Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Unified parts'

This thesis explores the relationship between gender policy, gender culture, and political participation in unified Germany. It investigates the extent to which political regimes shape citizens' attitudes towards gender roles and examines the effect of such attitudes on women's participation in politics. The thesis is divided into three parts: The first part explores the differences in gender regime types between the former German Democratic Republic and Federal Republic of Germany during the Cold War period. Building on existing studies, the analysis considers how generations that were socialised in the divided Germany differ in their attitudes toward gender roles. It finds that citizens from West Germany are more socially conservative than citizens from the East. The second part of the thesis tests the effects of these traditional gender attitudes on citizens' participation, focusing on party membership. The analysis highlights that gender gaps in formal political participation in unified Germany still exist, but that these gaps are smaller in the new federal states. The investigation further shows that traditional gender attitudes exert a negative effect on women’s political engagement beyond the predictive power of socio-economic and demographic factors. The final part of this thesis casts a critical look at the political controversy in Germany over the introduction of a cash-for-care subsidy (the so-called Betreuungsgeld). It explores the normative assumptions and ideas about gender roles that have been promoted by Germany's main political parties throughout the policy negotiation process. Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, the research presented in this thesis draws on, and contributes to, studies on gender, welfare states, political socialisation, and political participation.

ith one controlled extraction and one uncontrolled extraction, calculation of the flow channel at all stage, design and calculation of the regulation valve and create connection diagram of steam turbine and air cooled condenser. At the beginning of this work is an overview of manufacturers of steam turbines and their unified products. Master thesis was developer with G-Team, a.s. as using calculations and the instructions given in the recommended literature with supporting CFD simulations to determine the loss coefficients and FEA simulations to determine the eigenfrequencies blades.

Diss. M.A.--History--Tel-Aviv--Tel-Aviv university, 1986.
Mention parallèle de titre ou de responsabilité : The United workers' party (Mapam), 1948-1954 : attitudes on Palestinian-Arab issues / Yossi Amitay. Contient un résumé en anglais. Le verso de la p. de titre en hébreu et la p. de titre en anglais portent : "Mwgaš kʻabwdat gemer lqabalat toʼar M.A. bʼWniybersiyṭat Tel-ʼAbiyb" et "M.A thesis at the Tel-Aviv university" Bibliogr. p. [186]-188.

Efforts to resolve environmental planning and decision-making conflicts usually focus on participant involvement, mutual understanding of the problem situation, evaluation criteria identification, data availability, and potential alternative solutions. However, as the alternatives become less distinct and participant values more diverse, intensified negotiations and more data are usually required for meaningful planning and decision-making. Consequently, questions such as "What collaborative spatial decision making design is best for a given context?" "How can the values and needs of stakeholders be integrated into the planning process?" and "How can we learn from decision making experiences and understanding of the past?" are crucial considerations. Answers to these questions can be developed around the analytic and discursive approaches that transform diffused subjective judgments into systematic consensus-oriented resolutions.
This dissertation examines the above issues through the design, implementation, and assessment of the Collaborative Spatial Delphi (CSD) Methodology. The CSD methodology facilitates spatial thinking and discursive strategies to describe the complex social-technical dynamics associated with the knowledge-structuring-consensus nexus of the participation process. The CSD methodology describes this nexus by synthesizing research findings from knowledge management, focus group theory, systems theory, integrated assessment, visualization and exploratory analysis, and transformative learning all represented within a collaborative geographic information system (GIS) framework.
The CSD methodology was implemented in multiple contexts. Its use in two contexts - strategic planning and management of urban green spaces in Montreal (Canada); and priority setting for North American biodiversity conservation - are reported in detail in this dissertation. The summative feedbacks from all the CSD planning workshops help incrementally improve the design of the CSD process. This dissertation also reports on the design and use of questionnaire surveys to incorporate local realities into planning, as well as the development of an evaluation index to assess the face validity and effectiveness of the CSD process from the perspective of workshop participants.
The accumulated evidence from the CSD implementations suggests that many core issues exist across spatial problem solving situations. Thus, the design and specification of a core collaborative process model provides benefits for knowledge exchange. General systems theory was used to classify the core technical components of the collaborative GIS design, and soft systems theory was used to characterize the human activity dynamics. Object oriented principles enabled the generation of a flexible domain model, and the unified modelling language (UML) visually described the collaborative process. The CSD methodology is used as a proof of concept.
This dissertation contributes to knowledge in the general areas of Geography, Geographic information systems and science, and Environmental decision making. The specific contributions are threefold. First, the CSD provides a synthesis of multi-disciplinary theories and a tested tool for environmental problem solving. Second, the CSD facilitates a fusion of local and technical knowledge for more realistic consensus planning outcomes. Third, an empirical-theoretical visual formalism of the CSD allows for process knowledge standardization and sharing across problem solving situations.

Ericssons Business Communication Suite (BCS) är en Unified Communication-lösning, och är avsedd för större företag och teleoperatörer. BCS erbjuder tjänster som snabbmeddelanden, videosamtal, lägga till kontakter i grupper samt grupphantering mm. Syftet med detta projekt var tvåfaldigt; att utveckla och integrera ett program som kan kommunicera med Ericssons BCS, samt att dokumentera denna integration genom de erhållna kunskaperna från utvecklingen. Applikationen utvecklades för Windows Sidebar widget miljön och BCS miljön simulerades med hjälp av flera program och applikationer som tillhandahölls av Ericsson. Det första resultatet är en steg-för-steg integrationsguide, som innehåller installationsintruktioner för BCS-miljön samt riktlinjer för denna integration. Det andra resultatet är en widget som kan söka efter personer på sökmotorn www.eniro.se och utnyttja tjänster som tillhandahålls från BCS, som kontakt-och grupphantering samt videosamtal. Detta projekt visar att en tredjepartsutvecklad applikation kan integreras med BCS, och att tredjepartsutvecklare samt anställda på Ericsson kan använda steg-för-steg integrationsguiden för att sätta upp test- och utvecklingsmiljö för BCS.
Ericsson Business Communication Suite (BCS) is a Unified Communication solution destined for larger companies and telecommunication operators. BCS offers services such as instant messaging, video calls, contact group management and much more. The purpose of this project was twofold; developing and integrating an application that could communicate with Ericsson's Business Communication Suite, but also to document this integration through the knowledge acquired from the development. The application was developed for the Windows Sidebar widget engine and a BCS environment was simulated with the help of several programs and applications provided by Ericsson. The results of the project are a step-by-step integration guide, which contains environment setup as well as integration guidelines, and also a widget application that can search for people on the search engine www.eniro.se and utilize services provided by BCS such as contact and group management and video calls. This project demonstrates that a third party developed application can be integrated with Ericsson BCS, and that third party developers and people at Ericsson can use the step-by-step integration guide to easily setup the necessary BCS test environments.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
The search for information concerning both the physiology of childbirth and the rights of pregnant women may contribute to the empowerment of these women. However, the high number of unnecessary cesarean in obstetric care, as well as interventions in labor together with obstetric violence, may hinder this empowerment. This study aims to, intersubjectively, analyze childbirth experiences in the Unified Health System (UHS) from the experience of some women in São Carlos – SP. Its specific objectives are to identify the elements that help to enable and the elements that may hinder childbirth experiences and also to understand the influence of other women’s childbirth experiences, moreover, providing recommendations for improving obstetric care. The Communicative Methodology was chosen for this study. The data collection instruments were the communicative report and communicative discussion group. Data analysis was performed together with the participants, who have the same interpretative capacity as the researcher, but at different levels of understanding. The elements identified as enablers and hindrances were classified under System and World of Life, terms previously defined by the method. The results show that childbirth assistance has improved, but strategic changes are still needed. Therefore, the lack of integrated actions has put care quality in jeopardy.
A busca de informações acerca da fisiologia do parto, bem como sobre os direitos das gestantes pode contribuir para que a mulher seja protagonista do seu parto. No entanto, a realidade obstétrica do país, com índices altos de cesáreas desnecessárias, com intervenções sobre o parto e casos de violência obstétrica pode dificultar o protagonismo. Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar intersubjetivamente a experiência de parto no Sistema Único Saúde (SUS), em um município do interior de São Paulo, segundo a vivência de dez mulheres. Tem como objetivos específicos identificar os elementos facilitadores e os elementos dificultadores desta experiência, compreender de que maneira a experiência de parto das mulheres de seu entorno influenciou a vivência das participantes, além de listar recomendações para a melhoria da assistência ao binômio mãe-bebê. O método escolhido para atingir estes objetivos foi a Metodologia de Investigação Comunicativa, que privilegia o diálogo, dado que é na interação que se espera a construção de ferramentas de superação dos obstáculos. Foi utilizado como instrumento de coleta de dados o relato comunicativo e o grupo de discussão comunicativo. A análise dos dados foi realizada conjuntamente com as participantes, que, de acordo com a Metodologia de Investigação Comunicativa, têm a mesma capacidade de interpretação que a pesquisadora, porém em perspectivas diferentes. Os elementos identificados como facilitadores ou dificultadores foram classificados segundo as categorias sistema e mundo da vida, previamente definidas pelo método. Os resultados apontam que, embora tenhamos um avanço em termos de assistência ao parto, esta ainda apresenta fragilidades e necessita de mudanças de estratégias para que atenda todos os requisitos mínimos. Neste sentido, a ausência de diálogo nos atendimentos, a falta de articulação nas ações entre os serviços e a assistência centrada na figura do médico, mesmo nos casos de risco habitual, submete a usuária a um cuidado que não atende às suas demandas individuais e tem colocado em risco a qualidade do atendimento prestado.

Introdução: No Brasil, a elevada taxa de cesárea, o uso excessivo e rotineiro de intervenções no parto vaginal, as taxas elevadas de morbimortalidade materna e a inobservância de direitos básicos das mulheres são pontos críticos da assistência obstétrica. No plano internacional, as evidências de que a assistência pode causar danos promoveu o movimento pela segurança da paciente, com a criação de estratégia inovadora para a promoção do cuidado livre de danos (harm free care). Este compreende o dano a partir da perspectiva da paciente, medido por meio de termômetros de segurança. Objetivos: Verificar a frequência, e fatores associados, de danos causados pela assistência às puérperas e aos recém-nascidos do Sudeste brasileiro durante e após o parto, e a associação destes danos com sintomas de depressão pós-parto (DPP) entre 2011 e 2012. Método: A partir do Nascer no Brasil: Inquérito Nacional sobre Parto e Nascimento, verificou-se a frequência dos cinco danos previstos no Termômetro de Segurança da Maternidade (TSM), utilizado neste estudo como referência. Também se verificou a prevalência de DPP nas puérperas da Região Sudeste do Brasil (n=10.155), com até um ano de pós-parto, utilizando-se a Escala de Depressão Pós-parto de Edimburgo (EPDS). Resultados: Entre os danos, separação mãe-bebê, cesarianas e traumas perineais foram aqueles que apresentaram maior frequência (69,5 por cento , 52,6 por cento e 37,5 por cento , respectivamente). Relatos de desrespeito, abuso e maus-tratos foram observados em 44,6 por cento das mulheres. O cuidado livre de dano correspondeu a 2 por cento . Ter sofrido uma cesariana dobrou a chance de ter um dano (OR:2,21; IC95 por cento 1,20 - 4,07), e quadruplicou a chance de ter dois ou mais danos (OR:4,08; IC95 por cento 2,27 - 7,32). A prevalência de casos prováveis de DPP foi de 25,8 por cento . Entre os fatores de risco associados, identificaram-se fonte de pagamento pública (OR=1,80; IC95 por cento 1,44 - 2,23); ensino fundamental incompleto ou completo (OR:1,64; IC95 por cento 1,37 - 1,96); ser das classes C, D ou E (OR:1,24; IC95 por cento 1,02 - 1,50); fumar durante a gestação (OR:1,62; IC95 por cento 1,20 - 2,18); não desejar engravidar naquele momento (OR:1,52; IC95 por cento 1,22 - 1,90); ter tido uma ou duas (OR:1,55; IC95 por cento 1,24 - 1,94) e três ou mais gestações anteriores (OR:2,10; IC95 por cento 1,52 - 2,90); referir a experiência do parto como regular, ruim ou péssima (OR:1,47; IC95 por cento 1,12 - 1,93) e ter sofrido três danos no TSM (OR:1,35; IC95 por cento 1,12 - 1,62) e quatro ou mais danos (OR:2,81; IC95 por cento 1,90 - 4,16). Conclusão: A assistência ao parto, na Região Sudeste do Brasil, promove alta frequência de danos evitáveis, tratando-se de importante problema de saúde pública. O cuidado livre de dano é exceção no Brasil (2 por cento ). Fatores socioeconômicos estão associados à DPP, assim como fatores relacionados à assistência ao parto, especialmente quando ocorridos em hospital público. Fatores de risco que indicam vulnerabilidade individual ou que estão relacionados a paridade também se mostraram associados
Introduction: In Brazil, the high rates of cesarean section, the excessive and routine use of interventions in labor, the high rates of maternal morbidity and mortality, and the non-observance of basic human rights are critical points of obstetric care. At the international level, however, evidence that assistance can cause harm has given rise to a patient safety movement, which in turn has led to an innovative strategy being created to promote harm free care, based on the understanding of harm from the patients perspective and on \"safety thermometers\". Objectives: To verify the frequency and the associated factors of harm caused by care, to southeastern Brazilian postpartum women and their newborns during and after childbirth, and the association of these harms with symptoms of postpartum depression (PPD) between 2011 and 2012. Method: This study searched the Born in Brazil Survey database for the five harms under the Maternity Safety Thermometer (MST), which was used as a reference. The prevalence of PPD in postpartum women in the southeastern region of Brazil (n = 10,155) was also verified, up until one year postpartum, using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS). Results: Among all harms, mother-baby separation, cesarean sections, and trauma to the perineum ranked highest in frequency (69.5 per cent , 52.6 per cent , and 37.5 per cent , respectively). Reports of disrespect, abuse and mistreatment (DAMT) were observed in 44.6 per cent . Harm-free care totaled less than 2 per cent . Having a cesarean section doubled the chance of a harm (OR: 2.21, 95 per cent CI 1.20 - 4.07), and quadrupled the chance of two or more harms (OR: 4.08; 95 per cent CI 2.27-7.32). The prevalence of probable cases of PPD was 25.8 per cent . Among the associated risk factors, this study found: public payment sources (OR = 1.80, 95 per cent CI 1.44-2.23); incomplete or incomplete elementary schooling (OR: 1.64; 95 per cent CI 1.37-1.96); lower income brackets (C, D, or E) (OR: 1.24, IC95 per cent 1.02 - 1.50); smoking during pregnancy (OR: 1.62; 95 per cent CI: 1.20 - 2.18); not wanting to become pregnant (OR: 1.52; 95 per cent CI 1.22-1.90); having one or two (OR: 1.55, 95 per cent CI 1.24-1.94) or three or more previous pregnancies (OR: 2.10; 95 per cent CI 1.52-2.90); considering the birth experience fair, bad or very bad (OR: 1.47, 95 per cent CI 1.12-1.93), having suffered three MST-listed harms (OR: 1.35, 95 per cent CI, 1.12-1, 62), and having suffered four or more harms (OR: 2.81; 95 per cent CI: 1.90 - 4.16). Conclusion: Childbirth care in the southeastern Brazil, the most developed region in the country, is marked by a high frequency of preventable damages, which translates as a significant public health problem. Harm free care is an exception in Brazil (2 per cent ). Socioeconomic factors are associated with PPD, as well as factors related to childbirth care, especially when birth takes place in a public hospital. Risk factors that indicate individual vulnerability or risk factor related to parity are also associated

Né en 1956, un courant socialiste se développe dans la S. F. I. O. , fait scission en septembre 1958 pour constituer le parti socialiste autonome, puis se fond dans une entité plus large, le P. S. U. En avril 1960. Les circonstances sont défavorables pour l'apparition d'une minorité dans la S. F. I. O. : le secrétariat général est au sommet de son influence, alors que les oppositions sont discréditées ; la question coloniale intéresse peu la base du parti ; "l'exercice du pouvoir" par des "délégués" du parti implique une solidarité pour les militants. La minorité est tout d'abord le produit d'un réflexe moral et dreyfusard face à ce qui est apparu comme des hésitations puis une dérive de la politique du parti socialiste officiel. Mais, préoccupée du combat partisan, légaliste et hésitante, elle se coule dans le cadre parlementaire ne mène ou ne participe à aucune action concrète publique contre la guerre avant 1958. Elle est poussée à la scission sous la pression de la base minorité et de la mouvance socialiste, par un réflexe républicain d'opposition au 13 mai 1958 et aux institutions de la Vème république, ses promoteurs voulant maintenir une organisation socialiste indépendante du régime. En deux vagues, séparées par une année, la scission entraine pratiquement tous les responsables minoritaires et l'essentiel des cadres qui s'étaient organisés dans le comité socialiste d'étude et d'action pour la paix en Algérie. Le P. S. A. Rassemble aussi d'autres sous-courants socialistes et composantes de la gauche non-communiste, notamment les mendésistes. La création du P. S. U. Se fait rapidement, sans véritable clarification politique interne et externe avec les autres mouvements qui forment le P. S. U
Born in 1956, a socialist current inside the S. F. I. O. , split in September 1958 and formed the independent socialist party which then joined the larger party, the P. S. U. In April 1960. At that time conditions were not favorable for a minority to appear inside the S. F. I. O. : the party leader was at the apogee of his influential power, whereas the groups of oppositions were partly discredited, and the rank and file were hardly interested in colonial problems. Governing by "delegates" implied solidarity among the militants. The minority was first of all the result of a moral,"dreyfusard" reaction against what had appeared as a reserved attitude and a drifting away of the policy led by the official socialist party. Then, however, preoccupied with their party engagement and legal action, and thus wavering, they integrated themselves, comfortably into the parliamentarian mentality. They neither led nor took part in any concrete, public action against the war before 1958. Under pressure of a minority among the rank and file and of ideological overlap with other organizations, they were forced to split, by a republican reaction against may 13, 1958 and the institutions of the Vth republic. Those who were responsible for this movement wanted to maintain a socialist organization independent from the new political system. In two waves, separated by one year, the split drained nearly all the leaders of the minority and most of those who were responsible for the creation of the socialist committee for the study and action towards peace in Algeria. The P. S. A. Also gathered other minor socialist currents as well as groups belonging to the non-communist left wing, such as the "mendesists". The P. S. U. Was rapidly organized, without clarifying an internal or external policy with the other movements which formed the P. S. U

Introdução: A cesárea vem aumentando progressivamente no Brasil e no mundo. Dentre os fatores associados a esse evento, destaca-se a cesárea prévia. Embora a maioria dos partos realizados em mulheres com história de cesárea seja cirúrgico, autores tem demonstrado altos índices de partos vaginais após cesárea - PVAC com baixa incidência de complicações. Diante do alarmante crescimento das taxas de cesárea, o presente estudo objetiva identificar a proporção e o perfil das mães com história de repetição de cesárea - RC no Estado de São Paulo, em 2012. Métodos: Os dados provenientes do Sistema de Informações Sobre Nascidos Vivos foram vinculados aos do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde. Os resultados a respeito das características das mães com história de RC foram analisados segundo características da gestação, do recém-nascido RN e segundo tipo do hospital do parto. Os dados foram descritos na forma de medidas de proporção (frequências), com diferenças entre variáveis de interesse verificadas pelos testes de proporção e de médias (nível de significância de 5 por cento ). Resultados: Foram estudados 273.329 nascidos vivos de mães com pelo menos um filho anterior. Destes, 43 por cento nasceram por RC e 7,4 por cento por PVAC. As mães que realizaram CR são mais velhas e mais escolarizadas e os RNs nascidos desse grupo apresentaram menor proporção de baixo peso ao nascer. O início do pré-natal no primeiro trimestre e a realização de 7 ou mais consultas de pré-natal foi mais frequente no grupo CR. Termo precoce foi a classificação mais frequente para idade gestacional dos que nasceram por CR. Em contrapartida, os RNs por parto vaginal apresentaram maiores proporções de termo tardio do que aqueles por repetição de cesárea. A RC foi mais frequente nos hospitais sem vínculo com o Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS (44,1 por cento ). Dentre esses, a maioria (54,3 por cento ) teve idade gestacional classificada como termo precoce. Somente o grupo SUS alcança uma melhor proporção de termo pleno (46,5 por cento ), contudo esse grupo tem a frequência mais elevada de termos tardios (10,9 por cento ). Conclusão: As altas taxas de cesárea de repetição, principalmente no setor privado, evidenciam a necessidade de melhoras no modelo de atenção ao parto no Estado de São Paulo.
Background: Cesarean section has been progressively increasing in Brazil and worldwide. Among the factors associated with this event stands out a prior cesarean delivery. Although most deliveries in women with a prior cesarean delivery is surgical, authors have demonstrated high levels of vaginal births after cesarean - VBAC with low incidence of complications. Given the alarming increase in cesarean rates, this study aims to identify the proportion and profile of mothers with repeat cesarean delivery - RCD in the State of São Paulo, in 2012. Methods: Data from Live Births Information Systems were linked to the National Health Establishments Registration. The results about the characteristics of mothers with RCD were analyzed according to characteristics of pregnancy, newborn and type of maternity hospital. Data were presented in the form of proportion measures (frequencies), with differences between variables of interest verified by the proportion and average tests (5 per cent significance level). Results: 273 329 live births of mothers with at least one previous child were studied. 43 per cent of these were born by RCD and 7.4 per cent by PVAC. Mothers who underwent RCD are older and more highly educated and newborn infants in this group had a lower incidence of low birth weight. The beginning of prenatal care in the first trimester and the realization of 7 or more prenatal visits was more frequent in the RCD group. Early term was the most frequent rating for gestational age born by RCD. In contrast, newborns by vaginal delivery had greater proportions of late term than those by repeat cesarean. The RCD was more common in hospitals not affiliated with the Unified Health System - UHS (44.1 per cent ). In these, the majority (54.3 per cent ) of newborn had gestational age of early term. Only the UHS group achieves a better proportion of full term (46.5 per cent ), however, this group has the highest frequency of late terms (10.9 per cent ). Conclusion: The high repeat cesarean rates, especially in the private sector, highlight the need for improvements in childbirth care model in São Paulo.

Introdução A partir da pergunta de partida Que fatores levaram um partido de origem socialista a optar por uma gerência terceirizada na Saúde? procurou-se analisar a parceria de um Órgão Público com o Terceiro Setor, para gerenciar um hospital regional, definindo-se, como objeto, o caso do Hospital Regional do Juruá, Acre, no início do século XXI. Objetivo Analisar as implicações do gerenciamento terceirizado de um hospital público e a política pública de saúde no Acre, no início do século XXI, sob governos hegemonizados pelo Partido dos Trabalhadores. Método estudo de metodologia qualitativa, utilizou um estudo de caso, onde foram realizadas revisão de bibliografia, análise documental e coleta de dados empíricos. A população de referência foi constituída por gestores, trabalhadores e usuários do SUS. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de pesquisa documental e de entrevista com roteiro. O conteúdo das entrevistas foi sistematizado com o auxílio da técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Posteriormente, foi triangulado com os dados oriundos da pesquisa documental. A análise final utilizou a Teoria da Escolha Racional. Resultados As transformações ocorridas no mundo desde a década de 1980 atingiram o PT na sua trajetória e o colocaram diante da escolha de maximizar votos para chegar ao poder, optando por ampliar suas alianças e fazendo uma virada ideológica pragmática. No Acre, a eleição da Frente Popular representou uma ruptura com o sistema político local inaugurando um projeto de Poder de longo prazo. A Saúde Pública foi bastante impactada, resultando num serviço de melhor qualidade, reconhecido pela população. Os governos agiram racionalmente para maximizar o apoio político, tomando decisões eficientemente planejadas para alcançar os fins econômicos e políticos desejados. Dentre essas escolhas, esteve a decisão de firmar parceria com o Terceiro Setor para gerenciar um hospital de referência regional. Conclusões A contradição inicial de um governo do Partido dos Trabalhadores em utilizar o modelo de terceirização para gerir um hospital público foi explicada através das escolhas racionais feitas pelos seus governos diante das alternativas colocadas, analisando-se as várias condições que dificultavam o funcionamento de um hospital numa localidade geograficamente isolada. Entretanto, a lógica da parceria com o Terceiro Setor foi naturalizada, favorecendo a acomodação dos interesses das partes envolvidas, e consolidando-se como permanente
Introduction From the starting question \"What factors led a party of socialist origin to opt for outsourced management in Health?\" sought to analyze the partnership of a Public Organ with the Third Sector, to manage a regional hospital, defining, as object, the case of the Hospital Regional do Juruá , Acre, at the beginning of the 21st century. Objective To analyze the implications of outsourced management of a public hospital and public health policy in Acre at the beginning of the 21st century under governments hegemonized by the Partido dos Trabalhadores. Method Study of qualitative methodology, used a case study, where they were carried out review of bibliography, documentary analysis and empirical data collection. The reference population was made up of SUS managers, workers and users. The data were obtained through documentary research and interview with script. The content of the interviews was systematized with the help of the Collective Subject Discourse technique. Subsequently, it was triangulated with data from documentary research. The final analysis used the Rational Choice Theory. Results The transformations that have occurred in the world since the 1980s have reached the PT in its trajectory and have placed it before the choice of maximizing votes to reach power, opting to broaden its alliances and making a pragmatic ideological turn. In Acre, the Popular Front election represented a break with the local political system inaugurating a long-term power project. Public Health was very impacted, resulting in a better quality service, recognized by the population. Governments acted rationally to maximize political support by making efficiently planned decisions to achieve the desired economic and political ends. Among these choices was the decision to establish a partnership with the Third Sector to manage a regional reference hospital. Conclusions The initial contradiction of a Partido dos Trabalhadores government in using the outsourcing model to run a public hospital was explained through the rational choices made by its governments in the face of the alternatives placed by analyzing the various conditions that hindered the operation of a hospital in a Locally geographically isolated. However, the logic of the partnership with the Third Sector was naturalized, favoring the accommodation of the interests of the parties involved, and consolidating as permanent

Les revues politiques de la gauche non communiste de 1958 à 1986 demeurent méconnues et leurs rôles peu reconnus. Pourtant, elles furent nombreuses, parfois vivantes, et prirent leur place dans les différentes phases de la restructuration de la gauche non communiste. La première décennie permet d'interroger l'existence de revues bien souvent innovantes, fréquemment sans liens formels avec des structures partisanes, mais également de questionner des présences bien discrètes. Les revues politiques apparaissent ainsi comme des organes de transitions idéologique, sociologique et organisationnelle. Instruments de rénovation culturelle, de dépassement des clivages partisans mais aussi de fixation identitaire, les revues politiques des années soixante sont de toutes les luttes d'une gauche confrontée à la double dynamique de l'unification et de la rénovation. Chacune est tant le fruit des différentes sensibilités qu'agent de modification des frontières partisanes. Ces revues sont alors confrontées à l'essoufflement de leur dynamique originelle mois aussi à l'unification organisationnelle dessinée par la prise en main de la SFIO par Alain Sovary ; aucune n'y survit. Le paysage des revues de la gauche non communistes est singulièrement renouvelé dans les années soixante-dix lors de l'unification de ses différentes sensibilités, ou sein du parti socialiste d'Epinay. De cette fragile dynamique politique nait un véritable renouveau des revues politiques. Celui-ci débouche sur leur intégration au sein du parti socialiste, ne laissant guère d'espace aux revues non partisanes, puis sur leur instrumentalisation dans ses luttes internes. Se désirant à la fois agents de liaison entre l'interne et l'externe et instruments de marquage identitaire, les revues politiques d'alors ne peuvent maintenir bien longtemps l'illusion d'une possible cohabitation de ces deux ambitions ; elles laissent alors le terrain à des revues centrées sur la communauté intellectuelle. Les revues politiques n'ont pu transcrire durablement dans la réalité leur désir d'être des lieux de débats ouverts. Au travers de ces deux perspectives historiques apparaissent surtout trois distinctions taxinomiques essentielles ; la « revue interface », la « revue stabilisée » et la « revue restructuration »

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Universidade Iguaçú. Docente
Introdução: Com vistas à prevenção da transmissão vertical, o Ministério da Saúde preconiza que as mulheres sejam testadas para o HIV na gestação, e que na admissão para o parto seja oferecido o teste rápido anti-HIV para todas as gestantes não testadas para HIV no pré-natal ou sem resultado disponível. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a testagem anti-HIV durante a assistência pré-natal e a internação para o parto, e analisar os fatores associados à submissão ao teste rápido anti-HIV. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal conduzido no segundo semestre de 2009 nas 15 maternidades do município do Rio de Janeiro com mais de 1000 partos/ano, por meio de entrevistas realizadas com amostra representativa de 835 mães e observação de prontuários. Para avaliação da testagem anti-HIV foi elaborado um modelo teórico lógico. Na análise dos fatores associados à submissão ao teste rápido anti-HIV (desfecho), razões de prevalência ajustadas (p≤ 0,05) foram obtidas por modelo de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta, segundo modelo hierarquizado. RESULTADOS: Segundo as mães, 86,7% dispunham de sorologia negativa do pré-natal e 55,7% foram submetidas ao teste rápido anti-HIV no hospital. Segundo dados do prontuário, 68,0% dispunham de sorologia negativa do pré-natal e 79,6% foram submetidas ao teste rápido anti-HIV. O procedimento relativo ao teste rápido anti-HIV no hospital foi considerado adequado (mães com status ignorado de HIV do pré-natal submetidas ao teste rápido e mães com status conhecido não submetidas) em 49,9% das mulheres, segundo os dados maternos, e em 50,9% das mulheres, segundo dados do prontuário. Na análise múltipla a cor da pele não branca (RP=1,155) se associou a uma maior prevalência do desfecho, enquanto a baixa escolaridade materna (RP=0,856) esteve associada a uma menor prevalência do mesmo. A não realização de pré-natal (RP=1,289), não dispor de sorologia negativa de exame anti-HIV do pré-natal (RP=1,226) e a ocorrência de parto em hospital não certificado como amigo da criança (RP=1,286) se mostraram associados a uma maior prevalência de testagem rápida anti-HIV no hospital. CONCLUSÕES: Os protocolos de testagem anti-HIV não vêm sendo cumpridos a contento. A gama de fatores associados à submissão ao teste rápido anti-HIV compreendeu não apenas os preconizados, como a ausência de sorologia negativa do pré-natal, como também características sociodemográficas e a não certificação do hospital como amigo da criança. Recomenda-se a qualificação da equipe de saúde envolvida na assistência à gestante, para que a sorologia anti-HIV seja solicitada quando procedente, e seja ágil o processo de entrega dos resultados, com vistas à efetividade das ações de controle da transmissão vertical
Introduction: In order to prevent vertical transmission, the Brazilian Ministry of Health recommends women to be tested for HIV during pregnancy, and to be offered the HIV rapid test on admission for delivery to all pregnant women not tested for HIV during prenatal care or with no result available. The purpose of this study was to evaluate HIV testing during prenatal care and hospitalization for childbirth, and to identify factors associated with submission to the HIV rapid test. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted in the second half of 2009 in 15 hospitals in Rio de Janeiro City with more than 1000 deliveries / year, through interviews with a representative sample of 835 mothers and observation of records. A logical theoretical model was elaborated to assess anti-HIV testing. To analyze factors associated with submission to HIV rapid test, adjusted prevalence ratios (p ≤ 0.05) were obtained by Poisson regression model with robust variance, by means of a hierarchical model. RESULTS: According to the mothers, 86.7% underwent HIV testing during prenatal care with a negative serology and 55.7% were submitted to the rapid HIV test in the hospital. According to the records, 68.0% had a negative serology from prenatal care and 79.6% were submitted to the rapid HIV test. The HIV rapid testing at the hospital was considered adequate (mothers with unknown HIV status submitted to the rapid test and mothers with known status not submitted) in 49.9% of the women, according to maternal data, and in 50.9% of the women, according to medical records. In multiple analysis maternal non-white skin color (PR = 1.155) was associated with a higher prevalence of the outcome, while low maternal education (PR = 0.856) was associated with a lower prevalence. Not performing prenatal care (RP = 1.289), not having a negative serology from prenatal care (RP = 1.226) and delivery in a hospital non certified as Baby-Friendly (RP = 1.286) were associated with a higher prevalence of being submitted to the HIV rapid test in the hospital. CONCLUSIONS: HIV testing protocols are not being met satisfactorily. The range of factors associated with submission to the HIV rapid test comprised not only the recommended, as the absence of negative serology from prenatal care, but also sociodemographic characteristics and delivery at non Baby-Friendly Hospital. Qualification of health staff involved with pregnant women care is recommended, so that HIV testing is required when appropriate and the delivery of the results are agile, in order to improve the effectiveness of vertical transmission control measures

The content of diploma thesis is a solution for heating and warm water preparation with application of an experimental measuring. My experimental measuring is experimental block. The block unifies parts of heating in boiler room in one system. The main object of this diploma was to learn to control the block and to measure important working status. In the second part was applied in first variant normal connection of boiler and in second variant was applied the block. The teoretical part is description of normal connection of boiler and development from other block systems to experimental block.

O objetivo da tese é o de compreender a reestruturação da política de assistência social durante o governo de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003 - 2010). A hipótese que orientou a pesquisa foi a de que essa reestruturação e seus principais redirecionamentos resultaram diretamente das posições e conquistas alcançadas por agentes políticos específicos, os assistentes sociais. Dentre esse conjunto de profissionais destacou-se a liderança de um grupo de professores e pesquisadores de cursos de Serviço Social de universidades públicas e confessionais, em sua maioria formada por militantes do Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT), que soube aproveitar uma janela de oportunidade aberta no primeiro ano do governo Lula, para gerar as alternativas político-administrativas necessárias a fim de que a política de assistência social fosse implantada segundo os princípios e visões que vinham defendendo desde a década de 1980. Ao longo do governo de Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995 - 2002), esses agentes formaram uma visão alternativa a respeito da política de assistência social, em que o Estado deveria assumir o protagonismo nas ações socioassistenciais, uma vez que o direito social à assistência é um dos pilares do sistema de seguridade social criado com a Constituição Federal de 1988. A assistência é definida por eles como proteção social, isto é, como política que previne e dá cobertura contra determinados riscos sociais. No caso da assistência, isso implicou a construção das seguranças: de acolhida; de renda; do convívio ou vivência familiar, comunitária e social; do desenvolvimento da autonomia individual, familiar e social; da sobrevivência a riscos circunstanciais. Essa concepção, desenvolvida especialmente por um grupo de pesquisadores da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP) sob a liderança de Aldaíza Sposati, sedimentou-se como uma das bases da Política Nacional de Assistência Social (PNAS/2004) e do Sistema Único de Assistência Social (SUAS/2005), construídos ao longo do governo Lula como forma de materializar o direito social à assistência e de organizar um sistema descentralizado de gestão dessa política, coordenando as ações de municípios, estado, Distrito Federal e União. O processo de reordenamento institucional dessa política revela a estratégia bem sucedida de um grupo de assistentes sociais com dupla ou tripla inserção: como professores universitários, como gestores dessa política no nível municipal/estadual e ou como militantes do PT, essa comunidade de especialistas acumulou capital simbólico suficiente no campo científico e no campo político para ocupar posições decisivas nos primeiros anos do governo Lula, o que lhe permitiu reordenar a política de assistência social e garantir-lhe um estatuto político inédito.
The aim of this thesis is to understand the restructuring of social assistance policy during the government of Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva (2003-2010). The hypothesis that guided the research was that this rebuilding and its principles redirections resulted directly from the positions and conquests achieved by specific political agents that are the social assistants. Among this group of professionals it is possible to highlight the leadership of a group of teachers and researchers in Social Work courses in public and religious universities, mostly formed by militants of the Workers Party (PT), which took advantage of a window of opportunities that were opened in the first year of the Lula\'s government, to generate the political and administrative alternatives that were necessary in order to implement the social assistance policy according to the principles and visions that had been advocated since the 1980s. During the government of Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995 - 2002), these agents formed an alternative view of the social assistance policy, in which the state should take the leading role in the actions of social assistance, since the right to social assistance is a pillar of the social security system created by the Federal Constitution of 1988. Assistance is defined by them as \"social protection\", which means, a policy that prevents and provides coverage against certain social risks. In the case of assistance, this entailed the construction of \"securities\" of fostering; income; family, community and society life; development of individual, familiar and social autonomy; survival of circumstantial risks. This conception, specially developed by a group of researchers at the Catholic University of São Paulo (PUC-SP) under the leadership of Aldaíza Sposati, was set as one of the basis of the National Policy of Social Assistance (PNAS/2004) and of the Unified Social Assistance System (SUAS/2005), built along the Lula government as a way of materializing the right to social assistance and to organize a decentralized system of management of this policy, coordinating the actions of municipalities, state, Federal District and Union. The process of institutional reorganization of the policy reveals the successful strategy of a group of social workers with double or triple insertion: as university professors, as managers of this policy at the municipal/state and/or as members of the militancy in the Workers Party, this \"community of experts\" accumulated sufficient symbolic capital in science and in politics to occupy decisive positions in the early years of Lulas government, which allowed them to reorganize the social assistance policy and grant an unprecedented political status.

Introdução:A mortalidade materna é um dos melhores indicadores do desenvolvimento socioeconômico de um país. O Brasil implementou políticas públicas para redução da mortalidade materna até 2015. A região do Grande ABC Paulista no Brasil apresenta grande heterogeneidade socioeconômica entre seus municípios, podendo refletir a desigualdade social do país, porém apresentando dimensões que permitem maior controle de dados da mortalidade. Objetivo: Avaliar a tendência da mortalidade materna na região do Grande ABC Paulista no período de 1997 a 2011. Metodologia: Estudo ecológico de série temporal, cujos dados foram obtidas no banco de dados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil (DATASUS) do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil (MS). Os dados foram transformados em Índices da Mortalidade Materna Direta (IMMD), estratificados por municípios, índices de desenvolvimento humano (IDH), causas de óbito materno segundo Classificação internacional de doenças (CID-10), local e período de ocorrência do óbito, dados sóciodemográficos e submetidos a comparações (teste U de Mann-whitney, teste de Kruskal-Wallis e teste de Dunn) e associações pela regressão linear, com significância de 5%. Resultados: Os IMMD predominaram em mulheres solteiras, entre 20-34 anos de idade, brancas, escolaridade entre 4-7 anos, intra-hospitalar, no puerpério imediato, por hemorragias/tromboses/embolias e eclâmpsias. Não houve diferença nos IMMD em relação ao grupo IDH. Rio Grande da Serra atingiu IMMD alto (OMS) na maioria das covariáveis analisadas. Apenas São Caetano do Sul apresentou IMMD baixo (OMS), alto IMMI (p=0,03), queda nos IMMD no período de 1997 a 2011 (beta= -0,67/ano, p=0,03) e tendência neste milênio (2000 a 2011, beta=-0,55/ano, p=0,07) com estimativa de queda de 65,1% até 2015. A soma dos óbitos não investigados, não se aplica e de fichas sem investigação para qualquer variável analisada ultrapassa 50%. Conclusão: Os índices da Mortalidade Materna Direta na região do Grande ABC Paulista apresentaram níveis altos e queda discreta no tempo. Apenas o município de São Caetano do Sul apresentou queda expressiva de IMMD nos 15 anos de estudo e tendência a queda neste milênio com estimativa de atingir 65,1% até 2015. Descritores: Mortalidade materna; Políticas públicas; Mulheres; Saúde da mulher/estatística & dados numéricos; Complicações na gravidez/mortalidade; Mortalidade; Sistema Único de Saúde; Estudos epidemiológicos; Saúde da mulher/estatística & dados numéricos; Período pós-parto; Objetivos de desenvolvimento do milênio; Brasil/epidemiologia
Introduction: Maternal mortality is one of the best indicators of socioeconomic development of a country. Brazil has implemented public policies to reduce maternal mortality by 2015. The Grande ABC Paulista region in Brazil shows great socioeconomic heterogeneity among its municipalities, which can reflect the country social inequality, however presenting dimensions that allow greater control of mortality data. Objective: To evaluate the trend of maternal mortality in the Grande ABC Paulista region in the period of 1997-2011. Methodology: Ecological time series, where data was obtained from the database of the Information Technology Department of the Public Health Care System (DATASUS) of the Health Ministry of Brazil (MS). The data was transformed into direct maternal mortality indices (DMMI), stratified by municipalities, Human Development Indices (HDI), causes of maternal death according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), period and local of maternal death, socio-demographic parameters. Data were submitted to comparison tests (Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn\'s multiple comparisons test) and association tests (linear regression) when applied and a significance of 5%. Results: The DMMI predominated in single women, aged 20-34 years old, white, 4 to 7 school age, in-hospital, postpartum, by bleeding / thrombosis / embolism and eclampsia. There was no difference in DMMI when comparing by HDI group. The Municipality of Rio Grande da Serra reached high DMMI values in the most of the analyzed covariates. São Caetano do Sul presented the lowest DMMI values and was the only municipality which presented decrement in the DMMI during the 15 years of the studied period (beta = - 0.67/year, p=0.03) and a trend in this millennium (2000-2011, beta- 0.55/year, p=0.07) with an estimated fall of 65.61% by 2015. The sum of not investigated, not applied and files without investigation for any analyzed variable exceeded 50%. Conclusion: The DMMI in the Grande ABC Paulista showed high levels and downward trend in time. São Caetano do Sul was the sole municipality where the DMMR dropped in 15 years of study and presented a tendency to decrease in this millennium with an estimated fall of 65.1% by 2015

博士
國立臺灣師範大學
政治學研究所
101
997 Constitution as amended Article 55 of the Constitution provides that "the president of the Executive Yuan, nominated by the President of the Legislative Yuan agreed to the appointment." Cease to apply, with direct presidential elections to be changed to "the president of the Executive Yuan appointed by the president" is not to be appointed by the consent of the Legislative Yuan, the Legislative Yuan, the majority party belongs not necessarily to serve as president of the Executive Yuan, appointed by the President to serve as president of the Executive Yuan. After a constitutional change caused by the political parties in power in 2000, the Democratic Progressive Party in the Legislative Yuan is one of the few, but may be appointed by the Executive Yuan, the situation of divided government in eight years, the ruling Democratic Progressive Party in the Legislative Yuan has not been able to get more than half of the seats, the congressional caucus operation in a very difficult situation, again alternation of political parties until 2008, the KMT won the presidential election and the appointment of party person as president of the Executive Yuan, and has more than half of the seats in the Legislative Yuan, and consistent with the government's situation congressional caucus operation into another situation. Democratic politics "subordinate to the majority, respect for minorities" is a very important principle, the number of seats in Congress on behalf of the strength of the political parties in the bill dispute, the majority party through a vote of a majority of support in order to carry out their will, but also via negotiation few show respect, to reduce the antagonism and struggle between political parties and parliamentarian smoothly congressional caucus operation would have received increasing attention. Legislative Yuan of procedure to resolve disputes of the legislative review process through caucus functioning can shorten the lengthy proceedings and reduce non-essential to the ruling and opposition parties protest of the rules of procedure, enhance the performance of legislative rules of procedure, the legal text, budget deliberations and proceedings proceeded smoothly; relative also have been a small number of people or groups manipulation and boycott by paralysis of procedure carried out or obstruct bill. The study was designed on the roles and functions of the theory of the unified government and divided government, the political parties construct "party competition of political parties in power (2000-2012), the mode of analysis" and "Our congressional caucus in the operation of the unified government and divided government decisions "and other aspects of inquiry, analysis and research, more democratic and advanced countries on caucus works, and compare the Legislative Yuan caucus of organizational rules, and cite examples of the operation of the legislative caucus Also with in-depth interviews with stakeholders to understand the caucus consultation system ideal mechanism design and construction of competition and cooperation operation of the congressional caucus of congressional caucus works under a unified government and divided government has a clear findings, and results for public reference.