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Journal articles on the topic 'Unemployment – Soviet Union'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Porket, J. L. "How Much Unemployment in the Soviet Union?" Economic Affairs 7, no. 1 (1986): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0270.1986.tb01809.x.

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2

Wiles, P. J. D., and J. L. Porket. "Work, Employment and Unemployment in the Soviet Union." Economic Journal 100, no. 402 (1990): 1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2233703.

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3

Chapman, Janet G. "Work, employment and unemployment in the Soviet Union." Journal of Comparative Economics 15, no. 2 (1991): 399–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-5967(91)90099-f.

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4

Seksenbayev, Nursultan, Ken Inoue, Elaman Toleuov, et al. "Is the Association between Suicide and Unemployment Common or Different among the Post-Soviet Countries?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 12 (2022): 7226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127226.

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The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) collapsed in 1991 and separated into the 15 post-Soviet countries: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. The post-Soviet countries have faced many economic problems, including unemployment. The association between suicide and unemployment in post-Soviet countries has not been well studied. Here, we researched the annual suicide rate and the unemployment rate during the 28-year period from 1992 to 2019 in the 15 post-Soviet count

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Flick, Uwe, Benjamin Hans, Andreas Hirseland, Sarah Rasche, and Gundula Röhnsch. "Migration, Unemployment, and Lifeworld." Qualitative Inquiry 23, no. 1 (2016): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077800416655828.

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Migration is an issue for many countries. It affects several areas of social problems, for example, work and unemployment. A relevant issue to study in the context of unemployment and social welfare is, “Which are experiences of migrants with different language backgrounds in finding work and support?” For a running study with episodic interviews and mobile methods with migrants from the former Soviet Union to Germany, several issues are discussed in a “new critical inquiry”: Critical issues in the studied area (help, control, normative claims); applying (familiar) qualitative methods (intervi

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6

Cave, Martin. "The turning point: revitalizing the Soviet economy and Work, employment and unemployment in the Soviet Union." International Affairs 67, no. 1 (1991): 180–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2621285.

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7

Çolak, Olcay, and Ömer Bölükbaş. "The examination of the dynamic link between defense burden and unemployment: The evidence from the post-Soviet countries." Ekonomski horizonti 26, no. 3 (2024): 249–65. https://doi.org/10.5937/ekonhor2403249c.

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The Eastern Bloc had been dissolved by the end of the Cold War period, and the New World Order was established. The rapid liberalization process accelerated transition to the free market economy. In this transition period, however, numerous political tensions occurring between some countries also transformed into conflicts and wars. Therefore, countries allocate their scarce resources to their national security rather than their development objectives, simultaneously gradually increasing their defense expenditures. Accordingly, the present study aims to examine the existence of the dynamic rel

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Zhuravleva, Victoriya. "The Cold War of Images in Political Cartoons: American Messianic Concept vs Soviet Messianic Concept." ISTORIYA 14, no. 10 (132) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840028758-2.

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During the Cold War, political cartoons played a powerful role in the propaganda rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union. As an art form, political cartoons allowed to employ various techniques to portray the other side as the enemy. This article utilizes the constructivist approach to examine U.S.-Soviet relations via comparative analyzing of American and Soviet political cartoons as a specific primary source. The author demonstrates how the U.S. and the Soviet Union constructed “the Other” as the “enemy number one” while framing their messianic messages as universally recogniz

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9

Mahmood, Mir Annice. "International Labour Office. World Employment Report 1998-99. Employability in the Global Economy: How Training Matters. Geneva: ILO. 248pp.Paperback. Price US$34.95." Pakistan Development Review 37, no. 2 (1998): 191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v37i2pp.191-192.

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Statistics reveal that some one billion employable workers are unemployed— almost 33 percent of the total global workforce. Unemployment has therefore come to be a significant political issue in Western Europe, the developing world, and the former ‘tiger’ economies of the Far East and South East Asia. Former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, undergoing a process of structural reform, have also significant populations that are in search of employment. The world outlook for employment is therefore very grim. Such high levels of unemployment cause major economic losses not only to national economi

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10

Pinder, John. "The European Elections of 1994 and the Future of the European Union." Government and Opposition 29, no. 4 (1994): 494–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1994.tb01239.x.

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Between The European Elections of June 1989 and those of June 1994, the voters had to digest an extraordinary diet of change. The cold war ended, leading to the unification of Germany and replacing one monolithic security problem by a diversity of problems, including, most agonizingly, Bosnia. The Soviet Union disintegrated. Recession brought unemployment above 10 per cent for the European Union as a whole. Many were bemused by the complexity of the Maastricht Treaty and the political conflicts engendered by some of its major elements. Foremost among these was the project for the single curren

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ABRAMOV, Ruslan A., Ivan V. MOROZOV, and Maksim S. SOKOLOV. "Legal Basis for the Development of Social Capital in the Conditions of the State Transition to an Innovative Economy." Utopía y Praxis Latinoamericana 23, no. 82 (2018): 292–300. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1510482.

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EN: The Union state-the Union of Russia and Belarus – is the most significant integration project in the CIS space, which marked the change of centrifugal tendencies in the post-Soviet space by centripetal ones. Russia and Belarus were among the first CIS member States to realize the need for close integration. Almost immediately after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia and Belarus signed bilateral trade and economic agreements, which recognized the right of the parties to pursue an independent foreign economic policy. Thus, Russia and Belarus were the pioneers of integration proce

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12

Ulanova, Adina. "Opera and ballet art in the post-Soviet period of Kyrgyzstan’s development." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg State University of Culture, no. 4 (61) (2024): 134–40. https://doi.org/10.30725/2619-0303-2024-4-134-140.

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The article analyzes the post-Soviet period of development and problems of opera and ballet art in the Kyrgyz Republic. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, like all former Soviet republics, Kyrgyzstan faced many problems: socio-economic crisis, rising unemployment, disbandment of the system of centralized provision of cultural institutions, a large outflow of professional artists. Some national operas and ballet productions gradually disappeared from the theater repertoire and one of the problems of the theater repertoire is the lack of practice of introducing state orders for the creation

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13

Zaseev, Georgy A. "The Main Directions of Ideological Work with the Youth of Ossetia in 1918-1924." Vestnik of North Ossetian State University, no. 3 (September 25, 2023): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/1994-7720-2023-47-55.

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The article discusses the main directions of ideological work with the youth of Ossetia in 1918-1924. The relevance of the topic is determined by the insufficient study of the ideological component of the youth movement in the North Caucasus in the early Soviet period, which determines the purpose of this study. The article shows that the youth movement in Ossetia was closely connected with the activities of the all-Russian youth organization – Russian communist youth union (1918, since July 1924 – Russian Leninist Communist Youth Union, since 1926 – All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union/Ko

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14

BURKUSH, KATERINA. ""SEASONAL MIGRATION AS LOCAL PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE: HISTORICAL CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN RURAL SOVIET TRANSCARPATHIA (1940S–1960S)"." New Europe College Yearbook 2020-2021 (March 31, 2023): 97–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.58367/necy.pm.h.2022.2.97-120.

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Transnational labor migration from the western border regions of Ukraine is often explained by macro-economic factors: the unemployment that followed the collapse of the Soviet Union and generally low wages. In this paper I argue for a more complex, culturally informed and historicized understanding of labor migration. I show that in Transcarpathia, labor migration has a history of at least one to one and a half centuries, from the second half of the 19th century to this day. I especially focus on the “translation” of the local traditionalized practices of mobility into the Soviet system in th

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15

Siegelbaum, Lewis H. "The Condition of Labor in Post-Soviet Russia." Social Science History 28, no. 4 (2004): 637–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200012876.

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Labor (meaning both wage workers as well as their collective representation) in Russia was a major loser in the decade following the collapse of the Soviet Union. Aggregate data on prices, average wage and pension levels, wage arrears, and unemployment indicate a serious decline in workers’ standard of living that is unprecedented in the post-World War II era, while strike data show an upsurge in this form of worker militancy during the mid-1990s but a decline thereafter.This article seeks to explain both why these developments occurred and what prevented workers from adequately defending thei

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16

Brown, Kate. "Introduction." International Labor and Working-Class History 73, no. 1 (2008): 104–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547908000070.

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In 1980, Poles were the first to jump the communist ship and organize outside of the Communist Party, forming a ten-million strong alternative labor union, Solidarity. When the Communist government banned the Union in 1981, Poles refused to dissolve it. They went underground forming Solidarity-sponsored schools, theaters, newspapers, and political groups. In so doing, Solidarity activists created an alternative civil society that emerged nearly intact in 1989 when Poles were the first to throw off Soviet-backed communism. Yet now, in this land of self-liberation and freedom, the highly conserv

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17

Kulagin, M. S. "THE INVENTION OF LONELINESS IN THE LATE SOVIET UNION: ON THE HISTORY OF A DISCUSSION." Вестник Пермского университета. История, no. 4 (67) (2024): 183–95. https://doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2024-4-183-195.

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The article is devoted to the discursive discovery and subsequent framing of loneliness in the late Soviet society. The author is interested in how, in the late 1960s Soviet Union, the phenomenon of loneliness, previously described by international journalists as a consequence of the capitalist system, along with mass homelessness, unemployment, alienation, and atomization, was discovered, ideologically neutralized, and became part of the social policies of the late Soviet state. The article describes a meeting held in the editorial office of Literaturnaya Gazeta on June 20, 1967, where a clos

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18

Kondrateva, V. I. "On the Path of Strategic Development of the Economy in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) (to the 100th anniversary of the State Planning Committee of the Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic)." Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University Series "Economics Sociology Culturology, no. 4 (December 20, 2023): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25587/2587-8778-2023-4-18-29.

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In 2023, the planning authorities of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) will celebrate their 100th anniversary, and the article is devoted to the analysis of the strategic planning system in the republic. A historical cross-section of the Soviet and Russian planning systems is presented with intermediate results achieved at different stages of the socio-economic development of the republic by the beginning of the 2020s. The purpose of the study is to analyze long-term planning documents at various stages of the development of Yakutia, from its formation as the Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Repub

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19

Velchev, Andrey. "Role of Economic Sustainability in Strengthening National Security: Case of Post-Soviet Countries." International Journal of Accounting and Economics Studies 12, no. 2 (2025): 361–71. https://doi.org/10.14419/zf7kfx55.

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This study focused on analysing the relationship between economic resilience and national security in the context of post-Soviet countries and Bulgaria. The research employed a comprehensive strategy, incorporating the examination of economic, demographic, and quantitative factors, alongside a comparative analysis methodology. The study found that the economy plays a key role in national security, protecting against external economic and political threats such as sanctions and trade wars, as well as internal risks related to corruption and inefficiency. The study summarised the effects of the

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20

Zhuravleva, Victoriya. "Krokodil against Uncle Sam: the American Other in Soviet Cartoons at the Beginning of the Cold War (1947—1960)." ISTORIYA 13, no. 9 (119) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840022753-7.

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The main focus of this article is political cartoons from Krokodil — the Soviet flagship satirical magazine. The author uses social constructivism as a lens to analyze U.S.-Soviet relations through political cartoons which serve as a peculiar, but valuable primary source. The article focuses primarily on the works of prominent Soviet artists, i.e., the Kukryniksy, Boris Efimov, Yury Ganf, Boris Leo, Ivan Semyonov, Vitaly Goryaev, and Mark Abramov, all of whom were mobilized by the Soviet propaganda in the Cold War of images with the USA. The author traces the role of political cartoon as a lit

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21

Żukowski, Arkadiusz, and Marcin Chelminiak. "European Union Enlargement and the new Peripheral Regions: Political, Economic and Social Aspects and Related Issues – A Case of Warmia and Mazury Region." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 8, no. 4 (2010): 353–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/8.4.353-367(2010).

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This paper analyses the problems of the new peripheral regions after the European Union enlargement. The last EU enlargements in 2004 and 2007 were the logical consequences of political, social and economic changes associated with the break-up of the Soviet Union and the disintegration of the Communist Bloc. These two enlargements led to substantial geopolitical consequences. The European Union’s demographic and territorial potential increased by around one-third. At the same time, the European Union structures moved east and southwards. In 2004, one of the Polish regions, the Warmia and Mazur

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22

Morozova, Olga, and Tatyana Troshina. "Welcome, or Welcome to the Exit: Soviet and Foreign Press in Discussions of the USSR Concession Program, 1922–1933." Theoretical and Practical Issues of Journalism 13, no. 3 (2024): 542–59. https://doi.org/10.17150/2308-6203.2024.13(3).542-559.

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The concession program of the USSR, announced after the end of the Civil War and foreign intervention, was caused by the destruction of the national economy, shortage of goods, and unemployment. Specialized magazines, as well as on the pages of newspapers covered the discussions of experts who explained the goals of the policy. The new course aroused the interest of foreign firms and companies in need of raw materials and markets. The program attracted special attention from German merchants, supported by their government, because of the restrictions on national industry under the terms of the

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23

Saar, Ellu, Siim Krusell, and Jelena Helemae. "Russian-Speaking Immigrants in Post-Soviet Estonia: Towards Generation Fragmentation or Integration in Estonian Society." Sociological Research Online 22, no. 2 (2017): 96–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.4228.

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The disadvantages experienced by immigrants in education and labour markets have been of growing concern in many countries in recent years. However, little research has been undertaken on ethnic inequalities in labour markets in Eastern Europe, and especially in post-Soviet societies. This article considers the integration of the immigrant population into the labour market in post-Soviet Estonia, where the context and peculiarities of the arrived population are quite different from the assumptions of Western immigrant integration theories. The Russian-speaking population arrived in Estonia aft

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24

Williams, Andrew. "The Labour Party's Attitude to the Soviet Union, 1927—35: An Overview with Specific Reference to Unemployment Policies and Peace." Journal of Contemporary History 22, no. 1 (1987): 71–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002200948702200105.

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25

Flick, Uwe, Andreas Hirseland, and Benjamin Hans. "Walking and Talking Integration: Triangulation of Data From Interviews and Go-Alongs for Exploring Immigrant Welfare Recipients’ Sense(s) of Belonging." Qualitative Inquiry 25, no. 8 (2018): 799–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077800418809515.

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Integration of immigrants is a major political and societal topic in societies such as Germany, although there are different ideas about when integration is achieved. For analyzing integration from the immigrants’ points of view, data triangulation of talking (episodic interviews addressing migration histories) and walking (mobile methods—go-alongs) reveals several levels of integration experiences. After outlining space and belonging as relevant theoretical concepts and the methods triangulated in a study, four case studies of immigrants from Turkey and the former Soviet Union in Berlin are p

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26

Swirszcz, Joanna. "The Role of Islam in Chechen National Identity." Nationalities Papers 37, no. 1 (2009): 59–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990802373637.

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Uncovering the importance of Islam in Chechen national identity is not necessarily difficult. Alexei Malashenko has noted that Chechen identity today cannot be considered outside the context of Islamic tradition. Chechnya today is not an independent Muslim state. Its embracing of Islam came about during a time of colonization, when Chechens were struggling to halt Russian encroachment on their lands. Many works pertaining to Islam in Chechnya suggest that, at the time of Russian advancement in the eighteenth century, most Chechens were “nominally” Muslim. This has been attributed to the geogra

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27

Khamedova, Olha. "Feminism and communism: specifics of interaction in the western Ukrainian media discourse of the 1920s – 1930s." Synopsis: Text Context Media 26, no. 3 (2020): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-259x.2020.3.4.

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The Subject of the Study is the models of interaction and intersection of ideologies in media discourse. In contrast to the homogeneous ideological discourse of the Soviet press, the Western Ukrainian of the interwar period was ideologically diverse, in particular, “leftist” ideas were propagated in magazines. There is a noticeable trend in modern media studies: researchers to some extent ignore the “communist segment” of the Western Ukrainian press of the interwar period, this is due to the relevance of our study. Realizing that the communist movement was not widespread in Western Ukraine dur

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28

Graudiņa, Elīna. "Bringing the Latvian Youth Back to Political Participation." Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs 26, no. 1 (2022): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33067/se.1.2022.5.

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After the collapse of the Soviet Union, and in the fi rst democratic national elections of 1993, voter turnout in Latvia was 89.9 per cent. However, by the late 90s, participation levels had signifi cantly decreased. Scholars have pointed out that this decrease was a result of people gradually learning the limits of democratic governance while tackling the feeling of political powerlessness and decreasing trust in politicians and political institutions – all of which have had negative effects on civil society and democratic ideals. Youths in particular were affected by the sum of all this, see

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29

Liu, Chenyi. "Political and Economic Impacts of German Reunification." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 15 (June 13, 2023): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v15i.9208.

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This article aims to provide a holistic and comprehensive summary on the political impacts as well as economic impacts of the Reunification of Germany in 1990 due to the fact that politics and economics are inter-linked.This article analyses political impacts through linking the reunification with other geopolitical changes in the world that took place afterwards, and discovered that the reunification did not effectively eliminate the division between Eastern and Western Germany and strengthened right-wing extremism in the East, yet contributed to the easing of global tensions, the dissolution

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30

MARKOWSKI, Tadeusz, and Tadeusz MARSZAŁ. "Recovering economy of a region in transition - the case of Łódź Industrial Agglomeration (Poland)." European Spatial Research and Policy 6, no. 1 (1999): 31–52. https://doi.org/10.18778/1231-1952.6.1.02.

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The paper presents the dynamically changing economic situation of the second largest city of Poland and its metropolitan area whose traditional prosperity relied on the textile industry and accessibility of the Soviet Union market. The region of Łódź was the first one strongly affected by dismantling of the communist bloc. At the end of the 1980s and at the beginning of the 1990s poilticians and economist could not find any reasonable measures to support the recovery of textile factories undergoing bankruptcy. The unemployment rate reached 1/4. However, as this study shows, the aglomeration of

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31

Abdulrazak, Hayat, and Mazin Essa. "The nature of economic transformations in the transitioning countries ... Poland as a model." Al Kut Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences 15, no. 48 (2023): 510–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.29124/kjeas.1548.24.

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After the end of World War II, Poland fell into the Soviet sphere of influence, the Communists took power, and Poland became known as the People's Republic of Poland. The new regime at that time did not take into account Polish interests, so the Poles resisted this regime and wanted to change it. Several years witnessed widespread protests that ended without radical solutions, except During this stage, Poland was able to establish independent social and political organizations that formed a current opposing the authority in popular Poland, and it had a major role in changing its fate in a peac

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32

Bilenko, Yuriy. "ECONOMIC GROWTH AND TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES BETWEEN TWO GLOBAL CRISES AND BEYOND." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 8, no. 4 (2022): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2022-8-4-8-18.

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The aim of the article is to assess the factors of economic growth of the CEE countries over the 30-year history, the productivity of capital and human resources, the resilience of these countries to the negative impact of the global financial crisis. Methodology. The Solow growth model was used to estimate the growth rates of capital, labor and total factor productivity (TFP). The impact of macroeconomic indicators on GDP and TFP growth is assessed. The group of Central and Eastern European countries that joined the European Union was chosen for the analysis: Bulgaria, Romania, Poland, Hungar

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33

Alekseev, Roman, Tatyana Dyudyun, and D. Ezhov. "Measures of State support for employment in Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia." Journal of Political Research 6, no. 2 (2022): 48–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-6295-2022-6-2-48-65.

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According to the EU Eurostat data, for a long period of time, the Baltic countries have been leading the list of countries with high unemployment. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these indicators have become critical in their scale, so the national governments of these countries, with the help of the EU, are trying to change the situation for the better with the help of various measures of state support in the field of employment, stabilize these indicators and bring them to the level of pre-crisis 2019. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of state support measures of the Govern

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Strods, Kaspars. "CRIMINALITY IN LATGALE IN THE REFLECTION OF THE NEWSPAPER “LATGOLAS WÒRDS” (1919–1921)." Via Latgalica, no. 11 (February 20, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/latg2018.11.3070.

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After the end of the Latvian War of Liberation (1918–1920) and the liberation of Latgale from the Bolsheviks, everyday life started to improve gradually, however, due to various objective circumstances (the geographical position – the border with the Soviet Russia, the presence of various criminal elements, relocation of refugees and several socio-economic factors such as unemployment, poverty, etc.), the region was still highly criminal. Processes and events including criminal offenses occurring in the territory of Latvia were reflected in various state and regional newspapers. The largest re

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Colăcel, Onoriu. "Moldovan Media Talk in the Aftermath of the 2015 Riga Eastern Partnership Summit." Baltic Journal of European Studies 6, no. 1 (2016): 192–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjes-2016-0009.

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AbstractThe delegation of the European Union to Moldova takes upon itself the task of making the case for the Association Agenda between the country and the EU. The European foreign policy in the borderlands of the Union is carried out against the background of the war in Eastern Ukraine. A war of words is being fought in Moldovan media as well. Mostly on Romanian-speaking TV, Pirkka Tapiola, the EU ambassador, is among those who lead the way. At a time of renewed Western concern about Eastern Europe, the media presence of the EU in Moldova reveals anxieties about the future: once again, the f

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von Koppenfels, Amanda Klekowski. "Second-Class Citizens? Restricted Freedom of Movement for Spätaussiedler is Constitutional." German Law Journal 5, no. 7 (2004): 761–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200012852.

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The right to the freedom of movement for all Germans is one of the nineteen so-called Grundrechte (Fundamental Rights) and is enshrined in Article 11(1) of the German Grundgesetz (Basic Law): “All Germans enjoy freedom of movement throughout the Federal territory.” On 17 March 2004, however, the Bundesverfassungsgericht (Federal Constitutional Court) handed down a decision in which it concluded that the restriction of freedom of movement for one clearly defined group of German citizens is constitutional. Pursuant to the Wohnortzuweisungsgesetz, or Residence Assignment Act, as amended in 1996,

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Khan, Muhammad, and Shabir Ahnmad Khan. "Peace in Afghanistan:." Central Asia 85, Winter (2020): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54418/ca-85.8.

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The year-2019, marked the 40 years of instability and chaos in Afghanistan, ever since it was invaded by former Soviet Union in December 1979. In the last forty years, the Afghan instability and conflict has been so transmissible that any peace plan, initiated even with sincerity got entombed into viscid domestic ambiguities, undesired regional rivalries and geopolitical interests of great powers. Owing to internal instability and frequent foreign invasions, there could not develop a cohesive national character within Afghanistan. Besides, there has been no institutional build-up and developme

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38

Pati, Dr Kailash, and Dr Abhishek Kumar Pandey. "Covid Pandemic as a Black Swan Event and Its Impact on World Economies with Special Reference to India." ADHYAYAN: A JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES 14, no. 01 (2024): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21567/adhyayan.v14i1.09.

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An event that is not predicted to occur or unexpected events are called black Swans. Such incidents leave an important impression on the economic, political and social sectors. All these events are mainly included under the event of Black Swan such as both World Wars, the fall of the Soviet Union, the rise of Islamic fundamentalists, 9/11,the impact of the spread of the Internet, and the 1987 and 2008 financial crises and Russia Ukraine war so on and so forth. COVID pandemic, which came in 2020, is also included under the phenomenon of Black Swan, about which no one had ever thought. Due to th

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Cheterian, Vicken. "Georgia's Rose Revolution: Change or Repetition? Tension between State-Building and Modernization Projects." Nationalities Papers 36, no. 4 (2008): 689–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990802230530.

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The wave of Colour Revolutions, which started in Serbia in the year 2000, and spread to Georgia, Ukraine, and Kyrgyzstan, has changed the existing concepts on how transformation would take form in countries exiting from “really existing socialism.” In the early years following the collapse of the Soviet state, the dominant concepts were that of “transition” or slow, top-down reforms that would transform the existing political systems from ruling-party dictatorships to parliamentary democracies, and planned economies to market-based ones. Yet in the late 1990s there was a growing fatigue and pe

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Okay Toprak, Aslı. "Evaluation of the Impact of Women’s Employment on GDP Using Seemingly Unrelated Regression." Hitit Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 18, no. 1 (2025): 170–86. https://doi.org/10.17218/hititsbd.1487352.

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This study analyzes the impact of women's employment rates on GDP in Hungary, Czechia, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, and Greece, which have different trends in women's employment in relation to their social structures compared with Western European countries. Although many structural reforms have been implemented in recent years to increase women's employment, the countries considered in this study have lower employment rates, gender inequalities, and interruptions in women's career processes due to gender roles more frequently than in Western European countries. Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Czech

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Stadniczenko, Olha, та Kateryna Tryma. "Проблема дітей-сиріт та небажаних дітей в соціально-політичному розвитку України: історична ретроспектива й сучасність". Studia Historica Gedanensia 15, № 1 (2024): 293–306. https://doi.org/10.4467/23916001hg.24.014.19529.

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Efficient socialization of orphans and unwanted children remains one of the pertinent social problems in modern Ukraine. Children raised in orphanages and boarding schools often struggle with socialization, finding it difficult to resolve conflicts that arise in their interactions with others, and they may exhibit more primitive forms of communication. This article explores the issue of orphanhood in Ukraine through a historical lens, demonstrating its enduring relevance throughout the country’s history, and they argue that successfully addressing this problem can have a positive impact on the

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Katarzyna Laskowska. "Criminological Aspects of Border Crime." Archives of Criminology, no. XXVI (May 5, 2002): 161–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7420/ak2001-2002f.

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In this study the author indicates the main problems that appeared in Poland as a result of the opening of borders after the transition to a new economic and political system launched in 1989. The list is headed by offenses committed by foreign nationals, smuggling activities, illegal crossing of frontiers, and population movements, especially from very low-income countries. Border crime is defined here as both illegal border crossing, customs and currency offenses, forgery of documents and crime againts institutions. Border crime can be examined in a large numer of aspects as offenses which e

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Matisovs, Ivars. "URBANIZATION PROCESSES AND ITS SPECIFICS IN LATGALE." Via Latgalica, no. 3 (December 31, 2010): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/latg2010.3.1679.

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<p>Urbanization is an important demo-geographical process and a complex social phenomenon under impact of which changes are made not only to the global, regional or national settlement systems, but all socio-economic processes are also substantially transformed. Changes caused by urbanization have an impact on traditional way of life, cultural particularity, community and individual psychology and other aspects of spiritual life, therefore expressions and regularities of this process might be of interest not only for demographers, geographers and economists, but also for representatives

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Begunovich, R. V. "Consolidation of the Right to Work in the Normative Legal Acts of East Germany in 1945–1990." Siberian Law Herald 2 (2023): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2071-8136.2023.2.3.

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The Constitutions of the states and provinces that were part of the Soviet occupation zone of Germany can be divided into two groups. The Constitutions of Saxony-Anhalt, Mecklenburg and Saxony included a section on basic rights, and also enshrined the right to work. In contrast, the Constitutions of Thuringia and Brandenburg contained neither a section on basic rights nor the right to work. While considering the period 1945-1949 attention should also be paid to the acts of both the Soviet Military Administration in Germany and the German authorities, which, among other things, were aimed at ov

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Bell, Colin, Joan Rockwell, Barry Barnes, et al. "Book Reviews: Craftways: On the Organization of Scholarly Work, Ancient Cultures of Conceit: British University Fiction in the Post-War Years, Theories of Collective Action: Downs, Olson and Hirsch, Solomonic Judgements: Studies in the Limitations of Rationality, Nuts and Bolts for the Social Sciences, Nature and Culture in Western Discourses, How Societies Remember, Governing the Soul: The Shaping of the Private Self, Interpretive Interactionism, Interpretive Biography, A Commitment to Campaign: A Sociological Study of CND, Symbols of Ideal Life: Social Documentary Photography in America 1890–1950, The Singing Bourgeois: Songs of (He Victorian Drawing Room and Parlour, The Indigenous Voice: Visions and Realities, South Asia, The Soviet Union: Party and Society, From Taylorism to Fordism: A Rational Madness, The Magic City: Unemployment in a Working-Class Community, The State and Education Policy." Sociological Review 38, no. 4 (1990): 778–822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1990.tb00939.x.

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Lugovskoy, R. A., and E. V. Mikhaylov. "Socio-Economic Analysis of the Proposal to Switch to a Four-Day Working Week in Russia." Economics and Management, no. 9 (November 7, 2019): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2019-9-60-66.

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The presented study analyzes the proposal of the Prime Minister of the Russian Federation D. A. Medvedev to switch to a four-day working week. In the context of the topic, the experience of dealing with this issue is examined, including international practices. A similar proposal was discussed by I.V. Stalin as far back as Soviet times, although in the context of switching to five- or six-hour working days, but only in 2019 did this issue become the subject of debate. In light of the pension reform, which has led to an increase in the retirement age in Russia, a number of experts believe that

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Armitage, Jack, Mike Neider, and Marina Shelaru. "Accounting Reform In The Republic Of Moldova." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 2, no. 4 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v2i4.3785.

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Many countries of the former Soviet Union, including Moldova, are facing the challenge of building a strong economy that will lead to long-term economic stability. Like other former Soviet States, Moldova has had to undertake a total transition from a planned economy to a market economy. Economic reform in Moldova has been a slow, painful process with high unemployment rates. During the past 10 years, Moldova has made significant economic reforms, but much is yet to be accomplished. The purpose of this paper is to examine the accounting reforms that have taken place in the Republic of Moldova

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Kuusi, Tero. "The Finnish Great Depression of the 1990s: reconciling theory and evidence." B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics 19, no. 2 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejm-2018-0026.

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Abstract This paper reconciles quantitative macroeconomic theory of the Finnish Great Depression and the empirical evidence. The main controversy is that the existing theoretical work assigns a larger role for the collapse of the trade with the Soviet Union than the empirical evidence would suggest. This paper argues that explaining the Finnish crisis warrants a model with involuntary unemployment, and that the collapse resulted mainly from increased financial constraints, not the Soviet trade collapse. While it has been argued and that a large Soviet-trade contribution would result from costl

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Caplinskas, S., and G. Likatavicius,. "Recent sharp rise in registered HIV infections in Lithuania." Weekly releases (1997–2007) 6, no. 26 (2002). http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esw.06.26.01939-en.

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A sharp rise in registered HIV infections has been detected in Lithuania after investigation of an outbreak affecting prisoners in a particular prison. Between January and May 2002, a total of 230 infections were registered (figure 1). After the first diagnosis of HIV infection in the country in 1988, the number of registered HIV infections increased gradually until the end of 2001. In contrast in the neighboring countries of Latvia and Estonia, totals of 2006 infections and 2396 infections respectively had been registered by 15 May 2002. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 199

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Margaryan, Andranik A. "Long-term Trends in Household Income and Consumer Spending in the Context of Changes in Inequality in the Republic of Armenia." Регион и мир / Region and the World, June 20, 2024, 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.58587/18292437-2024.3-128.

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Population wellfare, incomes and consumption, which generate the before -mentioned and it’s trends are relevant for any society. This circumstance is an important issue especially for countries with emerging markets, one of which is the Republic of Armenia. Immediately after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the radical-liberal reforms carried out in the 1990s, which were accompanied by the aggressive privatization of state property, the rapid liberalization of prices and the devaluation and pulverization of previously accumulated material and financial assets, led to mass unemployment and the

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