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Olszewska, Elżbieta, and Teresa Łaska-Mierzejewska. "Unemployment in the Polish countryside and its effect on the development and rate of maturation of rural girls." Anthropological Review 71, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10044-008-0008-2.
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Unemployment in the Polish countryside and its effect on the development and rate of maturation of rural girlsThe aim of this study is to assess the biological status of girls from landless rural families - daughters of working fathers, and those of unemployed fathers. The measures include age at menarche, body height and weight, and the body mass index (BMI). The study of rural girls was conducted in 2001; a total of 9599 girls aged 9-18 were examined. The material used in the present article only embraces girls from non-farming rural families (N = 4476). It was divided into daughters of working fathers (86.5%) and those of unemployed fathers (13.5%). Daughters of working fathers mature earlier than those of unemployed fathers. The difference in the age at menarche is 0.39 years and is statistically significant. The age at menarche of daughters of unemployed fathers approximates the menarchal age of daughters from farming families with many children (5 or more) in which both parents have elementary education. In groups similar in terms of the father's education and the number of children in the family, daughters of unemployed fathers display a later age at menarche and a lower body height and weight. These results support the statement that a father's lack of employment affects the biological status of his daughters.
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Castillo, Jason T., Greg W. Welch, and Christian M. Sarver. "Walking a High Beam." American Journal of Men's Health 6, no. 2 (August 23, 2011): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988311417612.
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Compared with resident fathers, nonresident fathers are more likely to be unemployed or underemployed and less likely, when they are employed, to have access to flexible work arrangements. Although lack of employment stability is associated with lower levels of father involvement, some research shows that increased stability at work without increased flexibility is negatively related to involvement. Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study ( N = 895), the authors examined the relationship between nonresident fathers’ employment stability, workplace flexibility, and father involvement. Results indicate that workplace flexibility, but not employment stability, is associated with higher levels of involvement. Policy and practice implications are discussed.
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Jones, Loring. "Unemployed fathers and their children: Implications for policy and practice." Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal 8, no. 2 (April 1991): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00757552.
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Weinman, Maxine L., Ruth S. Buzi, and Peggy B. Smith. "Addressing Risk Behaviors, Service Needs, and Mental Health Issues in Programs for Young Fathers." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 86, no. 2 (April 2005): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.2461.
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Young fathers (N = 143) ages 16-33 participated in an assessment of risk behaviors, service needs, and mental health issues upon entering a fatherhood program. Almost 70% were unemployed, 39% were school dropouts, 47% used alcohol, 40% had problems with the law, and 42% had been in jail. The most frequently reported mental health issues were problems related to relationships, neighborhood, family, tobacco use, police, and being a parent. Fathers also identified feeling states of anger, sadness/depression, nervousness/tension, helplessness, and aggression. Although risk behaviors and mental health issues were identified, fathers did not request services to address them; rather, their most frequently requested service needs were related to jobs and vocational training. The article suggests that an assessment of mental health issues that focuses on a strengths perspective might yield a better evaluation of both mental health issues and service needs. The article addresses ways that program planners could enhance realistic participation.
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Jimenez, Luis, and Valerie Walkerdine. "A psychosocial approach to shame, embarrassment and melancholia amongst unemployed young men and their fathers." Gender and Education 23, no. 2 (March 2011): 185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2010.490202.
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Pailhé, Ariane, and Anne Solaz. "Time with Children: Do Fathers and Mothers Replace Each Other When One Parent is Unemployed?" European Journal of Population / Revue européenne de Démographie 24, no. 2 (November 8, 2007): 211–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10680-007-9143-5.
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Ҫoni(Kacollja), Darina. "Poverty, Conflict due to the Young, with Parents." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 3, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v3i1.p140-142.
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The youth, between conflicts school, in their families and in the society. From the implemented study, it was resulted that one of the main reasons for their conflicts within the families is the economic situation. Poverty and unemployment are reasons which increase stress, anxiety in humans so they are more prone to conflicts. According to the study,it results that 14.2 percent of the girls and 16.5 percent of the boys approve that they conflict with their parents because they cannot meet their economic demands. From the survey data, about 42 percent of the students’ mothers are unemployed or retired and 18 percent of them are workers or farmers with minimal incomes and 20 percent of the students’ fathers are unemployed or retired, 18.1 percent of them are workers or farmers. Even the young people experience this poverty within their families, but their reaction is sometimes even conflictual.
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Khan, Md Shafiqul Islam, Md Hasan Al Banna, Sumaiya Akter, Milon Chakma, Shakila, Musammet Rasheda Begum, and Md Nazmul Hassan. "Diarrheal prevalence and risk factors among under five years children in remote coastal area of Bangladesh." Asian-Australasian Journal of Food Safety and Security 2, no. 2 (November 29, 2018): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/aajfss.v2i2.55913.
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Diarrhea causes major childhood morbidity and mortality globally. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of childhood diarrhea among under-five children in Southern coastal area of Bangladesh. A community-based cross-sectional study conducted from April to June 2018 among 202 randomly selected children. A structured questionnaire used to collect information on a three month diseases occurrence and other covariates. The association of diarrhea with socio economy, personal and food hygiene practices observed using multivariate logistic regression after adjusting for potential confounders. Prevalence of childhood diarrhea was 10.9%. In bivariate analysis, mother’s education, family income, father’s occupation, hand washing of child before feeding and refrigerator associated with outcomes. In multivariate analysis, father’s occupation, hand washing of child by soap before feeding and having refrigerator in households was associated with childhood diarrhea after controlling the socio-demographic factors (age and gender). Child of unemployed fathers were more likely to have diarrhea than employed father (AOR=0.206; 95% CI: 0.070-0.610).Child do not wash hand before feeding (AOR=0.393; 95% CI =0.102-0.511) and households not having refrigerator (AOR= 0.072; 95% CI: 0.007-0.745) had higher odds of diarrhea. The load of diarrhea in this setting was almost double to the national rate. Poor hand washing of child and refrigerator are major risk factor high burden of the disease. Health promotion strategies on proper food storage and child feeding practices are recommended for the prevention of childhood diarrhea.
Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2018, 2(2), 93-99
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Landivar, Liana Christin, Leah Ruppanner, William J. Scarborough, and Caitlyn Collins. "Early Signs Indicate That COVID-19 Is Exacerbating Gender Inequality in the Labor Force." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 6 (January 2020): 237802312094799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023120947997.
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In this data visualization, the authors examine how the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis in the United States has affected labor force participation, unemployment, and work hours across gender and parental status. Using data from the Current Population Survey, the authors compare estimates between February and April 2020 to examine the period of time before the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States to the height of the first wave, when stay-at-home orders were issued across the country. The findings illustrate that women, particularly mothers, have employment disproportionately affected by COVID-19. Mothers are more likely than fathers to exit the labor force and become unemployed. Among heterosexual married couples of which both partners work in telecommuting-capable occupations, mothers have scaled back their work hours to a far greater extent than fathers. These patterns suggest that the COVID-19 crisis is already worsening existing gender inequality, with long-term implications for women’s employment.
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Burke, Ronald J. "Economic Recession and Quality of Education: Experiences of 3336 Canadian Teachers." Psychological Reports 59, no. 3 (December 1986): 1231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1986.59.3.1231.
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A sample of 3336 teachers from across Canada described the current socioeconomic conditions of their students, schools, and local communities and indicated the frequencies with which they observed particular students' problems (personal, economic-related, discipline), and the adequacy of school facilities, programs, and resources. They also reported how these had changed over a 2-yr. period. Poorer economic conditions (more fathers unemployed, higher current unemployment rates) were significantly related to students' more frequent problems and less adequate facilities, resources, and programs. Deterioration (more frequent problems, less adequate facilities and programs) was consistently related to perceived impact of the economic recession.
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Christiani, Yoseveline, Robi Irawan, and Yunisa Astiarani. "Demographic and Household Characteristics Related to Childhood Obesity in Public Elementary Schools in Penjaringan." Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26553/jikm.2021.12.1.12-20.
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Indonesia is experiencing the rise of childhood obesity prevalence, and the majority profound in low socioeconomic areas, which may aggravate the harmful impacts on the children's growth and health. This study was conducted to find significant factors of childhood obesity in low socioeconomic areas. A cross-sectional study design was carried out at two public elementary schools in Penjaringan subdistrict, North Jakarta. All students in both schools participated in the study and were selected based on inclusion criteria. A total of 731 students (grades 1 to 6) were eligible. The nutritional status was assessed by trained staff by calculating the Body Mass Index (BMI) for age and classifying the outcome based on the WHO z-scores chart. Parents filled a demographic and socioeconomic questionnaire to collect children's birthdate, parents' educational level, employment status, income, and health insurance. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association. The prevalence of obesity among students was 13.41%. The regression showed that male and younger students were likely to be obese. The students whose mothers were in secondary level of education, have an unemployed father, or in the low-income family (p<0.05) were more likely to be obese. The study shows that male and younger students were associated with childhood obesity. Besides, educated mothers, unemployed fathers, and families with low income tend to have obese children. The school needs to have a specific program for male and younger age students to increase healthy habits. Nutrition assessment, recommendation, and parents' involvement in school-based health programs need to be enhanced.
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Jimenez, Luis. "Intergenerational traumatic transmission of aspects of masculinities through shame and embarrassment among unemployed young men and their fathers." International Forum of Psychoanalysis 23, no. 3 (May 31, 2013): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0803706x.2013.770169.
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Husain, Muhammad I., Imran B. Chaudhry, Ameer B. Khoso, Ming W. Wan, Tayyeba Kiran, Tinevimbo Shiri, Nasim Chaudhry, et al. "A Group Parenting Intervention for Depressed Fathers (LTP + Dads): A Feasibility Study from Pakistan." Children 8, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8010026.
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Background: Globally, paternal depression is a neglected and under-researched area. Aims: To feasibility test Learning Through Play Plus Dads (LTP+ Dads), a group parenting psychoeducation program adapted for depressed Pakistani fathers of children under 3 years of age. Methods: Fathers with depression were recruited in Karachi, Pakistan, for a pre-post feasibility study. Ten sessions of group LTP+ Dads were offered over three months. Clinical assessments were administered at baseline, three (end of intervention), and six (follow-up) months and included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Brief Disability Questionnaire, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Euro-Qol-5 Dimensions, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, Parenting Stress Index, and Knowledge, Attitude and Practices questionnaire. Results: Of the 78 fathers approached, 34 consented to screening and 18 were eligible to participate. Participants had a mean age of 33 years, with a mean of 3.61 children. Most were unemployed and were from low-income households with low education backgrounds. The intervention was feasible and acceptable based on a recruitment rate of 100% of eligible participants and a 100% attendance rate for five of the 10 sessions. Fathers showed, on average, a reduction in depressive symptoms, an increase in most areas of knowledge, and positive attitudes about child development. Perceived social support, self-esteem, and functioning scores also increased. Conclusions: A low-cost, culturally adapted group intervention was found to be feasible and acceptable. Changes in depression, parenting-related, and other outcomes are promising and inform a future larger trial. Trial Registration: The trial was registered on Clinicaltrials.gov on 9 December 2020 (identifier: NCT04660253).
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Mohammed, Shamsudeen, Roderick Emil Larsen-Reindorf, and Issahaku Awal. "Menstrual Hygiene Management and School Absenteeism among Adolescents in Ghana: Results from a School-Based Cross-Sectional Study in a Rural Community." International Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2020 (April 28, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6872491.
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The study aimed to deepen our understanding of the menstrual hygiene management (MHM) of adolescents and the influence of menstruation on school absenteeism. We employed a school-based cross-sectional design in five Junior High Schools combining both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. A questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from 250 schoolgirls, and key informant interviews were conducted with a teacher in each of the five schools. We performed logistic regression analysis to provide crude and adjusted effect estimates and 95% confidence intervals. About fifty percent of the girls were engaged in good MHM, and approximately forty percent of them reported menstrual-related school absenteeism. We did not find evidence (p=0.858) of association between MHM and menstrual-related school absenteeism. However, after controlling for the effect of other factors, we found evidence that the age of the schoolgirls, their father’s occupation, and the receipt of allowance for menstrual care products were associated with MHM. When compared to those aged 17 to 19, those aged 10 to 13 years had 0.72 (95% CI 0.21, 2.44) decreased odds of poor MHM while those aged 14 to 16 had almost 3-fold increased odds (95% CI 1.49, 4.55) of poor MHM. The adolescents whose fathers were farmers had 0.42 (95% CI 0.21, 0.82) decreased odds of poor MHM while those whose fathers were unemployed had 0.24 (95% CI 0.10, 0.61) decreased odds of poor MHM. We found that girls who did not receive regular allowance for menstrual care products had nearly 2-fold increased odds (95% CI 1.06, 3.09) of poor MHM compared to those who received allowance for menstrual care products. Menstrual pain (82.2%), fear of staining clothing (70.3%), fear of being teased (70.3%), nonavailability of sanitary pad (63.4%), and lack of private place to manage period at school (60.4%) were the common reasons cited for menstrual-related school absenteeism.
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Rukundo, Aloysius, David Santson Ayebare, Grace Kibanja, and Karl Steffens. "Family Factors Associated with Consumption of Spirits: A Comparative Gender-Based Study of Ugandan Students in Public Secondary Schools." Education Research International 2020 (January 11, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5432545.
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This study aims at investigating family factors associated with consumption of spirits across gender of students in public secondary schools in Uganda. A cross-sectional survey using self-administered questionnaires was used to collect data on consumption of sprits in the past 12 months prior to the study. Of the 1,591 students recruited, the overall prevalence of consumption of spirits was found to be 17.3% (n = 275) with higher consumption of spirits among males (20.3%). Results indicate that unemployed heads of families (aOR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.30–4.76, p<0.01), fairly religious (aOR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.08–6.49, p<0.05), and not religious families (aOR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.17–7.11, p<0.05) were factors associated with consumption of spirits. Early prevention of consumption of spirits could be focused on male students, fathers’ occupation, and family religiosity. In addition, school administrators and authorities could consider these factors during routine school inspections to guard discipline among students in Uganda.
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Pasamonik, Barbara. "Kultura i ekonomia w procesie integracji muzułmanów europejskich." Kultura i Społeczeństwo 54, no. 3 (August 20, 2010): 151–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/kis.2010.54.3.8.
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The clash between the West and Islam in Western Europe has a double character: religious and sexual. A new World Value Survey shows that we differ extremely in attitudes toward gender equality and sexual liberalization. The sexual clash of civilizations appears not only inside the societies receiving immigrants but also within the immigrant societies and through immigrants’ children. The West and Islam are not monolithic opposite sides of conflict — Europeans and Muslims express a wide spectrum of attitudes on moral issues. Europeans and Muslims want democracy, but the Muslims want sharia as a source of legislation too. The clash of cultures in Europe is provoked by economic recession. The clash of values between the second and the third immigrant generations, and between man and woman is especially pronounced in French Muslim suburbs. Unemployed fathers have lost their position to “older brothers”, who imposed the specific “macho-culture” oppressive to young women, which are perceived to be too liberal.
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Kumar, N. Pragathi, and Tagaram Ramchandra. "ICDS: is it reaching the all child beneficiaries?" International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 9 (August 27, 2019): 3679. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20193645.
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Background: The beneficiaries under the scheme are children in the age group of 0-6 years, pregnant women and lactating mothers, women in the age group of 15-44 years and adolescent girls in selected blocks. Irrespective of caste, religion, socioeconomic status all beneficiaries are eligible for availing of services under the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme. BPL is not a criterion for registration of beneficiaries under ICDS2. Present study is to recognize whether all categories of people are utilizing the services or not irrespective of economic status, religion etc.Methods: Descriptive observational study done for period of one year, sampling done by multi stage (random) method. Study conducted in ICDS centers in the field practicing area of Kakatiya medical college Warangal, Telangana, India. 622 children from 31 anganwadi centres of 0 to 6 year age were included.Results: Majority (71.7%) were belongs to ‘0 to 3’ years of age group, male (50%) and female (50%) were equally in distribution. majority (78.3%) were Hindus. Majority parents (father-84.9, mother 84.2) were literates and mothers were unemployed/housewives, fathers were skilled workers (28%) followed by farmers (22%). Majority were (35.4%) belonged to middle, followed by lower middle (30.2%) level of socio economic status.Conclusions: There were less number of 3 to 6 years age category population in the study, means that age group is not getting covered properly by ICDS. Two extremes (higher and lower categories) of education, occupation, socio economic status parents were not properly utilising the ICDS services for their children.
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Pervin, Naznin, Darryl Macer, and Shamima P. Lasker. "Levels and Determinants of Complementary Feeding Pattern Exclusive of Minimum Meal Frequency and Dietary Diversity among Children of 6 to 23 Months in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 9, no. 3 (September 5, 2020): 28–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v9i3.48924.
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Objective: To estimate the level of complementary feeding pattern (CFP) among children aged between 6 to 23 months and to identify the determinants in individual, household and community level in Bangladesh. Methods: From secondary data of Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey (BDHS) 2011 was used in this study. A total of 2,373 children aged between 6 to 23 months were selected. To estimate the level of CFP dimension index and the “score of the index” was used as dependent variables. Statistical analyses and tests were guided by the nature of the variables. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the significant determinants of CFP. Results: The overall level of CFP among children aged between 6 to 23 months was low. More than 95% of the children experienced inadequate (92.7%) CFP level. The mean levels of CFP as well as percentages of no or inadequate (94.1%) CFP were significantly lower among children of the youngest age group (06 months), uneducated parents, unemployed/laborer fathers, socio-economically poor families, food insecure families and rural areas. However, only few variables remained significant for adequate CFP in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. Adequate CFP was significantly lower among the children aged between 6 to 23 months (OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.10-0.47), children of illiterate fathers (OR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.11-0.95) and socio-economically middle-class families (OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.09-0.86) as compared to their reference categories. Conclusion: Inappropriate and inadequate CFP may cause serious health hazards among children of 6 to 23 months in Bangladesh. It is ethical to take effective interventions and strategies by the government and other concerned stakeholders to improve the overall situation of CFP in Bangladesh.
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Bowleg, Lisa, Jenné S. Massie, Sidney L. Holt, Cheriko A. Boone, Mary Mbaba, Wayne A. Stroman, Lianne Urada, and Anita Raj. "The Stroman Effect: Participants in MEN Count, an HIV/STI Reduction Intervention for Unemployed and Unstably Housed Black Heterosexual Men, Define Its Most Successful Elements." American Journal of Men's Health 14, no. 4 (July 2020): 155798832094335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988320943352.
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Interventionists often prioritize quantitative evaluation criteria such as design (e.g., randomized controlled trials), delivery fidelity, and outcome effects to assess the success of an intervention. Albeit important, criteria such as these obscure other key metrics of success such as the role of the interactions between participants and intervention deliverers, or contextual factors that shape an intervention’s activities and outcomes. In line with advocacy to expand evaluation criteria for health interventions, we designed this qualitative study to examine how a subsample of Black men in MEN Count, an HIV/STI risk reduction and healthy relationship intervention with employment and housing stability case management for Black men in Washington, DC, defined the intervention’s success. We also examined the contextual factors that shaped participation in the study’s peer counseling sessions. We conducted structured interviews with 38 Black men, ages 18 to 60 years ( M = 31.1, SD = 9.33) who completed at least one of three peer counseling sessions. Analyses highlighted three key themes: (a) the favorable impact of Mr. Stroman, the lead peer counselor, on participants’ willingness to participate in MEN Count and disclose their challenges—we dubbed this the “Stroman Effect”; (b) the importance of Black men intervention deliverers with relatable life experiences; and (c) how contextual factors such as the HIV/AIDS epidemic, needs for housing and employment services and safe spaces to talk about challenges, and absentee fathers shaped participation. We discuss the study’s implications for sustainable programs after funding ends and future multilevel health interventions to promote health equity for poor urban Black men.
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Chajhlana, Sunil Pal Singh, Ramakrishna Narashimha Mahabhasyam, and Maruti Sarma Mannava Varaprasada. "Nutritional deficiencies among school children in urban areas of Hyderabad, Telangana, India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 2 (January 25, 2017): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20170299.
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Background: The school age period is nutritionally significant because this is the prime time to build up body stores of nutrients in preparation for rapid growth of adolescence. Malnutrition remains the world’s most serious health problem and the single biggest contributor to child mortality, nearly one third of the children in the developing world are either underweight or stunted and more than 30% of the developing world’s population suffer from micronutrient deficiencies. However the data available from urban slums of Hyderabad in this age group is very sparse and hence an attempt has been made to study the same. The objectives were to determine the nutritional status of primary school children and study the factors associated with it.Methods:Study population: Primary school children (6 to 11 years). Study area: primary schools in urban slums of Hyderabad. Study design: a cross sectional study. Sample size: 412 children. Sampling methods: Simple random sampling Data collection: By using pre designed and pre tested and pre coded schedule (interview technique, observation, clinical examination). Analysis: By using Microsoft Excel 2007 and Epi Info 3.5.3.Results: The prevalence of underweight was 28.9%, overweight was 9.2% and obesity was 4.4% . Prevalence of stunted height was found among 21.8%. 5.8% children were suffering from Vitamin’ A’ deficiency, 15.0% were suffering from Vitamin B deficiency, and 15.8% were found to be anemic.Conclusions:The prevalence of underweight, Nutritional deficiencies were found to be significantly higher in children of illiterate parents’ and similarly in unskilled worker fathers’ and unemployed mothers.
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Cruise, S. M., R. Layte, M. Stevenson, and D. O'Reilly. "Prevalence and factors associated with depression and depression-related healthcare access in mothers of 9-month-old infants in the Republic of Ireland." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 27, no. 5 (February 15, 2017): 468–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796017000026.
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Aims.Untreated maternal depression during the postpartum period can have a profound impact on the short- and long-term psychological and physical well-being of children. There is, therefore, an imperative for increased understanding of the determinants of depression and depression-related healthcare access during this period.Methods.Respondents were 11 089 mothers of 9-month-old infants recruited to the Growing Up in Ireland study. Of this sample, 10 827 had complete data on all relevant variables. Respondents provided sociodemographic, socioeconomic and household information, and completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD).Results.11.1% of mothers scored above the CESD threshold for depression. 10.0% of depressed mothers and 25.4% of depressed fathers had depressed partners. Among depressed mothers, 73.1% had not attended a healthcare professional for a mental health problem since the birth of the cohort infant. In the adjusted model, the likelihood of depression was highest in mothers who: had lower educational levels (odds ratio (OR) 1.26; 95% confidence intervals (CIs) 1.08, 1.46); were unemployed (OR 1.27; 95% CIs 1.10, 1.47); reported previous mental health problems (OR 6.55; 95% CIs 5.68, 7.56); reported that the cohort child was the result of an unintended pregnancy (OR 1.43; 95% CIs 1.22, 1.68), was preterm (OR 1.35; 95% CIs 1.07, 1.70), or had health/developmental problems (OR 1.20; 95% CIs 1.04, 1.39); had no partner in the household (OR 1.33; 95% CIs 1.04, 1.70) or were living with a depressed partner (OR 2.66; 95% CIs 1.97, 3.60); reported no family living nearby (OR 1.33; 95% CIs 1.16, 1.54); were in the lowest income group (OR 1.60; 95% CIs 1.21, 2.12). The primary determinant of not seeking treatment for depression was being of non-white ethnicity (OR 2.21; 95% CIs 1.18, 4.13).Conclusions.Results highlight the prevalence of maternal depression in the later postpartum period, particularly for lower socioeconomic groups, those with previous mental health problems, and those with limited social support. The large proportion of unmet need in depressed mothers, particularly among ethnic minority groups, emphasises the need for a greater awareness of postpartum mental health problems and increased efforts by healthcare professionals to ensure that mothers can access the required services.
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Urbanova, Laura Bitto, Jana Holubcikova, Andrea Madarasova Geckova, Sijmen A. Reijneveld, and Jitse P. van Dijk. "Does Life Satisfaction Mediate the Association between Socioeconomic Status and Excessive Internet Use?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20 (October 15, 2019): 3914. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203914.
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Excessive Internet use is becoming a rapidly increasing problem in today’s society. Our aim was to assess the association between socioeconomic status (SES) of the family and excessive Internet use (EIU), and whether life satisfaction mediates this association. We analyzed data from a representative sample of 2844 Slovak adolescents (mean age 14.34, 50.5% boys) from the 2014 Health Behavior in School aged Children (HBSC) study, based on self-report questionnaires. We assessed the association of SES, measured by several indicators, such as perceived family wealth, parental education, and (un)employment, and adolescent EIU using linear regression, adding life satisfaction as a mediator. Adolescents whose father was unemployed and whose perceived family wealth was low tended to score higher on EIU. Neither gender nor age affected this relationship. Life satisfaction mediated a part of the association between SES and EIU in the case of low perceived family wealth and father’s (un)employment. Adolescents with a low SES are more likely to become excessive Internet users, and life satisfaction mediates this association. Prevention of EIU among adolescents should be targeted at those with low SES, with life satisfaction being the topic to address.
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AS, Ibrahim, Salama H, Al-Obiedly S, Al-Rifai H, and Al-Qubaisi M. "Socioeconomic Risk Factors for Hospital-based Neonatal Death: A Population-based Study." Asploro Journal of Pediatrics and Child Health 2, no. 3 (February 2, 2021): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.36502/2020/asjpch.6161.
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Introduction: The aim of this study to review the socioeconomic determinants of neonatal death compared to living infants in a multinational’s population. Methods: A retrospective data analysis of 58,990 births. Population-based Cohort study retrieved from the perinatal registry for the 4 years period. We compared socio-economic factors in cases of neonatal death [NND] who died in the hospital with infants who have discharged alive from the hospital [AL]. Socioeconomic factors including nationality, religion, marital status, level of education, parents’ occupation, family income, consanguinity, early childbearing, smoking, assisted conception, antenatal care, and place of delivery. Results: There were 336 cases of ND and 58,654 of AL. The prevalence of NND was 5.7/1000 births. There were more neonatal deaths among uneducated mothers with P-value < 0.0003, and OR=2.0, mothers with low income (P=0.0008, CI=1.34-3.16, OR=2.07), families living in a shared houses (P=0.008, CI=1.23-3.19, OR=1.34), consanguinity (P=0.005, CI=1.13-2.0, OR=1.5), unemployed father (P=0.027, CI=1.24-4.28, OR=2.4), father’s education (P=0.017, CI=1.065-1.92, OR=1.4), assisted conception (P= 0.0001, CI=2.99-5.46, OR=4.04) and those mothers with no antenatal care (P=0.0001, CI=2.54-4.48, OR=3.37). Preterm birth in a referral/tertiary hospital was significantly high. There was no negative impact of nationality, mother’s occupation, maternal age, gravidity, or smoking. Comparing means among maternal and neonatal outcome categories showed no negative impact of crowding index (family members/number of rooms), number of rooms, number of family members, number of children in the house, or number of parties. Conclusion: In this study, antenatal care, parent’s education, father’s unemployment, low income of the mother, poor housing, consanguinity, assisted conception, and preterm birth were all associated with in-hospital neonatal death.
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Sharma, Poonam, and Satheesh Kumar. "A STUDY TO ASSESS THE ANXIETY DUE TO PANDEMIC AMONG ADOLESCENCE AT SELECTED COLLEGE, DEHRADUN." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 10 (October 31, 2020): 466–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/11874.
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Adolescents are a vulnerable group and they are experiencing a time of difficult transition. The Pandemic outbreak and lockdown may have multiple consequences on the lives of adolescents, chronic and acute stress, worry for their families, unexpected bereavement, sudden school break, and home confinement in many countries, increased time of access to the internet and social media, worry for the economic future of their family and country. In the current situation, anxiety can cause rumination, a sense of impending doom, helplessness and over focusing on news, which can provoke more anxiety. Establish a new routine, stay connected virtually, practice self-care habits, look for the good, exercise, meditate, reach out these are some healthy ways to cope up with anxiety during pandemic. Problem Statement: A study to assess the anxiety due to pandemic among adolescence at selected college, Dehradun. Aim: To assess the anxiety due to pandemic among adolescence at selected college, Dehradun. Objectives of the study: To assess the level of anxiety among adolescents due to pandemic. To determine the association between level of anxiety with their selected demographic variables among adolescents. Methodology: A quantitative research approach was used to assess the anxiety. The research design selected was descriptive design, Non-randomized convenient sampling technique was used and sample size are 100. The study was conducted at Shri Guru Ram Rai College of Nursing, Patel Nagar, Dehradun. Adolescence Self- Rating Anxiety scale used as tool for data collection. The research tool consisted of two sections Section A is demographic variable and section B is related to anxiety scale. The content validity done by three experts in field of Nursing. Reliability is 0.99. The conceptual framework was based on Roys adaptation model. The collected data was analyzed and interpreted by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The result shows socio –demographic description of the study participants. There are total of 100 participants out of which (66%) of subjects are of 19years of age, (34%) are of 18 years of age. All the samples are 100 in number out of which maximum percentage (82%) are girls and remaining (18%) are boys. Majorities (100%) of subject are in graduation1st year, (0%) are in 11th and 12th standard. Type of family status explains the maximum (56%) of subjects having nuclear family, (44%) of subject having joint family. The majority (46%) of subjects have 1 Sibling, (33%) of subjects have 2 sibling, (12%) are have no siblings and remaining (9%) of subjects have more than 2 sibling. Education status of father explains the maximum (45%) having graduation and above education, (38%) are having intermediate, (15%) are having primary education and remaining (02%) are illiterate. If we analyze fathers occupation, highest percentage (49%) are government employee, (31%) are in private job, (16%) are self-employed and remaining (04%) subject unemployed. Mother education status explains the maximum (34%) have intermediate education, (33%) have graduation and above, (28%) have primary education and remaining (05%) have illiterate. The table shows that (83%) of subjects are homemaker mothers and remaining (17%) are employed. (31%) of subjects having more than 50,000 family income, (31%) of subjects having 20,000 to 50,000 family income, (22%) of subjects having10,000 to 20,000 family income and remaining (16%) of subjects having less than 10,000 family income. The highest percentage (85%) of subjects belongs to Hindu Religion, (10%) are of Muslim Religion, (5%) are of Christian Religion and remaining (0%) subject belongs to Sikh Religion. There is no significance association between the level of anxiety with their selected socio demographic variables. There is 3%of severe level of anxiety and 21% has mild to moderate level of anxiety have been found in adolescents due to pandemic and mean value is 44.18. The calculated chi square value was less than the table value at the 0.05% level of significance. Hence null hypothesis was accepted. Recommendation: A Similar study may be conducted on a larger sample for wider generalization. An Experimental study can be conducted to find out the factors associated with anxiety. The study may be conducted at different setting. Conclusion: The study concludes that there is no significant association between the level of anxiety with their selected socio demographic variables.
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Kienhorst, C. W. M., E. J. de Wilde, J. Van Den Bout, R. F. W. Diekstra, and W. H. G. Wolters. "Characteristics of Suicide Attempters in a Population-Based Sample of Dutch Adolescents." British Journal of Psychiatry 156, no. 2 (February 1990): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.156.2.243.
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The characteristics of suicide attempters were ascertained in a sample of 9393 Dutch students aged 14–20. Broken homes and use of drugs and alcohol were found more often among attempters. Attempters more frequently lived with a single parent, in children's homes or foster homes, were disproportionately of female sex, reported more deaths of friends or relatives, and more often had an unemployed father. Thoughts of suicide and of death were reported more frequently, they were more depressed and hopeless, and had less self-esteem. They were less rational and perceived relationships with parents as poor.
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Kelley-Moore, Jessica, and Wenxuan Huang. "The “Good Times” Cohort in Later-Life." Research on Aging 39, no. 4 (March 13, 2017): 526–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027516655582.
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Race differences in midlife circumstances explain much of the disability gap in older adulthood, but questions remain about whether early life selection processes are race invariant. To address this, we (1) isolate the 1930s cohort to explore potential race-specific life courses and (2) utilize a two-stage estimation procedure to examine the role of early-to-midlife selection in shaping later-life functional limitations. Using data on Black and White adults born 1931–1941 from the Health and Retirement Study (W2–W9), we estimate trajectories of later-life functional limitations after modeling midlife income and comorbidity as a function of early life factors. Fair/poor childhood health similarly impacts midlife morbidity for both races. Childhood disadvantage (poor family, father unemployed, and no father/deceased) had an adverse effect on midlife income for White but not for Black adults. An education gradient in functional limitations exists only for White adults. We interpret these findings in the sociohistorical context of this birth cohort.
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Green, D. H. "Alfred Edward Ringwood. 19 April 1930–12 November 1993." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 44 (January 1998): 351–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.1998.0023.
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Ted Ringwood was born in Kew, an inner Melbourne suburb, on 19 April 1930, an only child in a family that identified strongly with Australia and with Melbourne in particular. Both his parents were Australian, but his mother's parents had come to Australia as Presbyterian emigrants from Ulster. His paternal grandfather was born in New Zealand, his paternal greatgrandfather in Australia and his grandmother in India. His father, also Alfred Edward Ringwood, enlisted as an 18–year–old in the First World War and fought in France, suffering gas attack, trench feet and other distressing experiences which impacted heavily on his later life. During the 1920s he held a variety of unskilled jobs and was essentially unemployed from the beginning of the Depression onwards. Ted's mother and extended family on both sides provided stability when his father joined Australia's large, itinerant ‘odd–jobbing’ labour force during the 1930s. (Later, his father received a war service pension.) Ted's mother, with clerical skills, supported the family through much of the Depression. However, the family's precarious financial position meant that Ted was boarded out with grandparents and relatives for extended periods. His maternal grandfather owned a small foundry in Fitzroy and successfully managed a small business through the Depression and the Second World War years.
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McCombie, Charles W., and Joseph C. Smith. "Harold Horace Hopkins. 6 December 1918-22 October 1994." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 44 (January 1998): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.1998.0016.
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Harold Horace Hopkins was born in Leicester, the last of the six children of William E. Hopkins, ‘a hand for a small baker’, and Teresa F. Hopkins. Throughout his childhood and youth the family experienced the hardships of the 1920s and 1930s, with his father unemployed for much of the time. But his efforts to get a good, broad education were encouraged, particularly by his mother, whose strong socialist principles incorporated a great respect for education. During his years at a local state elementary school he attended various Sunday schools (attendance was required, but no particular denomination was specified), sang in a church choir, had free organ lessons from the organist, won an adult verse competition when aged nine and went to concerts of the Leicester Symphony Orchestra.
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Al-Isa, Abdulwahab Naser, Jennifer Campbell, and Ediriweera Desapriya. "Factors Associated with Overweight and Obesity among Kuwaiti Elementary Male School Children Aged 6–10 Years." International Journal of Pediatrics 2010 (2010): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/459261.
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Background. Childhood obesity is becoming a global epidemic which may result in increased morbidity and mortality during young adulthood.Objectives. To identify factors associated with overweight and that of obesity among Kuwaiti elementary male school children aged 6–10 years.Methods. Weights and heights of 662 students at a randomly selected school were collected to obtain body mass index (BMI).Results. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among the students were 20.2% and 16.8%, respectively. There were a variety of factors associated with overweight and obesity; however, having one or more obese brother, an unemployed father, or a high (>11) number of persons living at home was significantly associated with higher risk of overweight and obesity. Increased age and school level as well as having a chronic disease were associated with the risk of overweight.Conclusion. Health education programs for families should be implemented to help control overweight and obesity in Kuwaiti children.
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MARCHINI, ANTOINE. "The budget of a Corsican stem family." Continuity and Change 17, no. 2 (August 2002): 233–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416002004216.
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This article provides a detailed analysis of the income and expenditure of a stem family household from Bastelica, Corsica, based on information collected in 1867 and 1887 according to the scheme recommended by Frédéric Le Play. The budget indicates the work undertaken by each member of the family and which economic activities were most valuable to the family in terms of the income they generated and the level of profit. The primary resource of the family was its members, as the family used almost no non-family labour. The composition of the household, and the distribution of its members in terms of age and sex, were therefore critical for its economic well-being. Members of the family contributed their labour according to their sex, age and place within the household. Males were better paid than females but each son received more than his father and the daughters were better paid than their mother. Apart from the father, the less well paid the family member, the longer the time they were at work. In addition, the two highly paid sons were unemployed for more than half of the year. This provided a reserve of labour in the event of a rise in the ratio of consumers to workers within the family. The economy of the family was based on the exploitation of its patrimony and on animal husbandry. Food constituted the largest single item of expenditure but the diet of this family did not provide the 2,800 calories of the average diet in France between 1855 and 1874.
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Cortês Neto, Ewerton Dantas, Maihana Maira Cruz Dantas, Rodrigo da Silva Maia, Irami Araújo Filho, and Eulália Maria Chaves Maia. "The Resilience of Adolescent Participants in Social Projects for Sport." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 25, no. 3 (March 2020): 901–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020253.18362018.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the resilience of adolescents participants and non-participants of social projects for sports relating it to their sociodemographic profile. Cross-section Study, comparative and analytical, covered 134 adolescents, from ages 12 to 17, residing in a social zone of high vulnerability in a Northeastern Brazilian city. The data collected was obtained through structured interviews and a questionnaire/resilience scale, developed by Wagnild and Young (1993). The descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was used, especially the Student ‘T’ Test for the independent samples and the chi-square test. In both cases, the statistical significance level adopted was p < 0.05. The overall mean resilience was 110.6 (±15.9) and the participants in social projects demonstrated better resilience (p = 0.063), with a predominance of male gender, age group 15 to 17 years old, without health problems, parents (father/mother) self-employed, retired, pensioner or unemployed with income less than 1 minimum wage, without alcohol/cigarette and other drugs. The participants of the social projects presented a better level of resilience, even though there were several unfavorable situations and many risks presented as well.
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Rantakallio, Paula. "Social Class Differences in Mental Retardation and Subnormality." Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine 15, no. 2 (June 1987): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/140349488701500202.
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Social class and regional differences in mental retardation were studied in a birth cohort of 12000 children followed up until the age of 14. The incidence of severe mental retardation IQ<50 was significantly higher in farming families and in less developed areas, which is in agreement with the fact that a greater part of the population in these areas belong to social class IV and farmers. The obvious explanation for the higher incidence of severe mental retardation among farmers is an excess of older mothers in this group. In the group of severe mental retardation, paternal unemployment was also statistically, significantly more frequent than among the others. Mild mental retardation, IQ 50–70, was significantly higher in all classes other than I+II and mental subnormality, IQ 71–85 was higher in social classes III and IV. The other less favourable social conditions, which were statistically more frequent in the families of the mentally subnormal, were that: the father had died, was unemployed, on sick leave or receiveing a pension and the mother was not living at home, was unemployed, or was on sick leave or receiving a pension. The incidence of mental subnormality was significantly higher in more developed areas, in spite of the fact that the members of social class IV were less and those of classes I+II more numerous than elsewhere. One probable explanation for the higher incidence of mild mental retardation and mental subnormality in the lower social classes, is found in socio-familial factors, and, with regard to the excess of these conditions in urban areas, in either the difference in socio-cultural factors or in an eargerness to diagnose these conditions. When only the cases of mental retardation, for which no risk factor or aetiology was known, were considered, a statistically significant difference was only found in mild mental retardation and mental subnormality; the incidence of these conditions being higher in social class IV than in I+II.
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Kim, Deuksung, and Do Hee Kim. "Moderating Effects of Marital Fondness & Admiration and Father’s Child Rearing Involvement on the Association between Parenting Stress and Marital Satisfaction: Comparison of Unemployed and Employed Mothers." Family and Environment Research 54, no. 6 (December 16, 2016): 621–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.6115/fer.2016.049.
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Beaumont, Matthew. "“A LITTLE POLITICAL WORLD OF MY OWN”: THE NEW WOMAN, THE NEW LIFE, AND NEW AMAZONIA." Victorian Literature and Culture 35, no. 1 (January 22, 2007): 215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150307051492.
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“I READ THE PAPERS and have a little political world of my own.” So Margaret Harkness confided to her second cousin Beatrice Potter (who would later marry the Fabian Sidney Webb) in a letter sent in February 1880 (qtd. in Hapgood 130). Subsequently disavowed by her repressive father, an Anglican priest, because she was insufficiently subordinate to him, Harkness was still living at home at this time. Her social isolation, as well as her political frustration, is palpable. But if the tone of this apparently resigned statement is poignant, it is at the same time too defiant to be dismissed as self-pitying. Later in the 1880s she worked among the poor and unemployed in the East End of London, the environment that she explored in some seven novels written under the pseudonym “John Law,” from A City Girl (1887) to George Eastmont, Wanderer (1905). In this decade she also circulated, uneasily enough, in the Social Democratic Federation, a socialist organization dominated by the acolytes of Friedrich Engels, vainly searching for a progressive model of friendship that might alleviate her sense of alienation. Indeed, Harkness became a formidable activist as well as an impressive novelist. She seems however to have grown disillusioned with socialist politics in the 1890s and to have drifted into philanthropic activities instead (see Ledger 144).
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Liebst, Lasse Suonperä, and Naja Buono Stamer. "Fallos og finanskrisen, eller, hvorfor Stein Bagger er en senkapitalistisk Urfader." Dansk Sociologi 22, no. 4 (November 30, 2011): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v22i4.3921.
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Med afsæt i Žižeks dialektiske psykoanalyse diskuterer artiklen, hvordan fyrede fag- og ufaglærte arbejdere ideologisk håndterer finanskrisens traumatiske rystelse af deres livssituation som forbrugere. Der peges på, hvordan arbejderne længes efter to potente Fædre, der begge inkarnerer et håb om, at der er en nydelsesmæssig vej ud af krisen: Således fantaserer arbejderne på overraskende vis dels om, at finansmanden Stein Bagger i kraft af sine finansielle perversioner har en særlig viden om, hvordan nydelsen i forbrugssamfundet igen bliver mulig. På afpolitiseret vis tilskrives Stein Bagger den handlekraft, som krisen har blotlagt, at de folkevalgte politikere mangler. I forlængelse af denne fantasmatiske afpolitisering peges der dels på, hvordan dele af arbejdernes ideologiske fantasmer balancerer på en ”proto-fascistisk æg” med forestillingen om en autoritær Fader-skikkelse, der på potent vis kan skære igennem demokratiets snakkerier og handlekraftigt forløse krisens nydelses-traume. Begge Fader-fantasmer – Stein Bagger og den proto-fascistiske Fader – kredser således ikke om, at denne eller hin syndebuk har taget nydelsen fra arbejderne, sådan som man kunne forvente erfaringen med Jødehadet efter børskrakket 1929 in mente. Modsat udtrykkes et fantasmatisk håb om, at Fader-skikkelserne har potensen til at give arbejderne nydelsen igen – og det uanfægtet af, om der må betales en politisk, demokratisk pris herfor.
ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Lasse Suonperä Liebst and Naja Buono Stamer: Phallus and the Financial Crisis: Or, why Stein Bagger is a Primal Father of Late Capitalism
Employing Žižek’s neo-Lacanian dialectical psychoanalysis, this article analyzes how unemployed, middle-aged, unskilled and skilled workers deal with the financial crisis as a traumatic shock to their life situation. The article concentrates on the workers’ perception of Stein Bagger, a major Danish swindler now behind bars. It points out that these workers are fantasizing, longing for two potent father figures who embody hope that there is a way out of the crisis and hence a path towards restoring enjoyment. Firstly, the article argues that these workers fantasize about how Bagger possesses specific knowledge about how enjoyment in consumer society becomes possible again – not despite of, but because of his financial perversions. Secondly, following this depoliticized fantasy, it is shown how parts of these workers’ fantasies balance on a ”proto-fascistic edge”. Paramount for the workers is the idea of an authoritarian father figure, who can cut through the political democratic ”chit-chatting” in a potent manner, and thereby forcefully resolve the current economic crisis. Thus, the workers’ ideological fantasies about Bagger do not cast him as a scapegoat, who has stolen enjoyment, something one might expect, drawing on the experience of the 1929 stock market crash and the subsequent hatred of the Jews. Instead, the workers express a hope that the father-figure will have the potency to restore enjoyment – and this remains the case even though there is a political democratic price to pay for it.
Key words: Slavoj Žižek, dialectical psychoanalysis, the financial crisis, critique of ideology, consumer capitalism.
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Chen, Ningjing, Daniel Yee Tak Fong, Sha Li, and Janet Yuen Ha Wong. "Association between Non-Restorative Sleep and Quality of Life in Chinese Adolescents." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19 (October 4, 2020): 7249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197249.
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To examine non-restorative sleep and its impact on quality of life (QOL) in Chinese adolescents, this cross-sectional study included 2827 students aged 12–20 who were selected from 15 secondary schools in Hong Kong, China. Non-restorative sleep was assessed by a single item, rated on a 0–10 scale: “To what extent did you feel refreshed upon awakening over the past month?”. QOL was evaluated by the World Health Organization Quality of Life Measure—Abbreviated Version Hong Kong Chinese Version. Univariable and multivariable linear mixed-effects regressions were conducted to examine the influence of non-restorative sleep (NRS) on QOL. In the present sample, the mean overall QOL was 13.83, and the extent of feeling refreshed upon awakening was 4.75 on average. In multivariable linear mixed-effects regression, one unit feeling less refreshed upon awakening was associated with 0.37 units of poorer overall QOL after adjusting for age, gender, medical conditions, parental education and occupation, weekly hours of aerobic exercises, smoking and drinking habits. Additionally, adolescents with a significantly poorer overall QOL were more likely to be older, have medical problems, have parents with an educational level of primary school or below, have an unemployed father, engage in less weekly aerobic exercise, and be current smokers or former drinkers. Adolescents who experienced non-restorative sleep had a poorer QOL. Future studies are needed to alleviate non-restorative sleep to improve health outcomes in adolescents.
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Gulliford, MC, D. Mahabir, B. Rocke, S. Chinn, and RJ Rona. "Free school meals and children's social and nutritional status in Trinidad and Tobago." Public Health Nutrition 5, no. 5 (October 2002): 625–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2002330.
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AbstractObjective:To evaluate the provision of free school meals in Trinidad and Tobago in relation to children's social and nutritional status.Design and methods: Cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of 66 government schools, including children in the admissions classes (aged 4 to 7 years) and classes for ‘rising nines’ (aged 7–10 years). Data included questionnaire details of free school meals and children's social background, and measurements of children's heights, weights and skinfold thicknesses.Results:Of 6731 eligible children, data were analysed for 5688 (85%). There were 2386 (42%) children receiving free meals provided at school. At different schools the proportion of all children receiving free meals ranged from 20% to 100%, P < 0.001. Receipt of free meals was associated with larger family size (one child, 32% received free meals; ≥6 children, 63%), lower paternal educational attainment (primary, 52% free; university, 30%), father's employment (employed, 39% free meals; unemployed <12 months, 59%) as well as maternal education and employment and household amenities. After adjusting for age, sex and ethnic group, children who received free meals were shorter (mean difference in height standard deviation score (SDS) –0.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) –0.17 to –0.06), lighter (body mass index SDS –0.21, –0.28 to –0.14) and thinner (subscapular skinfold SDS –0.13, –0.18 to –0.09).Conclusions:Free school meals were widely available, with some targeting of provision to children with less favourable social and nutritional status. Greater universality would reduce inequity, but more stringent targeting and reduction of school-level variation would increase efficiency.
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Mertoğlu, Munevver. "Factors Affecting Happiness of School Children." Journal of Education and Training Studies 8, no. 3 (January 2, 2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v8i3.4674.
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Parents, teachers and managers are crucial elements and play a key role in raising happy and healthy individuals. Besides the factors that determine the level of happiness, turning happiness into something that can be taught puts responsibility on people who are accountable for raising children starting from first-year education. Our study aims to offer suggestions to contribute to students’ happiness by determining variables which affect the level of happiness of students whose study levels vary from 3rd grade to 12th grade. Sample space is composed of 2187 students in total and 28 different schools located in İzmir-Dikili and Foça district. “School Children Happiness Inventory” was used to measure students’ happiness levels. “One Way ANOVA”, “t-test”, “Varian’s Homogeneity Test”, Welch and Post-hoc tests are used for the statistical analysis of data. The results of the statistical analysis have illustrated that students’ happiness score does not depend on grade, the number of siblings, financial situation, whether a mother is working or mother’s job type. On the other hand, it has seen that happiness score decreases when a father is unemployed, and parents are divorced. Other important data shows that happiness score decreases as students get older. Findings have demonstrated that enjoying going to school, spending quality time with their peers and having fun with them as well as having higher self-esteem and feeling safe in school environment contribute to the level of happiness of students in a positive way. A necessary suggestion has been provided to contribute to students’ level of happiness.
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Deindl, Christian, and Miriam Engels. "PATHWAYS TO A GOOD LIFE? MULTIPLE SOCIAL ROLES IN ADULTHOOD AND MENTAL WELL-BEING IN LATER LIFE IN EUROPE." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3339.
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Abstract The connection between employment, family life and health is well documented. Job demands and family obligations are divergent responsibilities and can be a constant source of conflict. The resulting role strain can have a long lasting impact on mental health. Using data from SHARE and ELSA, we take a life course perspective and look at patterns of employment history from the age of 25 to 40 combined with partnership and fertility history of 17,189 men and 23,266 women in 22 European countries. Sequence analysis combined with cluster analysis shows a clear picture of five dominant states in our sample: Stable work and family, stable work without family, working single parent, working childless couples, and being non employed. This pattern is similar for men and women. We use path models to distinguish the impact of childhood conditions on such life course patterns and the direct and indirect impact of employment and family life on mental health. Women who did not combine work and family roles, (work without family, family without work) reported higher levels of depression in comparison with women who combined work and family. Non-working women and single mothers also experienced indirect effects on depression through their economic situation. Unemployed men or men without family reported higher levels of depression. Unemployment and being a single father also have an indirect impact on depression via economic conditions and health. Moreover, such results also differ between countries, with lower employment rates reducing role strain for women, but not so for men.
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Mahmoud, Kafayat, and Candidus Nwakasi. "Cycle of Disadvantages: An Exploration of Young and Older Female Dementia Caregivers’ Experiences." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1128.
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Abstract Families play an essential role in providing care for older persons in Nigeria, a responsibility that is culturally assigned to women. Caregiving is made even more difficult given the increasing rates of older persons with dementia and the limited capacity of caregivers to provide adequate care. We explored the experiences of two female dementia caregivers and how they cope with other competing responsibilities. The research method employed a case study approach, which followed the lived experiences of two Nigerian women – a 75-year-old woman (Ada) who cares for her husband, and a 35-year old woman (Chika) who cared for her father. The research adopted the life course concept of ‘linked lives’ and the Family Stress Process model to explore and identify the continued embeddedness of persons within their family networks and relationships, which may have deleterious effects on the wellbeing of caregivers. This study revealed that married women providing care to older parents are exposed to domestic violence from their spouses who deem them uncommitted to their (husbands’) families. These women continue to remain in such abusive relationships due to financial dependence and unwillingness to leave their children. Older women caregivers, on the other hand, over time, begin to develop physical limitations, which limit their ability to provide care for their spouses and subsequently must depend on unemployed children who live close by. This study highlights the complicated cycle of exposure to socio-economic and health disadvantages which women experience as caregivers across two generations.
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Agostinho, C., S. Henriques, and I. Coelho. "The Nose – a Case Report of Body Dysmorphic Disorder and a Literature Review." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S493—S494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1816.
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IntroductionBody Dysmophic Disorder (BDD) is relatively common disorder. Patients with delusional beliefs seem to show greater morbidity (more suicidal attempts and drug abuse or dependence) and less likelihood of receiving treatment.Objectives and aimsIn this study, we intended to report a case of BDD followed in psychiatric consultation from 2 years ago, and to make a review of the literature, namely presentation, treatment and prognosis of BDD.MethodsWe conducted a description of a BDD case and a research using “Body Dysmorphic Disorder” keywords on Pubmed.ResultsJ.F., 45 years old, unemployed, living with his father, referred to the Psychiatric consultation by his GP. The disorder started in the adolescence with an excessive preoccupation with hair loss and nose length, but in early adulthood these concerns became more important. Around 30 years old he was followed in Psychiatry but abandoned. Years later he underwent nose plastic surgery. He tried underwent other nose surgeries, but was refused. He was advised to look for psychiatric care. From the initial observation I highlight the appearance (thin, with a wig, adhesive tape connecting the tip of the nose to the forehead pulling up the nose), delusional ideas regarding the appearance of the nose, overvalued hypochondriac ideas, and no insight for the disease. The patient was reluctant in taking psychotropic drugs. He was referred to day hospital, which he attended with great irregularity.ConclusionsBDD is a disorder with poor prognosis, especially when delusional variant is present, probably in relation to the lack of insight.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Amirejibi, T. "Psycho-social factors associated with maternal neonaticide." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.878.
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Current research presents five case studies of maternal neonaticide in Georgia. Participants were under the age of thirty, with incomplete secondary education, unemployed, dependent on their families’ low income, living in the rural areas of Georgia. In three cases, participants resided with their family of origin. They were not married or in a relationship with the father of the child. They described their families and communities as conservative, holding strong cultural/religious beliefs against premarital sexual relations/childbirth out of wedlock. They lacked problem solving and coping skills, avoided making decisions concerning the pregnancy by concealing it. This being their first pregnancy, they gave birth alone followed by panic and fear of detection, committed neonaticide and hid the body of the infant. None of them had a prior criminal record. In the remaining cases, participants were married, lived with their spouses and children, had financial hardships. Both reported psychological and physical abuse from their spouses. One of them had a prior criminal offense for possessing controlled substances. The motive for neonaticide was an unwanted child due to an extramarital affair and threat of financial abandonment from extended family. In both cases, infants suffered fatal injuries. All participants reported lack of social support and emotional neglect from family members. These results are in line with international research, suggesting that certain patterns among these mothers are shared. Psychosocial factors associated with neonaticide should be utilized in the process of planning and implementing preventive strategies in health, social and legal frameworks.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
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Jones, Loring Paul, Elizabeth Gross, and Irene Becker. "The Characteristics of Domestic Violence Victims in a Child Protective Service Caseload." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 83, no. 4 (August 2002): 405–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.14.
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The objective of this research was to identify case characteristics of domestic violence cases in a child protective services (CPS) caseload. The sample was drawn from a large California county, and consisted of 442 children chosen at random from among all children who had a newly substantiated abuse case over a 6-month period. Files of sample children were reviewed to derive study data. There were 187 children (42.3%) from families with at least one domestic violence incident. Parents with a domestic violence incident were significantly more likely to have problem characteristics such as substance abuse, and to have more previous CPS referrals than nondomestic violence families. Domestic violence victims were more likely to rely on public assistance, and were less likely to have an employed parent than nonvictims. Domestic violence cases were more likely than nondomestic violence cases to contain a charge of physical abuse, emotional abuse, or failure to protect, and were more likely to have been reported to CPS by the police. Domestic violence victims received more services, conditions in the service plan, and contact from their social workers than nonvictims. Variables that predicted new referrals during a 6-month follow-up period were examined in logistic regression. Domestic violence, previous referrals to CPS, the number of social work contacts, and having an unemployed father were variables that predicted a new referral. More contact with social workers predicted new referrals. These findings suggest that either interventions with domestic violence cases are ineffective or the chronic nature of domestic violence makes new referrals for child maltreatment more likely because mandated reporters such as police intervene with domestic violence.
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Camprodon-Rosanas, E., N. Ribas-Fitó, S. Batlle-Vila, C. Persavento, M. Alvarez-Pedrerol, J. Sunyer, and J. Forns. "Sluggish Cognitive Tempo: Sociodemographic, Behavioral, and Clinical Characteristics in a Population of Catalan School Children." Journal of Attention Disorders 21, no. 8 (June 5, 2016): 632–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054716652477.
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Objective: The aims of the present study were to examine the presence of sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) symptoms in children; associations of the symptoms with sociodemographic characteristics of the children; and relationships between SCT symptoms and symptoms of ADHD, dyslexia, academic performance, and behavioral problems. Method: We evaluated Catalan schoolchildren aged 7 to 10 years in Barcelona, 2012-2013. Parents filled out the SCT–Child Behavior Checklist (SCT-CBCL), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and a questionnaire concerning sociodemographic characteristics. Teachers completed the ADHD criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) (ADHD- DSM-IV), a list of dyslexia symptoms, and evaluated the children’s academic performance. SCT symptoms were studied as a continuous and dichotomous variable. Results: In all, 11% of the children in our sample scored above the clinical cut-off on the SCT-CBCL scale. We observed a higher rate of SCT symptoms in boys, children whose father was unemployed, those whose maternal educational level was lower, children with a high socioeconomic vulnerability index at home, those who reported maternal smoking during pregnancy and current second-hand smoke exposure at home, and children with an ADHD diagnosis. More SCT symptoms were associated with inattention symptoms, symptoms of dyslexia, academic problems, and emotional and peer relationship problems. Conclusion: We observed a higher prevalence of SCT symptoms in our sample than expected in the general population. While girls are less prone to SCT symptoms, some socioeconomic indicators, dyslexia, and inattention symptoms as well as exposure to smoking at home increase the risk of SCT and must be taken into account during assessments.
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Dunjic, Bojana, Nadja Maric, Miroslava Jasovic-Gasic, and Dusan Dunjic. "Parricide: Psychiatric morbidity." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 136, no. 11-12 (2008): 635–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh0812635d.
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INTRODUCTION Parricide is defined as a murder of parents by their children; the patricide is murder of father, while matricide is murder of mother. This entity is classified as homicide, but it differs in the fact that victims are parents and the killers are their children. Mostly, it is associated with psychiatric morbidity. OBJECTIVE To describe sociodemographic and psychopathological characteristics of parricide committers and to analyze circumstances of parricide and psychiatric morbidity in order to achieve better recognition and prevention of risks. METHOD This retrospective study included all homicide autopsy records (1991-2005) performed at the Institute of Forensic Medicine, Medical School, University of Belgrade. For further analyses, all parricide records were selected out. The study analyzed all available parameters, which concerned parricide committers, victims and the act itself. Methods of descriptive statistics were used. RESULTS Between 1991 and 2005, there were 948 cases of homicide; of these, 3.5% were parricides. The committers of parricide were on average 31.2?11.9 years old, 87.8% were males, 60.6% with psychiatric symptoms most commonly with schizophrenia, alcohol dependence, personality disorder etc. Victims were on average 63.7?11.9 years old, 54.5% males, and 21.2% had a diagnosed mental illness. CONCLUSION Parricide is a rare kind of homicide accounting for 3% of all homicides. Committers are mostly unemployed males in early adulthood who have mental disorder. The phenomenon of parricide deserves a detailed analysis of the committer (individual bio-psycho-social profile) and the environ- mental factors (family, closely related circumstances) to enable a precise prediction of the act and prevention of the fatal outcome, which logically imposes the need of further studies.
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Ahadin. "HUBUNGAN ANTARA PERSEPSI ANAK TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN YANG DIMILIKI DAN KEMAMPUAN GERAK YANG SEBENARNYA." Visipena Journal 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2011): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.46244/visipena.v2i2.47.
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To examine the relationship between perceived physical competence and actual motor skill competence of the first and the second years students of primary school at primary school number 31 an Banda Aceh municipality whose ages ranged from 5 to 7 year (N=30). All students individually completed the Harter and pike (1984) Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance (PSPCSA) was measured by using the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD) Ulrich, 1985. Data collected from 30 students consist of 15 boys and 15 girls, whose average age X=6.7 year, standard deviation 0.41, the boys average age X=6.87 year and the girls average age X=6.12 year. The background of the students whose father work as government official and the rest unemployed family or work at private sector. Four separate ANOVA’s were conducted to determine gender differences in perceived physical competence and actual motor skill competence: locomotor, object control, and TGMD-Total. ANOVA documented that the boys and girls did not differ in perceived physical competence, F (1,57) = 0,427;P=0,52. The object control component of actual motor skill competence differed for gender F (1,57) = 10,91; P =0,001. Gender by locomotor competence, F (1,57) = 1,96; P = 0,17 and TGMD-Total F (1,57) = 0, 73; P = 0,40. The boys actual object control motor skill competence exceeded the girls. Correlation and regression models were used to examine the influence of actual motor skill competence and gender on perceived physical competence factors were not significantly correlated with perceived physical competence. These correlation were 0,00 for locomotor and 0, 25 for TGMD – Total competence. The object control sub scale was significantly correlated r = 0,33 with perceived physical competence F ( 1,58) = 4,17 ; p = 0,05. The correlation for actual motor skill competence was low to moderately correlated with perceived physical copentence.
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Özcan, Mehmet Fatih. "Turkish Language Teacher Metaphors of Pre-service Teachers According to Their Perceptions." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 10, no. 6 (December 31, 2019): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.10n.6p.72.
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The aim of this study is to determine the pre-service teachers' perceptions related to teacher / Turkish language teacher concepts through metaphors. The study group consists of first and fourth grade undergraduate students from Department of Turkish Language Teaching of Faculty of Education of Ağrı province and graduate students from Turkish Language Education in 2018-2019 academic years. The research data was collected with open ended questions. With the questions as “How do you think the concept teacher can be expressed with different words? Why?” related to teacher concept, “What is the first reaction and the first sentence you hear from the people when you tell them that you are a Turkish language teacher/study in the department of Turkish Language Teaching?” related to Turkish language teacher concept, and “What are the three words that you think of when Turkish language teacher is mentioned?” related to Turkish language teacher concept, preferability levels of the metaphors were determined with frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean and standard deviation; and t test was used to determine the difference between gender and views of the participants according to grade. According to the results obtained from the study, it was determined that the participants presented both positive and negative metaphors related to the questions. While a high number of positive metaphors such as educator / instructor, leading / guide / leader and father / mother, compassion, laborer, friend, honest, self-sacrificing, hope are produced, negative metaphors such as Hope killer / hangman and expropriator are also produced. Of the metaphors produced about the Turkish language teacher, the first four came out as silver-tongued/ calligraphic, grammar, book and poet / poem. In addition, metaphors like Unemployed and With Poor Turkish/Short-tempered were also produced.
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Isaac, Jeffrey C. "The Politics of Inequality in the Face of Financial Crisis." Perspectives on Politics 11, no. 1 (March 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592712003611.
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I entered college in September of 1975, a working class kid from Queens whose father, Hyman Isaac, was an unemployed linotype operator (I wonder how many of our younger readers even know what that is; it's a typesetter, a trade that no longer exists), and whose mother, Sylvia Isaac, was an office secretary. I thus enrolled at Queens College, the neighborhood school, part of the City University of New York which, in 1975, offered free tuition to all New York City high school graduates. A month later, on October 30, the New York Daily News carried one of the most famous newspaper headlines of the century: “Ford to the City: Drop Dead.” The Ford in question was Gerald Ford, the unelected President of the United States who had acceded to the office from the House of Representatives when first the Vice-President (Spiro Agnew) and then the President (Richard Nixon) resigned amid scandal and disgrace. And his “drop dead” to “the city”—New York City—was a strong declaration that the US government would not bail New York out of the severe fiscal crisis in which it was mired. That same autumn, the State of New York passed the New York State Financial Emergency Act of The City of New York, placing the city in receivership, under the fiscal control of a state-appointed Emergency Financial Control Board: EFCB. That acronym, and a second with which it was conjoined—MAC, or “Big MAC,” the Municipal Assistance Corporation, the bond authority led by Felix Rohatyn that became the veritable executive office of the city—is indelibly stamped on the psyches of all who lived in and around New York in those years. For me, a teenage college student, the most palpable effect of all of this was the abolition of tuition-free higher education in New York City in 1976—a sour note during that year's bicentennial celebration of American freedom.
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Castrillo, Concepción, Jesús Rogero-García, Pedro Romero-Balsas, and Gerardo Meil. "Becoming primary caregivers? Unemployed fathers caring alone in Spain." Families, Relationships and Societies, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/204674320x15919852635855.
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This article analyses how unemployed fathers with employed partners broach childcare and how they conceive of their own identities. It aims primarily to determine whether these fathers actually play the part of primary caregivers. The analysis is based on in-depth interviews with 26 unemployed fathers who spent at least three months caring for their children. The findings show that these fathers engaged intensively in a wide variety of caring tasks. Nonetheless, their role as primary caregivers is called into question on the grounds of attitude. They tended to take for granted that they should set aside time and space for themselves, adding to their partners’ dual workload. Moreover, the overall responsibility for care fell largely on mothers. Subjectively speaking, while one group of fathers resorted to egalitarian precepts to normalise their situation, for many others, the inability to meet the standard expectations of traditional masculinity prompted an identity conflict.
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Johansson, Klara, Solveig Petersen, Björn Högberg, Gonneke W. J. M. Stevens, Bart De Clercq, Diana Frasquilho, Frank Elgar, and Mattias Strandh. "The interplay between national and parental unemployment in relation to adolescent life satisfaction in 27 countries: analyses of repeated cross-sectional school surveys." BMC Public Health 19, no. 1 (November 28, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7721-1.
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Abstract Background Previous research shows that parental unemployment is associated with low life satisfaction in adolescents. It is unclear whether this translates to an association between national unemployment and adolescent life satisfaction, and whether such a contextual association is entirely explained by parental unemployment, or if it changes as a function thereof. For adults, associations have been shown between unemployment and mental health, including that national unemployment can affect mental health and life satisfaction of both the employed and the unemployed, but to different degrees. The aim of this paper is to analyse how national unemployment levels are related to adolescent life satisfaction, across countries as well as over time within a country, and to what extent and in what ways such an association depends on whether the individual’s own parents are unemployed or not. Methods Repeated cross-sectional data on adolescents’ (aged 11, 13 and 15 years, n = 386,402) life satisfaction and parental unemployment were collected in the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey, in 27 countries and 74 country-years, across 2001/02, 2005/06 and 2009/10 survey cycles. We linked this data to national harmonised unemployment rates provided by OECD and tested their associations using multilevel linear regression, including interaction terms between national and parental unemployment. Results Higher national unemployment rates were related to lower adolescent life satisfaction, cross-sectionally between countries but not over time within countries. The verified association was significant for adolescents with and without unemployed parents, but stronger so in adolescents with unemployed fathers or both parents unemployed. Having an unemployed father, mother och both parents was in itself related to lower life satisfaction. Conclusion Living in a country with higher national unemployment seems to be related to lower adolescent life satisfaction, whether parents are unemployed or not, although stronger among adolescents where the father or both parents are unemployed. However, variation in unemployment over the years did not show an association with adolescent life satisfaction.