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Journal articles on the topic 'Unilateral Fixed Space Maintainer'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 24 June 2025

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1

Solaman Simon, Louis, Deepika U., Shilpa Philip, Silpa Tarenia, Manoranjan Mahakur, and Krishnaveni L. "BAND AND PONTIC: A MODIFIED BAND AND LOOP SPACE MAINTAINER - CLINICAL INNOVATION." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 10 (2021): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13513.

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Primary teeth play an important role in preventing malocclusion of permanent dentition.When there is prematureloss of primary teeth, the space shouldbe maintained for preserving the arch integrity and preventing space loss. Space maintainers are the treatment of choice in such conditions. The fixed space maintainers are usually indicated to maintain the space created by unilateral/bilateral premature loss of primary teeth in either of the arches.In this clinical scenario, we have modified the band and loop spacemaintainer with a pontic to make it a functional space maintainer.

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Albati, Mohammed, Riham Showlag, Alaa Akili, et al. "Space maintainers application, indication and complications." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 11 (2018): 4970. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20184251.

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Dental space maintenance is essential in cases of premature loss of primary dentition to prevent malposition, supra-eruption, impaction, or crowding of the developing permanent teeth. Many types of space maintainers are available and each type is specifically designated for particular indications. Space maintainers have many classifications according to their design, their fixation pattern, their position, and their site. They can be fixed, semi-fixed, or removable, with or without loops, wires, and/or bands, unilateral or bilateral, and are placed on mandibular or maxillary arches. The most commonly used space maintainers are loops and bands, fixed lingual arches, Nance appliances, and transpalatal arches. Though space maintainers are generally safe, several complications are sometimes inevitable. This article will review the different types of space maintainers and their application and will discuss their indications and potential complications.

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Gurunathan, Deepa, Lakshmi Thangavelu, and Ayesha Fathima. "Clinical Effectiveness of Various Unilateral Fixed Space Maintainers vs Band and Loop Space Maintainers in Mixed Dentition: A Systematic Review." World Journal of Dentistry 15, no. 6 (2024): 544–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2409.

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Tamburrino, Francesco, Andrea Chiocca, Beatrice Aruanno, et al. "A Novel Digitized Method for the Design and Additive Manufacturing of Orthodontic Space Maintainers." Applied Sciences 13, no. 14 (2023): 8320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13148320.

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Primary dentition is crucial in influencing the emergence of permanent teeth. Premature primary tooth loss can result in undesired tooth motions and space loss in the permanent dentition. Typically, fixed or removable dental appliances are adopted to maintain edentulous space until the eruption of permanent teeth. However, traditional space maintainers have limitations in terms of variability in tooth anatomy, potential allergic reactions in some individuals (i.e., nickel sensitivity), difficulties in maintaining oral hygiene, and patient acceptance. The present study introduces a fully digital framework for the design and manufacturing of customized pediatric unilateral space maintainers using generative algorithms. The proposed approach overcomes the current challenges by using a biocompatible resin material and optimizing the device’s size, design, and color. The methodology involves intraoral scanning, surface selection, and trim, generative 3D modeling, finite element analysis (FEA), and additive manufacturing (AM) through vat photopolymerization. FEA results demonstrate the device’s mechanical performance and reliability, while additive manufacturing ensures design freedom, high resolution, surface finishing, dimensional accuracy, and proper fit. The mechanical interlocking system facilitates easy and effective positioning of the device. This digital approach offers the potential for wider usage of space maintainers and can be further validated through experimental assessments and clinical studies.

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Gumber, Parvind, Aditi Sarawgi, Samir Dutta, and Puneet Goenka. "Simple Fixed Functional Space Maintainer." International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 7, no. 3 (2014): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1272.

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Ghosh, Chiranjit, Diptangshu Garai, PradipKumar Mandal, and Sudipta Kar. "Esthetic anterior fixed functional space maintainer." International Journal of Pedodontic Rehabilitation 2, no. 2 (2017): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijpr.ijpr_16_17.

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Ramesh, R., Savitha Sathyaprasad, Monika Godilli Krishnareddy, Vinisha Vinod, Nikhil Das, and Irfana Ilyas. "Comparative Evaluation of Fixed Functional Cantilever Space Maintainer and Fixed Nonfunctional Space Maintainer: A Randomized Controlled Trial." International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 15, no. 6 (2023): 750–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2478.

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Varghese, Nezy Susan, Ruchika Kundra, and Abi M. Thomas. "Utilitarian fixed space maintainer in an 8-year old with multilateral dentoalveolar abscess- A case report." International Journal of Oral Health Dentistry 9, no. 2 (2023): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijohd.2023.023.

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Early exfoliation of primary molars is common among pediatric patients. Construction of a space maintainer should be in accordance with the age of the child and developmental status of the dentition. Pediatric dentists should not only address the space loss but also consider the functional, emotional and hygienic challenges the child might face. The subject was 8 years old and presented with multilateral dentoalveolar abscess and difficulty in chewing. Pain of the involved teeth was addressed through multidisciplinary approach followed by construction of utilitarian fixed space maintainer. The conclusion was that the construction of bilateral utilitarian fixed space maintainer not only addressed the preservation of leeway space but also restored the functional efficacy.

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9

Mosharrafian, Shahram, Ali Baghalian, Mohammad Hassan Hamrah, and Mojgan Kargar. "Clinical Evaluation for Space Maintainer after Unilateral Loss of Primary First Molar in the Early Mixed Dentition Stage." International Journal of Dentistry 2021 (December 27, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3967164.

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Background and Objectives: Controversy exists regarding the need for a space maintainer after early unilateral loss of a primary first molar. This study aimed to assess the need for a space maintainer after unilateral loss of a primary first molar in the early mixed dentition period. Materials and Methods. In this cross-sectional study, fifty children between 6 and 8 years who had lost a primary first molar unilaterally later than 6 months ago were randomly selected. Midline deviation, molar and canine relationships at both sides, facial growth pattern, and the amount of space loss were all assessed. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 via the one-sample t-test, paired t-test, and linear regression (alpha = 0.05). Results. The mean amount of space loss was 1.36 ± 0.78 mm (1.32 mm in the maxilla and 1.40 mm in the mandible). Time since tooth extraction and facial pattern had significant correlations with space loss P < 0.05 . Conclusion. In this particular age group, it is imperative to precisely assess the related factors such as the facial pattern and time since tooth extraction to decide about the placement of a space maintainer for a prematurely lost primary first molar.

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Gururaj, G., Mohammed Zameer, and Mohammed Mudasser. "Interim fixed space maintainer: A new technique." Annals and Essences of Dentistry 6, no. 1 (2014): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-156x.2014.00004.5.

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De lira, Ana de Lourdes Sá, Ageu Lima da Costa, Guilherme Henrique Alves da Fonseca, Nayra Rafaelle Fernandes da Silva, and Keila Rejane de Jesus Martins. "Deciduous tooth early loss prevalence in posterior region and indication of band-loop space maintainer." Brazilian Dental Science 22, no. 3 (2019): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bds.2019.v22i3.1693.

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Aim: To investigate the prevalence of the early unitary loss of deciduous and the need for space maintainer in the posterior region, of the band-loop type. Methods: The clinical examination of 568 children between 6 and 12 years of age in mixed dentition was performed in two municipal schools. After the diagnosis of premature loss of one or two deciduous molars (unilateral, one or both arches, respectively), without successors initiating the eruptive process in the oral cavity, the child was referred to the Clinical School of Dentistry of UESPI (CSD ) for installation of the band-handle space maintainer. Results: The prevalence of early molar loss was 4.04%, the etiological factor of which was dental caries for all sample. Only 13 attended the CEO for detailed examination. After radiographic examination, it was verified that 8 did not need space maintainers because they were approximately 2/3 of the permanent successors root formation. In 5 children was placed the maintainer of space, band-handle, who are being supervised every 3 months until the eruption of the permanent successors. Conclusion: The prevalence of early premolar molar loss was 4.04% with no statistical difference between genders. The use of space maintainers after the early loss of a deciduous tooth is a preventive measure of malocclusion, being the band-loop appliance an excellent choice after loss of the deciduous unilateral molar.

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Souror, YasserR, MohammedSameer Khawandanah, SherifE Allam, and RenadA Alaishan. "Case report: A novel, fixed chairside space maintainer." International Journal of Pedodontic Rehabilitation 4, no. 2 (2019): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijpr.ijpr_17_19.

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Kallar, S., and G. S. Brar. "Ribbond as an Esthetic Space Maintainer." International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences 1, no. 2 (2012): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/ijmds/2012/18696.

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Ribbond is a biocompatible, esthetic material made from a highstrength polyethylene fiber. Lenowoven polyethylene ribbon (Ribbond) has been used successfully for tooth splinting, replacement of missing teeth, reinforcement of provisional acrylic resin fixed partial dentures, and orthodontic retention. This paper presents the application of this polyethylene ribbon - RIBBOND as an esthetic space maintainer in pedodontic practice. We suggest that this combined technique of polyethylene fibers and composite material could be very efficient alternative procedure to conventional unesthetic space maintainers in pedodontic practice with excellent esthetics and functional results.

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Sinha, Antara, Anju Vinod, Anitha Anand, and Sunil Raj N. "Functional Space Maintainer - A Case Series." RGUHS Journal of Dental Sciences 14, no. 3 (2022): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26715/rjds.14_3_21.

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The untimely loss of primary teeth in young children is a common problem leading to vast number of adverse effects like malocclusion, loss of arch length, loss of function and psychological effects on the child. Thus, prompt treatment with the placement of space maintainer is necessary. Fixed space maintainers are universally preferred by clinicians and patients. However, they are not functional and long-time wear will result in supra-eruption of the opposing teeth. The present paper discusses three cases wherein traditional band and loop and lingual arch space maintainers were modified and made functional.

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Kirzioğlu, Zuhal, Z. Zahit Çiftçi, and Ceylan Ç. Yetiş. "Clinical Success of Fiber-reinforced Composite Resin as a Space Maintainer." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 18, no. 3 (2017): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2014.

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ABSTRACT Introduction The early loss of deciduous molars is a frequently encountered problem in dentistry. Various space maintainer designs were developed to prevent the loss of the space. The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term clinical performance and survival rates of fiber-reinforced composite resin (FRCR) as a space maintainer clinically. Materials and methods This study was designed on 44 children who had early missed deciduous molars. Space maintainers were prepared on plaster models of patients and fixed directly to the adjacent teeth. Survival rate and whether it causes any damage to adjacent teeth were examined clinically and radiographically for 24 months or until failure. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used for the statistical analyses. Results Overall, 16.2% of space maintainers were dislodged and accepted to be failed at the end of 12 months. At the 24-month control, 52.2% success was stated with the FRCR space maintainer and because of permanent tooth eruption, 31.8% of space maintainer were taken out. The mean duration of space maintainers was measured to be 14.8±3.48 months. There was no statistical significance between survival time and gender, tooth number, localization, and measured space (p > 0.05). Conclusion After all 24 months follow-up, as well as esthetic properties of FRCR space maintainer, their applicability in a single seance and strength against the forces are determined as the advantages of the technique. Clinical significance The FRCR space maintainers can be thought of as alternatives to metal space maintainers. How to cite this article Kirzioğlu Z, Çiftçi ZZ, Yetiş CÇ. Clinical Success of Fiber-reinforced Composite Resin as a Space Maintainer. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(3):188-193.

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1., Dr Carrolene Langpoklakpam, Dr.Divya Singh 2., Prof Dr Nidhi Gupta 3., Prof Dr Natasha Gambhir 4., and Dr Rashi Singh 5. "Restoring the Lost Smile: A Case Report." A Journal of Advanced Dentistry Updent 11, no. 01 (2022): 13–15. https://doi.org/10.4880/zenodo.5930358.

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When a deciduous tooth is lost early than its normal exfoliation time, the teeth next to the edentulous area tend to migrate into the space, leading to the loss of space needed for the normal alignment of the permanent erupting teeth in the arch, leading to overcrowding and other kinds of malocclusion.The most typical application of a space maintainer appliance is to preserve the area formed by the early loss of a primary molar while waiting for its successor permanent teeth to erupt.This paper will describe a case study using an interim fixed functional space maintainer appliance.

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Biedma-Perea, María, Carolina Caleza-Jiménez, Asunción Mendoza-Mendoza, and David Ribas-Pérez. "Longevity of Aesthetic Fixed Space Maintainers in the Anterior Area of the Pediatric Dental Patient." Children 10, no. 11 (2023): 1734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10111734.

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Space maintenance for children at very early ages in primary molars or posterior sectors is widely used and the scientific evidence is clear as to its indications. In the anterior sectors there are doubts as to whether there is a loss of space and its use is usually accompanied by aesthetic, phonatory requirements or the completion of certain habits. In this type of aesthetic anterior maintainer, there are many medium and long-term complications that can occur. Purpose: To evaluate the factors determining possible complications capable of reducing the longevity of aesthetic fixed space maintainers placed due to premature loss of temporary upper anterior teeth. Methods: Data were collected on 100 patients of 1–5 years of age requiring fixed space maintainer placement in the upper anterior area due to caries or traumatisms. Results: Complications were recorded in the form of resin tooth fracture (in 41% of the cases), welding fracture (16%), detachments (28%), gingivitis (26%) and root resorptions (8%). Space maintainer placement in younger children (12–24 months of age) was associated with a significantly greater incidence of root resorptions (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Within the limits of the present study, it is concluded that fixed space maintainers would be a good treatment option in patients with prematurely missing anterior teeth, though the use of temporary first molars as abutments could imply a greater risk of failure, with a lesser incidence of root resorptions. Periodic checks and adequate measures of hygiene are essential.

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Habibullah, MohammedA, ShamS Bhat, and SundeepK Hedge. "Fixed functional space maintainer: Treatment considerations and case report." International Journal of Oral Care and Research 8, no. 2 (2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/injo.injo_8_20.

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Chalakkal, Paul, Neil De Souza, GodwinClovis Da Costa, and Kennedy Mascarenhas. "Fixed functional space maintainer incorporating a tenon-mortise connector." Contemporary Clinical Dentistry 9, no. 4 (2018): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ccd.ccd_722_18.

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Clara, Nabila, and Jeffrey . "Semi-Fixed Space Maintainer Treatment In Premature Loss Deciduous Tooth." SONDE (Sound of Dentistry) 5, no. 2 (2020): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.28932/sod.v5i2.2112.

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Introduction: The period of deciduous teeth is an important period in child development. Damage to deciduous teeth that occur and cannot be treated conservatively will cause premature decay of teeth which is often called premature loss. A space maintainer is a passive tool used to maintain dental arches due to premature loss of deciduous teeth. Method: An 11-year-old girl accompanied by her mother came to RSGMP Unjani in 2018 with complaints of lower right back teeth missing because they have removed. The patient's mother is worried that her replacement teeth will not grow properly. Intraoral examination revealed tooth loss 85. The study model was analyzed using the Moyers method. Results: Analysis of the lower jaw model showed excess space. Patients were treated with a semi-fixed band and loop space maintainer on teeth 85. Conclusion: Premature loss results in excess space in the arch, so as to prevent further occlusion abnormalities in the child's growth and development process, we need a special tool used to maintain space due to premature loss of deciduous teeth.

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Padmanabhan, Vaishnavi, Shreya Kishore, and Suvetha S. "Fiber Reinforced Composite Space Maintainers Versus Band and Loop Space Maintainers – A Systematic Review." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 31 (2021): 2505–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/512.

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BACKGROUND Premature loss of primary teeth requires orthodontic intervention to prevent the occurrence of malocclusions in the future. The most preferred way to maintain this space is by using space maintainers. Band and loop maintainers are the most commonly used fixed space maintainers. Despite being the most effective, it has several disadvantages. Hence, the objective of this review was to compare the efficiency between fiber reinforced composite (FRC) space maintainer and the conventional band & loop space maintainer. METHODS A systematic review was performed. Electronic and hand search retrieved 260 records, 246 were screened. The intervention and outcomes were assessed in the study included for systematic review. RESULTS Seven studies were included in this systematic review. These studies compared the fiber reinforced composite and the conventional band & loop and provided results about their clinical efficacy and patient satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS Despite being one of the gold standard appliances for space maintenance, the conventional band and loop space maintainers have multiple disadvantages. The major disadvantages included failure of the appliance due to cement loss and bending of the wire. Out of the 7 articles included in this study, 6 of the articles concluded that the FRC space maintainers are as effective as the conventional band and loop. FRC space maintainers proved to be time effective, more aesthetic, has better patient acceptance and is easier to fabricate. Hence, fiber reinforced composite space maintainers can be used as a more aesthetic and effective alternative to the conventional band and loop space maintainers if proper technique and protocol is followed. KEY WORDS Space Maintainers, Band and Loop Space Maintainer, Fiber Reinforced Space Maintainer, Interceptive Orthodontics, Orthodontics

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Asokan, Sharath, KP Aswanth, and BabyJ John. "Fixed functional space maintainer: A weight gainer: A case report." Journal of Indian Academy of Dental Specialist Researchers 1, no. 1 (2014): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2229-3019.135442.

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Behroozian, Ahmad, Parastou Nastarin, Marziyeh Aghazadeh, et al. "Can Fixed Space Maintainers Have Adverse Effect on the Teeth and Periodontium?" Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 36 (2021): 3132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/638.

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BACKGROUND Space maintenance after premature loss of primary teeth is of importance in preventing space loss and potential crowding in future. Fixed space maintainers are used to prevent space loss but the presence of such fixed appliances near the tooth and its supporting structures may have some adverse effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential adverse effects of fixed space maintainers on the teeth and periodontium. METHODS Twenty young children in mixed dentition period (between 8 – 11y 7m years old) who were considered for space maintainer treatment were selected. Each patient had bilateral first molars that went under the band for fixed space maintainer. The patients were examined for decayed, missed and filled teeth (DMFT), bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level, gingival index and periodontal pocket depth at the beginning (T0), one month (T1), three months (T2) and six months (T3) later. Repeated measures ANOVA then Post - hoc LSD (Friedman test for gingival index) tests were used to interpret the data. RESULTS As compared to the beginning of the study, at the end of the 6 months follow-up period DMFT of the involved first molars did not change significantly (P = 0.163). But bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level, gingival index and periodontal pocket depths changed significantly at the same time frame (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The fixed space maintainers might have some adverse effects on the periodontal structures of the banded teeth, so the clinicians should insist more on oral hygiene instructions and the patients must be under intense oral hygiene control. KEY WORDS Space Maintainers, DMFT, Bleeding on Probing, Clinical Attachment Level, Periodontal Pocket Depth

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Horax, Sherly. "Management of premature loss of primary first molar case with simple fixed space maintainer." Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science 8, no. 1 (2009): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/jdmfs.v8i1.208.

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Early loss of primary molars may cause a space problem for the arch development.Several techniques have been used to treat this problem. One of the therapies thatcould be used is space maintainer therapy. This paper will explain the management ofpremature loss of mandible primary first molar by using a simple fixed spacemaintainer combined with molar band and resin composite.

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Patel, Jimisha, Mayur Vaghasiya, Pooja Patel, Shoba Fernandes, and Jayasudha Kalgudi. "ANTERIOR FIXED FUNCTIONAL SPACE MAINTAINER; NOVEL AESTHETIC APPROACH: A CASE SERIES." International Journal of Advanced Research 6, no. 2 (2018): 1051–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/6528.

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Harold Raúl Escobar Cárdenas, Dayana Estefania Nivelo Tenesaca, Jessenia Katherine Pinargote Clavijo, Milton Rivaldo Valencia Arteaga, Karen Anais Urgiles Espinoza, and Maria Yolanda Yunga Picón. "Causes of premature loss of primary teeth and frequency of the utilization of space maintainers in children aged 6-8 years attending the School of Dentistry at the University of Cuenca during the period 2019-2022." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 19, no. 1 (2023): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.19.1.1284.

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Space maintainers are fixed or removable appliances whose main purpose is to maintain the space caused by the loss of one or more primary teeth, preventing the migration of adjacent teeth into the edentulous space. Objective: To determine the cause of premature loss of one or more teeth and the frequency of the use of space maintainers in children aged 6-8 years attending the Faculty of Dentistry during the period 2019-2022. Materials and methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study, through the analysis of 123 undergraduate clinical records of the orthodontic clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Cuenca with 78 boys and 45 girls between the ages of 6 and 8 years. For the bibliographic analysis, search strategies were used in the Pubmed, Scielo, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases published between 2015 to 2022. Results: The most common space maintainer used in children is the Ansa band, followed by the lingual arch, Hawley plate, Nance button and the least frequent was the Schwartz plate. The most frequent etiology causing premature tooth loss is dental caries, followed by pathological root resorption of the deciduous tooth and trauma leading to the need for the use of space maintainer. Conclusions: Dental caries is the factor that causes the greatest premature loss of primary teeth, with the Ansa Band space maintainer being one of the most commonly used appliances in both boys and girls aged 6 to 8 years.

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Kapur, Aditi, Chawla HS, Ashima Goyal, and Krishan Gauba. "An esthetic point of view in very young children." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 30, no. 2 (2006): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.30.2.360k2j4452773418.

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Extensive carious breakdown of primary anterior teeth to the cervical level and their loss in very young children invariably leads to lack of confidence and self-esteem and may cause psychological problems. The present paper deals with the management of three such cases by means of biological restorations, anterior fixed space maintainer and over-dentures.

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Kottai Gandhi, Geeth Deepika, Jonathan Vasantha Rajan PT, and Dinesh Nandakumar Gopalan. "The Distal Pole-Alternative to Conventional Distal Shoe Space Maintainer: A Case Report." Asian Journal of Dental and Health Sciences 4, no. 2 (2024): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajdhs.v4i2.75.

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Aim and Background: A major clinical challenge for pedodontist is space maintenance in primary dentition associated with the premature loss of primary teeth. When a primary second molar is lost prematurely, it is the distal shoe appliance (DSA) most widely used and proved to be the effective tool in guiding the permanent first molar into its proper place. Case Description: The sole purpose of this case report is to describe briefly the clinical management of unilateral extensively carious primary mandibular second molar with a modified distal shoe space maintainer which we named it as “distal pole” which is highly inevitable to prevent space loss and following malocclusion development in later stages. Clinical Significance: The prime importance in pediatric dentistry is preserving the primary teeth in the dental arch until their physiological exfoliation time however there are certain conditions which are challenging at times where extraction seems unavoidable. Keywords: distal shoe, space maintenance, E space, Deciduous Dentitions

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Harold, Raúl Escobar Cárdenas, Estefania Nivelo Tenesaca Dayana, Katherine Pinargote Clavijo Jessenia, Rivaldo Valencia Arteaga Milton, Anais Urgiles Espinoza Karen, and Yolanda Yunga Picón Maria. "Causes of premature loss of primary teeth and frequency of the utilization of space maintainers in children aged 6-8 years attending the School of Dentistry at the University of Cuenca during the period 2019-2022." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 19, no. 1 (2023): 168–73. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10216919.

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Space maintainers are fixed or removable appliances whose main purpose is to maintain the space caused by the loss of one or more primary teeth, preventing the migration of adjacent teeth into the edentulous space.<strong>Objective:</strong> To determine the cause of premature loss of one or more teeth and the frequency of the use of space maintainers in children aged 6-8 years attending the Faculty of Dentistry during the period 2019-2022.<strong>Materials and methods:</strong> Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study, through the analysis of 123 undergraduate clinical records of the orthodontic clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Cuenca with 78 boys and 45 girls between the ages of 6 and 8 years. For the bibliographic analysis, search strategies were used in the Pubmed, Scielo, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases published between 2015 to 2022.<strong>Results:</strong> The most common space maintainer used in children is the Ansa band, followed by the lingual arch, Hawley plate, Nance button and the least frequent was the Schwartz plate. The most frequent etiology causing premature tooth loss is dental caries, followed by pathological root resorption of the deciduous tooth and trauma leading to the need for the use of space maintainer.<strong>Conclusions:</strong> Dental caries is the factor that causes the greatest premature loss of primary teeth, with the Ansa Band space maintainer being one of the most commonly used appliances in both boys and girls aged 6 to 8 years.

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Volpato, Luiz ER, Aline SB Crivelli, Ellen TRT Oliveira, Antonio MS Nobreza, and Andrei Rosa. "Rehabilitation with Esthetic Functional Fixed Space Maintainer: A Report of Two Cases." International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 14, no. 2 (2021): 315–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1921.

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International, Journal of Dental Science and Innovative Research (IJDSIR). "Reviving Innocence: Smile Reconstruction in Toddlers Using GROPER'S Appliance – A Case Report." International Journal of Dental Science and Innovative Research (IJDSIR) 8, no. 1 (2025): 190–93. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15209180.

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<strong>Abstract</strong> Premature loss of anterior teeth is frequently seen in the pediatric dental clinic which results in a possible disturbances in the occlusion development and presents a number of physiological and psychological problems. The purpose of this study was to report a case of rehabilitation of anterior primary teeth, with the aid of fixed functional space maintainer – Groper’s appliance.

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Mahato, Manojit, Nivedita Saxena, Khushbu Samani, Nikhil Marwah, and Srishty Chalana. "Maintenance of space by innovative clinical application of flexible partial denture: a case report." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 10, no. 6 (2023): 955–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20231508.

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The permanent first molar is more susceptible to dental caries than other permanent tooth. Loss of permanent first molar at an early age can cause several issues. It becomes a challenge for a pediatric dentist to provide a prosthesis to the child which would be functional, and act as a space maintainer till dental implant or fixed prosthesis can be planned for the same. This case report describes the unique use of flexible denture for space maintenance upon early loss of permanent first molar.

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Hemdan, Moataz-bellah E., Ibrahim Hassan H. El Kalla, and Rizk A. El Agamy. "Clinical Evaluation of Different Designs of Fixed Space Maintainer: A Randomized Clinical Trial." International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 17, no. 4 (2024): 442–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2835.

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Khare, V., P. A. Nayak, V. Khandelwal, and U. A. Nayak. "Fixed functional space maintainer: novel aesthetic approach for missing maxillary primary anterior teeth." Case Reports 2013, jun03 1 (2013): bcr2013009585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2013-009585.

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Heidari, Alireza, Saeedeh Mokhtari, Mohammad Hassan Hamrah, Zahra Tavana, Mahyar Heydarigoojani, and Narges Tavana. "Investigating the Factors Affecting the Need for Unilateral Space Maintainer for First Primary Molars in Late Mixed Dentition." BioMed Research International 2022 (March 29, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7604144.

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Background. Premature loss of deciduous teeth can lead to loss of space and have a negative effect on occlusion. The use of space maintainers can reduce the severity of problems such as crowding. However, the literature is controversial regarding the effects of early loss of primary first molars The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting the need for unilateral space maintainer for the first deciduous molars in late mixed dentition. In this cross-sectional study, fifty children between 6 to 8 years who had lost a primary first molar unilaterally later than 6 months ago were randomly selected. Midline deviation, molar and canine relationships at both sides, facial growth pattern, and the amount of space loss were all assessed. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 via one-sample t-test, paired t-test, and linear regression ( alpha = 0.05 ). Methods. In this cross-sectional study, 47 children aged 8 to 10 years with early unilaterally loss of first primary molar in the past 6 months were randomly selected. First, the type of occlusion based on the angle molar relationship and the growth pattern of face based on the Hall and Farkas and midline were assessed. Anterior crowding was measured. SPSS 25 program and Chi-square, t-test, ANOVA, and linear regression were used to analyze the data. A significance level of 0.05 was considered. Results. The results showed that the amount of space loss is 0.56 mm ( maxilla = 0.54 and mandible = 0.58 ), which is not clinically significant, and there is no need for space maintainer. Increasing age ( p = 0.021 ) and increasing the percentage ratio of facial pattern ( p = 0.009 ) significantly reduced the space loss and increased the duration of tooth loss ( p = 0.002 ), and molar relationship in the control side ( p = 0.05 ) and increasing the canine to lateral distance ( p = 0.016 ) significantly increased the space loss. Other factors such as crowding, midline deviation, and canine relationship on the control side did not have significant effects on space loss. Conclusion. Space loss due to extraction of the first primary molars in late mixed dentition was neither statistically nor clinically significant. However, in cases of severe crowding, the vertical growth pattern of the face, and molar relationship, further studies are needed, and follow-up of patients is recommended.

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Tuloglu, Nuray, Sule Bayrak, and Emine Sen Tunc. "Different Clinical Applications of Bondable Reinforcement Ribbond in Pediatric Dentistry." European Journal of Dentistry 03, no. 04 (2009): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1697453.

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ABSTRACTRibbond is a bondable, biocompatible, esthetic, translucent and easy-to-use reinforced ribbon. By virtue of its wide spectrum of intended properties, it enjoys various applications in clinical dentistry. This case report demonstrates usage of Ribbond as a space maintainer, a fixed partial denture with a natural tooth pontic, an endodontic post and cores and a splint material in children. Ribbond can be used as an alternative to conventional treatment in pediatric dentistry. (Eur J Dent 2009;3:329-334)

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Rani, Reena, Sanjay Chachra, Abhishek Dhindsa, and Manu Sharma. "Clinical success of fixed space maintainers: Conventional band and loop versus fiber-reinforced composite loop space maintainer." New Nigerian Journal of Clinical Research 9, no. 15 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/nnjcr.nnjcr_32_19.

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Martín-Vacas, Andrea, Antonia M. Caleya, and Nuria E. Gallardo. "Comparative Analysis of Space Maintenance Using Transpalatal Arch and Nance Button." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 45, no. 2 (2021): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/1053-4625-45.2.10.

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The aim of this manuscript analyses the efficacy of Transpalatal Arch (TPA) and Nance Button (NB) in maintaining space after the premature loss of upper primary molars. Study design: 54 subjects who needed space maintenance in the upper arch (23 in the TPA group and 31 in the NB group) and had radiographic follow-up until the appliance removal were enrolled in the study. The space loss was obtained from measurements carried out in initial and final radiographs. Type of dental loss and changes in molar relationship were also recorded. Results: The mean of space loss in the TPA group was 1.336mm, while in the NB group was 0.695mm, with no statistically significant differences between the total space loss neither the type of dental loss within the NB or TPA group (p &gt;0.05). Conclusions: The loss of space in the unilateral second primary molar is higher in the TPA group than in the NB group, with significant statistically differences (p&lt;0.05). It is concluded that the loss of the leeway space using a TPA as a space maintainer is greater than using a NB.

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AMORIM, Camila Silva De, Gabriella Fernandes RODRIGUES, Rafael Dos Reis MORAES, Lucianne Cople MAIA, and Matheus Melo PITHON. "Direct bonded space maintainer: an alternative in clinical practice after unilateral premature loss of posterior primary tooth." Rio de Janeiro Dental Journal (Revista Científica do CRO-RJ) 4, no. 1 (2019): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/24816.4.1-19.

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Mârţu, Ioana, Ionuţ Luchian, Cătălina Dănilă, Cristian Mârțu, Eduard Bârcă, and Maria Antonela Beldiman. "The Influence of Manufacturing and Material Quality on Space Maintainers Longevity." Applied Mechanics and Materials 809-810 (November 2015): 1293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.809-810.1293.

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Premature loss of temporary teeth, both the lateral and the frontal area can have unfavorable consequences on the development of permanent dentition, the support serving to maintain space for permanent teeth eruption in the dental arches. The aim of the study was assessment of different types of fixed and removable space maintainers in terms of their longevity in the dental arches that were applied as interceptive orthodontic treatment for edentulous space management transiently due to premature loss of deciduous teeth. The study followed the evolution of space maintainers properly applied to clinical cases that required these therapeutic options, and appreciated the success rate and the failure of these devices, important being the time at which the assessments were made. Findings failure rate of applied space maintainers was reported to the main causes that could lead to remove the devices: loss of space maintainers, especially those removable, fracturing both fixed and removable devices, loosening orthodontic rings and of course, taking into account the absence of some subjects at periodic reassessment meetings. The space maintainer was considered a success when it fulfill the main role for which it was applied - transitional management of edentulous space, and then being removed when the permanent succession tooth eruption occurred.

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Cruz, Mariana Henriques, Diana Fernandes de Melo, Fernando dos Santos Gonçalves Junior, et al. "Perda precoce dos elementos 11 e 12 por trauma dental, com intervenção ortodôntica preventiva na odontopediatria: relato de caso." Revista Clínica de Odontologia 5, no. 1 (2024): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.70614/xemn8325.

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Dental trauma is one that affects the hard tissues embraced, supporting structures or soft tissues in the oral cavity. It is observed more frequently in male children of school age (07 to 12 years old). The most affected teeth in the trauma taken are central and lateral incisors. With regard to tooth avulsions, the protection of children's bone tissue favors a higher frequency in this population than in the adult population. Dental avulsion occurs after displacement of the element out of its alveolus. There is a break in the blood supply to the pulp of the tooth and when this happens the chance of replantation achieved is totally impossible. Thus bringing several harms to the patient such as difficulty in speech, poor aesthetics, or even mesialize or distalize some other acquired element. Space maintainers are used as removable or fixed appliances to treat malocclusion or esthetic defects. They are braces made of acrylics with two extended teeth. Choosing a removable appliance comes with benefits such as better hygiene, satisfactory aesthetics, low cost, and maintenance of the cervico-occlusal space, in addition to the mesio-distal space. The objective of this study was to report a clinical case of avulsion of element 11 and 12 caused by trauma in childhood with the use of a space maintainer. We conclude that it is possible to treat a patient with dentoalveolar trauma with intervention using a space maintainer, since in the present case success was obtained in the selection of therapy, restoring aesthetics and function to the patient. Thus reducing possible orthodontic problems of the child, with follow-up until his/her old age.

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Prasad, M. Bhanu, and S. Sreevalli. "Unilateral Molar Distalization: A Nonextraction Therapy." Case Reports in Dentistry 2012 (2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/846319.

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In the recent years, nonextraction treatment approaches and noncompliance therapies have become more popular in the correction of space discrepancies. One of the conventional approaches for space gaining in the arches without patient compliance is done by using certain extra oral appliances or intraoral appliance. The greatest advantage of certain appliances like fixed functional and molar distalization appliances is that they minimize the dependence on patient cooperation. Molar distalization appliances like pendulum appliance which distalizes the molar rapidly without the need of head gear can be used in patients as a unilateral space gaining procedure due to buccal segment crowding.

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Kaur, Harpreet, Gunmeen Sadana, Sunil Gupta, Rashu Grover, and Aanchal Sharma. "Comparative evaluation of the retention of two different preformed molar bands: An in vitro study." Archives of Dental Research 12, no. 1 (2022): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.adr.2022.004.

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: The purpose of giving space maintainer in primary dentition is to prevent the migration of adjacent teeth, thus holding space in dental arch for succedaneous tooth to erupt. Molar band is the fundamental component of space maintainer. The retention of band to the tooth surface is important to ensure fixed appliance therapy. Several methods have been described to improve the mechanical retentive surfaces of bands including sandblasting, burs, etc. Sandblasting of the metal surfaces improves the retention by roughening, thereby increasing the surface area and improving the potential for degree of mechanical attachment. : The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the forces require to deband preformed pre- sandblasted and preformed in-office sandblasted molar band and to determine which type is successful to ensure superior band retention. : Twenty sound permanent molars were selected and equally divided into two groups. In group I, pre sandblasted molar bands were cemented onto the molar teeth and in group II, in-office sandblasted molar bands were cemented onto the molar teeth using ReLyX U200 as luting cement in both. The cemented samples were tested for their resistance to dislodgement on Instron Universal testing machine in tensile mode. : The result showed that the debanding forces required to remove the pre-sandblasted bands were higher as compared to in-office sandblasted molar bands. : Pre-sandblasted bands resulted in greater degree of surface roughness by providing a stronger bond between the band and the tooth as compared to in-office sandblasted bands.

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Kizilci, Esra, Volkan Arikan, Nurhan Ozalp, and Berrin Ozcelik. "The effect of space maintainers on salivary pH, flow rate, and the oral microflora." Australasian Orthodontic Journal 37, no. 2 (2021): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/aoj-2021.028.

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Abstract Background Space maintainers are used to preserve created space caused by the premature loss of primary teeth but they may also upset the oral environment and play a role in caries formation. The current research aimed to assess the impact of removable and fixed space maintainers on salivary pH, flow rate, and the oral microflora. Methods Thirty-eight patients aged between 4 and 10 years, each of whom required a fixed (n = 19) or removable space maintainer (n = 19), were enrolled in this research. The salivary pH, saliva flow rate, salivary Streptococcus mutans, and Lactobacillus counts were measured immediately prior to the placement of the space maintainers (baseline-T0) and during the follow-up period, at the 1st (T1), 3rd (T3), and 6th (T6) month. The Wilcoxon, Mann–Whitney U test and Friedman tests were applied for statistical analyses. Results Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus counts were significantly higher at the 6th month time period in comparison with the baseline scores for both groups (P < 0.001). The salivary pH and flow rates did not change significantly at any measurement period (P > 0.05). Conclusions Space maintainers can favour caries formation by changing the oral microflora. It is advisable to warn patients and their parents of the risks and provide motivation to perform meticulous oral hygiene.

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Chaudhary, V., B. Shrivastava, HP Bhatia, A. Aggarwal, AK Singh, and N. Gupta. "Multifunctional Ribbond - A Versatile Tool." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 36, no. 4 (2012): 325–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.36.4.n140k84100758340.

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Pediatric dentists come across a variety of cases in their day to day practice that requires quick intervention in order to enhance or restore children's smile and functions in the oral cavity. Ribbond is one such material, which has occupied an important place in the dentist's repertoire. Ribbond can be used as an alternative to conventional treatment in pediatric dentistry. This case report demonstrates usage of Ribbond as a space maintainer, a fixed partial denture with an acrylic tooth pontic, an endodontic post and a splint material in children. Ribbond combines high-strength fibers with enhanced bondability and patented crosslink lock-stitch leno weave. Ribbond's strength, esthetics, and bondability make it useful for multiple applications in clinical pediatric dentistry.

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Kalia, Garima, Sandeep Tandon, NamekshRaj Bhupali, Ambika Rathore, Rinku Mathur, and Khushboo Rathore. "Speech evaluation in children with missing anterior teeth and after prosthetic rehabilitation with fixed functional space maintainer." Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 36, no. 4 (2018): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_221_18.

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Da Silva, Priscila Vieira, Juliana Severino Lupinetti Noberto, Ariane Barbosa Rodrigues Del Papa, Cíntia Aparecida Damo Simões, Sandrine Bittencourt Berger, and Andreza Maria Fábio Aranha. "Aesthetic-Functional Fixed Appliance as Treatment of Premature Loss of primary Anterior Teeth." Journal of Health Sciences 21, no. 5 (2019): 454–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2447-8938.2019v21n5p454-458.

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Abstract The early loss of anterior primary teeth is frequent in the pediatric dentistry clinic and it is associated with extensive caries or dental trauma. The purpose of this study was to report two cases of aesthetic-functional rehabilitation due to early loss of anterior primary teeth, with the aid of fixed space maintainers of the tube-bar type. In the first case, a 4-year-old female child referred for dental treatment is reported. During clinical examination, several restorations in the posterior teeth and absent upper anterior teeth were observed. The treatment plan consisted of installing a tube-bar type upper fixed space maintainer, considering the ease of installation and adaptation for young children. The second case reports a 5-year-old male patient with the main complaint of dental caries. Clinical examination revealed extensive coronary destruction in the upper central incisors, as well as in the posterior teeth that presented carious lesions in several teeth. For the case planning, it was determined the need for the posterior teeth restorations and the exodontia of the anterior dental remnants. After oral rehabilitation, an aesthetic-functional space maintainer of the tube-bar type was made and installed. In both cases, prosthetic rehabilitation was fundamental to maintain the space until the eruption of the permanent successors, avoiding future damages, as well as to restore the children's self-esteem and introversion behavior. Keywords: Deciduous. Space maintenance. Mouth rehabilitation. Resumo A perda precoce dos dentes decíduos anteriores é frequente na clínica odontopediátrica e está associada a processos de cáries extensas ou traumas dentários. O objetivo do presente estudo foi relatar dois casos clínicos de reabilitação estético-funcional após perda precoce de dentes decíduos anteriores, com auxílio de mantenedores de espaço fixo do tipo tubo-barra. O primeiro caso refere-se a uma criança do sexo feminino, quatro anos de idade, encaminhada para atendimento odontológico. Durante exame clínico, observou-se restaurações nos dentes posteriores e ausência dos dentes anteriores superiores. O plano de tratamento consistiu na instalação de um mantenedor de espaço fixo superior do tipo tubo-barra, levando em consideração a facilidade de instalação e adaptação para crianças com pouca idade. O segundo caso reporta um paciente de sexo masculino, cinco anos de idade, tendo como queixa principal a presença de cáries dentárias. Ao exame clínico, foi notado extensas destruições coronárias nos incisivos centrais superiores, assim como nos dentes posteriores. Para o planejamento do caso, determinou-se a necessidade de restaurações dos dentes posteriores e as exodontia dos remanescentes dentários anteriores. Após adequação do meio bucal foi confeccionado e instalado um mantenedor de espaço estético-funcional do tipo tubo-barra. Em ambos os casos, a reabilitação protética foi fundamental para a manutenção do espaço até a irrupção dos sucessores permanentes, evitando prejuízos futuros, devolvendo a autoestima e a mudança do comportamento de introversão das crianças. Palavras-chave: Dente decíduo. Reabilitação bucal. Mantenedor de espaço em ortodontia.

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Sathyaprasad, Savitha, SH Krishnamoorthy, Anjana, Vijayanath, and Vinisha Vinod. "Contemporary approach for space maintainers- A case report." International Journal of Dentistry Research 6, no. 1 (2021): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/dentistry.2021.6101.

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Mini implants have seen an evolutionary change in the phase of implant placement. The most common use for mini implant is the stabilization of over denture and orthodontic treatments, now they are used in pediatric dentistry for congenitally missing teeth and tooth loss due to trauma. Mini implants as a prosthetic replacement gives a psychological advantage to the child as it provides a feeling of his own teeth. A thirteen year old boy came to the department of pedodontics, KVG dental college, Sullia, with a chief complaint of spacing in the lower front tooth region since 4 years. On radiographic examination absence of 41, 31 were found. On model analysis, space deficiency was found in relation to the lower anterior and he was diagnosed with angle’s class I malocclusion with proclined maxxilary anterior teeth and congenitally missing lower central incisors. The patient’s main concern was on esthetics. Hence the patient was planned for a fixed provisional functional space maintainer using mini implant followed by crown prosthesis. The approach comes up with positive aesthetic and functional results that may reflect on self-esteem and social well-being of children and adolescents.

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FATHIMA, Ayesha S., Ganesh JEEVANANDAN, Prabhadevi C. MAGANUR, Suman PANDA, Ather Syed AHMED, and Satish VISHWANATHAIAH. "Clinical assessment of the abutment teeth of children undergoing space maintainer therapy: A randomised controlled trial." International Arab Journal of Dentistry 15, no. 2 (2024): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.70174/iajd.v15i2.1038.

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Introduction: The band and loop space maintainer are one of the most commonly used fixed space maintainers in children. However, prolonged use of appliances in the oral cavity may lead to changes in gingival health and an increased risk of caries. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the clinical parameters of the abutment teeth, specifically the banded teeth and the tooth to which the loop is extended. Methods: This prospective clinical study included 35 children between the age group of 5 to 9 years. The children were examined at baseline and 6-month follow-up. The abutment teeth were evaluated on bleeding on probing, pocket depth, gingival index, and occurrence of primary/ secondary caries. Results: There was a significant difference in the bleeding on probing, pocket depth, gingival index, and occurrence of primary/ secondary caries (p<0.05). Conclusion: Precautions and thorough knowledge about the consequences of the delivery of appliances can prevent and overcome the causes. Oral health education and constant motivation should be provided to the children on dental hygiene and regular follow-ups to avoid any extensive invasive management.

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V Naik, Saraswathi, Simin Kittur, Basappa Nadig, Sindhushree G. GS, and Amitha M Shagale. "Modified Halterman Appliance for management of ectopically erupting permanent molar: A case report." Contemporary Pediatric Dentistry 4, no. 1 (2023): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51463/cpd.2023.144.

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Ectopic eruption is a disturbance in the eruptive path of a tooth in an abnormal position leading to many local problems, such as premature loss of the second primary molars, space loss, increased prevalence of dental caries, supra-eruption of the opposing molars, a mesial inclination of the permanent maxillary first molars, and class II molar relationship. The present case report describes the management of an ectopically erupting mandibular first molar in an 8-year-old child with a modified Halterman appliance. Halterman appliance was modified by incorporating cross-arch anchorage. Follow-up was carried out at 1 month, 3 months,6 months, and 9 months until distalization of the molar was achieved. Space analysis was carried out and a fixed functional space maintainer was cemented which was followed up at 12 months. According to the present case report, a modified Halterman appliance is an effective appliance in achieving distalization of an ectopically erupting permanent molar in a mixed dentition period. Keywords: Ectopic Eruption; Orthodontic Appliance; Tooth Uprighting

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