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Journal articles on the topic 'Union Bank of Lower Canada'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2025

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1

Jiang, Yali, and Jingjing Wang. "The Registration Situation and Use of Mycopesticides in the World." Journal of Fungi 9, no. 9 (2023): 940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9090940.

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Mycopesticides are living preparations that use fungal cells, such as spores and hyphae, as active ingredients. They mainly include mycoinsecticides, mycofungicides, mycoherbicides and nematophagous fungi. The utilization of fungi for controlling agricultural pests can be traced back to approximately 1880, when entomopathogenic fungi were initially employed for this purpose. However, it was not until 1965 that the world’s first mycopesticide, Beauveria bassiana, was registered as Boverin® in the former Soviet Union. In past decades, numerous novel mycopesticides have been developed for their l

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McCulloch, Michael Ernest. "The Defeat of Imperial Urbanism in Québec City, 1840–1855." Articles 22, no. 1 (2013): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1016719ar.

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In 1840, the City of Québec regained formal corporate status under an ordinance of the Special Council of Lower Canada. This article argues that the ordinance expressed a particular concept or urbanism. Based on concept of the role of cities developed in Great Britain during the Age of Reform, it sought to create non-partisan municipal structures that would encourage local development and 'improvement' while at the same time ensuring the dominance of the anglophone commercial elites. In this, the ordinance expressed in local terms the grand objectives of Governor Charles Poulett Thomson (Lord

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Bertie, John E., C. Dale Keefe, and R. Norman Jones. "Infrared intensities of liquids VIII. Accurate baseline correction of transmission spectra of liquids for computation of absolute intensities, and the 1036 cm−1 band of benzene as a potential intensity standard." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 69, no. 11 (1991): 1609–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v91-236.

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FT-IR transmission spectra of liquids in well-made and firmly held cells with KBr or NaCl windows are usually very reproducible except that their baselines often show unexpected variations. To obtain absolute absorption intensities from these spectra such baseline differences must be corrected. The problem is illustrated with absorbance spectra of the 1036 cm−1 band of benzene and the absorption index spectra calculated from them via the National Research Council of Canada program 46. Distinction is made between the experimental absorbance spectrum, the ideal experimental absorbance spectrum,

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Sri, Dr K. Swapna, and Kottana Pallavi. "Non-Performing Assets: A Comparative Study of Union Bank and ICICI Bank." International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science 11, no. 4 (2025): 020–25. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijaems.114.3.

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This study compares Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) of Union Bank of India and ICICI Bank from 2013 to 2023. It analyzes trends, causes, and the impact of NPAs on profitability using data from annual reports, RBI sources, and financial databases. Tools like trend and ratio analysis, along with correlation analysis, were applied. Results show Union Bank had higher NPAs than ICICI Bank, affecting profitability negatively. ICICI’s stronger credit evaluation and recovery systems helped maintain lower NPAs. The study highlights the need for improved risk management and digital tools in public sector b

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Miller, Kenneth. "Union Exclusivity Arrangements: A Comparative Overview." International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 16, Issue 4 (2000): 387–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/321109.

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The purpose of this article is to compare the new British trade union recognition procedures with those of Canada and the United States. The article considers how the new legal framework in Britain affects the collective bargaining process and contrasts this with North American arrangements. It is argued that the British legal position involves a much lower level of interference with the administration of collective agreements and a much higher level of autonomy and independence given to workers to negotiate their own terms and conditions of employment than is the case in Canada or the United

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Serletis, Apostolos, and Guohua Feng. "SEMI-NONPARAMETRIC ESTIMATES OF CURRENCY SUBSTITUTION BETWEEN THE CANADIAN DOLLAR AND THE U.S. DOLLAR." Macroeconomic Dynamics 14, no. 1 (2009): 29–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100509080298.

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In this paper we investigate the issue of whether a floating currency is the right exchange rate regime for Canada or whether Canada should consider a currency union with the United States. In the context of the framework recently proposed by James L. Swofford, we use a semi-nonparametric flexible functional form—the asymptotically ideal model (AIM), introduced by William A. Barnett and A. Jonas—and pay explicit attention to the theoretical regularity conditions of neoclassical microeconomic theory, following the suggestions of William A. Barnett and William A. Barnett and Meenakshi Pasupathy.

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SANTILLAN, Roberto J. "Monetary union, banks strategies, and the future of finance in North America." Management international 8, no. 1 (2003): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.59876/a-6k87-d6ja.

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This report presents the views of top executives from the Bank of Montreal, Citibank (Mexico), and JP Morgan Chase (Canada) on the desirability of Monetary Union for NAFTA countries. In contrast with most published articles on the effects of monetary integration, the panelists expressed personal views and very authentic personal positions. The panelists' presentations and follow-up discussions made clear that monetary integration is just one of many aspects that need to be addressed in an increasingly integrated economic area where significant gaps abound and major structural changes are requi

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Flotho, Stefanie. "FISCAL MULTIPLIERS IN A MONETARY UNION UNDER THE ZERO–LOWER–BOUND CONSTRAINT." Macroeconomic Dynamics 19, no. 6 (2014): 1171–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100513000783.

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This paper analyzes government spending multipliers in a two-country model of a monetary union with price stickiness and home bias in consumption where monetary policy is constrained by the zero lower bound (ZLB) on the nominal interest rate. Government spending multipliers under this constraint are computed and compared with fiscal multipliers in normal times, that is, where the central bank sets the nominal interest rate via a Taylor rule. The trade elasticity and the parameter measuring home bias in consumption play an important role in determining the size of the multiplier. The multiplier

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Gros, Daniel, and Carsten Hefeker. "One Size Must Fit All: National Divergences in a Monetary Union." German Economic Review 3, no. 3 (2002): 247–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0475.00059.

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Abstract Should a common central bank in a heterogeneous monetary union base its decisions on EU-wide averages of economic variables or on national welfare losses? A central bank that minimizes the sum of national welfare losses reacts less to common shocks. Under certain parameter constellations this leads to higher average union-wide expected welfare and it might thus be preferable that decision-making is dominated by national representatives. Countries with a transmission mechanism far from the average benefit from an orientation on national welfare losses. For countries with a transmission

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10

Lynn, Shane. "Friends of Ireland: early O’Connellism in Lower Canada." Irish Historical Studies 40, no. 157 (2016): 43–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2016.6.

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AbstractIn September 1828, societies of the ‘Friends of Ireland’ were founded throughout the United States and British North America for the purpose of raising funds and disseminating propaganda in support of the O’Connellite campaign for Catholic emancipation. In March 1831, the societies were briefly revived to agitate for repeal of the Union. The first Irish diasporic social movement to appear in Britain’s overseas empire, the British North American Friends of Ireland enjoyed greatest support in French-speaking Lower Canada, where for a time sympathetic local patriotes perceived a common ca

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Kidd, Michael P., and Michael Shannon. "The Gender Wage Gap: A Comparison of Australia and Canada." ILR Review 49, no. 4 (1996): 729–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399604900409.

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Using data from the 1989 Canadian Labour Market Activity Survey and, for Australia, the 1989–90 Income Distribution Survey, the authors investigate the reasons for the significantly lower gender wage gap in Australia than in Canada. Key similarities and differences between these two countries, the authors argue, make them a good basis for a “natural experiment” to investigate the effects of different labor market institutions. In particular, Australia has a stronger union movement and a greater degree of centralization in wage determination than Canada, and most of its workers are covered by l

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12

McAleese, Owen, and Martin V. Day. "Some psychological determinants of broad union attitudes." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 10, no. 2 (2022): 588–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.9659.

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Many societies are grappling with how to reduce high levels of economic inequality. Although often overlooked, labor unions can have significant flattening effects on inequality. However, unions are not highly supported by the general public. To provide some psychological explanation as to why this may be the case, we examined five potential predictors of general union attitudes (i.e., political orientation, prejudice toward union members, meritocratic beliefs, union knowledge and social mobility beliefs). We tested each variable at least twice across three studies (two in the U.S., one in Can

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McCulloch, Michael. "The Death of Whiggery: Lower-Canadian British Constitutionalism and the tentation de l’histoire parallèle." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 2, no. 1 (2006): 195–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/031034ar.

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Abstract The Constitutional Act of 1791 was sought to create in Lower Canada a community whose social and political values reflected the basic assumptions of late-eighteenth-century Whiggery. These included representation of interest rather than of individuals, the importance of the "due" weight of property, and the organic nature of the British constitution. These values of "Liberty and Property" constituted the focus of the emotional and cultural image of the British Constitution. For the British Lower Canadians of the 1830s, these values were not fossilised remnants. Rather, they formed a c

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BURDEN, E. T. "PALYNOLOGY AND MICROPALEONTOLOGY OF THE CLAM BANK FORMATION (LOWER DEVONIAN) OF WESTERN NEWFOUNDLAND, CANADA." Palynology 26, no. 1 (2002): 185–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/0260185.

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15

Buckner, Phillip. "The Canadian Civil Wars of 1837–1838." London Journal of Canadian Studies 35, no. 1 (2020): 96–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.14324/111.444.ljcs.2020v35.005.

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Canadian historians have traditionally stressed that the rebellions of 1837 and 1838 in Upper and Lower Canada were revolts against British imperial authority. Less stressed has been the fact that the rebellions were also civil wars and that British troops were aided by substantial numbers of loyalists in defeating the rebels. In recent years historians have tended to downplay the importance of French-Canadian nationalism, but by 1837–8 the rebellion in Lower Canada was essentially a struggle between French-Canadian nationalists and a broadly-based coalition of loyalists in Lower Canada. Outsi

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Ahmad, Hisham Abu-Taleb, and Mohammad Shehada Prof. "Job Stress and its Impact on Employees Commitment at the Bank of Jordan." International Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research 09, no. 05 (2020): 32–42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4933367.

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<em>This research was conducted to measure the impact of job stress on the employees’ commitment at the Bank of Jordan, located in the capital Amman. 110 employees were selected to answer the questionnaire statements by using a random sampling technique. Job Stress questionnaire was designed by the union of “Unite the Union”, and employees’ Commitment was measured by using a structured questionnaire. Results showed that there are a significant negative relationships between job related stress and employees’ commitment (r = -.689, significant at the 0.01 level) and

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R, Ashwath, and Sachindra G R. "Analyzing Financial Stability and Performance of Indian Banks through Capital Adequacy and Debt-equity Ratios: A Comprehensive Statistical Analysis." Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting 25, no. 4 (2025): 383–93. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajeba/2025/v25i41756.

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Aims: This study analyzes the financial stability of selected Indian banks using Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) and Debt-Equity Ratio (DER) over five financial years (2019-2024). Study Design: This study applied statistical techniques, including descriptive statistics for measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) and dispersion (standard deviation, variance) for the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) and Debt-Equity Ratio (DER). Line charts were created to visualize trends. For hypothesis testing, ANOVA was conducted to compare the mean CAR and DER across different banks, with Bonferroni tests

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Simard, Marie-Josée, Sébastien Rouane, and Gilles D. Leroux. "Herbicide Rate, Glyphosate/Glufosinate Sequence and Corn/Soybean Rotation Effects on Weed Seed Banks." Weed Science 59, no. 3 (2011): 398–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-10-00162.1.

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The effect of herbicide rates on weed control and crop yield is the subject of countless and ongoing research projects. Weed seed banks receive very little attention in comparison. The seed bank resulting from 3 yr (2006 to 2008) of single herbicide rates in a cropping system where glyphosate/glufosinate and corn/soybean were rotated or not was evaluated in a field located in St-Augustin-de-Desmaures, Québec, Canada. Field plots under conventional tillage were seeded in corn every year, or corn and soybean (1 yr). These plots received the same herbicide every year or various glyphosate/glufosi

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Dumitru, Ionuţ, and Ionela Dumitru. "Are Firms from European Union Financially-Stressed Countries More Credit Constrained?" Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 18, no. 1 (2024): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2024-0010.

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Abstract Using a large microdata database from the European Commission and European Central Bank survey (Survey on Access to Finance of Enterprises), we investigate in this paper what factors are playing a significant role in explaining why companies from European Union are credit constrained, and if the firms from financially stressed countries are more credit constrained. We found that smaller companies are more likely to be more credit constrained than larger companies in all our estimated models. The impact of the age of the firm on credit access is found to be mixed. A positive performanc

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Căpraru, Bogdan, Iulian Ihnatov, and Nicoleta-Livia Pintilie. "Bank competition and risk-taking in the European Union: Evidence of a non-linear relationship." Ekonomski anali 66, no. 230 (2021): 35–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka2130035c.

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This paper assesses the impact of bank specialisation and business models on the relationship between competition and risk. We tested the non-linear relationship between bank competition and risk on an extensive sample of 5,119 European banks active during 2000-2018, using system GMM. The results confirmed the nonlinear relationship between competition and risk-taking. Cooperatives are better protected against liquidity risks and are more stable. Well-diversified banking entities take more risks than their counterparts, whereas larger institutions have a lower risk appetite and a higher exposu

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O'Donovan, John T., K. Neil Harker, T. Kelly Turkington, and George W. Clayton. "Combining Cultural Practices with Herbicides Reduces Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Seed in the Soil Seed Bank and Improves Barley Yield." Weed Science 61, no. 2 (2013): 328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-12-00168.1.

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A study was initiated in 2001at four locations in western Canada to investigate an integrated approach to managing wild oat, the region's worst weed. The study examined the effects of combining semidwarf or tall barley cultivars with normal or twice-normal barley seeding rates in either continuous barley or a barley–canola–barley–field pea–barley rotation. Herbicides were applied at 25, 50, and 100% of recommended rates. The first phase of the study was completed in 2005. This paper reports on the second phase, which was continued for four more years at two of the locations, Beaverlodge and Fo

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Martin, Valerie, Céline Le Bourdais, and Évelyne Lapierre-Adamcyk. "Stepfamily instability in Canada – The impact of family composition and union type." Journal of Family Research 23, no. 2 (2011): 196–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.20377/jfr-207.

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The aim of this paper is to analyze stepfamily instability in Canada by applying the proportional hazards model to the information collected in the 2001 General Social Survey on Family. More specifically, we examine the effect that the family composition and the type of conjugal union exert on the risk of separation, and test whether the impact of cohabiting union varies over time and between Quebec and the other provinces, depending of its stage of institutionalization. The analysis shows that stepmother families face a lower risk of separation than those formed around a stepfather, and that

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Smith, Mary Elizabeth. "On the Margins: Eastern Canadian Theatre as Post-colonialist Discourse." Theatre Research International 21, no. 1 (1996): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883300012694.

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Canada became a country in 1867 through the Confederation of the two small eastern (Maritime) colonies of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick with the larger, more inland colonies of Upper and Lower Canada (Ontario and Quebec). Yet the flag remained the British Union Jack and the constitution resided in London. Canada's own flag was raised only in 1965, and the constitution repatriated only in 1982, both events accompanied by considerable controversy within the nation. The political controversy then (and now) reflects a constantly ambivalent attitude of Canadians towards the relationship between ide

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Mafrolla, Elisabetta, and Viola Nobili. "Discretionary Accruals in Italian Private Firms and Non-Linear Bank Loan Granting." FINANCIAL REPORTING, no. 1 (June 2017): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/fr2017-001004.

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This paper investigates whether and at what extent private firms reduce the quality of their accruals in order to signal a better portrait to the bank and obtain new or larger bank loans. We measure earnings discretionary accruals of a sample of Italian private firms, testing whether new and larger bank loans are associated with a higher (lower) quality of earnings in borrowers' financial reporting. We study bank loan levels and changes and how they impact discretionary accruals and found that, surprisingly, private firms' discretionary accruals are systematically positively affected by an inc

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Dexter, Jody E., Amit J. Jhala, Rong-Cai Yang, Melissa J. Hills, Randall J. Weselake, and Linda M. Hall. "Harvest Loss and Seed Bank Longevity of Flax (Linum usitatissimum) Implications for Seed-Mediated Gene Flow." Weed Science 59, no. 1 (2011): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-10-00047.1.

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Flax is a minor oilseed crop in Canada largely exported to the European Union for use as a source of industrial oil and feed ingredient. While flax could be genetically engineered (GE) to enhance nutritional value, the adoption of transgenic technologies threatens conventional flax market acceptability. Harvest seed loss of GE crops and the persistence of GE crop volunteers in the seed bank are major factors influencing transgene persistence. Ten commercial fields in Alberta, Canada, were sampled after harvesting conventional flax in 2006 and 2007, and flax seed density and viability were dete

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Nurrahmawati, Bela, and Deni Kusumawardani. "THE EFFECT OF DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE ON CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) EMISSIONS: TOP EMITTERS CASE STUDY." Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Terapan 6, no. 1 (2021): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jiet.v6i1.26397.

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This study aims to analyze how the demographic structure affects carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Top Emitters, namely China, the United States, the European Union (EU-28), India, Indonesia, Russia, Brazil, Japan, Canada, and Mexico. This study uses panel data from ten countries stated in Top Emitters for the period 2000-2014 sourced from the World Resource Institute, World Bank and UNESCO Institute for Statistics. This study uses the Panel Data Regression method with the best model chosen is the Random Effect Model (REM) and four demographic structure variables, namely the dependency ratio,

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Locke, Devon. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FOREIGN OWNERSHIP AND BANK RISK-TAKING: A NEW EVIDENCE FROM CANADA." Economics, Finance and Management Review, no. 1(21) (March 31, 2025): 74–84. https://doi.org/10.36690/2674-5208-2025-1-74-84.

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This study investigates the dynamic relationship between foreign ownership and bank risk-taking within the Canadian banking sector. The purpose of the research is to assess whether increased foreign participation in bank equity has a stabilizing or destabilizing effect on institutional risk levels. Given the progressive liberalization of ownership structures in Canada's banking industry, the study provides a timely analysis of how international capital affects risk behavior in a mature financial environment. The central aim is to explore whether foreign stakeholders act as risk-mitigators or r

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Kabanov, P. B., and S. A. Gouwy. "The type section of the Canol Formation (Devonian black shale) at Powell Creek: Critical assessment and correlation in the northern Cordillera, NWT, Canada." Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology 68, no. 4 (2020): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35767/gscpgbull.68.4.123.

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Abstract The Canol Formation is only 24.5 m thick at its historic type section at Powell Creek, northern Mackenzie Mountains, whereas in the off-bank sections of the Mackenzie Plain subsurface, where it is considered a high-quality shale hydrocarbon prospect, it thickens to 60–120 m. This paper reviews available lithological and conodont biostratigraphic information from the type section, discusses choices of contacts and subdivisions, and explores the limits of regional correlation using gamma spectrometry proxies. We position the base of the Canol Formation at the top of the lower resistant

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Wang, Hang, and Yunhui Zhang. "Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Phthalates in China: A Disease Burden and Cost Analysis." Toxics 10, no. 12 (2022): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10120766.

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Increasing evidence indicates that endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) cause a variety of adverse health outcomes and contribute to substantial disease burden. This study summarized the exposure status of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and phthalates (PAEs) in China and evaluated the disease burden attributable to PBDEs and PAEs in 2015. The results showed that PBDE and PAE concentrations were higher in coastal areas. The disease burden attributable to PBDEs was 0.77 million cases, and the economic costs were CNY 18.92 billion. Meanwhile, 3.02 million individuals suffered from diseas

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Hartman, Joseph H. "Biochronology of uppermost Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary nonmarine Mollusca of the northern Great Plains, U.S.A. and Canada." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200006833.

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The biochronologic use of nonmarine mollusks commenced in the northern Great Plains with the pioneering studies of F.B. Meek and F.V. Hayden in the 1850s and ‘60s. Their research focused on the chronostratigraphic organization of nonmarine and marine strata and included the naming of the Fort Union Group, which represents the Paleocene throughout the northern plains. Current research has focused on ascertaining the biostratigraphic distribution of nonmarine taxa throughout the post-Fox Hills Formation sections in the northern Great Plains, specifically in the Williston (WB: North Dakota, Monta

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Malits, Julia, Mrudula Naidu, and Leonardo Trasande. "Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Canada: Population-Based Estimates of Disease Burden and Economic Costs." Toxics 10, no. 3 (2022): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10030146.

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Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) contributes to substantial disease burden worldwide. We aim to quantify the disease burden and costs of EDC exposure in Canada and to compare these results with previously published findings in the European Union (EU) and United States (US). EDC biomonitoring data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007–2011) was applied to 15 exposure–response relationships, and population and cost estimates were based on the 2010 general Canadian population. EDC exposure in Canada (CAD 24.6 billion) resulted in substantially lower costs than the US (US

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Wildish, D. J., A. J. Wilson, and B. Frost. "Benthic Macrofaunal Production of Browns Bank, Northwest Atlantic." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46, no. 4 (1989): 584–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f89-075.

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Benthic macrofauna of the coarse sediments of Browns Bank, off southwest Nova Scotia, Canada were sampled with a modified 0.5-m2 Van Veen grab; 29 stations from 1983 to 1985. Production was estimated from alcohol-stored biomass by multiplying by the annual turnover ratio, P:B, of each species. The latter was determined from an empirically derived relationship using known or estimated lifespans. Benthic macrofaunal production averaged 64 g wet weight∙m−2∙yr−1 on Browns Bank, markedly lower than the 193 g wet weight∙m−2∙yr−1 in the mixed and finer sediments of the Bay of Fundy. Other community c

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Navarro, Vicente, and John Schmitt. "Economic Efficiency versus Social Equality? The U.S. Liberal Model versus the European Social Model." International Journal of Health Services 35, no. 4 (2005): 613–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/6ljj-hl7h-gf0x-66rc.

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This article begins by challenging the widely held view in neoliberal discourse that there is a necessary trade-off between higher efficiency and lower reduction of inequalities: the article empirically shows that the liberal, U.S. model has been less efficient economically (slower economic growth, higher unemployment) than the social model in existence in the European Union and in the majority of its member states. Based on the data presented, the authors criticize the adoption of features of the liberal model (such as deregulation of their labor markets, reduction of public social expenditur

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Pappas, Anastasios, and Nikolaos Boukas. "Examining Impact of Inflation and Inflation Volatility on Economic Growth: Evidence from European Union Economies." Economies 13, no. 2 (2025): 31. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies13020031.

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Examining the economies of the European Union from 2000 to 2023, we have found no strong evidence that the inflation rate has a negative impact on economic growth. In contrast, in line with conventional economic theory, higher interest rates are associated with lower economic growth. The results remain consistent even after controlling for various control variables, non-linearities and endogeneity issues. These findings suggest that an aggressive tightening of monetary policy in the euro area, aimed at rapidly bringing inflation under control, could actually be detrimental to economic growth.

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Zharikov, М. V. "The Implementation Model of a Consensual Refnancing Rate for the BRICS Countries." Finance: Theory and Practice 23, no. 1 (2019): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2019-23-1-66-78.

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The relevance of the research subject is due to the fact that countries look for adaptive approaches to the turbulence of the international monetary system (IMS). The approaches of the BRICS countries to the IMS transformation have been fully studied in the economic literature. However, there are no researches on foundation of an advanced central bank as an alternative supranational monetary institution in the new international fnancial architecture. The article objective is to develop a mechanism for setting up the refnancing rate for the BRICS countries in case of the integration hypothesis

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Kozera, Agnieszka, Romana Głowicka-Wołoszyn, and Feliks Wysocki. "The financial independence of rural gminas in the Wielkopolskie voivodship." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 61, no. 2 (2016): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0916.

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Financial independence is an important factor in socio-economic development, especially in rural areas. Rural gminas (communities), mainly located peripherally to larger urban centers, have significantly lower revenue potential. This also means a lower level of financial independence of rural gminas, which in turn can be a barrier in multifunctional rural development. This issue is a priority for the European Union. The main objective of this article is a synthetic assessment of the level of financial independence of rural gminas in the Wielkopolskie voivodship in 2013. The basis of informatio

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La Cava, Alberto, and Mary Kate Naatus. "Disrupting Business as Usual." International Journal of Innovation in the Digital Economy 11, no. 2 (2020): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijide.2020040104.

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This article analyzes the research on cryptocurrency and blockchain technology and the alternate banking system, led by giants like Bitcoin and Ethereum, and its potential utility for the millions of migrants living in working around the globe, who send nearly half a trillion dollars through various formal and informal channels to family and friends in their home countries. While research on migrant remittances is well established and has been examined from many different lenses, including economic, political, financial, sociological and entrepreneurial, there are few studies to date that exam

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Aksoy, Lerzan, Timothy L. Keiningham, Alexander Buoye, and Joan Ball. "Linking satisfaction to credit card decisions: an application of the Wallet Allocation Rule." International Journal of Bank Marketing 35, no. 2 (2017): 205–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-02-2016-0019.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the key drivers of share of wallet for credit cards issued by either a credit union (CU) or bank using a Wallet Allocation Rule (WAR) framework. Design/methodology/approach A survey approach engaging 1,649 current CU members at nine CUs regarding their use of 3,487 different credit cards is employed. Binary logistic regression is used to discriminate when CU issued vs bank issued credit cards are perceived to be “best” by their owners. Findings This research indicates the key drivers differ significantly when CU members prefer a CU-issued credit

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Guo, Hanwen, Haiyun Xu, Jianguo Liu, et al. "Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Process of Landfill Disposal in China." Energies 15, no. 18 (2022): 6711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15186711.

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Quantitative accounting of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has become an important global focus. GHG emissions from the waste sector have high potential in GHG emissions reduction. We analyzed the GHG emissions inventory in the waste sector of the European Union, Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States of America, and Canada from 1990 to 2019. Landfill disposal was the main category of GHGs from the waste sector, with a contribution rate between 69% and 95%. Landfill disposal also played a prominent role in emission reduction, with a contribution rate higher than 86%. GHG emissions from

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Urrutia, Deborah, Elisa Manetti, Megan Williamson, and Emeline Lequy. "Overview of Canada’s Answer to the COVID-19 Pandemic’s First Wave (January–April 2020)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (2021): 7131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137131.

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Canada is a federal state of almost 38 million inhabitants distributed over ten provinces and three territories, each with their own power regarding health. This case study describes the health infrastructures’ situation before the COVID-19 outbreak and their adaptations to face the expected cases, the available epidemiologic data for the beginning of the first wave (January–April 2020), and the public health and economic measures taken to control the pandemic both at the federal level and breaking down by province and territory. Canadian health infrastructures offered on average 12.9 intensiv

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ROBICHAUD, YVES, JEAN-CHARLES CACHON, and EGBERT McGRAW. "GENDER DIFFERENCES IN VENTURE FINANCING: A STUDY AMONG CANADIAN AND US ENTREPRENEURS." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 24, no. 03 (2019): 1950014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946719500146.

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Entrepreneurship contributes significantly to economic growth and female entrepreneurs are strongly involved because their economic contribution is steadily increasing. However, research also reveals that female entrepreneurs face more financial barriers when compared to their male counterparts. Therefore, it is of prime importance to understand better female entrepreneurs’ behavior regarding financing. The purpose of this research was to explore gender differences related to financing with an intention to uncover why such differences exist. An empirical study involving a sample of 946 entrepr

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Nayebyazdi, Arash. "Social capital and banking system profitability: A survey of European Union countries." European Journal of Government and Economics 8, no. 1 (2019): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/ejge.2019.8.1.4575.

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Over the last years, the concept of social capital as a facilitator of economic activities has been a remarkable issue among economists. In this article, we study the impact of social capital on banking performance focusing on profitability in the European Union for period 2008-2016. Social capital indicators are applied in the model are "trust in others" and "fair behavior of others". We expect more profitable banks in societies with higher levels of social capital. According to the type of data, we apply GMM estimator to do more efficient estimations. We use auxiliary variables such as bank

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Schmitz, Andrew, Hartley Furtan, and Troy G. Schmitz. "Agricultural Policy: High Commodity and Input Prices." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 38, no. 1 (2009): 18–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500000162.

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Because of high commodity prices, beginning in 2006, subsidies to farmers in the United States, the European Union, and Canada have been reduced significantly. However, significant losses have been experienced by the red meat sector, along with escalating food prices. Because of rising input costs, the “farm boom” may not be as great as first thought. Ethanol made from corn and country-of-origin labeling cloud the U.S. policy scene. Higher commodity prices have caused some countries to lower tariff and non-tariff barriers, resulting in freer commodity trade worldwide. Policymakers should attem

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Kučas, Andrius, Boyan Kavalov, and Carlo Lavalle. "Living Cost Gap in the European Union Member States." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (2020): 8955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218955.

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The living cost gap refers to the differential amongst income, expenditures, and poverty lines. It is important since it addresses a number of aspects that point towards historic and continued living standards. The purpose of this study is to identify, measure, and compare the living cost gap in the Europe Union member states. Twenty-nine indicators/criteria from Eurostat and World Bank, covering the period 2008–2017, are employed. In order to rank and compare living cost gap by countries, objective functions for each criterion are defined and applied. The importance of each criterion is asses

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Gawel, Aleksandra, and Timo Toikko. "Trust in European Institutions in Explaining the Entrepreneurship in European Union Countries." Social Sciences 10, no. 6 (2021): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10060195.

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Entrepreneurship is believed to be shaped by institutions; however, the paper assumes that trust in institutions is a fundamental prerequisite for the impact of institutions on entrepreneurship. The aims of the paper are to determine (i) whether trust in European institutions affects the level of entrepreneurship in European Union countries, and (ii) whether there are any differences in this impact regarding the types of institutions and (iii) a country’s government budget size. Based on yearly panel data for 27 European Union countries in the years 2004–2019 and estimations of panel regressio

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Satchithanantham, Sanjayan, Henry F. Wilson, Patsy Michiels, Melanie Dubois, Sheng Li, and Alexander J. Koiter. "Channel geomorphology differences between stream reaches with grass- or tree-dominated riparian vegetation in southern Manitoba." FACETS 4, no. 1 (2019): 336–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2018-0036.

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Removal of trees for pasture or crop production is common along the stream reaches in the Canadian Prairies, resulting in a patchwork of forested and nonforest riparian vegetation along most streams. The effect of vegetation type on channel geomorphology and potential to influence sediment dynamics was studied using eight paired reaches (forested and nonforest) within agricultural watersheds in southern Manitoba, Canada. High potential for bank erosion was observed at all sites (bank erosion hazard index scores), but Pfankuch channel stability scores were significantly higher for forested reac

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Kovaleva, Elizaveta O. "Vitaliy (Maksimenko) and his efforts to create the Pochaiv Bank." Rusin, no. 67 (2022): 206–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/67/12.

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Drawing on previously unpublished archival sources and new materials of periodicals of the Volhynian province, the article examines the history of The Pochaev-Volhynian People's Loan Society and the role of Archimandrite Vitaly (Maksimenko) in the creation of the Pochaiv Bank. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of historical realities and the problems Father Vitaly had to face during the implementation of this project. In the early 20th century, several factors influenced the agrarian question in the Volhynian Governorate. The price of the fertile lands of this region was constantly

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Nerella Bhavani and M Sunitha Reddy. "Imatinib mesylate: Recent drug used in oncology." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 22, no. 2 (2023): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2023.22.2.0059.

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Background: The European Union and Canada have approved generic imatinib for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia (EU). Anecdotal evidence suggests that generic imatinib performs less well than brand-name imatinib. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched as methods. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) and Health Canada-approved generic imatinib product monographs were examined. We contacted Novartis, Teva, and Apotex's medical information. Results: A number of issues have been brought up. First, generic imatinib approved outside of Canada and the EU has been linked to inconsistent results in tw

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Nerella, Bhavani, and Sunitha Reddy M. "Imatinib mesylate: Recent drug used in oncology." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 22, no. 2 (2023): 173–86. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7919555.

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<strong>Background:</strong> The European Union and Canada have approved generic imatinib for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia (EU). Anecdotal evidence suggests that generic imatinib performs less well than brand-name imatinib. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched as methods. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) and Health Canada-approved generic imatinib product monographs were examined. We contacted Novartis, Teva, and Apotex's medical information. <strong>Results</strong>: A number of issues have been brought up. First, generic imatinib approved outside of Canada and the EU ha

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Bolleyer, Nicole, and Tanja A. Börzel. "Non-hierarchical policy coordination in multilevel systems." European Political Science Review 2, no. 2 (2010): 157–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175577391000007x.

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In theory, lower-level governments (provinces, regional governments, or member states) operating in multilevel systems within and beyond the nation-state can choose from a wide repertoire of modes of policy coordination to solve collective problems non-hierarchically. These modes range from unilateral policy emulation over informal intergovernmental agreements to binding interstate law. The modes that governments are willing and capable to use, however, vary considerably across multilevel systems which affects governments’ collective problem-solving capacity. This paper argues that the nature

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