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Journal articles on the topic "Unified process model"

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OGINO, Yosuke, and Yoshinori HIRATA. "A unified numerical model of MIG welding process." QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY 34, no. 1 (2016): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/qjjws.34.35.

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Durugbo, Christopher, and Kulwant Pawar. "A unified model of the co-creation process." Expert Systems with Applications 41, no. 9 (2014): 4373–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2014.01.007.

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Meged, Avichai, and Roy Gelbard. "A Unified Fuzzy Data Model." Journal of Database Management 23, no. 1 (2012): 78–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdm.2012010104.

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A novel fuzzy data representation model which enables data mining with standard tools is introduced. Many data elements in the world are fuzzy in nature. There is an obvious need to represent and process such data effectively and efficiently, using the same standard tools for crisp data that are popular with researchers and practitioners alike. Currently, however, standard tools cannot process or analyze data that are not adequately represented. The comprehensive data representation model put forward here extends principles of binary databases and provides a unified approach to all types of data: discrete and continuous, crisp and fuzzy. The model is illustrated on a baseline dataset and tested in clustering experiments matched against controlled groupings and a real dataset. The tests confirm that the implementation of the model not only enables the use of standard tools but also yields better results as regards segmentation and clustering of fuzzy datasets.
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Hu, De-zhi. "A unified model in the pulsed laser ablation process." Optoelectronics Letters 4, no. 4 (2008): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11801-008-7145-0.

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Gummah, Raed. "Improved Rational Unified Process (RUP) MODEL using Agile Features." International Journal of Computers and Informatics 2, no. 7 (2023): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.59992/ijci.2023.v2n7p1.

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Communication plays a crucial role during the software development process using various models. However, it is not sufficiently practiced in some effective models, which impairs its performance. Diverse customized models used in the software industry such eXtreme Programming (XP) and Rational Unified Process (RUP). Each of these models has advantages that distinguish it from the other and make it unique. Agile models such as XP is distinguished from others as 'RUP' by its focus on effective practical activities, including communication practices for better customer satisfaction and engineering practices. But the shortcomings in document-driven approach as RUP limits its capabilities, makes it not adapt to changing requirements, and does not provide best practices for simplicity. Communication between the user and the owner of the product with the work team is a valuable aspect of the software development process and should not be neglected. The purpose of this paper is to focus on using communication practices that take place in XP model as one of the agile methodologies and how they can enhance performance of RUP model. In this paper, a new enhanced RUB framework will be proposed for better communication practices through the software development process.
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Fang, Hai Guang, Min Liu, and Jing Liu. "Research on Educational Software Unified Process Model Based on Education Domain Knowledge." Advanced Materials Research 271-273 (July 2011): 1279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.271-273.1279.

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The concept of educational software and the development process are inconsistent in the educational software engineering. Based on education domain knowledge, educational software can be divided into three types: educational network resources, learning platforms and teaching management information systems. And the process of educational software development can be described as Educational Software Unified Process Model. This paper proposes the Educational Software Unified Process Model with five stages mentioned above based on Waterfall model, and illustrates that its key processes for the requirement analysis phase is the use-case analysis and for the design phase is platform architecture, and describes a detailed analysis to the central role of document-driving in the Educational Software Unified Process Model. At last, the Educational Software Unified Process Model is strongly supported by some cases in our related projects development.
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Tia, Tuti Karen, and Wahyu Andhyka Kusuma. "MODEL SIMULASI PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT LUNAK MENGGUNAKAN RATIONAL UNIFIED PROCESS (RUP)." Teknika: Engineering and Sains Journal 2, no. 1 (2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.51804/tesj.v2i1.226.33-40.

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Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak menyajikan prosedur yang digunakan untuk pengembangan proyek perangkat lunak. Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) adalah proses atau metodologi untuk pengembangan proyek yang memiliki tahapan tertentu sesuai dengan tujuan dan sasaran proyek. Setiap SDLC memiliki tahapan yang berbeda-beda. Salah satu model SDLC yang akan dibahas pada penelitian ini adalah Rational Unified Process (RUP). Terdapat empat fase dalam RUP, yaitu inception, elaboration, construction dan transition. Seringkali pengembangan perangkat lunak tidak sesuai dengan perkiraan awal yang sudah ditentukan. Sehingga hal tersebut berpengaruh pada hasil dan kualitas dari perangkat lunak yang dihasilkan. Oleh karena itu perencanaan pada awal pengembangan proyek sangat penting untuk dilakukan, mulai dari penentuan jumlah tim, biaya dan waktu pengembangan proyek. Karena terdapat berbagai jenis proyek pada pengembangan perangkat lunak yaitu, proyek skala kecil, proyek skala menengah dan proyek skala besar. Setiap jenis proyek memiliki kebutuhan sumber saya yang berbeda. Pada penelitian ini mengusulkan sebuah model simulasi untuk pengembangan proyek menggunakan Rational Unified Process. Simulasi dilakukan untuk membantu manajer proyek dalam menentukan jumlah sumber daya yang optimal dengan waktu minimum agar produktivitas perusahaan dapat meningkat. Pembuatan model simulasi dilakukan pada komputer dengan menggunakan alat bantu simulator yaitu Simphony.NET.
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Tia, Tuti, Ilyas Nuryasin, and Maskur Maskur. "Model Simulasi Rational Unified Process (RUP) Pada Pegembagan Perangkat Lunak." Jurnal Repositor 2, no. 4 (2020): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/repositor.v2i4.390.

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Abstract Pada pengembangan perangkat lunak terdapat beberapa jenis metodologi yang dapat digunakan, salah satunya adalah Rational Unified Process (RUP). RUP merupakan salah satu jenis proses pengembangan perangkat lunak yang digunakan di berbagai perusahaan perangkat lunak. Terdapat berbagai jenis proyek pada pengembangan perangkat lunak RUP, yaitu proyek yang dibangun dari awal dan memiliki skala kecil, proyek yang memiliki skala besar dan proyek pengembangan dari sistem yang sudah dibangun sebelumnya. Setiap jenis proyek memiliki kebutuhan yang berbeda, terutama dalam penggunaan setiap peran. Pada RUP terdapat beberapa peran penting yang tidak dapat dilakukan oleh satu individu karena harus bekerja pada saat bersamaan. Pada dasarnya tujuan dari RUP adalah dapat menghasilkan perangkat lunak yang berkualitas tinggi. Hal tersebut tidak dapat tercapai apabila penggunaan peran yang kurang tepat. Penelitian ini mengusulkan jumlah peran yang dibutuhkan untuk pengembangan perangkat lunak menggunakan RUP dengan membuat model simulasi. Tujuan dari pembuatan model simulasi ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran yang sesuai berdasarkan setiap jenis proyek. Hasil dari model simulasi yaitu berupa persentase dari setiap peran yang dibutuhkan, project manager memiliki persentase terbesar dibandingkan dengan peran lainnya, yaitu sebesar 76% pada proyek skala kecil dan 60% pada proyek skala besar.AbstractIn software development there are several types of methodologies that can be used, one of which is Rational Unified Process (RUP). RUP is of software development process used in various software companies. There are various types of projects in RUP software development, small scale project, large-scale projects and re-engineering projects. Each type of project has different needs, especially in the use of each role. In RUP there are several important roles that cannot be done by an individual because they have to work at the same time. Basically the purpose of the RUP is to be able to produce high quality software. This cannot be achieved if the inappropriate role is used. This study proposes the number of roles needed for software development using RUP by creating simulation models. The purpose of simulation model is to determine the appropriate role based on each type of project. The results of the simulation model are in the form of a percentage of each role needed, the project manager has the largest percentage compared to other roles, which is 76% in small-scale projects and 60% in large-scale projects.
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Holm, Erik J., and Hans Petter Langtangen. "A unified finite element model for the injection molding process." Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 178, no. 3-4 (1999): 413–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-7825(99)00029-8.

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Rasovska, Ivaoa, Brigitte Chebel-Morello, and Noureddioe Zerhouni. "A Conceptual Model of Maintenance Process in Unified Modeling Language." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 37, no. 4 (2004): 497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)36163-3.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Unified process model"

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Skogstad, Philipp Leo Stefan. "A unified innovation process model for engineering designers and managers /." May be available electronically:, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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Bednarz, Andrzej. "Transformation of Rational Unified Process analysis model to design model according to architectural patterns." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för programvarusystem, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5981.

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Applying Rational Unified Process (RUP) in a project means to develop a set of models before the system could be implemented. The models depict the essentials of the system from requirements to detailed design. They facilitate getting a system that has appropriate and rich documentation (therefore highly maintainable) and addresses user needs. However, creation of the models may cause overheads since a lot of work has to be put to elaborate the artefacts. In this paper a method that makes RUP more efficient is proposed. The method makes use of the fact that every subsequent model is developed basing on the previous model. In other words, models are successively transformed from requirements up to executable code. In particular, design model bases on an analysis model. The proposed method applies automatic model transformation from an analysis model to a design model. Firstly, an approach for performing automatic transformation is chosen. Secondly, a tool applying this approach is implemented. Finally, the transformation tool is tested and evaluated in an empirical study. The results show that automation of model transformation may be beneficial, and therefore can help in getting better systems in shorten time.
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Leopold, Henrik, der Aa Han van, Fabian Pittke, Manuel Raffel, Jan Mendling, and Hajo A. Reijers. "Searching textual and model-based process descriptions based on a unified data format." Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10270-017-0649-y.

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Documenting business processes using process models is common practice in many organizations. However, not all process information is best captured in process models. Hence, many organizations complement these models with textual descriptions that specify additional details. The problem with this supplementary use of textual descriptions is that existing techniques for automatically searching process repositories are limited to process models. They are not capable of taking the information from textual descriptions into account and, therefore, provide incomplete search results. In this paper, we address this problem and propose a technique that is capable of searching textual as well as model-based process descriptions. It automatically extracts activity-related and behavioral information from both descriptions types and stores it in a unified data format. An evaluation with a large Austrian bank demonstrates that the additional consideration of textual descriptions allows us to identify more relevant processes from a repository.
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Jayaweera, Prasad M. "A Unified Framework for e-Commerce Systems Development : Business Process Pattern Perspective." Doctoral thesis, Kista : Dept. of Computer and Systems Sciences [Institutionen för Data- och Systemvetenskap], Univ./KTH, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-219.

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Marek, Jan. "Model klienta veřejné správy z pohledu Unified Foundational Ontology." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-359120.

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The thesis deals with possibilities of using Unified Foundational Ontology in modeling the onto-logical model of the public administration client, which was created as a result of the Optimiza-tion of life situations in relation to the Register of Rights and Obligations project. The main aim of this thesis is to extend and propose a modification of the current methodology of modeling the ontological model of the public administration client corresponding to the UFO-A ontology. By analyzing the current methodology and ontological model, it proposes the incorporation of OntoUML, which is based on UFO-A ontology. Its key benefit is the methodology of modeling the ontological model of the public administration client corresponding to the UFO-A ontology. The proposed methodology is presented in a case study.
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Manzoni, Lisandra Vielmo. "Uso de sistema de gerência de workflow para apoiar o desenvolvimento de software baseado no processo unificado da Rational estendido para alcançar níveis 2 e 3 do modelo de maturidade." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/11733.

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Este trabalho descreve a avaliação do Processo Unificado Rational (RUP) realizada com base no Modelo de Maturidade da Capacitação (CMM ou SW-CMM), e a utilização de um sistema de gerência de workflow comercial, Exchange 2000 Server, na implementação de um protótipo de um ambiente de apoio a este processo, chamado de Ambiente de Gerenciamento de Projetos (AGP). O Processo Unificado Rational (RUP) foi avaliado com relação às práticas-chave descritas pelo Modelo de Maturidade da Capacitação (CMM) do Software Engineering Institute (SEI), da Carnegie Mellon University. A avaliação identificou o suporte fornecido por este modelo de processo às organizações que desejam alcançar níveis 2 e 3 do CMM. A avaliação resultou na elaboração de propostas para complementar as macro-atividades (Core Workflows) do RUP, visando satisfazer as práticas-chave do CMM. O CMM apresenta um modelo de avaliação de processo que busca atingir a maturidade dos processos da organização, é específico para o desenvolvimento de software, os aspectos de melhoria contínua são fortemente evidenciados e várias organizações já estão utilizando-o com sucesso. O RUP surgiu como uma proposta de unificar as melhores práticas de desenvolvimento de software. Foi experimentada a utilização de um sistema de gerência de workflow, de fato um servidor de colaboração, para apoiar o processo de desenvolvimento de software. A ferramenta desenvolvida foi avaliada com base em requisitos considerados, por alguns autores da área, desejáveis em um ambiente de apoio ao processo de desenvolvimento. O protótipo do ambiente de gerenciamento de projetos é uma ferramenta de suporte baseada na Web, que visa auxiliar os gerentes de projeto de software nas atividades de gerenciamento e controle, e ajudar na interação e troca de informações entre os membros da equipe de desenvolvimento. O Processo Unificado apresenta uma abordagem bem-definida dos processos de engenharia de software e de gerenciamento de projetos de software, mas não se concentra em atividades de gerenciamento de sistemas. Ele apresenta lacunas em atividades envolvendo gerenciamento de recursos humanos, gerenciamento de custos e gerenciamento de aquisição. AGP é uma ferramenta flexível que pode ser acessada pela Internet, suporta a colaboração entre os membros de uma equipe, e oferece os benefícios da Web, como navegação intuitiva através de links e páginas. Esta ferramenta ajuda no suporte ao gerenciamento, fornecendo opções para planejar e monitorar o projeto, e suporta eventos, como mudança de estados, e comunicação aos usuários de suas novas tarefas.<br>This master dissertation describes the assessment of the Rational Unified Process (RUP) based on the Capability Maturity Model for Software (SW-CMM or CMM), and the implementation of a prototype tool to support this process based on of-the-shelf Workflow Management System, Exchange 2000 Server. The prototype developed is called Project Management Environment (PME). Rational Unified Process (RUP) was assessed based on the key practices described for the Capability Maturity Model (CMM) at the Carnegie Mellon Software Engineering Institute. The assessment identified the facilities that RUP offers to support an organization aiming at CMM levels 2 and 3. The assessment resulted in the elaboration of propositions to complement the Rational Unified Process in order to satisfy the key process areas of CMM. CMM shows a process model that is far fetched to reach the process maturity of an organization, is specific for the software development, and strongly emphasizes the aspects of continuous improvement and several organizations already used it with success. RUP describes how to apply best practices of software engineering. It was experimented the use of a Workflow Management System, in fact a collaboration server, to support the software development process. The experimental environment was assessed considering the requirements identified by various researchers for an environment to effectively support a software development process. The prototype software development environment is a web-based process support system, which provides means to assist the management of software development projects and help the interaction and exchange of information between disperse members of a development. The Rational Unified Process presents a well defined approach on software project management and software engineering processes, but it is not an approach centered on systems management concerns. Therefore it lacks activities involving issues as cost management, human resource management, communications management, and procurement management. PME is a flexible tool that can be accessed through the Internet, supporting the collaboration between team members, and offering the benefits of the Web, with intuitive navigation through of links and pages. It helps to support management control, providing options to plan and monitor the project, and supports events of the process, as changing states, and communicates users of their attributed tasks.
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Honda, Agnes Narimatsu. "O ecodesign por meio da avaliação do ciclo de vida no processo de desenvolvimento de produto: uma proposta baseada em estudo de caso." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18156/tde-27012015-115102/.

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A demanda acelerada por novos produtos e a crescente preocupação ambiental no mundo vem aumentado a importância do Ecodesign. A Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) é uma técnica utilizada para avaliar o desempenho ambiental de um produto, sendo bastante adequada à prática do Ecodesign. No entanto, observa-se que essa técnica não é amplamente aplicada nas empresas, principalmente devido a dificuldade no gerenciamento das informações necessárias e geradas na avaliação. Portanto, esse trabalho apresenta uma proposta para aplicar o Ecodesign através da ACV no Processo de Desenvolvimento de Produtos (PDP). Para isso, fez-se uma análise das entradas e saídas das fases do PDP e da ACV, assim como avaliou-se sugestões da literatura para aplicar a ACV no desenvolvimento de produtos. Em seguida, realizou-se um estudo de caso em uma empresa que desenvolveu um produto com melhor desempenho ambiental ao aplicar a ACV no seu desenvolvimento, resultando em uma proposta de procedimento. Por fim, realizou-se uma análise crítica dessa proposta através da consulta a profissionais do PDP da empresa. As principais conclusões enfatizam a importância da ACV no pré e pós desenvolvimento. Além disso, para o procedimento proposto ser executado de forma sistemática, o direcionamento estratégico da empresa é fundamental para orientar a tomada de decisão de forma a incluir a ACV no desenvolvimento de produtos.<br>The accelerated demand for new products and the increasing environmental awareness in the world are enhancing the Ecodesign importance. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique used to evaluate the environmental performance of a product, being very suitable for the Ecodesign execution. However, it is observed that this technique is not widely applied in the companies, mainly due to the difficulty to manage the necessary and generated information related to an assessment. Therefore, this work presents a proposal to apply the Ecodesign through the use of LCA in the Product Development Process (PDP). Firstly, the inputs and outputs of all LCA and PDP phases were analyzed, and sugestions found in the literature on how to apply the LCA in the product development were evaluated. Then a study case was conducted in a company that developed a product with an enhanced environmental performance when applied LCA in its development, resulting in a proposed procedure. Lastly, a critical analysis evaluated the proposal by consulting professionals that work in the company\'s PDP. The main findings emphasize the importance of the LCA in the pre and post development. Moreover, to have the proposed procedure executed systematically, the company´s strategic direction is fundamental to orient the decision making in order to include LCA in the product development process.
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demirci, özlem. "Development of MBSE/UML Maturity Model." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Data- och elektroteknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-13159.

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Cintra, Caroline Carbonell. "A implementação de um processo de engenharia de requisitos baseado no Processo Unificado da Rational (RUP) alcançando nível 3 de Maturidade da Integração de Modelos de Capacidade e Maturidade (CMMI) incluindo a utilização de práticas de métodos ágeis." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/8128.

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Este trabalho descreve a definição e institucionalização de um processo de engenharia de requisitos que está em conformidade com as áreas de processo do CMMI (Capability Maturity Model) de Gerência de Requisitos e Desenvolvimento de Requisitos e cujos componentes (atividades, papéis, produtos de trabalho) são baseados em RUP (Rational Unified Process). A principal contribuição deste estudo é a definição de um processo de engenharia de requisitos baseado em abordagens de desenvolvimento diferenciadas, que foi implantado em uma organização específica, com foco em praticidade, eficiência e retorno do investimento. A implantação do processo em projetos reais permitiu sua experimentação, avaliação e refinamento, validando as alternativas de integração utilizadas para empregar as abordagens de desenvolvimento escolhidas. Complementando o processo proposto, como decorrência do foco em eficiência, são consideradas possibilidades de emprego de práticas de métodos ágeis na execução do processo, com o intuito de aumentar a produtividade do mesmo, sustentando sua garantia de qualidade. O processo proposto é descrito, do método de concepção aos passos envolvidos e artefatos gerados em cada atividade. Também são comentadas as etapas e áreas de trabalho envolvidas na institucionalização do trabalho.<br>This research depicts the definition and institutionalization of a requirements engineering process which is in conformance to CMMI (Capability Maturity Model) Requirements Management and Requirements Development process areas. The proposed process components (activities, roles, work products) are based on Rational Unified Process (RUP) process framework. The proposed process main contribution is the definition of a requirements engineering process, leveraging such diverse development approaches, which was implemented in a specific organization, focusing on practicality, efficiency and return on investment. Implementing such process in real projects has promoted its experimentation, evaluation and refinement, validating the integration alternatives used to bring together the chosen development approaches. The possibility of employing agile methods practices through the process execution is discussed, aiming at increasing the process productivity, while assuring product quality. The proposed process details are described, from method conception to each activity steps and generated artifacts. The process institutionalization phases and work areas are also commented.
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Patočka, Miroslav. "Informační systém pro správu projektů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-222524.

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The diploma thesis focuses on analysis of software tools used in a softwarehouse company. It contains detailed assessment of a used project management information system, business process design and information system modification. The thesis also includes complete implementation of a module for cost calculation of software projects. The module is based on Use Case Points method.
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Books on the topic "Unified process model"

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Bartoli, Gianni, Francesco Ricciardelli, Anna Saetta, and Vincenzo Sepe, eds. Performance of Wind Exposed Structures. Firenze University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-156-4.

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PERBACCO (a free Italian acronym for Life-cycle Performance, Innovation and Design Criteria for Structures and Infrastructures Facing Æolian and Other Natural Hazards) is a research project partly funded by the Italian Ministry for University (MIUR) in the PRIN (Progetti di Ricerca di Interesse Nazionale) framework, for the years 2004-05.Within the project, a first attempt has been made to integrate different disciplines aiming at an overall optimization of the performance of a wide range of wind exposed structures and infrastructures, with consequent benefi cial impact on the society.The overall objectives were (a) to provide unifi ed concepts for "expected performance" and "risks induced by æolian and other natural hazards", to be applied to structures and infrastructures over their whole life-cycle, such to be acceptable to stakeholders in the construction process (i.e. from the owner to the end-user), (b) to provide models and methodologies for dynamic monitoring of the performance of structures and infrastructures, to be integrated in appropriately designed procedures, and (c) to collect, refi ne, fi le and disseminate the knowledge available on a European basis, concerning the performance of wind-exposed structures and facilities, in a way such to be of use to Construction Industry. This volume summarises the main results obtained during the Project, with each Section addressing a different class of problems, to which many research Units have contributed. A list of papers containing the main results of the research activities carried out within the Project is also provided in each Section.
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Codrons, Benoît. Process Modelling for Control: A Unified Framework Using Standard Black-Box Techniques. Springer London, Limited, 2010.

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Codrons, Benoît. Process Modelling for Control: A Unified Framework Using Standard Black-Box Techniques. Springer London, Limited, 2005.

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Buchler, Justin. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190865580.003.0001.

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Spatial theory is divided between models of elections and models of roll call voting, neither of which alone can explain congressional polarization. This chapter discusses the history of spatial theory, why it is important to link the two strands of spatial models, and the value of reversing the order of conventional models. Conventional models place an election before policy decisions are made. This chapter proposes a unified spatial model of Congress in which the conventional order is reversed. First, there is a legislative session, then an election in which voters respond retrospectively, not to the locations candidates claim to hold, but to the bundles of roll call votes that incumbents cast to incrementally adopt their locations in the policy space. Such a model is best suited to explaining three puzzles: why do legislators adopt extreme positions, how do they win, and what role do parties play in the process?
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Buchler, Justin. Incremental Polarization. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190865580.001.0001.

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This book provides a unified spatial model of legislative elections, parties, and roll call voting to address three primary questions: why do legislators adopt extreme positions, how do they win given their extremism, and what role do parties play in promoting polarization? The book links spatial models of elections to spatial models of roll call voting in the legislature, and suggests that the key to understanding polarization is to reverse the order of conventional models and place the legislative session before the election because legislators adopt positions in the policy space, extreme or otherwise, through the incremental process of casting roll call votes. Linking a spatial model of an election to a model of roll call voting, the book derives the following. When a legislative caucus is ideologically homogeneous, electorally diverse, and policy motivated, it will empower party leaders to solve the collective action problem of sincere voting by counterbalancing members’ electoral pressure to vote as centrists. The result is that the caucus achieves policy goals at the cost of some electoral security, but agenda paradoxes minimize the electoral damage done, so most incumbents win re-election anyway at only slightly diminished margins. This model explains the development of polarization in the House of Representatives throughout the post–World War II period, and key votes on legislation such as the Affordable Care Act. Moreover, even the unusual politics within the Republican Party during the divided government period from 2011 through 2016 follow naturally from extensions of the model.
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Bolton, Martha Brandt. Modes and Composite Material Things According to Descartes and Locke. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815037.003.0006.

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This chapter deals with the ontology of bodies in Locke’s Essay. In Descartes’s ontology, a created substance, or its principal attribute, unifies the many modes that belong to that substance; by contrast, Locke’s ontology includes not only substances and their qualities, but also composite entities which contain substances but are unified by modes. Locke, it is argued, seeks to adapt the apparent unity of living things, e.g. oaks, horses, and human beings, to the (Cartesian) mechanistic doctrine that matter is a substance. His concepts of inner constitution and identity are designed to give a metaphysical account of the unity of the ordinary entities that are salient in our experience. There is nothing corresponding to this in the Cartesian texts. They purport to explain the unity among qualities of mercury, salt, etc., and the processes carried on by plants and animals on the basis of physical theory, not metaphysics.
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Thompson, William R. Constructing a General Model Accounting for Interstate Rivalry Termination. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.291.

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Unlike many topics in international relations, a large number of models characterize interstate rivalry termination processes. But many of these models tend to focus on different parts of the rivalry termination puzzle. It is possible, however, to create a general model built around a core of shocks, expectation changes, reciprocity, and reinforcement. Twenty additional elements can be linked as alternative forms of catalysts/shocks and perceptual shifts or as facilitators of the core processes. All 24 constituent elements can be encompassed by the general model, which allows for a fair amount of flexibility in delineating alternative pathways to rivalry de-escalation and termination at different times and in different places. The utility of the unified model is then applied in an illustrative fashion to the Anglo-American rivalry, which ended early in the 20th century.
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Toren, Christina. Human Ontogenies as Historical Processes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823650.003.0010.

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Across the human sciences one finds theoretical perspectives that recognize the nature–culture distinction as untenable. At the same time, the gap between demonstrating its inadequacy and developing a viable alternative approach is wide indeed. The recognition that autopoiesis (self-creation, self-production) is through and through a historical process puts paid to ideas of culture and nature as analytical categories. In the case of humans and other social organisms, autopoiesis is necessarily grounded in relations with others. This chapter explores the idea of history as lived (that is to say, embodied), and argues for a unified model of human being that is able to provide for, and explain, how we humans come to be who we are in all our historical particularity and, in the self-same process, how we make sense of ourselves and the world.
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Hobson, J. Allan. The Chemistry of Conscious States: Toward a Unified Model of the Brain and the Mind. 2nd ed. Little Brown & Co (P), 1996.

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Kurien, Prema A. Claiming Citizenship. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197784082.001.0001.

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Abstract Claiming Citizenship focuses on Indian American civic and political activism in the U.S. public sphere around U.S.-based and India-based issues. Indian Americans are a group of interest to study immigrant and diasporic politics since they are a rising political force whose patterns of activism do not follow the unified model of mobilization of other powerful American ethnic groups. They have multiple types of advocacy organizations: those mobilizing around an Indian American identity; those mobilizing around a South Asian American identity; organizations for Indian Americans of Hindu, Sikh, Muslim, Christian, and Buddhist backgrounds; organizations representing Indian American Democrats and Republicans; and even combinations of these such as the Republican Hindu Coalition that mobilized around Donald Trump’s candidacy in 2016. There are also generational differences between second-generation members and the immigrant generation. Unified ethnic mobilization is rare and does not take place through a single professional advocacy organization, or even through well-coordinated campaigns. The book examines the dialectical process through which immigrants conform to the structures and cultures of the society they have immigrated to but also work to transform it to accommodate their unique needs. It shows the relative roles played by domestic and international influences on the political mobilization of immigrant groups in the United States as well as the importance of social media in shaping these mobilizations. Claiming Citizenship presents an excellent template to understand how religion, national identity, race, and pan-ethnicity interact in ethnic politics, in addition to examining the role that generational status plays in determining some of these patterns.
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Book chapters on the topic "Unified process model"

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Korthaus, Axel, and Stefan Kuhlins. "Booster*Process: A Software Development Process Model Integrating Business Object Technology and UML." In The Unified Modeling Language. «UML»’98: Beyond the Notation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48480-6_17.

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Giannoulis, Constantinos, Jelena Zdravkovic, and Michaël Petit. "Model-Driven Strategic Awareness: From a Unified Business Strategy Meta-Model (UBSMM) to Enterprise Architecture." In Enterprise, Business-Process and Information Systems Modeling. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31072-0_18.

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Skogstad, Philipp, and Larry Leifer. "A Unified Innovation Process Model for Engineering Designers and Managers." In Design Thinking. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13757-0_2.

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Kivisto, Kari. "Considerations of and Suggestions for a UML-Specific Process Model." In The Unified Modeling Language. «UML»’98: Beyond the Notation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48480-6_23.

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Veitaite, Ilona, and Audrius Lopata. "Knowledge-Based UML Dynamic Models Generation from Enterprise Model in Hospital Information Management Process Example." In Intelligent Systems for Sustainable Person-Centered Healthcare. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79353-1_12.

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AbstractThe main purpose of this paper is to present knowledge-based Enterprise model (EM) sufficiency as data repository for Unified Modelling Language (UML) models generation. UML models are one of the most usable modelling languages in system lifecycle design stage, despite the problem domain of the system. UML models can be generated from Enterprise Model by using particular transformation algorithms presented in previous researches. Generation process from Enterprise model is represented by certain Hospital Information Management process example. Generated UML dynamic Use Case, Activity, Sequence and State models of different perspectives of Hospital Information Management process prove sufficiency of stored information in Enterprise model.
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Alvarez, Jhon, and Julio Hurtado. "UP-VSE: A Unified Process - Based Lifecycle Model for Very Small Entities." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98998-3_21.

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Egli, Dennis B. "Introduction." In Applied crop physiology: understanding the fundamentals of grain crop management. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245950.0001.

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Abstract This chapter focuses on crop management as the foundation of production agriculture. It provides information needed to construct a unified model of the yield production process that applies to all grain crops.
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Terzidis, Orestis, and Leonid Vogel. "A Unified Model of the Technology Push Process and Its Application in a Workshop Setting." In FGF Studies in Small Business and Entrepreneurship. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73509-2_6.

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Di Ciccio, Claudio, and Marco Montali. "Declarative Process Specifications: Reasoning, Discovery, Monitoring." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08848-3_4.

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AbstractThe declarative specification of business processes is based upon the elicitation of behavioural rules that constrain the legal executions of the process. The carry-out of the process is up to the actors, who can vary the execution dynamics as long as they do not violate the constraints imposed by the declarative model. The constraints specify the conditions that require, permit or forbid the execution of activities, possibly depending on the occurrence (or absence) of other ones. In this chapter, we review the main techniques for process mining using declarative process specifications, which we call declarative process mining. In particular, we focus on three fundamental tasks of (1) reasoning on declarative process specifications, which is in turn instrumental to their (2) discovery from event logs and their (3) monitoring against running process executions to promptly detect violations. We ground our review on Declare, one of the most widely studied declarative process specification languages. Thanks to the fact that Declare can be formalized using temporal logics over finite traces, we exploit the automata-theoretic characterization of such logics as the core, unified algorithmic basis to tackle reasoning, discovery, and monitoring. We conclude the chapter with a discussion on recent advancements in declarative process mining, considering in particular multi-perspective extensions of the original approach.
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Varga, Monika, Gergo Gyalog, Janos Raso, Balazs Kucska, and Bela Csukas. "Programmable Process Structures of Unified Elements for Model-Based Planning and Operation of Complex Agri-environmental Processes." In Information and Communication Technologies for Agriculture—Theme III: Decision. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84152-2_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Unified process model"

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Goldstein, Dominik P., Lukas Schulze Balhorn, Achmad Anggawirya Alimin, and Artur M. Schweidtmann. "pyDEXPI: A Python framework for piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs) using the DEXPI information model." In The 35th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering. PSE Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.69997/sct.139043.

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Developing piping and instrumentation diagrams�(P&amp;IDs) is a fundamental task in process engineering. For designing complex installations, such as petroleum plants, multiple departments across several companies are involved in refining and updating these diagrams, creating significant challenges in data exchange between different software platforms from various vendors. The primary challenge in this context is interoperability, which refers to the seamless exchange and interpretation of information to collectively pursue shared objectives. To enhance the P&amp;ID creation process, a unified, machine-readable data format for P&amp;ID data is essential. A promising candidate is the Data Exchange in the Process Industry�(DEXPI) standard. We present pyDEXPI, an open-source implementation of the DEXPI format for P&amp;IDs in Python. pyDEXPI makes P&amp;ID data more efficient to handle, more flexible, and more interoperable. We envision that, with further development, pyDEXPI will act as a central scientific computing library for the domain of digital process engineering, facilitating interoperability and the application of data analytics and generative artificial intelligence on P&amp;IDs. We provide the pyDEXPI package with the documentation on GitHub at https://github.com/process-intelligence-research/pyDEXPI.
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Keestra, Hilbert, Yordi Slotboom, Kevin H. R. Rouwenhorst, and Derk W. F. Brilman. "A Century of Data: Thermodynamics and Kinetics for Ammonia Synthesis on Various Commercial Iron-based Catalysts." In The 35th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering. PSE Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.69997/sct.128811.

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This work presents an improved thermodynamic model, an equilibrium model, and a unified kinetic model for ammonia synthesis. The thermodynamic model accurately describes the non-ideality of the reaction system up to 1000 bar using a modified Soave-Redlich-Kwong Equation-of-State. The developed Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model accurately describes ammonia synthesis on iron-based catalysts by incorporating N* and H* surface species, whereas H* species are mainly relevant below 400�C. The model fits an extensive dataset across diverse conditions (251-550�C, 1-324 bar, H2/N2 ratios 0.33-8.5, and space velocities of 1-1800 Nm3 kg-cat-1 h-1) and accounts for catalyst activity variations through a Relative Catalytic Activity factor.
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Hu, Yujie, Lingyu Zhu, Han Gong, and Xi Chen. "Data-Driven Dynamic Process Modeling Using Temporal RNN Incorporating Output Variable Autocorrelation and Stacked Autoencoder." In The 35th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering. PSE Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.69997/sct.150053.

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Dynamic process modeling in process industries has been extensively studied, especially with the development of deep learning techniques. Recurrent neural networks (RNN) and stacked autoencoders (SAE) are two powerful tools for dynamic modeling and data processing. However, most existing research primarily focuses on extracting features from process input data, often neglecting the temporal autocorrelation of output variables. In this work, a hierarchical model based on time-series RNN structure is proposed. The upper layer employs a long short-term memory (LSTM) network to extract temporal features from process input data. The lower layer uses a gated recurrent unit (GRU) to model the temporal dependencies of output variables across samples. These two parts are concatenated to form the model. Additionally, SAE is utilized to perform dimensionality reduction and reconstruction of process input, seamlessly integrating the reconstruction process with the RNN into a unified framework, termed the AR-SAE-RNN model. Distributed training is employed to effectively learn the model parameters. The proposed AR-SAE-RNN model has been applied to an industrial distillation column. The results demonstrate the model's effectiveness in capturing the dynamic behavior of the system.
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Brands, Ren�, Vikas Kumar Mishra, Jens Bartsch, Mohammad Al Khatib, Markus Thommes, and Naim Bajcinca. "From Experiment Design to Data-Driven Modeling of Powder Compaction Process." In The 35th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering. PSE Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.69997/sct.101076.

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Tableting is a dry granulation process for compacting powder blends into tablets. In this process, a blend of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and excipients are fed into the hopper of a rotary tablet press via feeders. Inside the tablet press, rotating feed frame paddle wheels fill powder into dies, with tablet mass adjusted by the lower punch position during the die filling process. Pre-compression rolls press air out of the die, while main compression rolls apply the force necessary for compacting the powder into tablets. In this paper, process variables such as feeder screw speeds, feed frame impeller speed, lower punch position during die filling, and punch distance during main compression have been systematically varied. Corresponding responses, including pre-compression force, ejection force, and tablet porosity have been evaluated to optimize the tableting process. After implementing an open platform communications unified architecture (OPC UA) interface, process variables can be monitored in real-time. To enable in-line monitoring of tablet porosity, a novel UV/Vis fiber optic probe has been implemented into the rotary tablet press. To further analyze the overall process, a data-driven modeling approach is adopted. Data-driven modeling is a valuable alternative to modeling real-world processes where, for instance, first principles modeling is difficult or infeasible. Due to the complex nature of the powder compaction process, several model classes need to be explored. To begin with, linear autoregressive models with exogenous inputs (ARX) have been considered. Thereafter, nonlinear autoregressive models with exogenous inputs (NARX) have been considered. Notably, several experiments have been designed to gather the data required for the development of the model.
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Ture, Umut, Selahattin Sarsilmaz, Ismail Sahin, and Ugur Zengin. "Optimization of Flight Control System and Handling Quality Evaluation of a Limited Authority Helicopter." In Vertical Flight Society 71st Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0071-2015-10179.

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Flight control system, which is being designed for a limited authority helicopter, is optimized to achieve predicted Level 1 Handling Quality (HQ) of the Aeronautical Design Standard (ADS)-33E-PRF for hover and low speed quantitative criteria. The evaluations are based on high fidelity linear models and Nonlinear Math Model (NLMM), constructed in FLIGHTLAB® and Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI) Indigenous Rotorcraft Simulation (TIRS). Control system design parameters are optimized via Control Designer's Unified Interface (CONDUIT®) for linearized model. HQ assessment in NLMM has been repeated with the optimized control system design parameters to evaluate whether the design meets Level 1 HQ or not. The main goal of this paper is to perform optimization for the control system design parameters by using math models during preliminary design process.
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Fan, Yiming, Peiyuan Zhou, David Forrester, Brian Ju, and Fotis Kopsaftopoulos. "Evaluation of Local and Global Diagnostics for the Integration of Stochastic Time Series Models and Variational Autoencoders: Experimental Assessment on a Full Scale Helicopter Blade." In Vertical Flight Society 80th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0080-2024-1371.

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In this work, a unified framework integrating global and local SHM methods for structural health monitoring (SHM) of rotorcraft structures is proposed. This framework integrates both "local" ultrasonic-guided wave-based and "global" vibration-based SHM schemes for tackling damage detection, identification, and quantification under uncertainty. The local SHM is completed by training a variation of variational auto-encoder (MMD-VAE) along with feed-forward neural networks (FFNN). The compressed latent space vector obtained during the training process is applied to achieve both signal reconstruction and state prediction. In terms of the global model, functionally pooled auto-regressive models with exogenous excitation (VFP-ARX) models are applied including to capture low-frequency vibrations. The complete experimental evaluation and assessment of the proposed framework are presented for an Airbus H125 helicopter blade under both low-frequency vibrations and ultrasonic guided waves for SHM.
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Riccobene, Elvinia, Patrizia Scandurra, Alberto Rosti, and Sara Bocchio. "Designing a Unified Process for Embedded Systems." In Fourth International Workshop on Model-Based Methodologies for Pervasive and Embedded Software (MOMPES'07). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mompes.2007.5.

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Ohsawa, Keikichi, Chikako Miyake, and Masaaki Shinohara. "MIND TRANSITION MODEL -A UNIFIED MODEL OF AHP AND ANP-." In The International Symposium on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Creative Decisions Foundation, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/isahp.y2003.029.

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Maeder, Patrick, Ilka Philippow, and Matthias Riebisch. "A Traceability Link Model for the Unified Process." In Eighth ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel/Distributed Computing (SNPD 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/snpd.2007.342.

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Yassin, Soha M., Ibrahim F. Moawad, Rania El Gohary, and Mohamed F. Tolba. "Ontology-based model for Rational Unified Process artifacts traceability." In 2012 Seventh International Conference on Computer Engineering & Systems (ICCES). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icces.2012.6408522.

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Reports on the topic "Unified process model"

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Lenahan, Jack. An Abstract Process and Metrics Model for Evaluating Unified Command and Control: A Scenario and Technology Agnostic Approach. Defense Technical Information Center, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada465999.

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Herman, Brook, Todd Swannack, Molly Reif, Nathan Richards, Tomma Barnes, and Candice Piercy. Framework for a general restoration model for ecosystems with anadromous fish for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Phase 1 : conceptual model development. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46645.

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Salmonid species are critically important ecologically, socially, and economically for North American coastal regions. Alterations to the structure (e.g., channelization) and function (e.g., sediment transport) of estuaries, rivers, and streams have greatly impacted these species, many are now listed as federally threatened or endangered. As part of environmental compliance procedures and policy, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is required to assess the impacts and/or benefits of proposed water resource projects (e.g., levee maintenance, ecosystem restoration, etc.) to the environment. The USACE is required to predict and quantify environmental benefits using models to justify federal investment in ecosystem restoration projects. The purpose of this effort is to develop a general model or model framework that can be used during the USACE planning process that will serve as a unified standard Salmonid model. The primary purpose of the model will be to project future environmental benefits that will result from proposed restoration measures. Additionally, the model needs to be sensitive to different combinations of restoration measures in order to assist the USCAE in the planning and decision making process. This report presents the results of the first phase of model development using the mediated model development process.
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Hlushak, Oksana M., Svetlana O. Semenyaka, Volodymyr V. Proshkin, Stanislav V. Sapozhnykov, and Oksana S. Lytvyn. The usage of digital technologies in the university training of future bachelors (having been based on the data of mathematical subjects). [б. в.], 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3860.

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This article demonstrates that mathematics in the system of higher education has outgrown the status of the general education subject and should become an integral part of the professional training of future bachelors, including economists, on the basis of intersubject connection with special subjects. Such aspects as the importance of improving the scientific and methodological support of mathematical training of students by means of digital technologies are revealed. It is specified that in order to implement the task of qualified training of students learning econometrics and economic and mathematical modeling, it is necessary to use digital technologies in two directions: for the organization of electronic educational space and in the process of solving applied problems at the junction of the branches of economics and mathematics. The advantages of using e-learning courses in the educational process are presented (such as providing individualization of the educational process in accordance with the needs, characteristics and capabilities of students; improving the quality and efficiency of the educational process; ensuring systematic monitoring of the educational quality). The unified structures of “Econometrics”, “Economic and mathematical modeling” based on the Moodle platform are the following ones. The article presents the results of the pedagogical experiment on the attitude of students to the use of e-learning course (ELC) in the educational process of Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University and Alfred Nobel University (Dnipro city). We found that the following metrics need improvement: availability of time-appropriate mathematical materials; individual approach in training; students’ self-expression and the development of their creativity in the e-learning process. The following opportunities are brought to light the possibilities of digital technologies for the construction and research of econometric models (based on the problem of dependence of the level of the Ukrainian population employment). Various stages of building and testing of the econometric model are characterized: identification of variables, specification of the model, parameterization and verification of the statistical significance of the obtained results.
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Magdalinos, Tassos, and Katerina Petrova. Uniform Inference with General Autoregressive Processes. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, 2025. https://doi.org/10.59576/sr.1151.

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A unified theory of estimation and inference is developed for an autoregressive process with root in (-∞, ∞) that includes the stationary, local-to-unity, explosive and all intermediate regions. The discontinuity of the limit distribution of the t-statistic outside the stationary region and its dependence on the distribution of the innovations in the explosive regions (-∞, -1) ∪ (1, ∞) are addressed simultaneously. A novel estimation procedure, based on a data-driven combination of a near-stationary and a mildly explosive artificially constructed instrument, delivers mixed-Gaussian limit theory and gives rise to an asymptotically standard normal t-statistic across all autoregressive regions. The resulting hypothesis tests and confidence intervals are shown to have correct asymptotic size (uniformly over the space of autoregressive parameters and the space of innovation distribution functions) in autoregressive, predictive regression and local projection models, thereby establishing a general and unified framework for inference with autoregressive processes. Extensive Monte Carlo simulation shows that the proposed methodology exhibits very good finite sample properties over the entire autoregressive parameter space (-∞, ∞) and compares favorably to existing methods within their parametric (-1, 1] validity range. We demonstrate how our procedure can be used to construct valid confidence intervals in standard epidemiological models as well as to test in real-time for speculative bubbles in the price of the Magnificent Seven tech stocks.
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Zimmerman and Chen. L51769 Limit States and Reliability-Based Pipeline Design. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010325.

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The objective is to develop fully calibrated limit states design (LSD) procedures for pipelines. Limit states design, also known as load and resistance factor design (LRFD), provides a unified approach to dealing with all relevant failure modes and load combinations of concern. It explicitly accounts for the uncertainties that naturally occur in the determination of the loads which act on a pipeline and in the resistance of the pipe to failure. The load and resistance factors used are based on reliability considerations; however, the designer is not faced with carrying out probabilistic calculations. LSD suggests that if pipelines are designed directly for those scenarios which are known to be the major causes of pipeline failure, the result will be better design in terms of both safety and economy. This study shows that LSD is a rational and logical design process that can provide consistent levels of safety and give the designer a clear picture of the structural response of the pipe for all credible failure modes.
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Schofield, Ian S., Paul L. Brown, Mark J. Logsdon, and Matthew P. Wickham. Waste Rock Dump Characterization Studies at the Bingham Canyon Mine. Utah Geological Survey, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/mp-179.

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The Bingham Canyon Mine, located near Salt Lake City, Utah, is surrounded by more than 6 billion tons of waste rock developed over the open cut mining history from 1903 to present; the surface area of the waste rock is approximately 5000 acres. Waste rock dumps have a thickness of more than 1 200 feet from crest to toe. From 1930 to 2000, selected portions of the waste rock dumps were commercially leached using a ferric-sulfate-based lixiviant to extract copper, whereas other portions have only received meteoric leaching. From 2011 to present, Rio Tinto Kennecott has studied the evolution and geochemical controls on water chemistry associated with the waste rock dumps at the Bingham Canyon Mine. In this program, the waste rock dumps have been characterized in detail from the field logging of, and data collected from instrumentation installed within, 13 paired borings. At 12 of the 13 locations, the borings penetrated the full depth of the dumps, through the pre-mine soil contact, and into bedrock. Borings were installed to depths approaching 900 feet below ground surface using roto-sonic drilling methods to enable (1) core recovery and (2) measurement of near in situ properties. Field logging of the borings included Unified Soil Classification System descriptions, clast lithology, relative oxidation, paste pH, and geophysical methods (gyroscopic, temperature, neutron, and gamma). Core from the borings was analyzed for geotechnical properties (density, grain size distribution, moisture content, plasticity index and limit, and direct and block shear), quantitative evaluation of minerals by scanning electron microscopy (QEMSCAN), modified acid-base accounting (ABA), modified synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP), and hyperspectral analysis by CoreScan. If water was encountered during the drilling process at sufficient volumes for collection from the core barrel, samples were collected for chemical analysis. Instrumentation installed within the borings included lysimeters, thermistor nodes, direct temperature sensing (DTS) fiber optic cables, time domain reflectometry (TDR), shear cables, gas (oxygen, carbon dioxide) measurement tubes, and vibrating wire piezometers (VWPs). Additionally, each drill site had multiple measurements of oxygen consumption in the surface layer of the local waste rock. Data acquired from the borings were linked with historical information (covering a period of greater than 50 years) from extensive drilling, mineralogical and litho-geochemical evaluations, hydraulic and tracer testing, and 20 years of seepage f low and water chemistry data to develop a conceptual model that describes the hydraulic, geochemical, and physical behavior of the waste rock dumps. Pyrite and other sulfide minerals in the waste rock dumps are oxidized by both diffusive and convective ingress of air, producing acidic, high-total dissolved solids effluents, and jarosite that has formed within the waste rock as a secondary phase that stores additional acidity. The dominant air ingress mechanism is convection, which accounts for greater than 90% of the sulfide oxidation within the waste rock dumps. Based on temperature profiles and water balance for the dumps, moisture loss to geochemical reactions is a significant part of the water budget.
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Shomer, Ilan, Ruth E. Stark, Victor Gaba, and James D. Batteas. Understanding the hardening syndrome of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber tissue to eliminate textural defects in fresh and fresh-peeled/cut products. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587238.bard.

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The project sought to understand factors and mechanisms involved in the hardening of potato tubers. This syndrome inhibits heat softening due to intercellular adhesion (ICA) strengthening, compromising the marketing of industrially processed potatoes, particularly fresh peeled-cut or frozen tubers. However, ICA strengthening occurs under conditions which are inconsistent with the current ideas that relate it to Ca-pectate following pectin methyl esterase (PME) activity or to formation of rhamnogalacturonan (RG)-II-borate. First, it was necessary to induce strengthening of the middle lamellar complex (MLX) and the ICA as a stress response in some plant parenchyma. As normally this syndrome does not occur uniformly enough to study it, we devised an efficient model in which ICA-strengthening is induced consistently under simulated stress by short-chain, linear, mono-carboxylic acid molecules (OAM), at 65 oC [appendix 1 (Shomer&amp;Kaaber, 2006)]. This rapid strengthening was insufficient for allowing the involved agents assembly to be identifiable; but it enabled us to develop an efficient in vitro system on potato tuber parenchyma slices at 25 ºC for 7 days, whereas unified stress was reliably simulated by OAMs in all the tissue cells. Such consistent ICA-strengthening in vitro was found to be induced according to the unique physicochemical features of each OAM as related to its lipophilicity (Ko/w), pKa, protonated proportion, and carbon chain length by the following parameters: OAM dissociation constant (Kdiss), adsorption affinity constant (KA), number of adsorbed OAMs required for ICA response (cooperativity factor) and the water-induced ICA (ICAwater). Notably, ICA-strengthening is accompanied by cell sap leakage, reflecting cell membrane rupture. In vitro, stress simulation by OAMs at pH&lt;pKa facilitated the consistent assembly of ICAstrengthening agents, which we were able to characterize for the first time at the molecular level within purified insoluble cell wall of ICA-strengthened tissue. (a) With solid-state NMR, we established the chemical structure and covalent binding to cell walls of suberin-like agents associated exclusively with ICA strengthening [appendix 3 (Yu et al., 2006)]; (b) Using proteomics, 8 isoforms of cell wall-bound patatin (a soluble vacuolar 42-kDa protein) were identified exclusively in ICA-strengthened tissue; (c) With light/electron microscopy, ultrastructural characterization, histochemistry and immunolabeling, we co-localized patatin and pectin in the primary cell wall and prominently in the MLX; (d) determination of cell wall composition (pectin, neutral sugars, Ca-pectate) yielded similar results in both controls and ICA-strengthened tissue, implicating factors other than PME activity, Ca2+ or borate ions; (e) X-ray powder diffraction experiments revealed that the cellulose crystallinity in the cell wall is masked by pectin and neutral sugars (mainly galactan), whereas heat or enzymatic pectin degradation exposed the crystalline cellulose structure. Thus, we found that exclusively in ICA-strengthened tissue, heat-resistant pectin is evident in the presence of patatin and suberinlike agents, where the cellulose crystallinity was more hidden than in fresh control tissue. Conclusions: Stress response ICA-strengthening is simulated consistently by OAMs at pH&lt; pKa, although PME and formation of Ca-pectate and RG-II-borate are inhibited. By contrast, at pH&gt;pKa and particularly at pH 7, ICA-strengthening is mostly inhibited, although PME activity and formation of Ca-pectate or RG-II-borate are known to be facilitated. We found that upon stress, vacuolar patatin is released with cell sap leakage, allowing the patatin to associate with the pectin in both the primary cell wall and the MLX. The stress response also includes formation of covalently bound suberin-like polyesters within the insoluble cell wall. The experiments validated the hypotheses, thus led to a novel picture of the structural and molecular alterations responsible for the textural behavior of potato tuber. These findings represent a breakthrough towards understanding of the hardening syndrome, laying the groundwork for potato-handling strategies that assure textural quality of industrially processed particularly in fresh peeled cut tubers, ready-to-prepare and frozen preserved products.
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