kebeles in the district. Data were specifically col

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Yazbeck, Nour, Rania Mansour, Hassan Salame, Nazih Bou Chahine, and Maha Hoteit. "The Ukraine–Russia War Is Deepening Food Insecurity, Unhealthy Dietary Patterns and the Lack of Dietary Diversity in Lebanon: Prevalence, Correlates and Findings from a National Cross-Sectional Study." Nutrients 14, no. 17 (2022): 3504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14173504.

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Background: Due to Russia and Ukraine’s key roles in supplying cereals and oilseeds, the Russia–Ukraine war intensifies the current food availability and price challenges in Lebanon, which is a major wheat importer. Given these constraints, we conducted this study to assess the prevalence and correlates of food insecurity, low dietary diversity (DD), unhealthy dietary patterns, and the shifts in households’ food-related habits in response to the Russia–Ukraine war among a representative sample of Lebanese household’s members aged 18 years and above (N = 914). Methods: Data were collected betwe

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Leijnse, J. N. A. L., S. Carter, A. Gupta, and S. McCabe. "Anatomic Basis for Individuated Surface EMG and Homogeneous Electrostimulation With Neuroprostheses of the Extensor Digitorum Communis." Journal of Neurophysiology 100, no. 1 (2008): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00706.2007.

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The extensor digitorum communis (ED) is generally regarded as a fairly undiversified muscle that gives extensor tendons to all fingers. Some fine wire electromyographic (EMG) investigations have been carried out to study individuation of the muscle parts to the different fingers. However, individuated surface EMG of the ED has not been investigated. This study analyses the anatomy of the ED muscle parts to the different fingers in detail and proposes optimal locations for surface or indwelling electrodes for individuated EMG and for electrostimulation with neuroprostheses. The dissections show

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Huang, Xuan, and Fei Kang. "Are family firms more optimistic than non-family firms?" Accounting Research Journal 32, no. 3 (2019): 399–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arj-07-2017-0111.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate how family ownership affects the disclosure tone of firm earnings press releases. Design/methodology/approach Following prior literature, this study defines family firms as those in which members of the founding families continue to hold positions in top management, to sit on the board or to be blockholders. The disclosure tone of earnings press releases is measured by the level of optimism in firms’ earnings announcements using Loughran and McDonald’s (2011) word classifications. Multivariate analysis is performed to examine the impact of fa

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