Academic literature on the topic 'Union Bank of Lower Canada'
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Journal articles on the topic "Union Bank of Lower Canada"
1
McCulloch, Michael Ernest. "The Defeat of Imperial Urbanism in Québec City, 1840–1855." Articles 22, no. 1 (June 28, 2013): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1016719ar.
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In 1840, the City of Québec regained formal corporate status under an ordinance of the Special Council of Lower Canada. This article argues that the ordinance expressed a particular concept or urbanism. Based on concept of the role of cities developed in Great Britain during the Age of Reform, it sought to create non-partisan municipal structures that would encourage local development and 'improvement' while at the same time ensuring the dominance of the anglophone commercial elites. In this, the ordinance expressed in local terms the grand objectives of Governor Charles Poulett Thomson (Lord Sydenham) for the entire colony. Ultimately, this imperial urbanism was a failure. While the essential structure of municipal governance remained intact until 1855, local issues became immediately entangled in provincial party politics. Major business leaders were replaced by professional and small retailers as the dominant group on the City Council. The very ethos of improvement ensured that the under-financed city government became dwarfed by other agencies, such as the banks, the Gas Company and of course railroads. The case of Québec City in the first years of the Union illustrates the failure of attempts to transplant Utilitarian approaches to state formation into a colonial context.
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Bertie, John E., C. Dale Keefe, and R. Norman Jones. "Infrared intensities of liquids VIII. Accurate baseline correction of transmission spectra of liquids for computation of absolute intensities, and the 1036 cm−1 band of benzene as a potential intensity standard." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 69, no. 11 (November 1, 1991): 1609–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v91-236.
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FT-IR transmission spectra of liquids in well-made and firmly held cells with KBr or NaCl windows are usually very reproducible except that their baselines often show unexpected variations. To obtain absolute absorption intensities from these spectra such baseline differences must be corrected. The problem is illustrated with absorbance spectra of the 1036 cm−1 band of benzene and the absorption index spectra calculated from them via the National Research Council of Canada program 46. Distinction is made between the experimental absorbance spectrum, the ideal experimental absorbance spectrum, and the absorbance spectrum, and a soundly-based method to correct the baselines is presented. We describe a modification of the NRC program 46 that effects the correction and calculates, on a laboratory computer, the complex refractive indices from a transmission spectrum of a liquid.The method is applied to 15 transmission spectra of the 1036 cm−1 band of benzene. It improves the agreement between the 15 peak absorption index values obtained from these spectra from 4% to 2.5%, and improves the agreement between the baseline absorption index values from 5% to 0.01%, all percentages being of the peak value. A table of the average real and imaginary refractive indices and molar absorption coefficients is given. The average peak absorption index value and the area under the band agree closely with those obtained in 1980, and with earlier values from transmission or ATR measurements. These areas are all distinctly lower than those calculated from early measurements of dispersion. These results form the basis for a possible recommendation to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry for a secondary intensity standard. We encourage others to measure this band to help ascertain that systematic errors do not significantly influence our results.To summarise our numerical results at 25 ± 1 °C and 1.0 cm−1 nominal resolution: The average peak absorption index is 0.0710 with a 95% confidence limit of 0.0004, which is within 0.0001 of the less precise value measured in 1980 with a dispersive instrument that was calibrated against a primary intensity standard. The area under the absorption index band between 1095.8 and 912.6 cm−1 is 1.358 cm−1 with a 95% confidence limit of 0.009 cm−1, and that under the molar conductivity band is 3.69 ± 0.03 km/mol. These areas convert to 15.64 ± 0.1 km/mol and 6.79 ± 0.05 km/mol for the more commonly used measures of integrated absorption, the areas under the Naperian and decadic molar absorption coefficients, respectively.Key words: infrared, absorption intensity, optical constants, FT-IR spectroscopy, benzene (liquid), intensity standard.
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Flotho, Stefanie. "FISCAL MULTIPLIERS IN A MONETARY UNION UNDER THE ZERO–LOWER–BOUND CONSTRAINT." Macroeconomic Dynamics 19, no. 6 (March 10, 2014): 1171–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100513000783.
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This paper analyzes government spending multipliers in a two-country model of a monetary union with price stickiness and home bias in consumption where monetary policy is constrained by the zero lower bound (ZLB) on the nominal interest rate. Government spending multipliers under this constraint are computed and compared with fiscal multipliers in normal times, that is, where the central bank sets the nominal interest rate via a Taylor rule. The trade elasticity and the parameter measuring home bias in consumption play an important role in determining the size of the multiplier. The multipliers are not necessarily large under the ZLB constraint. However, compared with the fiscal multipliers when the central bank sets the nominal interest rate according to a Taylor rule, the multipliers under the ZLB are bigger. Moreover, the persistence parameter of the binding ZLB plays a crucial role.
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Lynn, Shane. "Friends of Ireland: early O’Connellism in Lower Canada." Irish Historical Studies 40, no. 157 (May 2016): 43–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2016.6.
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AbstractIn September 1828, societies of the ‘Friends of Ireland’ were founded throughout the United States and British North America for the purpose of raising funds and disseminating propaganda in support of the O’Connellite campaign for Catholic emancipation. In March 1831, the societies were briefly revived to agitate for repeal of the Union. The first Irish diasporic social movement to appear in Britain’s overseas empire, the British North American Friends of Ireland enjoyed greatest support in French-speaking Lower Canada, where for a time sympathetic local patriotes perceived a common cause with their new Irish neighbours. This article explores the transatlantic reciprocal interactions, cross-ethnic alliances and regional distinctions which characterised early O’Connellism in Lower Canada. It follows its initial successes to its virtual collapse in the early 1830s, as an increasingly polarised Lower Canada slid towards rebellion. Comparisons are employed with similar agitation elsewhere in British North America, in the United States, and in Ireland. It is argued that instrumentalist explanations for Irish diasporic nationalism, typically drawn from studies of post-famine Irish-America, do not convincingly account for the appearance and form of O’Connellite nationalism in British North America.
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Gros, Daniel, and Carsten Hefeker. "One Size Must Fit All: National Divergences in a Monetary Union." German Economic Review 3, no. 3 (August 1, 2002): 247–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0475.00059.
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Abstract Should a common central bank in a heterogeneous monetary union base its decisions on EU-wide averages of economic variables or on national welfare losses? A central bank that minimizes the sum of national welfare losses reacts less to common shocks. Under certain parameter constellations this leads to higher average union-wide expected welfare and it might thus be preferable that decision-making is dominated by national representatives. Countries with a transmission mechanism far from the average benefit from an orientation on national welfare losses. For countries with a transmission mechanism close to the average, welfare can be lower in this case.
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BURDEN, E. T. "PALYNOLOGY AND MICROPALEONTOLOGY OF THE CLAM BANK FORMATION (LOWER DEVONIAN) OF WESTERN NEWFOUNDLAND, CANADA." Palynology 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 185–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/0260185.
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Serletis, Apostolos, and Guohua Feng. "SEMI-NONPARAMETRIC ESTIMATES OF CURRENCY SUBSTITUTION BETWEEN THE CANADIAN DOLLAR AND THE U.S. DOLLAR." Macroeconomic Dynamics 14, no. 1 (December 15, 2009): 29–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100509080298.
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In this paper we investigate the issue of whether a floating currency is the right exchange rate regime for Canada or whether Canada should consider a currency union with the United States. In the context of the framework recently proposed by James L. Swofford, we use a semi-nonparametric flexible functional form—the asymptotically ideal model (AIM), introduced by William A. Barnett and A. Jonas—and pay explicit attention to the theoretical regularity conditions of neoclassical microeconomic theory, following the suggestions of William A. Barnett and William A. Barnett and Meenakshi Pasupathy. Our results indicate that U.S. dollar deposits are complements to domestic (Canadian) monetary assets, suggesting that Canada should continue the current exchange rate regime, allowing the exchange rate to float freely with no intervention in the foreign exchange market by the Bank of Canada.
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Kidd, Michael P., and Michael Shannon. "The Gender Wage Gap: A Comparison of Australia and Canada." ILR Review 49, no. 4 (July 1996): 729–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399604900409.
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Using data from the 1989 Canadian Labour Market Activity Survey and, for Australia, the 1989–90 Income Distribution Survey, the authors investigate the reasons for the significantly lower gender wage gap in Australia than in Canada. Key similarities and differences between these two countries, the authors argue, make them a good basis for a “natural experiment” to investigate the effects of different labor market institutions. In particular, Australia has a stronger union movement and a greater degree of centralization in wage determination than Canada, and most of its workers are covered by legally binding minimum working conditions. The authors conclude that several differences between the countries in labor market structure—notably, a lower rate of return to education, a lower rate of return to labor market experience, and a lower level of wage inequality in Australia than in Canada—are largely responsible for the smaller gender wage gap in Australia.
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McCulloch, Michael. "The Death of Whiggery: Lower-Canadian British Constitutionalism and the tentation de l’histoire parallèle." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 2, no. 1 (February 9, 2006): 195–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/031034ar.
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Abstract The Constitutional Act of 1791 was sought to create in Lower Canada a community whose social and political values reflected the basic assumptions of late-eighteenth-century Whiggery. These included representation of interest rather than of individuals, the importance of the "due" weight of property, and the organic nature of the British constitution. These values of "Liberty and Property" constituted the focus of the emotional and cultural image of the British Constitution. For the British Lower Canadians of the 1830s, these values were not fossilised remnants. Rather, they formed a coherent framework that made legitimate their conflict with the French-Canadian majority for control over politics. The influence of organised Constitutionalism did not disappear with the Act of Union of 1841. In the opening years of the union, anglophones identified with the Constitutionalist party which dominated both opposition and government in Canada East. They remained an influence until midcentury. Indeed, the final disintegration of Constitutionalism as a defensible basis for British Lower-Canadian politics was not the result of the inevitable triumph of La Fontaine's Responsible Government. Because they strongly identified, not simply with Britain, but with specific elements of British society, English-speaking Lower Canadians responded to changes in British political society. “La tentation de l'histoire parallèle” ensured that the Irish Repeal agitation and the Free Trade campaign would disrupt the assumption of a united British "interest." After the 1840s, the disproportionate power of British-Canadian élites in Lower Canada was based on their influence among the leaders of political parties rather than a collective identity rooted in the values of ''Whiggery.''
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Martin, Valerie, Céline Le Bourdais, and Évelyne Lapierre-Adamcyk. "Stepfamily instability in Canada – The impact of family composition and union type." Journal of Family Research 23, no. 2 (September 1, 2011): 196–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.20377/jfr-207.
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The aim of this paper is to analyze stepfamily instability in Canada by applying the proportional hazards model to the information collected in the 2001 General Social Survey on Family. More specifically, we examine the effect that the family composition and the type of conjugal union exert on the risk of separation, and test whether the impact of cohabiting union varies over time and between Quebec and the other provinces, depending of its stage of institutionalization. The analysis shows that stepmother families face a lower risk of separation than those formed around a stepfather, and that cohabiting stepfamily couples are more unstable than married ones. The risk of union dissolution among stepfamily couples has increased over time, for married as well as cohabiting partners, but the effect of cohabitation relative to marriage does not appear to significantly differ across periods or regions.
Zusammenfassung
Der vorliegende Artikel untersucht die (In)stabilität von Stieffamilien in Kanada. Die Analysen wurden mit dem General Social Survey (GSS) 2001 unter Anwendung der Ereignisdatenanalyse durchgeführt. Von besonderem Interesse waren der Einfluss der Familienkonstellation und die Art der Partnerschaft auf das Trennungsrisiko. Ferner wurde untersucht, wie sich die (In)stabilität von Stieffamilien über die Zeit entwickelt hat. In der kanadischen Provinz Québec gelten nichteheliche Lebensgemeinschaften bereits als vollständig institutionalisiert. Ein weiterer Aspekt dieser Studie war der Vergleich der Entwicklung der québecer Stieffamilien mit denen im restlichen Kanada über die Zeit. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Stiefmutterfamilien ein geringeres Trennnungsrisiko haben als Stiefvaterfamilien und dass Ehen in Stieffamilien stabiler sind als in nichteheliche Lebensgemeinschaften. Ebenso konnte gezeigt werden, dass für beide Partnerschaftstypen das Trennungsrisiko über die Zeit hinweg stark zugenommen hat.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Union Bank of Lower Canada"
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Henriksson, Daniel, and Anna Ottosson. "Does competition in the EU banking market lead to lower interest margins? : A panel data analysis on how market competition affects banks interest margin across EU countries." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Nationalekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-45817.
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This study analyses the bank market competition and bank interest margins in the European Union member countries banking sector during the period 2007–2019, using panel data analysis and aggregated data for each country ́s banking sector. Our starting point is the theory about market structure and two structural indexes are used as proxies of the degree of market competition. The methodology is based on the model developed by Ho and Saunders (1981), where the bank is viewed as a risk averse dealer amongst borrowers and lenders. This model has later been extended to fit analyses on nationally aggregated levels, which is appropriate in this study. The result show that bank concentration is not statistically significant in explaining variability of interest margin in the EU banking sectors. Instead, the statistically significant determinants of interest margins are more bank specific variables, such as average operating cost and credit risk. Although this study cannot claim economic significance, it provides information that economic policies should be designed to lower average operating cost rather than market competition, in order to lower interest margin.I denna studie analyserar vi konkurrensen på bankmarknaden och bankernas räntemarginaler i Europeiska unionens medlemsländers banksektor under perioden 2007–2019, genom paneldataanalys och aggregerad data för varje lands banksektor. Vår utgångspunkt är teorin om marknadsstruktur och vi använder två strukturella mått för att mäta konkurrens på marknaden. Metoden är baserad på den modell som Ho and Saunders (1981) utformade, där banken ses som en riskavert förmedlare mellan låntagare och långivare. Modellen har sedan utökats till att lämpa sig för analyser på en nationellt aggregerad nivå, vilket är passande för denna studie. Resultatet visar att konkurrens på bankmarknaden inte på ett statistiskt signifikant sätt förklarar variabilitet i räntemarginalen. Istället visar resultatet att de statistiskt signifikanta faktorerna för räntemarginalen är mer bankspecifika variabler, såsom genomsnittlig operationell kostnad och kreditrisk. Trots att denna studie inte kan påvisa ekonomisk signifikans, ger den information om att ekonomiska policys bör utformas för att sänka den genomsnittliga operationella kostnaden snarare än att öka marknadskonkurrens, för att minska räntemarginalen.
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Delbrouck, Loralee Yanya Athena. "Beyond banking:the potential for credit union participation in community economic development." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5248.
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Many communities in Canada are experiencing high levels of unemployment, poverty,
social breakdown and environmental degradation. In an effort to address these problems,
individuals, community groups and all levels of government, are experimenting with an
approach to development called community economic development (CED). CED is a
grassroots, bottom-up process that focuses on the creation of stable, viable, and equitable
local economies. In trying to implement CED strategies, communities and individuals face
many obstacles, one of the most significant of which is a lack of capital. Credit unions are
locally-owned and controlled co-operative financial institutions with access to significant
pools of “local” capital and therefore logical places for communities to turn. This thesis
explores ways these institutions can support community economic development in their
communities.
An examination of the literature and interviews with credit union leaders and CED
practitioners, demonstrate that most credit unions are not involved in CED lending. Nor are
they particularly committed to CED ideals. This being said, however, the research shows
that there are a few credit unions, in both Canada and the United States, that do participate
in CED. These credit unions--some with a holistic commitment to CED, others with a
partial commitment--support CED in a variety of ways, only one of which is through
financing. In addition to providing access to capital, these credit unions fulfil other support
functions such as providing technical assistance, building “community” and supporting
community infrastructure development.
Credit unions that participate in CED are not typical of the credit union movement.
Most credit unions do not play a role in supporting community economic development in
their communities. The study found that there are significant barriers to their participation in
CED, barriers such as a lack of vision, the nature of CED lending, and competition from
private financial institutions. In order for credit unions to participate in CED, these barriers
must be removed. Ways to reduce some of the barriers are explored in the thesis. The
research shows that in order to be able to participate in CED, credit unions require: a
committed leadership, staff with community development expertise, new deposits of capital, a
means of subsidizing the costs of CED lending, and institutional mechanisms that reduce risk
as well as government support. Ways for credit unions to fulfil these needs are outlined.
Lastly, research findings are summarized and conclusions are drawn about the role individual
credit unions can play in CED. The kinds of initiatives credit union centrals, governments
and planners can adopt to support credit unions in this work also explored.
Books on the topic "Union Bank of Lower Canada"
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Union Bank of Lower Canada. List of shareholders of the Union Bank of Lower Canada on the 30th June, 1880. [Quebec?: s.n.], 1987.
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Union Bank of Lower Canada. List of shareholders of the Union Bank of Lower Canada on the 30th June, 1876. Quebec: [s.n.], 1987.
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Assembly, Canada Legislature Legislative. Bill: An act to amend chapter 75 of the Consolidated statutes for Lower Canada, concerning the division of Lower Canada into counties. Quebec: Hunter, Rose & Lemieux, 2003.
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Assembly, Canada Legislature Legislative. Bill: An act to amend chapter 75 of the Consolidated statutes for Lower Canada, concerning the division of Lower Canada into counties. Quebec: Hunter, Rose & Lemieux, 2002.
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Assembly, Canada Legislature Legislative. Bill: An act to amend the Lower Canada game act. Quebec: Thompson, 2002.
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Assembly, Canada Legislature Legislative. Bill: An act respecting the Consolidated statutes for Lower Canada. Quebec: Thompson, 2003.
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Assembly, Canada Legislature Legislative. Bill: An act to amend the Lower Canada consolidated municipal act. Quebec: Hunter, Rose & Lemieux, 2003.
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Assembly, Canada Legislature Legislative. Bill: An act to incorporate the land surveyors of Lower Canada. Toronto: J. Lovell, 2003.
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Assembly, Canada Legislature Legislative. Bill: An act concerning the administration of justice in Lower Canada. [Québec]: S. Derbishire & G. Desbarats, 2003.
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Assembly, Canada Legislature Legislative. Bill: An act to amend the Lower Canada consolidated municipal act. Quebec: Hunter, Rose & Lemieux, 2003.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Union Bank of Lower Canada"
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"2. The Bank of Upper Canada and the Economy of Debt." In 'Union is Strength'. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442689558-004.
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Luisa Feline, Freier, Karageorgiou Eleni, and Ogg Kate. "Part IV Access to Protection and International Responsibility-Sharing, Ch.28 The Evolution of Safe Third Country Law and Practice." In The Oxford Handbook of International Refugee Law. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198848639.003.0029.
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This chapter details how States and regions use safe third country (STC) practices to deny protection to asylum seekers and refugees on the grounds that they have, or may have, protection in another country. The STC notion originated in Switzerland in 1979, spread throughout Europe in the 1980s, and was adopted by the European Union and countries such as Australia and Canada in the 1990s. Since then, developments in STC law and practice globally include new bilateral agreements, reforms to STC provisions in domestic and supranational legislation, and landmark decisions of superior courts. The chapter studies these changes in Europe, Australia, and North and South America, focusing in particular on the period from 2010 to 2020. It argues that there has been a dilution of STC protection standards in these four regions. The thresholds for effective protection have diminished and are lower than the minimum laid down in international treaties. Moreover, in the introduction and evolution of these STC practices, lawmakers and judges have disregarded the legal principle of international solidarity. While STC practices have long been critiqued as burden-shifting rather than -sharing, new STC law and jurisprudence exacerbates inequities between States with respect to responsibility for hosting refugees.
Conference papers on the topic "Union Bank of Lower Canada"
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Honegger, Douglas G., Mujib Rahman, Humberto Puebla, Dharma Wijewickreme, and Anthony Augello. "Definition of Lateral Spread Displacement for Regional Risk Assessments of Pipeline Vulnerability." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31354.
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Terasen Gas Inc. (Terasen) operates a natural gas supply and distribution system situated within one of the zones of the highest seismic activity in Canada. The region encompasses significant areas underlain by marine, deltaic, and alluvial soil deposits, some of which are considered to be susceptible to liquefaction and large ground movements when subjected to earthquake ground shaking. Terasen undertook an assessment of seismic risks to its transmission and key intermediate pressure pipelines in the Lower Mainland in 1994 [1]. The seismic assessment focused on approximately 500 km of steel pipelines ranging from NPS 8 to NPS 42 and operating at pressures from 1900 to 4020 kPa. The 1994 risk assessment provided the basis for detailed site-specific assessment and seismic upgrade programs to retrofit its existing system to reduce risks to acceptable levels. While the general approach undertaken in 1994 remains technically sound, advancements have been made over the past 15 years in the understanding of earthquake hazards and their impact on pipelines. In particular, estimates of the earthquake ground shaking hazard in British Columbia as published by Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) have recently been updated and incorporated into the 2005 National Building Code of Canada (NBCC). In addition, empirical methods of estimating lateral spread ground displacements have been improved as new case-history information has become available. Given these changes, Terasen decided in 2009 to reexamine the seismic risk to Terasen’s pipelines. The scope of the updated seismic risk study was expanded over that in 1994 to include pipelines on Vancouver Island and the Interior of British Columbia. For regional assessments, estimates of lateral spread displacements are necessarily based upon empirical formulations that relate displacement to variables of earthquake severity (earthquake magnitude and distance), susceptibility to liquefaction (density, grain size, fines content), and topography (distance from a river bank or ground slope). Implementing empirical formulae with the results of probabilistic seismic hazard calculations is complicated by the fact that the empirical approach requires earthquake magnitude and distance, as a parametric couple, to be related to the ground shaking severity. However, but such a relationship does not exist in the estimates of mean or modal earthquake magnitude and distance disaggregated from a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. This paper presents an overview of the approach to regional risk assessment undertaken by Terasen and discusses the unique approach adopted for determining lateral spread displacements consistent with the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis.
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MAMAI, Oksana, and Igor MAMAI. "OPTIMIZATION OF THE MANAGEMENT MECHANISM FOR THE INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION’S AGRICULTURAL SECTOR." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.054.
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The current trends in the development of innovative activities in Russia are far from fully meeting the expectations associated with improving the competitiveness of products and the quality of life of the population, with the provision of dynamic sustainable growth, and the formation of the innovative economy. The mixed nature of the Russian economy, the fundamentally different technological level and institutional conditions for the development of various sectors exclude the possibility of defining a single model of innovative development that is universal for all sectors. In the current conditions, the technical and technological level of the agrarian sector of the country's economy is the most catastrophically lagging behind the world's leading producers of agricultural products. Domestic agrarian production is 5 times more energy intensive and 4 times more metal consuming, and labor productivity is 8-10 times lower than in the USA, in the leading countries of the European Union and Canada. Not having eliminated this techno-technological backlog, without implementing the advanced development of certain specific areas of scientific research and technological developments in the field of agriculture, Russia's agrarian sector will finally lose its competitiveness and will not be able to ensure the country's food security. Thus, the need for a scientific justification of the theory, methodology and practice of the innovative development management of the agrarian sector of the regional economy in the context of large-scale economic and institutional transformations determines the urgency of the issue. Currently, most of the works of domestic researchers put emphasis on the problems of knowledge transfer, at the same time, the methodology for creating and commercializing competitive scientific knowledge through the formation of innovative agricultural clusters is beyond the scope of scientific research, and its management and economic mechanism has not been developed yet. Thus, the aim of this research is to develop proposals for optimization of the management mechanism for the innovative development of the region's agricultural sector (by the example of the Samara Region of the Russian Federation). The research used a set of methods of scientific knowledge used at both theoretical and empirical levels (conceptual modeling, synthesis and analysis, tabular and graphical interpretation of theoretical information and empirical data).