Relevant bibliographies by topics / Uniform pressure

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Uniform pressure'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 May 2022
Last updated: 18 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Uniform pressure"

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Tuan, Christopher Y., and Lawrence M. Murphy. "Uniform Pressure Formation of Optical Membranes." Journal of Energy Engineering 114, no. 2 (1988): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9402(1988)114:2(49).

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Yan, Sun-ting, Xiaoli Shen, Zhanfeng Chen, and Zhijiang Jin. "On collapse of non-uniform shallow arch under uniform radial pressure." Engineering Structures 160 (April 2018): 419–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.01.027.

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Mekheimer, Kh S. "Peristaltic transport of a couple stress fluid in a uniform and non‐uniform channels." Biorheology: The Official Journal of the International Society of Biorheology 39, no. 6 (2002): 755–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0006355x2002039006004.

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The problem of peristaltic transport of a couple stress fluid in uniform and non‐uniform two‐dimensional channels has been investigated under zero Reynolds number with long wavelength approximation. Blood is represented by a couple stress fluid (a fluid which its particles size are taken into account, a special case of a non‐Newtonian fluid). It is found that the pressure rise decreases as the couple stress fluid parameter γ increases (i.e., small size fluid particle). So the pressure rise for a couple stress fluid (as a blood model) is greater than that for a Newtonian fluid. Also the pressure rise increases as the amplitude ratio ϕ increases for different values of γ. Further, the pressure rise in the case of non‐uniform geometry is found to be much smaller than the corresponding value in the case of uniform geometry. Finally, the maximum pressure rise when the mean flow rate over one period of the wave, $\bar{Q}$ =0, increases as ϕ increases and γ decreases.
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Wu, Ji, Xiao-Ting He, and Jun-Yi Sun. "A Theoretical Study on Static Gas Pressure Measurement via Circular Non-Touch Mode Capacitive Pressure Sensor." Sensors 24, no. 16 (2024): 5314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24165314.

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A circular non-touch mode capacitive pressure sensor can operate in both transverse and normal uniform loading modes, but the elastic behavior of its movable electrode plate is different under the two different loading modes, making its input–output analytical relationships between pressure and capacitance different. This suggests that when such a sensor operates, respectively, in transverse and normal uniform loading modes, the theory of its numerical design and calibration is different, in other words, the theory for the transverse uniform loading mode (available in the literature) cannot be used as the theory for the normal uniform loading mode (not yet available in the literature). In this paper, a circular non-touch mode capacitive pressure sensor operating in normal uniform loading mode is considered. The elastic behavior of the movable electrode plate of the sensor under normal uniform loading is analytically solved with the improved governing equations, and the improved analytical solution obtained can be used to mathematically describe the movable electrode plate with larger elastic deflections, in comparison with the existing two analytical solutions in the literature. This provides a larger technical space for developing the circular non-touch mode capacitive pressure sensors used for measuring the static gas pressure (belonging to normal uniform loading).
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Chen, Lei. "Buckling Analysis of Short Cylinders of Uniform Thickness under Uniform External Pressure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 351-352 (August 2013): 501–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.351-352.501.

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The failure of elastic perfect cylinders under uniform external pressure is caused by circumferential buckling. The effects of the cylinder length, of the restraining conditions at boundaries and of the length of the pressurized zone all have great influences on the critical buckling load. In the European Standard for Shells EN 1993-1-6 (2007), the critical circumferential buckling stress is obtained by introducing an external buckling factor which takes the influence of different boundary conditions into account. However, the restraint of the meridional rotation at boundaries was not considered separately for the factor. For short cylinders, any restraint of the boundaries affects the buckling mode and buckling strength greatly. In this paper, the effect of meridional end rotations on the buckling strength of short cylinders was studied. The pre-buckling membrane stress state given by membrane theory was assumed for all the analyses.
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Xue, Jianghong, and Michelle S. Hoo Fatt. "Post-buckling of a non-uniform ring subjected to uniform external pressure." Thin-Walled Structures 39, no. 4 (2001): 327–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0263-8231(01)00003-9.

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Rangel-German, Edgar R., Anthony R. Kovscek, and Serhat Akin. "Time-Dependent Shape Factors for Uniform and Non-Uniform Pressure Boundary Conditions." Transport in Porous Media 83, no. 3 (2009): 591–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-009-9461-7.

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Cheng, Hai Qian, Qing Hua Cheng, and Kai Yin Zhang. "Analysis on Pre-Stressed Friction Loss in Bending Channel under Contact Pressure Non-Uniform Distribution Hypothesis." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.49.

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The pre-stressed friction loss formula in bending channel recommended by Bridge Rules was based on the uniform distribution hypothesis of contact pressure. From some conflicts in application of the formula, the non-uniform distribution law of the contact pressure was revealed. On the basis of elastic contact analysis, two types of non-uniform distribution hypothesis were proposed, including cosine and second-degree parabola distribution. Then the contact positive pressure expressions were derived respectively and the frictional resistance was calculated to compare with the calculated value under the uniform distribution. The results indicate that the friction resistance under any non-uniform distribution of positive pressure is less than under the uniform distribution. So the uniform distribution assumption of contact pressure does not cause Bridge Specifications formula underestimate friction loss. It is necessary to do further research on the applicability of Coulomb’s law under the contact conditions in the curved channel.
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Behr, R. A., J. E. Minor, M. P. Linden, and C. V. G. Vallabhan. "Laminated Glass Units Under Uniform Lateral Pressure." Journal of Structural Engineering 111, no. 5 (1985): 1037–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1985)111:5(1037).

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Wang, C. M., and K. M. Liew. "Buckling of Elliptical Plates under Uniform Pressure." Journal of Structural Engineering 119, no. 11 (1993): 3418–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1993)119:11(3418).

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Uniform pressure"

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Kamal, Manish. "A uniform pressure electromagnetic actuator for forming flat sheets." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1127230699.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxi, 261 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 244-254). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Banik, Kristin Elizabeth. "FACTORS EFFECTING ELECTROMAGNETIC FLAT SHEET FORMING USING THE UNIFORM PRESSURE COIL." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1211900988.

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Stelkic, Suzana. "Dynamic Response of Foam-Core Sandwich Beams Under Uniform Pressure Pulse Load." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1322842121.

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Chen, Yi 1975. "Local buckling behaviour of pultruded FRP composite sheet piles subjected to uniform pressure." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98950.

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The buckling behaviour of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) sheet pile panels subjected to a uniform lateral pressure was investigated. Based on the previous full scale tests by Shanmugan in year 2003 (Shanmugan, 2004), the critical load at buckling initiation was first determined through experimental data analysis, and the theoretical modeling was then followed in an attempt to predict the buckling initiation and understanding the failure mechanism. The behavior of the panels loaded in upright position and inverted position was studied.<br>The local buckling of the compressive flanges was monitored by the strain measurements, which demonstrated that when tested in upright position, the panel failed immediately after local buckling of compressive flange, and when tested in inverted position, the panels could be able to carry the load into post buckling region. The stresses and corresponding axial forces at buckling were calculated by the classical beam flexure formula but taking into consideration the reduction of flexure rigidity and neutral axis shifting. The axial force calculated from the beam flexure formula was comparable with that from stain gauge measurements. The axial force was not uniformly distributed along the width of the compressive flange at upright position and was about zero at the free edge. When tested in inverted position, the neutral axis distance and the flexure rigidity kept almost as a constant. The sheet pile panels were with a uniform axial force along the width of the compressive flange.<br>An analytical modeling was performed to predict the buckling initiation. The buckling of the panel was simplified as the buckling of the compressive flange with various boundary conditions. The differential equation of the compressive flange was established based on the assumption that the flange was subjected to an in-plane axial force and an out-of-plane lateral pressure simultaneously. It was found that the lateral pressure did not have direct effect on the critical load. It was the compressive axial force that determined the local buckling of the flange. Kollar's explicit expressions were also applied but only valid for long plate loaded by uniform axial force.<br>The buckling load obtained by solving the differential equation for the inverted panel compared well with that from the experimental results. However, for the flange in a pile at an upright position, the theoretical prediction was far less than the experimental value which might be attributed to the non uniform axial force on the flange. Energy method was applied to estimate the range of the buckling load of a plate loaded by a linearly distributed axial force. The upper bound value was obtained from fixed boundary condition and the lower bound from simply supported assumption. The experimental result was found in between the two bounds and was in favour of the lower bound as a conservative estimation of critical load for upright panel.
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Khan, Saadat Ali. "Pore pressure and moisture migration in concrete at high and non uniform temperatures." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1990. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/pore-pressure-and-moisture-migration-in-concrete-at-high-and-non-uniform-temperatures(9016d00a-3f08-4eb8-a9b3-a78d405d6686).html.

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Ritthiruth, Pawin. "Flexural Behavior of Cold-Formed and Hot-Rolled Steel Sheet Piling Subjected to Simulated Soil Pressure." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101845.

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Hot-rolled sheet piling has long-been believed to have a better flexural performance than cold-formed sheet piling based on a test conducted by Hartman Engineering twenty years ago. However, cold-formed steel can have similar strength to the hot-rolled steel This experimental program studied the flexural behavior of hot-rolled and cold-formed steel sheet pilings. This program quantified the influence of transverse stresses from soil pressures on the longitudinal flexural strength. Four cross-sections with two pairs of equivalent sectional modulus were investigated. Sheet-piling specimens were subjected to simulated soil pressure from an air bladder loaded transversely to their longitudinal axis. The span lengths were varied, while the loading area remains unchanged to examine the effect of different transverse stresses. Lateral bracings were provided at discrete locations to establish a sheet piling wall behavior and allow the development of transverse stresses. Load-pressure, load-deflection, load-strain, and moment-deflection responses were plotted to demonstrate the behavior of each specimen. The moment-deflection curves were then normalized to the corresponding yield stress from tensile coupon tests to make a meaningful comparison. The results indicate that transverse stresses influence the flexural capacity of the sheet pilings. The longer span length has less amount of transverse strains, resulting in a higher moment capacity. The hot-rolled sheet pilings have better flexural performance also because of less transverse strains.<br>Master of Science<br>Sheet piling wall is an essential structure used during the excavation process. Sheet piling can be hot-rolled and cold-formed. Hot-rolled sheet piling has long-been believed to have a better bending performance based on a test conducted by Hartman Engineering twenty years ago. However, cold-formed steel can have similar strength to hot-rolled steel. This experimental program studied the bending behavior of hot-rolled and cold-formed steel sheet pilings. This program quantified the influence of lateral loading from soil pressure on the moment capacity of the sheet piling. Four cross-sections with two pairs of equivalent bending properties were investigated. Sheet-piling specimens were set up as beam members and subjected to simulated soil pressure from an air bladder. The span lengths of the specimens were varied, while the loading area remains unchanged to examine the effect of different amounts of load. Lateral bracings were provided at discrete locations to establish a sheet piling wall behavior and allow local deflection of the cross-section. Load-pressure, load-deflection, load-strain, and moment-deflection responses were plotted to demonstrate the behavior of each specimen. The moment-deflection curves were then normalized to the corresponding material property of each specimen to make a meaningful comparison between different specimens. The results indicate that lateral loading of the soil pressure influences the bending capacity of the sheet pilings. The longer span length has less amount of transverse strains, resulting in a higher bending capacity. The hot-rolled sheet pilings have better bending performance also because of less transverse strains.
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Mudumba, Ramakanth. "STRESS CONCENTRATION RESULTING FROM SMALL PARTICLES IN A CONTACT ZONE." UKnowledge, 2005. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/352.

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The research on tribology and wear of the metals and composites has always been the topic of interest to understand the behavior and life of them. The wear of the materials with three-body contact has been of particular interest because the wear debris generated due to the wear and tear between the contact surfaces in constant motion will aggravate the wear rate of the contact surfaces. Hence it would be interesting to understand the stress distribution inside the materials with three-body contact. The current research presents the stress distribution within the materials which are in three-body contact modeling them as plain-strain problems with three different models viz., point force model, uniform pressure model and Hertzian Pressure model. The stress distribution of all the three cases are numerically computed and compared and the stress intensity factor is calculated in each case.
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Ndenguma, Dickson Daniel. "Heat transfer and pressure drop in annuli with non-uniform internal wall temperatures in the transition flow regime." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/66230.

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It is common practice to design heat exchangers that are operated in either the laminar or the turbulent flow regime and not in the transition flow regime. This could mainly be due to a lack of knowledge on the behaviour in the transition flow regime for several reasons. However, due to factors such as design constraints, heat exchangers may indeed operate in the transition flow regime. An experimental study was conducted to determine the lower and upper Reynolds number limits of the transition flow regime, and the characteristics of the heat transfer coefficients and friction factors for annular passages with different geometric dimensions. The inner wall of the annular passage had different degrees of non-uniform temperature, while the outer wall was insulated. Both heated and cooled flow applications with water as fluid (cold fluid and hot fluid respectively) were investigated. The isothermal condition investigation was also conducted for pressure drop. Four horizontal concentric counter-flow tube-in-tube heat exchangers with conventional inlet geometries were considered to obtain the required data. The hydraulic diameters of the test sections were 26.2 mm, 23 mm, 20.2 mm and 17 mm, their respective annular diameter ratios were 0.327, 0.409, 0.386 and 0.483 and their length-to-hydraulic ratios were 193, 221, 251 and 299 respectively. The flow was both hydrodynamic and thermally developing. Test data of laminar, transition and turbulent flow regimes was collected. However, the transition flow regime was the main area of interest for this study. The transition flow regime was found to exhibit either mixed or forced convection types. Average heat transfer coefficients were obtained for both heating and cooling cases, while friction factors were obtained for heating, cooling and isothermal conditions. Uncertainties in the friction factor and Nusselt number were on average below 5.6% and 10.5%, respectively. The geometric size of the annular passage, degree of wall temperature uniformity and direction of the heat flux (heating and cooling cases of annular fluid) had a significant influence on the heat transfer coefficients, friction factors and Reynolds number span of the transition flow regime. New correlations for predicting the transition flow regime Reynolds number spans, Nusselt numbers and friction factors were developed for the transition flow regime and predicted most of the data to within +-10%.<br>Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017.<br>Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering<br>PhD<br>Unrestricted
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Li, Jun. "Intraglottal Glottal Pressure Distributions for Three Oblique Glottal Angles." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1277146314.

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Fromy, Bérengère Michèle. "Experimental and statistical analyses of the effects of a uniform positive pressure applied to the lower limb in humans on vascular haemodynamics." Thesis, University of South Wales, 1997. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/experimental-and-statistical-analyses-of-the-effects-of-a-uniform-positive-pressure-applied-to-the-lower-limb-in-humans-on-vascular-haemodynamics(d3b8cbba-3318-4c3e-997d-5c3536e983ca).html.

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The determination of required pressure level to provide an optimum treatment is an important task for vascular clinicians. This thesis is a first investigation including both venous and arterial femoral velocities and distal microcirculation of the forefoot to evaluate the effects of varying uniform external compression applied to the whole lower limb in humans. The ultrasound technique has been used to evaluate the maximal venous and arterial velocities in femoral common vessels. The microcirculation and the cutaneous oxygenation of the forefoot were recorded by laser Doppler fluxmetry and transcutaneous oxygen and carbon dioxide pressure measurements respectively. The findings of the present investigation support the concept that a uniform pressure applied to the full length of a healthy leg when the subject is in recumbent position should probably not exceed 10 mmHg, since significant impairment of both macro and microcirculation can be found. A database of information collected from twenty eight healthy subjects was established. Using this database and regression analysis, a new empirical model was produced which gave a hierarchical description of oxygen in terms of applied pressure and subject's characteristics. The developed model was expressed in terms of a cubic polynomial and was analysed in the content of catastrophy theory. This was appropriate to account for sudden changes in the data. Although the results obtained were based on this preliminary study, it appears that the predictive results are extremely encouraging and form a solid basis for future research. The observations of cubic forms in medical statistics as well as the inclusion of micro and macro in a single model are approaches that have been neglected in the past. A further area of apparent neglect appears to be in the careful selection of the sampling intervals to optimise information content of the database.
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Books on the topic "Uniform pressure"

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Huss, J. Rowland. Structural response of marine sandwich panels to uniform pressure loading. Available from the National Technical Information Service, 1990.

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Carolina, North. The Uniform Boiler and Pressure Vessel Act of North Carolina and administrative rules. North Carolina Dept. of Labor, Boiler Safety Bureau, 1998.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Studies on pressure response of gas bubbles contributions of condensed droplets in bubbles generated by a uniform nucleation. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1988.

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Khan, Saadat Ali. Pore pressure and moisture migration in concrete at high and now uniform temperatures. 1990.

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A kinetic theory treatment of heat transfer in plane Poiseuille flow with uniform pressure. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1992.

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Fromy, Bérengère Michèle. Experimental and statistical analyses of the effects of a uniform positive pressure applied to the lower limb in humans on vascular haemodynamics. 1997.

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Martinez, J. Michael. Public Administration Ethics for the 21st Century. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216002963.

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This volume establishes a foundation for a uniform code of professional ethics for public administrators in the United States. Public Administration Ethics for the 21st Century lays the ethical foundations for a uniform professional code of ethics for public administrators, civil servants, and non-profit administrators in the US. Martinez synthesizes five disparate schools of ethical thought as to how public administrators can come to know the good and behave in ways that advance the values of citizenship, equity, and public interest within their respective organizations. Using case studies, he teaches American administrators how to combine the approaches of all five schools to evaluate and resolve complex ethical dilemmas within the constraints of the U.S. democratic values set. Martinez enunciates the common ethical principles that guide public administrators in their practice within the specific ethical parameters and organizational cultures of a myriad entities at the federal, state, and local levels of government in the United States, as well as in non-profit organizations. Along the way, Martinez addresses a number of crucial issues, including personal gain, conflict of interest, transparency, democratic impartiality, hiring, hierarchical discipline, media relations, partisan pressure, appointments by elected officials, and whistle-blowing. The striking, high-profile case studies—Nathan Bedford Forrest, Adolph Eichmann, Lieutenant William Calley, and Mary Ann Wright—illustrate ethical dilemmas where, for better or worse, the individual was at odds with the organization.
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Amato, Marcelo, and Andreas Wolfgang Reske. Ventilator trauma in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0101.

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Ventilator trauma refers to complications of mechanical ventilation, which have an impact on morbidity and mortality. Two major forms of ventilator trauma may be distinguished—an acute form related to rupture of airspaces causing air-leak syndrome and a subacute form causing protracted inflammatory responses. A key feature of mechanically-ventilated lungs is the presence of non-aerated and unstable regions due to atelectasis, oedema, or consolidation. Because of mechanical interdependence, pressures acting in non-uniformly expanded lungs at the boundaries between non-aerated and aerated lung may be a multiple of the apparent transpulmonary pressure. The resulting effects have been reported to precipitate or contribute to ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). The engineering terms stress and strain were recently proposed for better definition of risk-constellations for VILI. Because the aerated lung volume is positively correlated to compliance, driving-pressure can aid in identifying disproportionate combinations of tidal volumes and compliance.
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Rieber, Alfred J. Storms over the Balkans during the Second World War. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192858030.001.0001.

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In a new interpretation of the history of the Balkans during the Second World War, this book explores the tangled political rivalries, cultural clashes, and armed conflicts among the great powers and the indigenous people competing for influence and domination. The author takes an original approach to the region based on the interaction among geography, social conditions, and imperial rivalries that spans several centuries, culminating in three wars during the first half of the twentieth century. Against this background, Rieber focuses on leadership, personified by Mussolini, Hitler, Stalin, Churchill, and Tito, as the key to explaining events. For each one the Balkans represented a strategic prize vital for the fulfillment of their ambitious war aims. For the local forces the destabilization of the war offered the opportunity to reorder societies, expel ethnic minorities and expand national borders. The book illustrates how the leaders of the external powers were forced to improvise their tactics and compromise their ideologies under the pressure of war and the competing claims of their allies and clients. Neither the Axis nor the Allied camps were uniform blocs and deep divisions ran through the ranks of the resistance and those collaborating with the occupying powers. These tensions contributed to the failure of all the participants in the struggle to achieve their aims. The complexities of the wartime experiences help to explain the persistence of memories and unfulfilled aspirations that continue to haunt the region.
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Goldby, Miriam. Electronic Documents in Maritime Trade. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198811978.001.0001.

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Abstract This book provides a critical analysis of electronic alternatives to documents used in the international sale of goods carried by sea, including invoices, bills of lading, certificates of insurance, as well as other documentation required under documentary credits, and payment processing arrangements. It constitutes an in-depth discussion of their legal status and the practices relating to their use. The book examines recent developments in the evolving digital transformation that is taking place in the field of international trade. It examines the commercial pressure to move from paper to electronic data, and the new technologies and relationships built for this purpose. This transition is ever evolving and as such an understanding of the attendant legal implications of the change is crucial. Analysis is provided on the adoption by UNCITRAL of its Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records and on the Uniform Rules on Bank Payment Obligations. The book considers the practical workings and legal underpinnings of new electronic bill of lading platforms. It also examines the legal implications of proposed uses of new technologies such as distributed ledger technologies (including blockchain), Internet of Things, and smart contracts. In doing so, the book provides a complete and practical analysis of e-documents in cross-border business contracts for goods carried by sea. It examines recent trends in practice and assesses the ability of electronic alternatives to achieve legal functions performed by the paper documents they replace.
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Book chapters on the topic "Uniform pressure"

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Weidner, Donald J., and Eiji Ito. "Mineral physics constraints on a uniform mantle composition." In High‐Pressure Research in Mineral Physics: A Volume in Honor of Syun‐iti Akimoto. American Geophysical Union, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm039p0439.

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Li, Lian Chong, Chun An Tang, Leslie George Tham, Tian Hong Yang, and Shao Hong Wang. "Simulation of Multiple Hydraulic Fracturing in Non-Uniform Pore Pressure Field." In Macro-, Meso-, Micro- and Nano-Mechanics of Materials. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-979-2.163.

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Zeng, Tongyan, Essam F. Abo-Serie, Manus Henry, and James Jewkes. "Thermal Optimisation Model for Cooling Channel Design Using the Adjoint Method in 3D Printed Aluminium Die-Casting Tools." In Springer Proceedings in Energy. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30960-1_31.

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AbstractIn the present study, the adjoint method is introduced to the optimisation of the corner cooling element in two baseline cooling designs for a mould cavity, as examples of the Aluminium metal die-casting process. First, a steady thermal model simulating the Aluminium die-casting process is introduced for the two-corner cooling design scenario. This steady model serves as the first iteration of the optimised model using the adjoint method. A dual-parameter objective function targets the interfacial temperature standard deviation and pressure drop across the internal cooling region. For both design cases, multi-iterative deformation cycles of the corner cooling configurations result in optimised designs with non-uniform cross-section geometries and smooth surface finishing. Numerical simulations of the resulting designs show improvements in uniform cooling across the mould/cast interfacial contact surface by 66.13% and 92.65%, while the optimised pressure drop increases coolant fluid flow by 25.81% and 20.35% respectively. This technique has been applied to optimise the complex cooling system for an industrial high-pressure aluminium die-casting (HPADC) tool (Zeng et al. in SAE Technical Paper 2022-01-0246, 2022, [1]). Production line experience demonstrates that the optimised designs have three times the operational life compared to conventional mould designs, providing a significant reduction in manufacturing and operation costs.
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Garhwal, Anil, Yogesh Kaushik, Sabita Madhvi Singh, and Divya. "Finite Element Analysis of Hyperbolic Paraboloid Composite Shells for Static Analysis Under Uniform Pressure." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5849-3_20.

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Pulkit, Umang, and Satadru Das Adhikary. "Variation of Pore Pressure in NSC Slabs Subjected to Non-uniform Heating: Analytical Model." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-6067-1_16.

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Samuelson, Lars Å. "Effect of Local Loads on the Stability of Shells Subjected to Uniform Pressure Distribution." In Contact Loading and Local Effects in Thin-walled Plated and Shell Structures. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02822-3_6.

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Ali, Furman, Munawwar Ali Abbas, Bo Sun, Li Chen, and Shahid Hussain. "Design and CFD Simulation of Heat Transfer in Circular Pipes." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1876-4_20.

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AbstractA major issue for human growth is the energy crisis. In the current study, circular pipes are considered an energy-efficient technology viable in all seasons. It uses non-constant soil temperature and water flow in coldest regions. This model reports the thermal performance of pipes with different results in hot and cold climates. To degree thermal performance, pipe version changed into advanced and simulated with ANSYS 18.1 Fluid Flow (Fluent). Data was collected from two modelled summer and winter seasons. Continuity, momentum, and energy equation have been used for the simulation. Comparison analysis is also being carried out about the obtained results with previously published articles. The effects of summer and winter temperature and speed on performance were also evaluated. Further, the graphical interpretation is also carried for velocity and pressure distribution. The study highlights a drastic drop in temperature and velocity near the inlet and outlet region while Pressure is inversely proportional to velocity in these regions. It is also obtained from the simulation that the temperature pressure and velocity remain uniform in the fully develop region.
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Simpson, Harry J., and Philip L. Marston. "Parametric Layers, Four-Wave Mixing, and Wave-Front Reversal." In Nonlinear Acoustics. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-58963-8_14.

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AbstractThis chapter describes two special cases of nonlinear acoustic interactions. In one, waves interact in a thin flat layer with high nonlinearity. The nonlinearity in the liquid layer can be enhanced using gas bubbles, and processes such as wave-front reversal and phase conjugation can be achieved. In the other case, four-wave mixing is mediated by a suspension of particles in the liquid. Acoustic radiation pressure acting on an initially uniform suspension of particles causes the particles to form layers, and this results in the Bragg reflection of sound. Both cases have analogies in nonlinear optics.
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Yang, Zilong, and Fujiang Yang. "Design of Fiber Winding for Thick-Walled Cylinder with Uniform Residual Tension." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1876-4_28.

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AbstractFiber winding with metal cylinders as liners is the primary method used for producing high-speed rotors, flywheels, and pressure vessels. A design model was established for thick-walled cylindrical fiber winding by using the layer-by-layer stacking method of thin composite material rings in this article. The effect of liner structure and fiber type on prestress was analyzed. And the phenomenon of tension loss in no-twist fibers was studied. The winding tension of each layer was calculated accurately under the condition of uniform residual tension, which was the optimal process in engineering. Compared with the experimental results, the computational error of the model does not exceed 5%. The winding model developed in this article, which takes into account tension loss, can more accurately guide the design of winding tensions for thick-walled cylinders.
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Takabe, Hideaki. "Self-Similar Solutions of Compressible Fluids." In Springer Series in Plasma Science and Technology. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45473-8_4.

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AbstractStrong shock waves are used to compress and heat any matters in the laboratory. The ablation pressure by intense laser is used to compress even solid matters. In plane geometry, it is easier to design multi-shocks to compress the matters, while it is more beneficial to use the spherical compression. No simple solutions are available to know the trajectories of shocks in one-dimensional spherical symmetry. Here we see several analytical solutions with the self-similar method. The method is to find new governing solution of ordinary differential equation from partial differential fluid equations. The self-similar method is known before the birth of computer.The blast wave is the most famous one. Here, we review the basic method to derive several self-similar solutions allowing the spherical implosion, useful to laser driven implosion. The isobaric solution provides uniform pressure and spark-main fuel structure, and isochoric solution gives us uniform density profile at the maximum compression. It is shown that even including thermal conduction, it is possible to find a solution of ablation structure. This is an extended solution more appropriate compared to the steady state solutions shown in the previous chapter.The blast waves are widely used from laser experiments to supernova remnants (SNRs). SNRs are blast waves driven by the matters exploding by supernova explosion. A self-similar solution with forward and reverse shock waves is found to explain many observation data of SNRs. A numerical simulation shows that the solution of ejecta-driven shock changes from Chevalier’s self-similar solution to the other Sedov-Taylor one. The self-similarity is one of the key physics controlling nonlinear hydrodynamic equations.
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Conference papers on the topic "Uniform pressure"

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Singha, Amita, Jakob Pallot, and Chandima Ekanayake. "Applicability of Modal Analysis on Health Condition Assessment of Transformers Under Uniform and Non-Uniform Clamping Pressure Change." In 2024 IEEE 7th International Conference on Condition Assessment Techniques in Electrical Systems (CATCON). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/catcon60527.2024.10832097.

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Dwivedy, Keshab K. "Limit Analysis of a Pipe Section With Non-Uniform Wall Thinning." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1320.

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Certain process piping in nuclear and non-nuclear power plants undergo pipe wall thinning due to flow assisted corrosion (FAC). This localized mechanism of corrosion combined with erosion is complex. The potential degradation of the pipe wall depends upon the water chemistry, operating temperature and pressure, flow velocity, piping material and piping configuration. The management of FAC in a power plant is performed in the following basic steps: Identification of potential locations, UT inspection of locations and characterization of pipe wall thinning, and evaluation of wall thinning to establish structural integrity and/or repair/replacement. The section of the pipe is repaired or replaced if the structural integrity cannot be established until next scheduled inspection. In the past 15 years, FAC programs have been established in nuclear power plants. Structural integrity evaluation is a part of the program. Simplified methods and rules are established in ASME Section XI code and in several code cases for verifying structural integrity. Pressure design methods are formalized for uniform and non-uniform wall thinning. However, the limit analysis methods for moment loading in the code rules are formulated for uniform thinning of the wall for simplicity. FAC related wall thinning is truly non-uniform, and treating it as non-uniform in the analysis can show additional structural margin compared to analysis conservatively assuming a uniformly thinned wall. This paper has developed simple analytical formulation of limit load carrying capability of a pipe section with non-uniform thinning. The method of analysis is illustrated with examples of actual plant situations. The formulation developed here can be used with the ASME code method to extend remaining life of FAC degraded components until the plant can plan for repair or replacement. Thus the analytical tool can help the plant owners to save resources by performing repair and replacement in a planned manner.
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Chen, Her-Yuan, Yi Liu, and Neil M. Asaad. "Horizontal-Well Productivity Equations With Both Uniform-Flux and Uniform-Pressure Wellbore Modes." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/97190-ms.

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Jung, Gong H., Minsu Kim, and Eric Gage. "Impact of Non-Uniform Temperature on Flange Leak Tightness." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97301.

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It is critical to maintain uniformity of gasket stress in control against leakage in piping and heat exchangers. Many innovative bolting tools have been developed, but their benefit could be downgraded if there were sources disrupting initially achieved uniformity of gasket stress, especially temperature differences in mating flanges and non-axisymmetric temperature. It is thus necessary to understand behaviors of flanges and gaskets with non-uniform temperature distribution. The impact of temperature differences in mating flanges with various types of gaskets on leak tightness was evaluated by lab tests. Based on test results, 250°F was proposed as a tentative allowable skin temperature difference of mating flanges in heat exchangers. The characteristics of gasket stress behaviors with non-axisymmetric temperature distribution were studied using analytical solution and finite element analysis. It was found that change of gasket stress is independent of the magnitude of initial bolt stress, and initial bolt stress of 50 ksi is sufficient to protect all evaluated flanges against leakage under evaluated non-axisymmetric temperature distributions.
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Talebpour, R., K. Abedi, and A. R. M. Gharebaghi. "Buckle Propagation in Pipelines Under Non-Uniform Pressure." In 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2006-92419.

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Preventing the occurrence of local buckling due to external pressure is one of the main concerns in design of offshore pipelines. However, when a pipeline is designed for deepwater, prevention of the propagation of local buckling along the pipeline has more importance. Therefore, the study of buckle propagation phenomenon and its prevention is a subject of many researches in the past 25 years. Great amount of these researches have focused on appropriate estimation of buckle propagation pressure. In this paper, details of 3-D finite element modeling for buckle propagation simulation are outlined. In order to verify the accuracy and validity of the finite element modeling, the numerical results, obtained from nonlinear finite element analysis have been compared with the results of the experimental study on full-scale models, undertaken by C-FER Technologies, Canada, which have been published by Toscano et al. (2002). Comparison shows that the finite element results have very close agreement with the experimental behaviour. Also, in the present paper, numerical results of Toscano et al. are discussed; and the study shows that the proposed method, outlined in this paper, gives more appropriate results than the proposed method by Toscano et al. In addition, the buckle propagation of pipeline under the uniform external pressure as well as non-uniform pressure, due to the presence of the internal flow (when the pipe is not full of fluid) is studied. The change of buckle propagation pressure is determined by the proposed method.
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Bae, Kyung-Dong, Chul-Goo Kim, Seung-Jae Kim, Hyun-Jae Lee, and Yun-Jae Kim. "A Study of the Stress Intensity Factor and Crack Opening Displacement Relationship Between Uniform Thickness Pipe Bends and Non-Uniform Thickness Pipe Bends." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63421.

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This paper proposes the relationship of stress intensity factor and crack opening displacement between pipe bends with uniform thickness and those with non-uniform thickness. In actual case, pipe bends have thickness variations. Unlike typical pipe bends, heat induction bend pipes have significant thickness variations (non-uniform thickness) because of manufacturing process. When the ratio of radius of curvature and pipe radius is 3 for heat induction bend pipes, the thickness at intrados and extrados can be calculated by 1.75 times and 0.875 times of nominal thickness which is original thickness before manufacturing process, respectively. In this situation, it is difficult to apply existing elastic stress intensity factor and crack opening displacement results [1, 2] and it is essential to modify existing solution or to create new solution. In this paper, to find effect of pipe bends thickness variation, 90° through-wall cracked pipe bends with not only uniform thickness but also non-uniform thickness are considered. The ratios of radius and thickness are 5, 10 and ratios of pipe radius of curvature and radius are 3, 4 and 5. Loading condition is in-plane opening bending for intrados crack and closing bending for extrados crack. The through-wall crack sizes are 12.5%, 25% and 37.5% of circumferential cross section. Material of pipe bends is assumed to follow elastic behavior. The proposal is made by extensive finite elements analyses using ABAQUS [3], predicted elastic stress intensity factors for pipe bends with non-uniform thickness are compared with finite element results. The results show a good agreement. It may be useful to calculate elastic stress intensity factor for bends with non-uniform thickness without complex modeling and finite analyses.
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Alziadeh, Mohammed, and Atef Mohany. "Applicability of Non-Uniformly Varying the Fin Density of Tandem Finned Cylinders As a Viable Vortex and Noise Suppression Technique." In ASME 2023 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2023-106102.

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Abstract This article explores the applicability of using non-uniform finned tubes in tandem arrangement at L/Deq(avg) = 2.5 to suppress flow-induced acoustic resonance. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements are performed to visualize the vortex development in the wake before and during flow-induced acoustic resonance. Acoustic pressure measurements are performed to characterize the aeroacoustic response of the tandem finned tubes. It was found that non-uniform finned tubes weaken the vortex shedding process and reduce the sound pressure level (SPL) during flow-induced acoustic resonance associated with the vortex shedding process by 50%. However, non-uniform finned tubes do not hinder the instability of the shear layers within its gap. This makes non-uniform finned tubes susceptible to flow-induced acoustic resonance associated with the instability of the gap shear layers. During this type of acoustic resonance excitation, highly discrete and well-organized vortex cores are formed in the gap and wake of both uniform and nonuniform finned tubes with SPL similar to that generated by the uniform finned tubes. A summary of the results are presented in the paper.
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Ming, Qin, Tsuyoshi Sugimoto, Youichi Watanabe, Kazuhiko Katsumata, and Takahiro Semura. "Uniform Quenching Technology by Using Controlled High Pressure Gas after Low Pressure Carburizing." In SAE World Congress & Exhibition. SAE International, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-0365.

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Yang, Ping, Weiliang Xie, Feng Xu, and Jinzhang Feng. "Influence of Non-Uniform OGV on High Pressure Compressor Performance." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95234.

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Generally, the outlet guide vanes (OGV) of a high pressure compressor (HPC) have a single vane profile and are placed uniformly circumferentially. However, in some situations, portions of the OGV are thickened to be accommodated to some special requirements which may result in negative influences on the HPC performance. This paper describes the design of a non-uniform OGV row of a multi-stage HPC. The OGV is periodically composed of one thick vane and two thin vanes. A series of vanes are selected by changing vane geometry parameters including vane stagger and camber, location of maximum thickness, thickness distribution, chord length and vane circumference position. Numerical simulations of these different non-uniform OGV rows along with the same rotor upstream are carried out to evaluate the impact of these parameters on the non-uniform OGV performance. Through this “manual-iteration” process, the best configuration is selected as the final “optimized” design. The results show that, firstly, it is beneficial to set the suction surface incidence angle of the thick airfoils the same with that of the thin airfoils for uniform incoming flow field; secondly, the divergence rate of passage should be carefully controlled to reduce the loss coefficient; thirdly, the vane circumference position should be adjusted to keep the mass flow of each passage being equal to ensure uniformity of the outlet flow field. Finally, it is demonstrated that after optimization, the adverse effects of the non-uniform OGV on the whole HPC performance can be nearly eliminated.
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Holtzman, M., A. Arcelus, I. Veledar, R. Goubran, H. Sveistrup, and P. Guitard. "Force Estimation with a Non-Uniform Pressure Sensor Array." In 2008 IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference - I2MTC 2008. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imtc.2008.4547372.

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Reports on the topic "Uniform pressure"

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Tang, Y. Buckling of elliptical rings under uniform external pressure. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10134497.

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Lew, H. S. Gypsum stairwell enclosure wall system tests under uniform static pressure. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.7615.

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Murphy, L. M., and C. Tuan. The formation of optical membrane reflector surfaces using uniform pressure loading. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6212416.

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Madhavan, R., M. K. Yeh, S. Kyriakides, and C. D. Babcock. L41041 Pipe Collapse Under External Pressure and Axial Tension (PUPA) Computer Program Manual. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011342.

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PUPA is a computer program which predicts the critical loads of a long tube under external pressure and axial tension. The program takes into account the effect of inelastic material behaviour on collapse and could be used for tubes with diameter to thickness ratio as low as 10. The analysis is based on a principle of virtual work type of formulation and the resulting nonlinear equilibrium equations are solved using Newton-Raphson method. The model implemented considers a long tube under generalized plane strain conditions and uniform ovalization. Effect of initial ovality, residual stresses and anisotropic yielding can be included.
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Wang, Yong-Yi. PR-350-154502-R02 Implications of Low Strain Hardening Steels on Design Construction and Maintenance. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011565.

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Much of the design, construction, and maintenance practices in the pipeline industry was established before the extensive use of modern control-rolled and microalloyed steels. These modern steels can behave differently from traditional hot-rolled and normalized steels. For instance, these modern steels tend to have a lower strain hardening capacity (higher Y/T ratio) than vintage hot-rolled and normalized steels. One of the observed trends is that modern steels could be qualified as higher grade due to the increase of yield strength (YS) while their ultimate tensile strength (UTS) remains at a level close to the vintage lower grade steels. This would allow the pipelines built with modern steels to be operated at higher pressure when the design factor and other pipe dimensional parameters are the same. Two representative linepipes are chosen from actual test data to examine the impact of the changes in the stress-strain behavior. One linepipe is a vintage X52; and the other is a modern X70. The UTS of those two pipes is very close. The vintage X52 pipe has a lower YS with a Y/T ratio of 0.73 and the modern X70 pipe has a higher YS with a Y/T ratio of 0.91. The burst pressure of both pipes was analyzed under the following conditions: - Pipes with uniform strength and no anomaly, - Pipes with strength variations and no anomaly, - Pipes with uniform strength and corrosion anomalies, and - Pipes with uniform strength and no anomaly, subjected to field cold bending.
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Speranza, Vito, and Roberto Pantani. Investigation of isotactic polypropylene crystallization in processing conditions. Universidad de los Andes, 2024. https://doi.org/10.51573/andes.pps39.gs.msd.1.

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Flow and pressure applied during polymer transformation processes of semi-crystalline polymers can significantly affect the kinetics of crystallization, final morphology, and properties of the part. In commonly used polymer transformation processes, the molten polymer is subjected to high pressure and thermal stress, as well as intense shear and elongational flow fields. The effect of pressure on crystallization kinetics is significant from both scientific and technological perspectives since the polymer solidifies under high pressure in important industrial processing techniques. On the other hand, the high shear rates experienced during the polymer processing can lead to the development of a highly non-uniform morphology that is typically very different from what is observed for quiescent crystallization of the same polymer. One example is injection molding, where the high shear rates experienced by a polymer melt close to the cold walls of the cavity can lead to a highly oriented layer (“skin” layer), whereas the low flow field close to sample mid-plane can lead to an isotropic layer (“core” layer) developing the so-called “skin-core” morphology. Thus, an understanding of polymer crystallization behavior with respect to the processing conditions is required to enable the rational design of materials and to optimize the final properties of the parts. This work explored the effects of the pressure and flow field on the kinetics of crystallization of isotactic polypropylene (i.e., iPP). The study of the effect of pressure on the crystallization kinetics of iPP was conducted using a dilatometer in the pressure range from 10 MPa to 100 MPa. Several isothermal flow experiments were carried out using two different devices: the Linkam shear cell and the Multi-Pass Rheometer (MPR). To describe the evolution into isotropic structures and fibrillar structures, a Kolmogoroff–Avrami–Evans model was adopted.
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Chapman and Toema. PR-266-07209-R01 Phase 2 - Assessment of the Robustness and Transportability of the Gas Turbine Model. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010719.

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This report presents the modeling study of a gas turbine combustor based on first engineering principles to fully characterize the nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxide emissions (CO). The model is mainly focused on the emissions from the widely used lean-premixed, dry low-NOx combustor. The combustor is divided into several zones where each zone can be considered as a plug-flow reactor. Each of these zones is assumed to have a uniform pressure, temperature and perfect mixing between combustion species. The temperature of each zone is calculated using mass and energy balances along with heat transfer through the combustor liner. The emissions are calculated using well-know pollutant reaction schemes such as the Zeldovich mechanism in addition to other well-established semi-empirical correlations.
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Thembeka Ncube, Ayanda, and Antonio Bobet. Use of Recycled Asphalt. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317316.

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The term Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) is used to designate a material obtained from the removal of pavement materials. RAP is used across the US in multiple applications, largely on asphalt pavement layers. RAP can be described as a uniform granular non-plastic material, with a very low percentage of fines. It is formed by aggregate coated with a thin layer of asphalt. It is often used mixed with other granular materials. The addition of RAP to aggregates decreases the maximum dry unit weight of the mixture and decreases the optimum water content. It also increases the Resilient Modulus of the blend but decreases permeability. RAP can be used safely, as it does not pose any environmental concerns. The most important disadvantage of RAP is that it displays significant creep. It seems that this is caused by the presence of the asphaltic layer coating the aggregate. Creep increases with pressure and with temperature and decreases with the degree of compaction. Creep can be mitigated by either blending RAP with aggregate or by stabilization with chemical compounds. Fly ash and cement have shown to decrease, albeit not eliminate, the amount of creep. Mechanical stabilizing agents such as geotextiles may also be used.
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Wang, Yao, Jeehee Lim, Rodrigo Salgado, Monica Prezzi, and Jeremy Hunter. Pile Stability Analysis in Soft or Loose Soils: Guidance on Foundation Design Assumptions with Respect to Loose or Soft Soil Effects on Pile Lateral Capacity and Stability. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317387.

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The design of laterally loaded piles is often done in practice using the p-y method with API p-y curves representing the behavior of soil at discretized points along the pile length. To account for pile-soil-pile interaction in pile groups, AASHTO (2020) proposes the use of p-multipliers to modify the p-y curves. In this research, we explored, in depth, the design of lateral loaded piles and pile groups using both the Finite Element (FE) method and the p-y method to determine under what conditions pile stability problems were likely to occur. The analyses considered a wide range of design scenarios, including pile diameters ranging from 0.36 m (14.17 inches) to 1.0 m (39.37 inches), pile lengths ranging from 10 m (32.81 ft) to 20 m (65.62 ft), uniform and multilayered soil profiles containing weak soil layers of loose sand or normally consolidated (NC) clay, lateral load eccentricity ranging from 0 m to 10 m (32.81 ft), combined axial and lateral loads, three different pile group configurations (1×5, 2×5, and 3×5), pile spacings ranging from 3 to 5 times the pile diameter, two different load directions (“strong” direction and “weak” direction), and two different pile cap types (free-standing and soil-supported pile caps). Based on the FEA results, we proposed new p-y curve equations for clay and sand. We also examined the behavior of the individual piles in the pile groups and found that the moment applied to the pile cap is partly transferred to the individual piles as moments, which is contrary to the assumption often made that moments are fully absorbed by axial loads on the group piles. This weakens the response of the piles to lateral loading because a smaller lateral pressure is required to produce a given deflection when moments are transferred to the head of the piles as moments. When the p-y method is used without consideration of the transferred moments, unconservative designs result. Based on the FEA results, we proposed both a new set of p-multipliers and a new method to use when moment distribution between piles is not known, using pile efficiency instead to calculate the total capacity of pile groups.
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Macedo, Jorge, Paul Mayne, Sheng Dai, et al. Cone Penetration Testing for Illinois Subsurface Characterization and Geotechnical Design. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/24-013.

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This project sets the stage for implementing a cone penetration testing (CPT) practice in the state of Illinois, providing recommendations for using and interpreting CPT soundings in subsurface investigations. This study also contributes to modernizing Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) policy to current CPT-related practices adopted in other departments of transportation, which is consistent with recommendations from the Federal Highway Administration. Toward the goals of this project, CPT soundings across the nine districts of the state of Illinois have been conducted, and available CPT data at IDOT have been evaluated. The generated data have been uniformly processed, generating a database of 156 CPTs distributed across the nine districts. The database also includes shear wave velocity profiles at 28 locations and pore pressure dissipation tests at 45 locations. In addition, information (editable and non-editable) provided by IDOT has been carefully examined. The provided information consisted of boreholes with standard penetration test (SPT) data and laboratory tests on collected Shelby tubes. This information has been used to develop SPT-CPT correlations that can be applied in the state of Illinois and to provide examples of interpreting seismic piezocone test (SCPTu) data in the context of laboratory testing. Due to the several independent, fast, and reliable measurements that can be conducted in a CPT sounding and the fact that they can be done cost-effectively, CPT soundings are increasingly being preferred for in situ testing, and their adoption at IDOT is a positive step forward and consistent with the best practices at other U.S. departments of transportation.
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