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1
Cleere, Henry. "The 1972 UNESCO World Heritage Convention." Heritage & Society 4, no. 2 (September 2011): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/hso.2011.4.2.173.
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MacKinnon, Richard. "Heritage Conservation, UNESCO and Intangible Cultural Heritage in Eastern Canada." Ethnologies 36, no. 1-2 (October 12, 2016): 383–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1037614ar.
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Since Canada has signed the UNESCO Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage of 1972, it has had some eighteen cultural and natural sites selected for the World Heritage List that represent internationally significant nature reserves and natural wonders, significant Canadian architectural history, important sites representing Canadian aboriginal culture and geological treasures of world-wide importance. These internationally significant sites have put Canada on the world stage in both the heritage conservation field and in the national and international tourism sector. What Canada has decided to inscribe on this list has had a major impact at the local, regional, national and international arenas. The author of this paper reflects on some of the ancillary guiding charters and conventions since the World Heritage Convention was implemented that have led to where we are today in the field of heritage conservation in Canada. He goes on to predict some areas where heritage conservation will be going in Canada in the near future. He argues that Canada could likewise have its rich intangible culture play a similarly significant role if the Canadian government signed the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage of 2003. Last, he discusses some of the recent developments in eastern Canada in intangible cultural heritage, conservation and the sustaining of traditions.
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Martin, Josh B. "Protecting Outstanding Underwater Cultural Heritage through the World Heritage Convention: The Titanic and Lusitania as World Heritage Sites." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 33, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 116–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-13301069.
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Abstract Despite growing recognition of the global value of underwater cultural heritage (uch), along with intensified international efforts to ensure its protection, the possibility of its inscription on the World Heritage List has never been comprehensively examined. Arguing that the unesco 2001 Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage (uch Convention) is insufficient alone to protect globally outstanding wrecks, such as the Titanic and the Lusitania, this article examines in detail the many legal and practical challenges involved with listing such sites under the World Heritage Convention. By reviewing key international agreements such as the uch Convention, World Heritage Convention, Law of the Sea Convention and the International Titanic Agreement, it draws the conclusion that it is the improved offshore management of uch—through ‘cultural’ marine protected areas operating under the framework of the uch Convention—which would open the possibility of nomination to the World Heritage List.
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Jang, Hanbyeol, and Jeremy Mennis. "The Role of Local Communities and Well-Being in UNESCO World Heritage Site Conservation: An Analysis of the Operational Guidelines, 1994–2019." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (June 25, 2021): 7144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137144.
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UNESCO’s world heritage program aims to protect sites of cultural and natural heritage worldwide. Issues of local communities and well-being have been given increasing attention by heritage conservation scholars, but a systemic review of UNESCO guidelines has not been performed. Here, we examine the evolution of the ‘Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention,’ documents representing the heritage conservation policies of UNESCO over the period 1994–2019. Using keyword analysis and document analysis, the findings show evidence of an increasing emphasis on local communities, growing primarily since 2005. However, the theme of well-being only first emerged in the operational guidelines in 2019. Political, economic, and environmental challenges idiosyncratic to specific places often complicate the role of local communities and well-being in heritage conservation priorities. Future research should investigate the potential implementation and implications of these changes for the guidelines at specific UNESCO world heritage sites.
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Stiefel, Barry Louis. "Rethinking and revaluating UNESCO World Heritage Sites." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 8, no. 1 (February 6, 2018): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-02-2017-0006.
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Purpose Having more than 1,000 sites on the World Heritage List raises questions regarding what world heritage means. The re-evaluation of heritage sites within the USA will be conducted as a case study, where similar issues of historical designation has taken place. Within recent decades there has emerged a policy of revisiting designations that occurred prior to 1990, when the nomination process was less rigorous. These re-evaluations do not necessarily remove the property from heritage designation, but the process has been valuable from a qualitative standpoint because a better understanding of significance has been achieved. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach Within recent decades there has emerged a policy of revisiting designations that occurred prior to 1990 in the USA, when the nomination process was less rigorous. Should a similar approach or policy be made to the properties placed on the World Heritage List during the first decades, since the expectations for demonstrating outstanding universal value have since increased? The result could be that we end up with a more robust World Heritage List that provides a better definition of what the common heritage of humanity is. Findings The way we approach and conceptualize World Heritage needs to evolve accordingly, considering how much it has evolved since the Convention in 1972. The experiences of re-evaluating historic places in the USA since the 1990s has much to offer. Research limitations/implications Only the perspective of the USA is given, as a case study. Contributions from practitioners in other countries experienced in heritage site re-evaluation best practices would be meaningful. Practical implications Re-evaluating World Heritage Sites is something to consider as a management prospect for places on or under consideration for the World Heritage List since it could bring a more comprehensive understanding of outstanding universal value. This type of re-evaluation may help in addressing the meaning of place(s), contextualization of multiple locations of common heritage, and the political elitism of the World Heritage List, where some countries are over represented due to sites listed through a less-experienced process from earlier decades. Social implications Revisiting the World Heritage List in respect to policy and the meaning of world heritage may be in order. For example, should every nation be entitled to list at least one property to the list regardless of its heritage value? Originality/value Since the 1970s, coinciding with the establishment of the World Heritage List through the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, the USA has dealt with dynamic and complex logistical problems regarding the recognition and interpretation of its cultural heritage.
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Roders, Anna Pereira, and Anna Beatriz Grigolon. "UNESCO TO BLAME: Reality or Easy Escape?" International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 9, no. 1 (March 19, 2015): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v9i1.681.
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“UNESCO to blame” is a trend often observed in scholarly works. In those studies UNESCO is accused to privilege Eurocentric standards on heritage conservation. Is this reality or an easy escape? Can this trend be noted in other UNESCO reference texts? This article seeks to answer this question by studying the two main inscription-based conventions and their contribution to heritage management, while performing a data analysis on the countries behind these conventions, and their roles over time. The 1972 World Heritage Convention and the 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage are, therefore, taken as case studies. Based on the results, this paper elaborates on a critical analysis, distinguishing what UNESCO, as well as, Europe can eventually be blamed for and what may be used by the countries as an easy escape. This paper ends setting a research agenda to raise awareness and generate factual knowledge on the role of supranational governance in setting standards in global ethics, in particular, to guideline heritage conservation.
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Hill, Emma C., Máiréad Nic Craith, and Cristina Clopot. "At the Limits of Cultural Heritage Rights? The Glasgow Bajuni Campaign and the UK Immigration System: A Case Study." International Journal of Cultural Property 25, no. 1 (February 2018): 35–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739118000024.
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Abstract:In 2003, the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage (UNESCO ICH Convention) formalized provision for forms of heritage not solely rooted in the material world. This expanded the scope and accessibility of cultural heritage rights for communities and groups. To much commentary and critique, the United Kingdom (UK) infamously decided not to ratify the UNESCO ICH Convention. This article examines the implications of the UK’s decision not to ratify the Convention for the cultural heritage and human rights of an asylum-seeking group in Glasgow, Scotland, namely, the Glasgow Bajuni campaigners, members of a minority Somali clan. Based on participatory ethnographic fieldwork with the group and analysis of their asylum cases, this article makes two observations: first, that the UK’s absence from the Convention establishes a precedent in which other state actors (that is, immigration authorities) are emboldened to advance skepticism over matters involving intangible cultural heritage and, second, that despite this, limitations in current provisions in the UNESCO ICH Convention would provide the group with little additional protection than they currently have. Developing these observations, we critique current UK approaches to intangible cultural heritage as complicit in the maintenance of hierarchies and the border. Finally, we consider the extent to which the current provisions of the UNESCO ICH Convention might be improved to include migrant and asylum-seeking groups.
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Rodwell, Dennis. "The Unesco World Heritage Convention, 1972–2012: Reflections and Directions." Historic Environment: Policy & Practice 3, no. 1 (June 2012): 64–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1756750512z.0000000004.
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Boylan, Patrick J. "Geological site designation under the 1972 UNESCO World Heritage Convention." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 300, no. 1 (2008): 279–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp300.22.
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Krivošejev, Vladimir. "To inherit heritage or to inherit inheritance?" Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 10, no. 2 (February 28, 2016): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v10i2.7.
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The Republic of Serbia is one of the few, if not the only country in the world that, at ratification and translation of the term „baština“– heritage which appears in two significant and related international conventions of UNESCO, used different terms: „baština“– „heritage“, with regard to the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, and „nasledje“ –inheritance in the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. One of the reasons for the subsequent rejection of the term heritage could lay in the opinion that it was the case of (end of 20th and beginning of the 21st century) political bureaucratic introduction of an old, forgotten word, which also contains the notion of gender incorrectness based on pointing out the inheritance through the male line, which could be in conflict with international law. The views expressed in this paper suggest the unsustainability of these claims, as well as greater suitability of the term „baština“– heritage. Namely, the ratification of the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage was done as early as in 1974, and since then the term „baština“– heritage was used, its new introduction into use on the basis of recent daily political aspirations cannot be the case. At the same time inheritance through the male line is encountered with the use of the Latin word „patrimonium“, which is the basis for the terms used in the official translation of the UNESCO-listed conventions in French and Spanish: „patrimoine“ and „patrimonio“ (and other Roman languages) so that the use of the term „baština“ –heritage cannot be a violation of international legal norms. Finally, bearing in mind the fact that, in general, use of languages is impossible to achieve complete gender purism, it is necessary to emphasize that in contrast to the term „nasledje“ – inheritance, the term „baština“ – heritage is more suitable for use in Serbian language when it comes to the concept of inheritance, preservation and transmission of universal values promoted by the UNESCO Convention, as well as for translating the notion of heritage science.
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Sidorenko, Anna P. "The UNESCO Thematic Initiative on Astronomy and World Heritage." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S260 (January 2009): 494–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311002730.
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AbstractProperties with a relationship to science are amongst the least represented on the UNESCO World Heritage List and the values of these properties, located in all the regions of the world, are not sufficiently recognised. The UNESCO and IAU encourage the States Parties to the World Heritage Convention to actively participate in the development and implementation of the Thematic Initiative “Astronomy and World Heritage” aiming to provide an opportunity to identify the properties connected with astronomy and for keeping their memory alive and preserving them from progressive deterioration, through the inscription of the most representative properties on the World Heritage List.
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Beretić, Nađa, Valentina Talu, and Arnaldo Cecchini. "Emergency-Proof Tourism: The Heritage of Industrial Archaeology in Internal Areas as a Potential for a Sustainable Tourism." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (April 1, 2021): 3911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073911.
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Suryandari, Dwirahmi. "On the Pursue of World Heritage Status: Conservation vs Tourism." Digital Press Social Sciences and Humanities 4 (2020): 00005. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/digitalpress.44352.
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In the past few years, UNESCO World Heritage status has become more popular in Indonesia. Many cities are trying to get their sites inscribed on this prestigious list. This ambition has made some city governments take major efforts in revitalizing their heritage sites. Semarang with its famous Old Town -formerly a trading hub during the Dutch colonial period, is jumping on the bandwagon. UNESCO World Heritage is based on the 1972 Convention which accompanied by its operational guidelines. This convention set the standards on what kind of site could be listed as a world heritage and how a state party should manage and nominate their property accordingly. Critics have argued that the standards are Eurocentric, both in terms of the site selection and the management. In a developing country like Indonesia, heritage preservation has its own discourse. People were skeptical about the benefit of preserving heritage mainly because it seemed to only entertain the needs of the elites, professionals, and academics. That is why the approach towards heritage preservation in a city like Semarang has shifted to become more populist, which apparently has its backlash. The approach strives to preserve heritage sites and buildings while at the same time provide social and economic advantages for the community through tourism. However, this approach has turned heritage conservation into careless beautification projects that might have gone too far from UNESCO standards for world heritage. This paper will answer why it seems unrealistic to pursue this title considering the ongoing social and economic issues. It will also tell what heritage preservation practice and policy are lacking thus making the site management failed to meet the standards of the 1972 Convention. In a broader sense, this paper will examine what are the odds and challenges for developing countries in nominating their sites as World Heritage, especially in the era of mass tourism.
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Cotte, Michel. "How can UNESCO World Heritage Criteria be applied to the “Windows to the Universe” Sites?" Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, A29A (August 2015): 121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392131600257x.
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AbstractThis communication proposes a methodical approach trying to link the concept of “Windows to the Universe” to the uses of the Criteria defined by the World Heritage Convention (UNESCO 1972). The first issue is well advanced today after more than 10 years of active studies and preservation projects such as “Starlight Reserves” by specialists of astronomy, archaeoastronomy and environmental sciences. The second issue is related to a UNESCO Convention ruled by the WH Committee that has led to the recognition of around 1000 World Heritage sites over 40 years. The official booklet Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention (latest edition 2015) (UNESCO 2015) summarizes conceptual ideas and methodological recommendations for WH nominations. In practice the WH Committee's decisions rely on the scientific and professional evaluation of each site by UNESCO's advisory bodies: ICOMOS for cultural heritage and IUCN for natural heritage.The first goal of this presentation is to establish appropriate understanding of a very specific conceptual approach (Windows to the Universe) in the context of a very large UN Convention (the World Heritage List) related both to cultural and natural heritage in general. The second goal is to give a readable understanding of the WH requirements coming from the strict evaluation of the “Outstanding Universal Value” (OUV) of a given place, including the choice of WH Criteria expressing OUV with respect to the format of the Guidelines. Furthermore, and due to concepts coming from two very different fields, the communication aims to present a practical methodology in the case of a possible WH nomination: how to understand relationships between different classes of value and how to demonstrate OUV and justify the choice of Criteria for the place. Beyond potential WH projects, obviously limited in number, the communication tries to propose an efficient and general methodology for assessing the value and creating understanding of places having a “Windows to the Universe” facet.
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Brumann, Christoph. "Shifting tides of world-making in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention: cosmopolitanisms colliding." Ethnic and Racial Studies 37, no. 12 (August 14, 2014): 2176–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2014.934261.
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Ratajski, Sławomir. "IDEE I ZAŁOŻENIA KONWENCJI O OCHRONIE DZIEDZICTWA KULTURALNEGO I NATURALNEGO I ICH REALIZACJA W POLSCE Z PERSPEKTYWY POLSKIEGO KOMITETU DO SPRAW UNESCO." Protection of Cultural Heritage, no. 4 (November 29, 2017): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24358/odk_2017_04_11.
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Over the years, the implementation of the Convention in Poland has revealed a number of issues related to protection of heritage in line with the patterns worked out at the UNESCO forum, and resulting from the incomplete adaptation of our legal system for the protection of historic monuments and sites, insufficient public awareness and the difficulty of incorporating historical sites into modern economic development strategies. The Polish UNESCO Committee addressed the above issues with a series of papers accompanying conferences participated in by a wide range of experts, decision-makers and local government activists at various levels. Observations concerning the application of the 1972 Convention, in particular with regard to legal protection of the world heritage sites in Poland, and the need to implement the 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, and the 2011 UNESCO Recommendations on the Historical Urban Landscape, have convinced the Committee to review Polish legislation in terms of protection of heritage from the perspective of the UNESCO normative acts ratified by Poland. In 2014, we published a study on “Why and how to protect the cultural heritage ina modern way,” edited by the then-Chairman of the Polish UNESCO Committee, profesor Andrzej Rottermund. The paper presented a wide range of conditions for application of the existing legal provisions and expected changes, provided by various institutions and experts in the field of protection of tangible and intangible heritage and respect for cultural diversity. The need to developa new comprehensive law regulating protection of cultural heritage in Poland and taking into account the provisions of the UNESCO Convention was emphasised. What is particularly grave in application of the principles of the 1972 Convention is the lack of appropriate tools for managing world heritage sites. This includes, in particular: lack of legislation that would effectively protect the borderlines of the properties being inscribed and their buffer zones, view corridors and panoramas of sites of great historical significance. The lack of proper inclusion of local communities in the heritage management processes is a significant issue, according to the message of the 2005 Faro Council of Europe Framework Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society.Article entitled “The Social Dimension of the Cultural and Natural Landscape”, issued in 2015, discusses issues concerning immediate vicinity of properties of great historical significance. It is stated that landscape is an integral entity consisting of natural elements and cultural heritage, which is understood as both tangible and intangible heritage. Consideration should be given to how notions occurring at the UNESCO forum evolved. Particular attention should be also paid to shifting from the concept of a historic monument to the concept of heritage, and the concept of historic monument protection to the concept of heritage management. It is also important to take into account the need for sustainable protection of the natural and cultural values of landscapes, both urban and rural.
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Beidyk, O., and B. Semenko. "NATIONAL AND WORLD HERITAGE AS A FACTOR OF DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL TOURISM." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, no. 72 (2018): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2018.72.11.
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The article analyzes the hierarchy of fundamental world recreational and tourist resources. The qualitative-quantitative characteristics, the spatial distribution of UNESCO objects and the systematized data are presented. The structure of the UNESCO World Heritage sites is analyzed. Created schematic map of the structure and territorial distribution of UNESCO World Heritage sites in Ukraine. The advantages obtained by states when making their objects to the list of UNESCO World Heritage sites are established. It is indicated that it contributes to the organization of monitoring and control of the state of conservation of natural and cultural objects. It is emphasized that UNESCO objects fall into the tourist guides of the world, and hence to the proposed routes of travel agencies. The factors that determine the presence of UNESCO objects in the country were analyzed. The geographic distribution of UNESCO World Heritage sites in the world and Ukraine is analyzed. The geographical distribution of the objects “Seven Wonders of Ukraine”, which were selected during the all-Ukrainian contest, was highlighted. An analysis of UNESCO World Heritage sites in Ukraine was conducted, their preliminary list. The attention is focused on the fact that the entry into the national list of intangible heritage in Ukraine is a necessary step for the objects to obtain the status of the “intangible heritage of UNESCO. The objects, which are included in the national list of intangible heritage in Ukraine, are analyzed. The map “The most significant recreational and tourist resources of Ukraine” was developed. It is noted that four of the seven Ukrainian objects of the UNESCO World Heritage Site are entirely within the territory of Ukraine. The remaining 3 objects are partly in the territory of other states. It was indicated that during the time of cooperation with the Organization Ukraine initiated many international programs and projects. Seven Ukrainian cultural-architectural and natural objects are listed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. It is noted that the large volume of quantitative and qualitative data obtained when selecting UNESCO objects contributes to the formation of informed cultural policies and the integration of culture in the development strategy, thereby contributing to the implementation of the UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions. The analysis made it possible to establish that the largest number of UNESCO World Heritage sites is concentrated in the European macroregion, thus Ukrainian entities that are part of the UNESCO World Heritage have to withstand significant competition in attracting international tourist flows. It is stated that the Asian market has the world’s largest tourism industry, and the number of objects of the World Heritage is second only to Europe.
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Belekova, А. "NESCO World Heritage Sites as a key for intercultural dialogue, humanist ideals and interfaith harmony." Transbaikal State University Journal 27, no. 2 (2021): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/2227-9245-2021-27-2-74-82.
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The article focuses on promoting intercultural cooperation and strengthening international community on the example of UNESCO World Heritage sites, inscribed into the World Heritage List that is being formed on the basis of the World Heritage Convention of 1972. UNESCO is a universal intergovernmental UN structure responsible for international cooperation in the sphere of education, science, culture and communication. One of the main activities of the Organization is the world heritage conservation and intercultural dialogue. The article analyzes the UNESCO role in the geopolitical architectonics of Eurasia in which the World Heritage gains a qualitatively new meaning. In the context of a sustainable development the integration of promoting intercultural interaction and heritage safeguarding becomes particularly urgent. The article deals with several initiatives aimed at enhancing the cultural component of the Eurasian integration, including the goals and perspectives of discussion platforms set up for experience exchange in the sphere of World Heritage sites’ conservation and their management. The article seeks to identify the most important challenges and goals of the cooperation strategy between UNESCO and the institutions concerned in the field of the intercultural dialogue promotion in the Eurasian area that seems to be very important both for Russia and the CIS countries, and for the perspectives of the emerging global civilization of the future
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Ray, Himanshu Prabha. "Culture and Diplomacy: Maritime Cultural Heritage of the Western Indian Ocean." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 76, no. 3 (September 2020): 375–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974928420936112.
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The article argues that UNESCO’s 1972 World Heritage Convention provides a global platform for projecting not only India’s maritime cultural heritage but also building bridges and collaborative networks with other Indian Ocean littoral countries for the promotion of shared cultural practices and traditional knowledge systems of the Indian Ocean. Unfortunately, this collaborative research aspect of the World Heritage Convention has yet to be tapped for nominating and inscribing transnational heritage or cultural routes across the Ocean. This is despite the fact that India was the founder member of the intergovernmental organisation, Indian Ocean Rim Association, one of whose thrust areas relates to promoting cultural heritage on the UNESCO platform. Given India’s rich maritime past, there is an urgent need to implement measures to establish academic networks with littoral countries for not only creating awareness of the maritime cultural heritage of the Indian Ocean but also harnessing linkages between maritime communities for building a culturally diverse but harmonious future.
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Blake, Janet. "On Defining the Cultural Heritage." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 49, no. 1 (January 2000): 61–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002058930006396x.
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Examples can be found from ancient times of concern for the protection of cultural artefacts and early legislation to protect monuments and works of art first appeared in Europe in the 15th century. Cultural heritage was first addressed in international law in 1907 and a body of international treaties and texts for its protection has been developed by UNESCO and other intergovernmental organisations since the 1950's. The 1954 Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict of UNESCO (henceforth the “Hague Convention”) is the earliest of these modern international texts and was developed in great part in response to the destruction and looting of monuments and works of art during the Second World War. It grew out of a feeling that action to prevent their deterioration or destruction was one responsibility of the emerging international world order and an element in reconciliation and the prevention of future conflicts. International law relating to the protection of cultural heritage thus began with comparatively narrow objectives, the protection of cultural property in time of war.
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Lincicome, Mark. "The UNESCO World Heritage Convention and Japan’s Pursuit of International Cultural Legitimacy." Japanese Studies 40, no. 1 (November 3, 2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10371397.2019.1679022.
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Meskell, Lynn. "UNESCO’s World Heritage Convention at 40." Current Anthropology 54, no. 4 (August 2013): 483–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/671136.
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Pilkevych, Viktoriia. "Cultural and Natural Sites of Europe According to UNESCO List of World Heritage in Danger." European Historical Studies, no. 12 (2019): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2019.12.125-135.
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The author studies UNESCO’s activities in the cultural sphere, especially the protection and preservation of cultural heritage around the world. There is World Heritage List. Sites must be of outstanding universal value and meet the special criteria to be included on this List. Countries are trying to include their cultural objects for protection. Cultural heritage is architectural works, works of monumental sculpture and painting, elements or structures of an archaeological nature groups of buildings which are of outstanding universal value. The World Heritage Committee is responsible for the implementation of the World Heritage Convention («Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage»,1972), gives financial assistance and decides on the listing or deletion of properties in the List of World Heritage in Danger. The List of World Heritage in Danger informs the international community of threat and to encourage corrective action. Special attention was given to European cultural and natural sites which are in this list. These are sites in Serbia (Medieval Monuments in Kosovo (2006)), United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (Liverpool – Maritime Mercantile City (2012)), Austria (Historic Centre of Vienna (2017)). This article focuses on the reasons for listing in the List of World Heritage in Danger (different conflicts, war, natural disasters, pollution, poaching, uncontrolled urbanization, tourist development etc.). Author outlines problems of protection world cultural heritage that need to be solved in the future. International community can help in this problem because each site in World Heritage List has outstanding universal value in our life. The author emphasizes on high importance of cultural sphere of the UNESCO’s activities.
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Gfeller, Aurélie Elisa. "Negotiating the meaning of global heritage: ‘cultural landscapes’ in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, 1972–92." Journal of Global History 8, no. 3 (October 2, 2013): 483–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022813000387.
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AbstractThis article offers new historical analysis of global heritage by tracking the evolution of heritage concepts. Specifically, it analyses the introduction of the category of ‘cultural landscapes’ in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention in 1992, using it as a lens through which to view the process of international (re)negotiation of the meaning of heritage. It shows that this reform resulted from the cooperation of competing actors – including experts, non-governmental organizations, and governments – that harboured different visions of culture and nature and their interrelationship. It also demonstrates that the recognition of cultural landscapes as a heritage category marked the new assertiveness of actors from post-settler states in North America and Oceania, as opposed to Europe, which had dominated global heritage until that point.
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Ribić, Vladimir, and Nataša Mladenović-Ribić. "Serbian Traditional Singing between intangible Cultural Heritage and World Music." Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 9, no. 4 (February 26, 2016): 941. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v9i4.7.
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The UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003) leaves the protection and identity determination of intangible cultural heritage to the nation-states. On the other hand, world music audience is interested primarily in identity self-determination of the performers. Because of this, world music phenomenon enables safeguarding and international promotion of Serbian traditional singing independently of cultural policies at the national and international level.
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Sadowski, Mirosław M. "Urban Cultural Heritage: Managing and Preserving a Local Global Common in the Twenty-first Century." Journal of Heritage Management 2, no. 2 (December 2017): 125–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455929617738454.
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As we approach the end of the second decade of the twenty-first century—at the moment when more people live in the cities than anywhere else—there comes a time to ponder on the role and the condition of urban cultural heritage. In times of growth, urbanization and rapid development, the city may be described as a modern battlefield of cultural heritage protection, often faced with the choice between protection and conservation, or destruction and redevelopment. This article seeks to analyse the means of protection of urban cultural heritage—a common, which is local (it takes a vital part in the creation of identity) and global (it is a part of a universal heritage) at the same time—in the international law, and to look into ways of its successful management. The first part of the article looks at the concept of the urban cultural heritage, and the second part examines the two main UNESCO conventions concerning cultural heritage protection, namely, Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage and Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, to establish whether or not they are successful tools in protecting the urban cultural heritage. The third part focuses on analysing a new approach towards urban cultural heritage advocated by UNESCO, based on the 2011 recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL), giving examples of its successful (Amsterdam, Ballarat, Cuenca) and unsuccessful application (Stockholm, Hong Kong, Macau). In the fourth part, the author suggests ways of effective governance of the urban cultural heritage in the twenty-first century, from the viewpoint of sustainable urban development, focusing on the role of cultural heritage in the city’s growth, and in the creation of identity and collective memories. The concluding part of the article seeks for an answer to the question of a need for a new UNESCO convention.
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Khalaf, Roha W. "The Implementation of the UNESCO World Heritage Convention: Continuity and Compatibility as Qualifying Conditions of Integrity." Heritage 3, no. 2 (May 28, 2020): 384–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage3020023.
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This article explores the nexus between integrity, continuity, and compatibility (compatible change) in the implementation of the UNESCO World Heritage Convention. Integrity is a measure by which the Advisory Bodies, namely the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), evaluate nominations of cultural and/or natural properties to determine whether they qualify for inscription on the World Heritage List. Yet, its application remains unclear as presently worded in the Operational Guidelines. This article argues that continuity and compatibility should become qualifying conditions of integrity. Together, they can maintain wholeness, maintain intactness, and prevent adverse effects of development and/or neglect (Paragraph 88(a)(b)(c)) to keep properties in a good state of conservation, to sustain their cultural-natural significance including Outstanding Universal Value, and to enable sustainable development. This is an alternative conceptual and operational framework for nomination, evaluation, protection and management that bridges the culture/nature divide. If adopted, the “system of collective protection of the cultural and natural heritage of Outstanding Universal Value” established by the Convention would become more credible, practical, and effective. This article, therefore, contributes to World Heritage policy formulation and to a fruitful international exchange of ideas.
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Zacharias, Diana. "The UNESCO Regime for the Protection of World Heritage as Prototype of an Autonomy-Gaining International Institution." German Law Journal 9, no. 11 (November 1, 2008): 1833–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200000675.
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The Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (World Heritage Convention), which entered into force on 17 December 1975, established a complex governance regime at the international level. The rationale behind the establishment of this regime was the international communities' realization that the world contained natural and cultural sites which were so unique and outstanding that they should by no means become embroiled in the onslaught of human material progress. It was argued that these sites must be protected and conserved for posterity since they, irrespective of the territory in which they were located, belonged to all peoples and, thus, formed part of the common heritage of mankind. Although the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) regime for the protection of World Heritage is seemingly afforded with weak instruments, such as the inscription of properties on the World Heritage List or on the List of World Heritage in Danger, its activities increasingly play a role, not least in national administrative procedures. The cases of Yellowstone National Park in the United States, Cologne Cathedral and Dresden Elbe Valley in Germany, and Kakadu National Park in Australia are only a few examples in this regard.
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Archibald, Diane. "Indigenous Cultural Heritage: Developing New Approaches and Best Practices for World Heritage Based on Indigenous Perspectives and Values." Protection of Cultural Heritage, no. 9 (December 4, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/odk.2084.
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In support of advancing the recognition and inclusion of Indigenous Cultural Heritage in all its diverse forms within the UNESCO World Heritage Convention and World Heritage Site designations, this paper documents and discusses the presentations, Indigenous-led Forum, and recommendations and outcomes of the International Conference on Indigenous Cultural Heritage organized by the ICOMOS International Scientific Committee on Theory and Philosophy of Restoration and Conservation in partnership with the First Nations House of Learning, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, in November 2019.
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Kowalski, Wojciech. "MIEJSCA PAMIĘCI NA TLE UNESCO 1972 WORLD HERITAGE CONVENTION ORAZ KRYTERIUM VI WYTYCZNYCH OPERACYJNYCH JEJ STOSOWANIA." Protection of Cultural Heritage, no. 4 (November 29, 2017): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24358/odk_2017_04_14.
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Author argues that places of memory can be protected under 1972 UNESCO World Heritage Convention as definition of heritage (art. 1) encompasses „historical value” criterion in relation to all elements of this heritage, namely to monuments, groups of buildings and sites. Such thesis is strongly supported by practical application of criterion VI of Operational Guidelines by World Heritage Committee. Almost all monuments and sites inscribed on the World Heritage List under this criterion are to maintain memory of important events, beliefs, ideas etc. Intangible component was therefore a basis of these inscriptions although presence of material component as “a witness” was also important. It is however specially interesting to note that the Auschwitz Birkenau German Nazi Concentration Camp (1940-1945) was inscribed as the only one symbol of Holocaust what was underlined by the condition that no other such monuments would be inscribed in the future. It seems clear that by this fact the new principle of „symbolic representation” was adopted by Committee. The problem is that such principle has no legal basis, in particular it cannot be found in the 1972 Convention and for this reason decision establishing it is not binding for future inscriptions. Taking into account delicate and sometimes even political nature of inscription of some places of memory it seems reasonable that already existing practice of „serial inscriptions” can be adopted as a solution in cases of similar sites. It should make possible to leave apart the policy of „symbolic representation” as not only legally defective but leading also to situation where several places of memory of universal importance for whole humanity will stay without any legal protection.
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Belekova, Aysur. "The Growing Role and Responsibilities of UNESCO in the Field of Preserving Historic and Cultural Heritage." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences 2021, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2021-6-1-1-9.
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UNESCO is the world's largest intergovernmental forum on humanitarian cooperation and offers an alternative way of maintaining bonds among nations. The article examines its growing role and responsibility in the protection and preservation of cultural and historic monuments. The research objective was to determine the role of UNESCO in preserving such monuments, developing measures for their protection, and sustaining historical truth. The research methods included a system-based analysis with its functional and empiric methods. The system-based analysis made it possible to consider interrelated aspects of UNESCO's functioning, approach the matter as a range of problems within a single process, and identify the basic characteristics of UNESCO's policy evolution in the sphere of world heritage conservation. The research also used achievements of political science, diplomacy, history, and international relations. The approach also allowed the author to examine the main tools used by UNESCO, as well as to highlight its current priorities and directions. To analyze the political reality, the author employed such empirical methods as monitoring and study of documents. The author focused on the matters of international cooperation and mutual responsibility of the members the UNESCO World Heritage Convention. The research attempted to identify the most important tasks of Russia in this direction. In the current challenging context, UNESCO has to find a conceptual niche and respond without compromise to any attempts to destroy its basic principles or to politicize its work.
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Shirvani Dastgerdi, Ahmadreza, and Giuseppe De Luca. "THE RIDDLES OF HISTORIC URBAN QUARTERS INSCRIPTION ON THE UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE LIST." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 12, no. 1 (March 29, 2018): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v12i1.1315.
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The inscription of historic urban quarters on the World Heritage List can be considered as a double-edged sword. On the one hand, UNESCO's Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention has been introduced as the most effective international instrument for the conservation and sustainable development of cultural heritage. On the other hand, many researchers have been discussing the many problems faced by the World Heritage Sites. This descriptive-analytic study aims to examine the effects of the inscription of historic urban quarters on the World Heritage List on the conservation and sustainable development of these sites. The research population consisted of 36 university professors, experts of cultural heritage and UNESCO experts. The measurement tool was a questionnaire with 34 questions that examined the factors affecting inscription on the World Heritage List by four indicators, including conservation, facilities, cultural sustainability and economic sustainability, in the form of a SWOT model using the Delphi method. Data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results of the study showed protection of the cultural heritage against unnatural hazards as the most important positive point; the threat to the local community life due to tourist crowds as the most important disadvantage; increased investment in the historical context as the best opportunity; and a weak recognition of the tastes of foreign tourists as the most important threat. Also, in prioritization of the indicators, indicators of conservation and cultural sustainability were more effective than others.
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Chapagain, Neel Kamal. "Inscription of the Old City of Ahmedabad in the World Heritage List: Observations on the 41st Session of World Heritage Committee Meeting." Journal of Heritage Management 2, no. 1 (June 2017): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455929617732197.
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The Old City of Ahmedabad was inscribed in the list of World Heritage Sites (UNESCO) at the 41st session of the World Heritage Committee in Poland in July 8, 2017. Though the ICOMOS evaluation and the draft decision prior to the session had it ‘deferred’, the committee discussed an amended draft decision and unanimously voted to inscribe the property onto the World Heritage List. This is an immediate reflection on the observations of the session proceedings (webcasted live and watched by author). I argue that a non-rigorous process of nomination – pursued through other forms of negotiation avoiding the recommendations of technical evaluation, may raise questions about the relevance of ICOMOS evaluation process and the credentials of the World Heritage Convention.
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Gábor Kerékgyártó. "Cultural landscape on the border: érmellék." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 49 (November 13, 2012): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/49/2524.
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Cultural landscapes are haunting topic of the european spatial development. Cultural landscapes as cultural heritage determine the local and regional identity. The study shows the role and the significance of the cultural landscape by the help of UNESCO World Heritage Convention, the European Spatial Development Perspective and the European Landscape Convention. The article speaks about how can we maintain and develop cross border landscapes and cultural landscapes and through introducing Érmellék it would like to draw attention to the fact that landscape level planning and development of common landscape politics are one of the main interests of Hungary. That kind of politics play an important role not only in maintaining landscapes but in the regional economic development.
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Michałowski, Andrzej. "KRAJOBRAZ KULTUROWY NA LIŚCIE ŚWIATOWEGO DZIEDZICTWA – POLSKIE DOŚWIADCZENIA." Protection of Cultural Heritage, no. 4 (November 29, 2017): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24358/odk_2017_04_03.
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The central organisation around which Polish cooperation with UNESCO on implementing the World Heritage Convention has been concentrated from the beginning is the Polish National Committee ICOMOS.The cooperation has been organised by institutions and people connected in some way with the Committee. Specialised institutions were gradually joining the cooperation. One example of such measures was the appointment of the Board of Historical Gardens and Palaces Conservation, transformed subsequently into the Centre for the Protection of Historic Landscape in Warsaw. A „garden” conservation society has gathered around this institution, composed of art historians, landscape architects, architects and gardeners. They have been carrying out interdisciplinary works concerning historic gardens and cultural landscapes in Poland. Their cooperation with the Polish National Committee ICOMOS andthe International Committee of Historic Gardens and Sites ICOMOS – IFLA was connected with the activities of UNESCO. Major activities of the Centre include: valuation and assessment of cultural landscapes for the World Heritage List; drawing up, in collaboration with the Fürst-Pückler-Park Bad Muskau Foundation, an application for the inscription of Park Muskau in the UNESCO World Heritage List; organisation of international conference: „The Regional Expert Meeting on Cultural Landscapes in Eastern Europe” in Białystok in 1999 at the request of WHC UNESCO; organisation of international conference „Cemetery Art” in 1993 at the request of WHC UNESCO, along with accompanying exhibitions concerning specific issues, organised by the Board of Historical Gardens and Palaces Conservation in Warsaw.
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Doempke, Stephan. "Stephan Doempke, World Heritage Watch: Strategic Goals, Achievements and Challenges after Four Years." 2 8, no. 2 (December 7, 2020): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37710/plural.v8i2_6.
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The World Heritage Committee routinely receives information about the state of conservation of WH properties from State Parties or ICOMOS orIUCN mission reports. While State Party Reports are often incomplete, outdated or even incorrect, Advisory Missions suffer from being too short and understaffed in order to fully grasp the local situation. The author will show that the observations of civil society must be brought in as checks and balances to let the WH Committee have a full understanding of the dynamics that affect World Heritage Properties. For many years, UNESCO has been requiring the participation of local communities in all procedures of the World Heritage Convention - from tentative lists and nominations to management and monitoring.
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Mustafa, Behxhet, Avni Hajdari, Valmir Mustafa, and Bledar Pulaj. "Natural Heritage in the Republic of Kosovo: Looking for Potential UNESCO Sites." Landscape Online 63 (October 19, 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3097/lo.201863.
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In addition to cultural heritage values, Kosovo is characterised by natural heritage values; these values identify different areas in Kosovo as potential sites for protection under UNESCO’s Man and Biosphere (MAB) program and the Convention Concerning the Protection of Cultural and Natural Heritage. These natural values (i.e. geomorphological, hydrological, biodiversity- and ecosystem-related) are found mainly in the massifs of Kosovo’s four mountain ranges, i.e. the Sharr Mountains, the Bjeshket e Nemuna (Albanian Alps), the Koritnik Mountains, and the Pashtrik Mountains. These regions provide the largest number of potential sites for nomination to the World Heritage List or the MAB program.Of the natural heritage values, 19 geomorphological areas of international importance were identified; additionally, 3 areas had regional (Balkan) importance, and 19 sites were caves. Furthermore, 152 glacial and nival lakes and a bifurcation (i.e. hydrological values), approximately 200 species and subspecies that are endemic to the Balkans, 8 locally endemic, 9 endemic and endemic-relict plant associations and 1 endemic animal species (i.e. biodiversity values), and ancient Beech forests (i.e. ecosystem values) were considered for conservation.Consideration of the above mentioned areas for protection under UNESCO would provide a legal framework for the protection of natural and cultural values in Kosovo as well as support their sustainable development.Additionally, protecting these areas would promote the development of environmental and educational projects and training as well as the research and monitoring of issues related to nature conservation and sustainable development at local, regional and international levels.
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Larsen, Peter Bille, and Kristal Buckley. "Approaching Human Rights at the World Heritage Committee: Capturing Situated Conversations, Complexity, and Dynamism in Global Heritage Processes." International Journal of Cultural Property 25, no. 1 (February 2018): 85–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739118000048.
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Abstract:Social scientists are increasingly approaching the World Heritage Committee itself as an entry-point to understanding global heritage processes and phenomena. This article explores the subject of human rights in the operations of the World Heritage Committee—the decision-making body established by the 1972 UNESCO World Heritage Convention. It seeks to address the epistemological and methodological implications of approaching the World Heritage Committee as a point of departure for understanding global heritage and rights dynamics. It builds on an “event ethnography” undertaken by the authors to understand how rights discourse appeared in multiple contexts during the Thirty-Ninth World Heritage Committee session held in Bonn, Germany, in June 2015.In this article, we discuss the methodological and ontological implications of studying rights discourses in the context of World Heritage events and processes. We have a particular interest in the interplay of formal and informal dynamics, revealing the entangled and multi-sited processes that shape and are shaped by the annual event. While much of the debate and analysis in heritage studies is understandably concerned with formal decision-making processes and position-taking, this work demonstrates the significance of a range of informal dynamics in appreciating future possibilities.
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Gaskell, Nicholas, and Sarah Dromgoole. "Draft UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural I Heritage 1998." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 14, no. 2 (1999): 171–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180899x00093.
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AbstractThis article considers certain issues relating to the draft UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage 1998. It is not intended to provide a comprehensive analysis of the draft, which is still only a working document, but the aim is (1) to give a very general introduction to the draft Convention; (2) to consider the relationship between the draft Convention and the UN Law of the Sea Convention 1982; (3) to assess the impact that the draft Convention would have on ownership rights in wrecks; (4) to examine whether the draft Convention should exclude warships and other State vessels from its scope; and (5) to analyse the relationship between the draft Convention and the law of salvage.
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Khalaf, Roha W. "Authenticity or Continuity in the Implementation of the UNESCO World Heritage Convention? Scrutinizing Statements of Outstanding Universal Value, 1978–2019." Heritage 3, no. 2 (April 15, 2020): 243–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage3020015.
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Continuity is a key theme in conservation and one that appears in the text of the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, which requests States Parties to continue to protect, conserve and present properties situated on their territories (Article 26). Despite this fact, it is not put into effect. Instead, the Operational Guidelines for the implementation of this Convention retain authenticity as a benchmark for assessing cultural heritage. This article scrutinizes Statements of Outstanding Universal Value (SOUV) to prove that continuity is the evidence presented to justify inscription. It reveals that at least 263 properties were inscribed on the World Heritage List not because their values are truthfully and credibly expressed through a variety of attributes as per the Operational Guidelines (Paragraph 82), but because their values and attributes continue to exist. It also reveals that continuity is a recurring concept in other sections of the SOUV, and this holds true for natural properties. Indeed, continuity applies to both cultural and natural heritage, and to tangible and intangible attributes, but this is never admitted in the Operational Guidelines. In terms of future research directions, the article suggests exploring how change within properties affects judgements about authenticity and how guidance on impact assessment can be improved to better achieve the goal of compatible change, concluding that “an effective system of collective protection”, which is the raison-d’être of the Convention, is not one that aims at “conserving the authentic”, but one that aims at “managing continuity and compatible change” in an ever-evolving world.
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Ragde, Rajesh, and Madhuri T. Swant. "Management of Eco-Tourism Sites: A Case Study of the Ajanta Caves." Atna - Journal of Tourism Studies 2, no. 1 (July 1, 2007): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12727/ajts.2.5.
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In the International tourism parlance India is perceived as a Cultural Destination and the foreign tourists visiting India for the first time find it so fascinating that quite a few of them come again and again to enjoy the "Indian Experience". No wonder India is one such destination in the world where international tourists spend maximum days once they arrive in the country. India is replete with heritage resources in the form of art, architecture and archaeology besides other cultural expressions like performing arts, dance, drama, fairs, festivals and the like. These cultural expressions constitute potential recreation resources. These resources, coupled with heritage, contribute to the richness of any landscape which can attract innumerable tourists looking for the "cultural experience".The general conference of UNESCO adopted a resolution in 1972 creating thereby a convention concerning the protection of the world 's cultural and natural heritage. The main objective of this forum was to define the world heritage, enlist sites and monuments from the member countries, the protection of which is the concern of mankind. The convention defined world heritage and drew a list of world heritage which included 378 cultural properties / sites. In India it has identified 28 sites, which are star attractions for intemational and domestic tourist. The paper makes introspection in various managerial aspects focusing mainly on the environmental impacts and problems in conservation and preservation of the World Heritage Site of Ajanta Caves, its paintings and environment in the vicinity of the cave.
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Forrest, Craig. "A New International Regime for the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 51, no. 3 (July 2002): 511–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/51.3.511.
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In November 2001, a new weapon was added to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation's2arsenal used to protect and preserve the world's cultural heritage, in the form of the Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage.3This Convention, while not yet in force, will complement UNESCO's three other heritage conventions, the 1954 Hague Convention on the Protection of Cultural Heritage in the Event of Armed Conflict,4the 1970 Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property (1971)5and the 1972 Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage.6
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Cotte, Michel. "What makes astronomical heritage valuable? Identifying potential Outstanding Universal Value in cultural properties relating to astronomy." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, A29A (August 2015): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316002465.
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AbstractThis communication presents the situation regarding astronomical and archaeoastronomical heritage related to the World Heritage Convention through recent years up until today. Some parallel events and works were promoted strongly within the IAU–UNESCO Initiative during the International Year of Astronomy (2009). This was followed by a joint program by the IAU and ICOMOS—an official advisory body assisting the World Heritage Committee in the evaluation of nomination dossiers. The result of that work is an important publication by around 40 authors from 20 different countries all around the world: Heritage Sites of Astronomy and Archaeoastronomy in the Context of the UNESCO World Heritage Convention (Ruggles & Cotte 2010). A second volume is under preparation (2015). It was also accompanied by some initiatives such as the “Windows to the Universe" organisation and the parallel constitution of local “Starlight Reserves”. Some regional meetings studying specific facets or regional heritage in the field giving significant knowledge progresses also accompanied the global trend for astronomical heritage.WH assessment is defined by a relatively strict format and methodology. A key phrase is “demonstration of Outstanding Universal Value” to justify the WH Listing by the Committee. This communication first examines the requirements and evaluation practices about of demonstrating OUV for a given place in the context of astronomical or archaeoastronomical heritage. That means the examination of the tangible attributes, an inventory of the property in terms of immoveable and moveable components and an inventory of intangible issues related to the history (history of the place in the context of the history of astronomy and cultural history). This is also related to the application to the site of the concept of integrity and authenticity, as regards the place itself and in comparison with other similar places (WH sites already listed, sites on national WH Tentative Lists, or other similar places in the region). The second issue of the communication is to give a glimpse of today's WH List, including some difficulties with listing and occasional failures, and trends and promising approaches.
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Stankiewicz, Wojciech. "Rola UNESCO w ochronie dóbr kultury i zasobów przyrodniczych." Przegląd Politologiczny, no. 1 (November 2, 2018): 146–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pp.2012.17.1.11.
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The topic is organized in such a way as to allow the circumstances of the establishment of UNESCO, its legal foundations, and the expansion of its activities over the years to be presented. The presentation of successive conventions that have been passed demonstrates how UNESCO’s scope of interests has been expanding to keep up with the changing world. In the analysis of successive activities and programs conducted under the auspices of UNESCO, and the attempts taken to counter the threats for the preservation of cultural and natural assets, the significance of the organization in the area of the protection of world heritage is assessed.
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Rodríguez, C., J. Sevilla, and Í. Obeso. "Outstanding Atlantic nature and culture for UNESCO World Heritage List: transhumance/trasterminance landscape of Somiedo and Royal Way of La Mesa (Asturian Massif, NW of Spain)." Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 45, no. 2 (September 4, 2019): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/cig.3784.
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A change in the attitude of society towards nature and landscape (first established in the intellectual sphere and later adopted by institutions and other agents) operates in the evolution of the notion of heritage so that a territorial dimension of this concept emerges. Its consolidation is slow, both in the generalization of actions and in the conceptualization: it finds pioneering manifestations in the second half of the 19th century and is considered to be widespread since UNESCO’s Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Heritage, held in Paris in 1972. The later addition of the cultural landscape figure in the actions by this organization (1992) and the possibility of including mountain areas as World Heritage in a mixed natural-cultural type have stimulated the elaboration of this study. The purpose is to provide keys for the characterization and qualification of a mountain area already considered as a possible candidate in the UNESCO tentative list (Somiedo, NW of Spain) in order to highlight its potential as Word Heritage. Research in this sector is also presented as a test for the development of a model that could serve as a complement for candidacies in other mountain regions with profiles or categories related to the one analyzed here: transhumance and/or trasterminance landscape in Atlantic mountains. The adequacy of Somiedo, particularly Saliencia Valley and Royal Way of La Mesa (somedan strecht) as a linked centennial itinerary, is justified by the diversity of UNESCO criteria that can be met, reflecting the diversity of outstanding features associated with natural and cultural elements and phenomena. The result could be the starting point for a further task: the formulation of concrete measures for the preservation of fundamental material and immaterial elements and the conception of an integral management program.
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Pocius, Gerald L. "The Government of Canada and Intangible Cultural Heritage." Ethnologies 36, no. 1-2 (October 12, 2016): 63–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1037600ar.
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Over the past twenty years, what constitutes a culture’s heritage has been debated amongst those responsible for governmental policies, as well as the constituents that governments serve. While heritage has often focused on tangible items – architecture and the material world – recent policies have broadened the focus to include the intangible: knowledge, ideas, performances, beliefs handed down for generations. Many national and international agencies – lead by UNESCO – now have policies and programs that deal with intangible cultural heritage (ICH). Within the Canadian context, the federal government has had differing interpretations of the importance of this type of heritage. Most recently, in spite of initial involvement in its drafting, the Department of Canadian Heritage has decided not to support UNESCO’s new international ICH Convention, which went into force in April, 2006, and now includes more than 160 countries that have ratified it. Historically, provincial governments and NGOs across Canada have been more involved with ICH, and it is here that the most recent initiatives are occurring. The changing stance of the Department of Canadian Heritage on this topic may well be related to specific figures involved, unspoken fears of legal repercussions, and the lobbying of special interest heritage groups.
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Castillo, Alicia, and Sonia Menéndez. "Managing Urban Archaeological Heritage: Latin American Case Studies." International Journal of Cultural Property 21, no. 1 (February 2014): 55–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739113000313.
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Abstract:This article focuses on the idea that archaeology aids the revaluation of cultural properties within historical centers. At the same time, it holds that the application of the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage of 1972 should imply the development of best management practices at inscribed sites. The handling of archaeological heritage in three Latin American cities is presented and discussed in this study, through the theoretical assumptions of preventive archaeology for the management of archaeological properties. It examines the different social contexts of World Heritage in these areas and concludes that the traditional vision of World Heritage impedes other historical readings of the past in these places. This conclusion is reached through a proactive vision defending the use of these UNESCO World Heritage Sites to improve management models with high public participation, the use of which should also be considered in the European community. There is, finally, a reminder of the desired objective: the improvement of archaeological management and, consequently, of urban historical discourses, whose outcomes enrich the lives of citizens.
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Cameron, Christina, and Mechtild Rössler. "Voices of the pioneers: UNESCO's World Heritage Convention 1972‐2000." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 1, no. 1 (May 27, 2011): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20441261111129924.
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RENES, HANS. "Levende cultuurlandschappen als Werelderfgoed." Tijdschrift voor Historische Geografie 4, no. 3 (January 1, 2019): 168–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/thg2019.3.004.rene.
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Continuing landscapes as World Heritage The World Heritage Convention was adopted by UNESCO in 1972, in a period of growing awareness of the international dimensions of environment and heritage. However, it was also a period in which European visions of heritage were still dominant, for example on themes such as authenticity and the distinction between nature and culture. The World Heritage List, resulting from the Convention, put the initiative for inscriptions by state parties, leading to a bias towards unproblematic and tourism-oriented objects. In all these aspects, almost half a century of discussions brought changing ideas. The European emphasis on material authenticity and the division between nature and culture were challenged by practices from Asia and Africa. The role of the nation state became less important by global exchanges of ideas and by local and regional initiatives. The protection of cultural landscapes, particularly that of ‘living’ or ‘continuing’ landscapes, was only possible by a movement from protection towards ‘management of change’. The problem of management of such landscapes is illustrated in five case studies of cultural landscapes that are, or prepare to be, World Heritage Sites: Dresden, the rice terraces of the Cordilleras, the Beemster polder, the Altes Land near Hamburg and the Dutch/Belgian Colonies of Benevolence. The conclusion is that change within World Heritage Sites is possible but needs to be done with caution and with a sense of quality, preferably by involving landscape architects. Rather than the authentic remains of an original situation, the argument should be based on ideas such as layeredness of landscapes and path dependency in developments.
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Samadi, Zalina, and Rodzyah Mohd Yunus. "Urban Heritage Streets’ Revitalizing Attributes." Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies 3, no. 6 (January 2, 2018): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v3i6.249.
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There were 911 sites including 704 cultural, 180 natural, 27 mixed properties which were included as outstanding universal value by the UNESCO World Heritage Convention in June 2010. Malaysian cultural heritage sites, Malacca and Georgetown, were listed since 2007. Since World Heritage Lists is not an ultimate benchmark for heritage street revitalization performance, therefore, this research will provide a set of attributing variables to investigate the revitalization attributes in creating a great heritage streets. The research employed unobtrusive method of content analysis and obtrusive method. This paper will share its findings based on research’s pilot study and document analysis.
Keywords urban architectural heritage, urban revitalization, revitalization index
eISSN 2514-751X © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.