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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Union participation'
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1
Balfour, Matthew. "Union participation and the finance sector union of Australia /." Title page, contents and synopsis only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09LR/09lrb185.pdf.
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Harrington, Jane. "Women's local level trade union participation." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327308.
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This thesis explores the participation of women in trade union activity at local level. The central question it addresses is why do women participate in trade unions at this level? It identifies the factors that shape and influence women's participation and, in particular, the role of gender. In addition the thesis critically exatnines the concept of women's interests. The methodological approach is that of a case study of women activists in the South Wales and Western division of the Union of Shop, Distributive and Allied Workers (USDA W), and a principal case study of women activists in the South and West area of the Banking, Insurance and Finance Union (BIFU). In recent years there has been a growing body of research considering the role of women in trade unions. The main focus of these studies has been the barriers to women's participation. Where women's participation has been investigated the majority of studies have been concerned with women full time officers and 'senior' trade union leaders. Within trade union renewal debates women have been highlighted as one of the groups to target in recruitment campaigns. As such, it is appropriate to consider women's trade union participation at local level. The general literature suggests that people join and participate for traditional collective reasons. This proposition is critically examined. The findings present a model of trade union activity that differs significantly from typologies created to examine 'senior' women leaders. Equally, studies of women at local level which attach one ideological position to women's attitudes and behaviour are argued to fail to capture the diversity of views evident at local level. As such, the typology developed from this study places the WOlnen activists in four groups; the individualist, the collectivist, the carer and the equal rights representative. These groups reflect the context in which the women are situated and the varied interpretations of their activism. The findings suggest the problems of addressing equal opportunities through the union structures and raise, in particular, the difficulties of developing 'separatist' policies for women. Barriers to women's participation in trade unions remain significant for local level activism. The thesis suggests that trade union renewal strategies need to recognise the richness and diversity of attitudes and interests that women bring to the trade union movement.
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Marques, Lilita A. "An investigation of the relationship between union commitment and union participation." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5837.
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Word processed copy.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 47-52).
The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between union commitment and union participation. The research was conducted in the electrical engineering industry in the Western Cape. The respondents (N = 131) were all employees of electrical engineering companies in the Western Cape. From a sample of 65.5 per cent, 41.9 per cent of the respondents were female and 58, 01 per cent was male. Results indicated that union commitment is the main predictor of union participation and perceived union instrumentality is a significant predictor of union commitment. Affective organizational commitment and affective union commitment correlated moderately with each other. Results also indicated that there are no significant differences between union participation levels of male and female union members.
4
Bissonnette, Angela B. "Effects of increased information on union commitment, participation and perception of union leaders." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ40347.pdf.
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Duncan, Patrick L. "Perceived servant-leadership attributes, union commitment, and union member participation| A quantitative analysis." Thesis, Capella University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3684039.
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This study represented an initial effort to systematically examine the effects of the perception of servant-leadership attributes in union leaders on the commitment and participation levels of union members. Using Barbuto and Wheeler's (2006) Servant Leadership Questionnaire, and Gordon, Philpot, Burt, Thompson and Spiller's (1980) Commitment to the Union Scale, 535 members of a U.S.-based, national healthcare union rated their union leaders on servant-leadership attributes, and answered a series of questions designed to assess their level of union commitment. Additionally, demographic and participation information was collected. A combination of descriptive statistics, and Baron and Kenny's (1986) mediation methodology was used to determine the relationship between servant-leadership attributes, union commitment attributes, and an overall participation score. Demographic information was used to determine generalizability. The results of this study indicate that each attribute of servant-leadership showed a relationship with overall union member participation and with each attribute of union commitment. The only instance in which an attribute of union commitment consistently mediated the relationship between servant-leadership and overall union member participation was union loyalty. While the respondents in this study reported lower scores on those attributes of servant-leadership and union commitment that emphasize the personal over the collective, this does not negate the statistical significance of the impact on servant-leadership on union commitment. The results of this study confirms that, in the case of the sponsoring organization, servant-leadership is a viable leadership paradigm with the potential to increase both commitment to the union-as-organization, as well as increasing overall union member participation.
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Milenkovic, Nebojsa. "Interrelationships among trade union commitment, organizational commitment, job satisfaction and trade union participation." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5833.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 43-51).The issue of commitment has received extensive research through the years yet inconsistencies still prevail. This research investigated the relationships between organizational commitment, trade union commitment, job satisfaction and trade union participation. A survey based on the work of Meyer and Allen (1997) was used to collect data. The sample consisted of 90 participants who were members of the same trade union. The main findings indicate that trade union commitment is positively correlated to union participation and it explains 34 % of variance in participation. No significant difference based on gender was found in the sample which is inconsistent with available literature. Organizational and union commitment exhibit a significant positive relationship as do job satisfaction and union commitment as well as job satisfaction and union participation. Organizational commitment and union participation exhibited a non-significant result. Dual commitment was also apparent in the sample. Further research is advisable to ascertain fully on these relationships within the South African context.
7
Eberle, Margaret Patricia. "Credit union participation in community based economic development." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26809.
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Local B.C. communities facing hardship in the context of global restructuring and reduced demand for primary resource commodities, have increasingly turned to community based economic development (CBED) to strengthen their local economies. These community based strategies differ from place to place but essentially aim to expand the local economy through socially and culturally desirable development, utilizing local resources, and under some form of local control. However there are numerous obstacles to undertaking CBED, one of which is a lack of financing. Credit unions are community based financial institutions which would appear to be likely participants in a process of community based economic development. They possess significant financial resources, and share with CBED a common philosophy of economic self-help, and an orientation towards the local community.
The potential for credit union participation in community based economic development is the subject of this thesis. A three part methodology was followed with particular reference to major aspects of the issue. First, a review of the local economic development literature pointed to the importance of financing, management advice and local capacity to develop in the CBED process. The experience of CBED organizations in obtaining assistance from chartered banks and federal government programs such as Local Employment Assistance Development (LEAD) demonstrates that there are significant gaps in support. An alternative such as the credit union is needed. The credit union system was examined to determine if indeed this community based cooperative financial institution holds some promise to assist CBED, and what factors presently act to constrain such participation. There are two fundamental obstacles to credit union participation in CBED. Firstly, there is a lack of will on the part of credit unions to become involved in CBED based on declining member commitment to credit union philosophy. Secondly, credit unions are presently unable to reconcile high levels of risk inherent in lending for CBED with their non-profit structure. Educating credit unions as to the potential benefits arising from CBED may heighten their interest in participating in CBED and there are mechanisms the credit union can employ to reduce risk. Furthermore, credit unions can play some important non-financial roles in support of CBED, which a local orientation and cooperative decision-making framework can enhance.
The empirical portion of the research documented the CBED initiatives of Nanaimo District Credit Union and Vancouver City Savings Credit Union. It demonstrated firstly, that there is interest among individual credit unions within the credit union system to participate in CBED, at least in an incremental way; secondly, that credit unions have tended to follow a marginal business development strategy in support of CBED in their respective communities; and thirdly, there are a number of alternative roles, strategies and institutional arrangements for doing so. Based on this review of the major issues and the experience of two credit unions currently participating in CBED, it appears that credit unions do hold some potential an alternative source of community capital and expertise for community based economic development, but at present appear to lack the philosophical basis for doing so, and furthermore, face some constraints to pursuing a financial role in CBED.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
8
Szakaly, Michael J. "Non-participation in formal education among active union members." Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1273157.
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An inquiry into why potential adult learners, employed full time and eligible for substantial tuition assistance dollars, do not participate in formal education may be of interest to administrators within higher education, labor union leadership, and adult educators. Using a descriptive approach, this study gathered evidence from 10 adults who had not participated in formal education in at least the past 10 years. The evidence collected was used to answer the question, Why do UA W-GM active union members, contractually eligible for tuition assistance funds, not participate informal education? Evidence was compiled from two one and one-half hour interviews and from a number of telephone conversations. Much of the previous research on non participation describes barriers and constraints to participation. The informants in this study spent little time discussing why they had not participated. Their discussions instead focused on how and why they had successfully engaged in many informal learning experiences.The research method used in this study is suited to provide details that indirectly provide a basis for analysis into non-participation in formal education for the selected group of informants. Analysis is provided in Chapter V. However, Chapter IV is presented in such a way as to invite readers to develop their own insights based on this sample of unique and varied experiences.Department of Educational Studies
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Kgapola, Leslie Seth. "Trade unions service level and member satisfaction." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/62678.
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Trade unions are juristic entities and volitional associations that have, historically and ideologically, represented the aggregate strength of labour to maximise their effectiveness in their endeavour to fulfil their core responsibilities and principal functions. However, Ceronie (2007) postulates that, in South Africa, there has been a loss of ideological support for unions since the dawn of democracy. The establishment of the democracy had the effect that a huge driving gear to belong to a union was lost. The mandate of trade unions is to, inter alia, protect, maintain, and improve the working conditions of their members. They fulfil this mandate by ensuring that they offer services that meet, if not exceed, members' satisfaction levels. Trade unions ultimately exist to protect both the work- and non-work-related interest of their members, whether these be economic, social, political, or environmental (Venter, 2003). Nel et al. (2005) asseverate that trade unions are membership organisations: They exist because of their members, they are made up of members, they serve their members' interest, and they are governed by their members. That is, they derive their authority and mandate from the members. Therefore, trade union are service providers. They must give employees enough reason to become attracted to them as members and to remain members. Simply put, trade unions, as the embodiment of workers' aspirations, owe a duty of care to their members, and thus should at all times, act in their best interests. Thus, the kind and quality of services offered by trade unions should be perceived by members as sufficient and satisfactory. Highly satisfied and committed union members are more likely to support and participate in trade union activities. Trade unions, like any other organisation that provides services, are faced with challenges of membership decline due to perceived poor services or the lack thereof, and are therefore required to devise remedial measures to mitigate the membership decline. Against the backdrop of the foregoing, the aim of the study was to examine if there is a relationship between the quality of services and benefits offered by unions to their members and member satisfaction. The sample comprised members of the three major unions within the public service of South Africa. Using the quantitative paradigm, primary empirical data were collected by distributing 500 questionnaires, which yielded a 48.9% response rate. Data were analysed using the SPSS Statistics 23 software program. The questionnaire was valid and reliable, with an overall scale reliability coefficient of α = .975. The findings revealed moderate levels of member satisfaction (56%) with low dissatisfaction (16%), and a significantly high participation rate in union activities (61%), and union effectiveness (80%). That is, the findings revealed that members were generally satisfied with their unions' performance. The findings affirm union instrumentality, union effectiveness, and member participation as antecedents of union commitment, and also confirm unions' performance and effectiveness as significant determinants of members' satisfaction with a union. Therefore, in a quest to maintain and/or increase their relevance, trade unions must examine their current services and benefits, in order to determine whether they still meet their members' preferences, and, if not, to develop and provide a new service mix that will not only appeal to unionised members, but will also attract non-unionised workers.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Human Resource Management
PhD
Unrestricted
10
Söndergaard, Mattila Daniella. "How are local union clubs working to increase participation of their members? - A case study of four union clubs with high member participation." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för företagande, innovation och hållbarhet, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-44891.
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Arnot, Julie. "Women workers and trade union participation in Scotland 1919-1939." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1999. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3086/.
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This thesis seeks to provide an assessment of women’s work, their participation in the trade union movement and the extent of women’s strike activity n Scotland in the period 1919-1939. It will highlight the position of women in the labour market, their continuing confinement to a narrow range of industries and occupations and the low paid and low status nature of their work. The weakness of trade union organisation among women workers in the inter-war period will be an important consideration. It will be shown that despite the massive influx of women in to the trade unions in the First World War and the attempts by trade unions and the Scottish Trades Union Congress (STUC) to encourage greater numbers of women into the trade union movement, organisation among women in most industries remained weak throughout the entirety of the inter-war period. Therefore, this thesis will seek to offer a number of explanations for the lack of extensive trade union organisation among women during this period. These will include the occupational and industrial distribution of women workers, their low earnings, the impact of the depression, high unemployment and the failure of the General Strike. However, it will also be suggested that one of the reasons for the low level of trade union organisation among women may have been related to trade union policies and practices. The argument to be developed is that despite recruitment drives undertaken by trade unions and the STUC, trade unions themselves could often be very hostile to women workers and the failure to address issues of importance to women and the remoteness of the movement from the needs of potential women members could mean that there was very often little incentive for women to join trade unions. In order to support this argument, it will be shown that trade unions employed exclusionary tactics either by limiting the entry of women into certain areas of work, attempting to exclude women from work altogether, via agreements with employers, or by excluding women from trade union membership.
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Markantoni, Athina. "Learning by participation : Greece and the European Union intergovernmental conferences." Thesis, University of Kent, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342217.
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Jean, Victoria. "Factors in union participation, a research project exploring Lerner's surplus powerlessness approach." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0013/MQ30484.pdf.
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Billings, J. Todd. "Calvin, participation, and the gift : the activity of believers in union with Christ /." Oxford : Oxford university press, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41246462w.
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Bank, John. "Trade Union, Managerial and Employee Perceptions of Organisational Participation and Democracy at Work." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2006. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4543.
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This synoptic paper accompanies refereed articles, chapters in books and books published
between 1977 and 2001 by the author on the theme of trade union, managerial, and
employee perceptions of organisational participation and democracy at work and is
submitted for a PhD by Publication. It shows how these eleven publications represent a
"substantial, continuous and coherentb ody of work" on the theme and demonstratesh ow
they, both individually and collectively, have made an original contribution to knowledge
in this specific field.
The author distinguishes between direct participation and indirect or representative forms
of organisational participation and claims to have made a contribution to both. During the
period spanned by these twelve publications, perceptions of trade unions, management and
employees about organisational participation and democracy at work have undergone great
changes. In the 1970s, trade union perceptions of organisational participation and
democracy at work led the TUC among others to campaign for worker directors as a form
of industrial democracy to influence boardroom decisions outside the scope of collective
bargaining. The Labour government of the day supported the TUC initiative with the
Committee of Inquiry on Industrial Democracy chaired by Lord Bullock. The author
contributed to the national debate on worker directors with the publication of his book on
the British Steel Worker Directors. He also researched direct forms of employee
participation such as job enrichment, job enlargement, and autonomous working groups
internationally, arguing for their incorporation in industry.
When the Conservative Party came to power, the worker director avenue to indirect
employee participation at boardroom level was effectively blocked. The author then turned
his research attention to management-led forms of direct employee participation, namely
Quality Circles and Total Quality Management with their forms of employee
empowerment. His publications also foster participation for leavers and survivors in
corporate downsizing.
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Gorkoff, Kelly. "The feminization of the labour movement?, women's participation in the Manitoba Government Employees Union." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq23319.pdf.
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Atta-Baffoe, Victor R. "A study of Richard Hooker's theology of participation and the principle of Anglican ecclesiology." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1993. http://www.tren.com.
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Pearson, Ian. "Power and participation in a general union : patterns of organisation and democracy in three GMB regions." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1987. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3635/.
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This study is about the organisation and government of the General Municipal and Boilermakers' from 1970 to 1985. Its focus is, as far as is known, unique in that it concentrates primarily on government at the regional level, examining the GMB's Birmingham, Liverpool and Northern regions. Rather than focusing explicitly on the policy issues related to recent legislation, it analyses the wider issues of power and participation relevant to the debate on union democracy. The thesis adopts an eclectic approach to union democracy, synthesising previous approaches within the framework of the vertical and horizontal dispersion of decision making developed by Undy et al, which is given a prescriptive dimension. The regional focus, and secondary focuses on intervening variables within the framework, are principally examined through conducting structured interviews with members and officers at all levels of the union. The research work is divided into four chapters, which follow chapters reviewing the literature and presenting the research focus, and giving an historical overview of the union up until the research period commences. The first examines the national level changes since 1970 and membership participation in the national political system. The other three chapters have a specific regional focus analysing regional variations in membership growth and participation at the local level; the locus of regional power and variations in participation in regional government; and membership participation in collective bargaining. The research contributes to knowledge of trade union government at the regional level; an almost completely explored and, it is argued, an important area which requires further research. It demonstrates the significant extent of regional variations within a single union and shows how these have led to markedly different levels of membership participation in decision making structures in the three regions. It shows that the commonly held view that GMB regional secretaries are barons of their own area is misplaced, noting constraints which prevent oligarchic domination of regions. It also highlights the pervasive, but long since neglected, influence of union constitutional provisions as a factor affecting union democracy. Finally, it suggests that the eclectic framework could be usefully adopted by future contributions to union democracy research.
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Ball, Malcolm John. "Trade union education : a qualitative study of its contribution to participation and progression in adult learning." Thesis, Leeds Beckett University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327310.
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Viljoen, Ezalle. "Employee participation within an engineering support services company / E. Viljoen." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9237.
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The general objective of this study was to explore and investigate employee participation within an engineering support services company. Attention was therefore given to the opinions and perceptions of employees and managers regarding employee participation as well as the relationship between employee participation and employees’ union membership. To conduct this study a qualitative and quantitative research design was adopted. In order to examine employees and managers’ opinions and perceptions, semi-structured one-on-one interviews were conducted with participants. Six employee participation themes were identified as well as various sub-themes. Self-developed group administrative questionnaires were also utilised to determine the relationship between employee participation and union membership. The study found that employees and managers attach positive opinions and perceptions towards employee participation therefore leading to positive participation outcomes. In exploring the relationship between employee participation and union membership it was found that 87.1% of the employees in the company did not belong to a union. It was also found that there is a statistical significance relationship between employees’ race and their tendency to join a union (0.068). Employees also indicated that they will join a union if co-management and self-management (as forms of employee participation) is not present in their organisation; with a statistical significance of 0.016 and 0.068. Information presented in this study can be used to develop effective employee participation strategies as well as assist in implementing these strategies.Thesis (MCom (Labour Relations Management))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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Sayagh, Yaël. "Le contrat de joint-venture : une approche de droit comparé (Etats-Unis, Union européenne, France)." Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NICE0026.
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La nature est avec l'espèce qui possède sur les autres une avance technologique" (Lewis Roy, pourquoi j'ai mangé mon père, presses Pocket 1992). La joint-venture est devenue une stratégie d'expansion très priée. Elle servira à exécuter un projet de recherche-développement, de coproduction, de mise en valeur de ressources naturelles, ou de soumission de marches. Sa capacité à opérer des synergies fait qu'elle est pratiquée aussi bien par les pays industrialisés que les pays en voie de développement. Au niveau juridique, la joint-venture est un contrat de coopération pousse a un certain seuil. Les parties sont unies par un amalgame de biens et d'intérêts, et partagent les bénéfices et les pertes issus de leur alliance. Un mariage "pour le meilleur et pour le pire". Son analyse est marquée du sceau de la complexité. Les pourparlers sont souvent longs et délicats, soulevant des problèmes juridiques tel que celui de la confidentialité des informations dévoilées. La rédaction du contrat elle-même est problématique : rien ne doit être laisse au hasard. Une fois conclu, le contrat se présente comme un atome entoure de ses électrons. Le contrat de base sera mis en œuvre par différents contrats satellites : contrats de prêt, de mandat, de mise à disposition de locaux ou de personnel. Son fonctionnement sera envisagé différemment selon que les parties auront opté pour une organisation contractuelle ou sociétaire. Dans le premier cas, la joint-venture sera régie par diverses dispositions : droit des contrats, droit des sociétés en participation pour le droit français, droit du partnership pour le droit américain. Dans le second cas, par les dispositions de la forme juridique adoptée. La joint-venture sociétaire soulèvera des problèmes originaux. Conclue entre des concurrents s'accordant "une trêve", elle est toujours la proie des ambivalences qu'elle tente de concilier. L'auteur s'est efforcée d'effectuer une analyse comparative du contrat de joint- venture, qui dévoilera des similarités surprenantes entre les droits choisis, exemple intéressant de l'aplanissement par la pression de l'économie planétaire des dissimilitudes entre les différents systèmes juridiquesNature favours the specie that can gain on others a technological advantage", (lewis roy, the evolution man, press pocket 1992). The joint venture has become a prized strategy of expansion. It will be used to perform projects of research and development, joint production, exploitation and exploration of natural resources and the successful bidding and management of projects. Its capacity to operate on various levels explains why it is practiced by industrialised countries as well as by developing ones. The joint venture is an elaborate contract of cooperation. The parties are linked together by an amalgam of goods and interests, and share the benefits and losses stemming from their alliance. A marriage "for the best and for the worst". Its analysis is marked with the seal of complexity. The negociations are often long and delicate, raising legal problems such as the confidentiality of information. The drafting of the contract itself is problematical : nothing must be left to chance. Once concluded,the contract can be seen as an atom surrounded by electrons. The basic contract will be implemented with various satellite contracts : contracts of loan, agency, placement to premises and delegation of human resources. Its operation is envisaged differently according to whether the parties have opted for a contractual or a corporate organization. As for contractual organization, the joint venture will be governed by various provisions : law of contract, law of societe en participation for french law, law of partnership for american law. As for corporate organization, it will be governed by the rules of the chosen corporate form. The incorporate joint venture will raise problems as more often than not being concluded by competitors agreeing to "a truce". The author has strived to undertake a comparative analysis of joint ventures. This analysis will show how the world economy is smoothing away the dissimilarities between the different legal systems
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Castellarin, Emanuel. "La participation de l'Union européenne aux institutions économiques internationales." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010292.
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L’Union européenne est associée à l’activité de toutes les institutions qui encadrent l’économie internationale, qu’il s’agisse d’organisations internationales ou d’autres organismes multilatéraux. L’inclusion de l’Union dans ces communautés juridiques présente des avantages mutuels. L’Union, désireuse d’émerger comme acteur sur la scène internationale, peut promouvoir ses valeurs et ses intérêts. En même temps, intégrée aux espaces normatifs des institutions économiques internationales, elle contribue à la mise en œuvre de l’activité de celles-ci. Toutefois, cette intégration soulève aussi des difficultés. L’Union est soucieuse de préserver la maîtrise de sa propre organisation et une marge d’appréciation dans la régulation des phénomènes économiques. Les institutions économiques internationales, quant à elles, sont a priori peu habituées au fonctionnement de l’Union, notamment en ce qui concerne l’articulation de ses compétences avec celles de ses Etats membres. La participation de l’Union européenne aux institutions économiques internationales est un processus d’interaction institutionnelle permanente qui vise le dépassement de ces difficultés et l’adaptation réciproque. Projetant vers l’extérieur ses politiques publiques, qui constituent à leur tour la mise en œuvre de politiques des institutions économiques internationales, l’Union favorise la continuité des niveaux de la gouvernance économique mondiale. Ainsi, l’Union influence et est influencée par la libéralisation et la régulation multilatérales de tous les phénomènes économiques internationaux : le commerce, l’investissement, la finance et la coopération au développementThe European Union is involved in the activity of all institutions that shape and supervise the world economy, be they international organizations or other multilateral fora. The Union’s inclusion in these legal communities is mutually beneficial. On the one hand, the Union is eager to assert itself as an actor on the international scene and can promote its values and interests. On the other hand, the Union helps to implement norms produced by host institutions and to achieve their goals, as it is integrated in their legal order or network. However, this integration also gives rise to some problems. The Union tries to protect its own organization and margin of appreciation in regulating economic phenomena. Moreover, in principle host institutions are not accustomed to its functioning, especially as far as relations with member states are concerned. The European Union’s participation in international economic institutions is a process of continuous institutional interaction which aims at overcoming these problems through reciprocal adaptation. As the Union promotes its public policies within international economic institutions, which shape in turn the Union’s policies, this process boosts the coherence between levels of economic governance. Thus, the Union influences and is influenced by multilateral liberalization and regulation of all economic phenomena: trade, investment, finance, and development cooperation
23
Wichmann, Nina. "Democratisation without societal participation? : the EU as an external actor in the democratisation processes of Serbia and Croatia /." Berlin ; Münster : LIT, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016241269&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Edholm, Kajsa. "Equal and Effective Participation? The Effect of Interest Group Funding on the Democratic Legitimacy of the European Union." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-273917.
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Sinclair, Diane M. "Women and trade unionism : the effect of gender on propensity to unionise and participation in trade union activity." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1993. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2470/.
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Women workers, typically, are disadvantaged in the workplace and in the trade union movement. In an attempt to explain the relationship of female employees to the unions, this thesis investigates the significance of gender for an employee's involvement in trade unionism. The importance of the sex variable for both the individual's union membership choice and rate of participation in trade union activity is explored. The aim of the study is to reach a much better understanding of the most important influences on women's position in the unions, and thereby provide some insight into the apparent failure of the trade union movement to gain equality for women with men in the employment sphere. Chapters two and three depict women's situation in the workplace and in the trade unions, in order to illustrate the importance of the study. Chapters four and five present a theoretical framework for the empirical analyses, discussed in chapters six to nine, concerning influences on the employee's propensity to unionise and union participation. Both crosstabulations and discriminant analyses are employed to establish the most important determinants of these two variables. Influences on the worker's attitudes to trade unionism are also discussed. Chapters ten and eleven present the results of a survey of nine large trade unions, conducted in an attempt to account for the inadequacies of the independent variables used in the quantitative analyses to explain fully the relationships explored. The thesis concludes that the lower level of involvement of women workers in trade unionism may be explained mainly in terms of differences between the sexes in hours worked, earnings and industrial relations traditions in male and female-dominated work. Also, however, significantly lower favourability to trade unions expressed by the women workers is found to contribute to the male/female union membership and union participation differentials. The thesis argues, in chapter twelve, that this apparent difference in satisfaction with trade unions between the men and women studied is, most probably, a result of traditional union culture, particularly the male-domination of the unions, and the unequal position of women in the trade union movement.
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Levermore, Roger John. "The European Union/South Africa Trade, Development and Co-operation Agreement : decision-making, participation and perceived economic impacts." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/391.
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The European Union-South Africa Trade, Development and Co-operation Agreement (EU/SA TDCA), signed in October 1999, is viewed by some in South Africa as not only one of the most important trade and development agreements entered into by the 'new' South African goverrunent, but also a significant agreement for setting precedents for other bi-lateral trade and development pacts between the EU and African, Caribbean and Pacific group of states. This thesis considers two major issues related to the EU/SA TDCA. First, it describes and evaluates the structures that supported the South African side of the TDCA decision-making process. Second, it discusses the potential economic impact of the agreement on South Africa and part of southern African. Prior to the election of the 'new' South African government in 1994, the majority of South Africa's population was excluded - both in terms of access to decision-making structures and from economic prosperity. By exploring the TDCA, the thesis provides a window through wl-dch to examine contemporary access to decision-making processes in South Africa and the likelihood of the TDCA promoting economic prosperity for sections of southern African society, particularly the 'traditionally excluded'. Interviews with key actors who helped formulate the TDCA provide information that enabled the evaluation of the TDCA decision-making process and highlighted potential economic 'winners' and 'losers'. Interviewing representatives of the South African wine and textile sectors provided an opportunity to examine in more detail the likely impact of the agreement and decision-making processes, associated to the TDCA, within South Africa. The results indicate that an overriding message of this thesis is one of complexity. The description of the structures that underpinned the EU/SA TDCA portrayed complex relationships between decision-making 'actors'. In evaluating the inclusivity of the policy formulation process, there was a lack of consensus over who had been included or excluded. Likewise, the identification of potential economic 'winners' and 'losers' proved to be somewhat problematic.
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Kirton, Gill. "The social construction of women's trade union participation : the role of women-only courses in MSF and TGWU." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/14160.
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Women have struggled for more than a century for equality within trade unions and various forms of separate organising have played a central role in achieving incremental gendered transformation of internal structures and hierarchies. Despite huge advances, the goal of gender equality or democracy has not been fully realised in 2003; hence women's separate organising remains an important strategic vehicle through which union women are able to access the necessary power resources to continue their struggle. This thesis provides an original, in-depth exploration of the impact and influence on union women of one form of separate organising, namely women-only courses, in two large, male-dominated trade unions. It contributes to the growing body of feminist industrial relations literature concerned with women's under-representation in union structures. The thesis establishes the link between a significant, but under-researched area of union activity - union education - with the debates surrounding gender democracy, by showing the enormous impact women-only courses have on participants, their gender and union identities and their union careers. With its primary focus on a group of union women, rather than on a union structure, the study also produces important methodological insights for industrial relations research. By taking a qualitative, multi-method, case study approach within a feminist paradigm, the thesis investigates the women's routes to participation and involvement, their perceptions and experiences of women-only courses and the unfolding of their union careers over time. In so doing it engages with contemporary debates surrounding women's lesser participation in the structures and processes of union democracy, the gendered barriers to union involvement, the role and utility of women's separate organising. Importantly, it also offers insights into the myriad ways in which women use their personal agency to surmount such barriers and navigate a union career.
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Thirion, Isabelle. "La Décision du général de Gaulle de suspendre provisoirement la participation française au conseil des ministres de la Communauté économique européenne : 1er juillet 1965 /." Genève : [s.n.], 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34938140j.
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Hoell, Robert Craig. "Determinants of Union Member Attitudes Towards Employee Involvement Programs." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30741.
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This study investigates the role social information and personal dispositions play in the development of attitudes of unionized employees towards employee involvement programs. A theoretical model was developed in order to understand how social information and dispositions form union member attitudes towards employee involvement programs. This was designed from models of employee involvement and attitude formation.
Data were collected from employees at electrical power generation facilities. Measures of organizational and union commitment, locus of control, participativeness, social information provided by the company, social information provided by the union, and employee involvement attitudes were gathered through a survey distributed at the facilities. General affect and satisfaction towards four types of employee involvement programs union members are most likely to encounter were measured.
Specific hypotheses were developed in order to test and analyze parts of the theoretical model. While the results were at times contrary to the hypothesized relationships within the model, the data fit with the theorized model well enough to provide support for it. This model effectively demonstrated how employee involvement attitudes are formed from such data, and the relationships between the variables measured.Ph. D.
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Rolland, Anna. "La participation de l'Union Européenne à l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'Alimentation et l'Agriculture." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA111004.
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Abellán, Miguel Angel Medina. "The participation of Turkey in the European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) : how has the European Union managed the 'involvement issue'? (1999-2009)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610608.
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Thurston, Alex J. "An analysis of the implementation of Clubmark and two associated policies in boxing, swimming and rugby union." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/25521.
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This study analysed the strategies of selected National Governing Bodies (NGBs) and voluntary sport clubs (VSCs) in the process of policy implementation of Sport England s generic Clubmark (a quality mark accreditation framework). Within the overarching Clubmark framework, other policies (safeguarding and increasing membership and/or participation) adopted by VSCs working towards the accreditation (or re-accreditation) standard were also examined. Policy-makers are predominantly centrally located, often a distance from the point of delivery where, it is argued; the environment is highly variable, pressured and political, often requiring negotiation and interpretation during the process of implementation. Traditionally, implementation analysis assumed two distinct approaches: top-down theorists (e.g. Hogwood & Gunn, 1984) suppose a perfect rational, systematic process as the starting point, with the focus placed on central policy-makers. The top-down theorists acknowledge that the ideal is unattainable but use the perspective to establish generalisable descriptive policy advice; in contrast, bottom-up theorists (e.g. Lipsky, 1980) argued that to gain a more realistic understanding of implementation the role of street-level bureaucrats (e.g. VSC members at the point of delivery) should be the focus for analysis and seek to offer prescriptive advice. More recently, a number of theorists have developed hybrid implementation models, which offered a synthesis of the two contrasting approaches, such as Matland's (1995) Ambiguity-Conflict model. The combination of these three approaches coupled with Kingdon's (1997) Multiple Streams framework, used to help organise and set a context for the understanding of implementation during analysis, established the theoretical framework that guided this study. The research adopted a qualitative approach using case studies for the three sports of boxing, swimming and rugby union. Data collection consisted of 29 semi-structured interviews from VSC members, NGB officials, a senior Sport England official and a County Sports Partnership officer. The interview data were combined with document analysis (from VSCs, NGBs and Sport England), which included policy documents, guidance templates, electronic communications and various website content. Two clubs from each sport were examined (one urban, one rural). VSC member selection was based on positions of authority within the committee who had some prior knowledge of Clubmark. Three to four NGB officials from each sport provided data for the top-down perspective of policy implementation. Analysis of the data revealed that policy implementation is not straightforward; NGBs had to be flexible with their strategies and be willing to modify criteria to deal with the varying nature and capacities of VSCs. Available NGB capacity to offer VSC support proved to be pivotal for implementation success in addition to the ability of the NGBs recognising the range of contextual constraints, which limited VSCs in the implementation process. At the club-level, motivation and willingness of VSC compliance for the three main policy strands varied across sports and clubs, which demonstrated how the role of the VSC members, as implementing agents, was fundamental in the policy process. At the NGB-level, the urgency or importance placed on the three policies and the variable capacity (to offer support) affected implementation. Application of the theoretical framework that guided the research proved effective in developing the understanding of implementation in this particular sport context. Furthermore, this research has provided a contribution to the literature by demonstrating how the complex and heterogeneous nature of VSCs affects the implementation process in community sport, which provides a useful point of reference for future comparative studies analysing NGBs and VSCs in different contexts.
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Maindi, Grace Wakio. "The African Union's Economic, Social and Cultural Council : an evaluation of its mandate of facilitating civil society participation in the African Union." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/1219.
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"The OAU was a state-centric system. It is only in the last years of its existence and in the transition from the OAU to the AU that discussions on modalities for facilitating civil society participation in its activiites commenced. The AU Act emphasises the need to build partnerships between governments and all sectors of civil society. Enhancing civil society participation is one of the AU's objectives and principles. To achieve this objective, the AU Act created the Economic, Social and Cultural Council (ECOSOCC) as an AU organ. ... Following this introductory chapter, the second chapter will analyse ECOSOCC's legal framework and structure in relation to its facilitation of civil society participation in the AU. ECOSOCC's legal framework's conceptualisation of civil society and the concerns it raises will be discussed. Linked to the conceptualisation of civil society is the role ECOSOCC will play within the AU institutional structure, therefore this will also be discussed. In addition, ECOSOCC's legal framework will be analysed to identify whether it is in line with associative or deliberative democarcy. An examination of how ECOSOCC can utilise its linkages with the other AU organs to channel civil society's views will also be carried out. The discussion of the ESC and UN ECOSOC and the lessons to be learnt from them will be done in the third chapter. The fourth chapter will set out the study's conclusions and recommendations." -- IntroductionThesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2006.
Prepared under the supervision of Mr. Mohamed Habib at the Faculty of Law, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Fabry, Elvire. "Les enjeux de la citoyenneté européenne : multiappartenance, participation et représentation." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002IEPP0023.
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Aldrich, Andrea Stephanie. ""Ignorant and Confused?" Knowledge and Awareness as Determinants of Euroskepticism." unrestricted, 2009. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04152009-143419/.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2009.Title from file title page. William Downs, committee chair ; Jelena Subotic, Charles Hankla, committee members. Description based on contents viewed Sep. 28, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 54-56).
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Gaboury-Bonhomme, Marie-Ève. "Analyse de la participation des producteurs et productrices agricoles du Québec dans leur Union (l'UPA), le cas du syndicat de Plessisville." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ33641.pdf.
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O'Malley, Terence T. "The impact of participation in the European monetary union of the abnormal returns to U.S. target companies acquaired by European firms." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2002. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/291.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Business Administration
Finance
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Apraku, Amos. "An assessment of the effectiveness of trade union participation in municipal decision-making: a case study of the Buffalo City Municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1262.
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The objectives of this study were to first identify the decision-making bodies structures in the Buffalo City Municipality. Secondly, to assess compositions, powers and functions of such identified bodies or structures. The field study was limited to the administrative jurisdictions of the Buffalo City Municipality; however, the findings and recommendations were applicable to all municipalities in South Africa with the same or similar decision-making like the Buffalo City Municipality. In order to achieve the research objectives, a review of the relevant literature was done. It began by first looking at the constitutional and other legislative provisions establishing the Municipal government system or concept. The literature review looked at the powers and functions given to municipal governments by such constitutional provisions and how effective are such powers exercised. The literature further highlighted the role of trade unions participation and civil society groups in the smooth and effective administration of the municipality and in making the Integrated Development Planning a successful one. The data collection was done by means of questionnaire, focus group discussions complimented by face-to-face interviews. Forty respondents were sampled from six different trade unions and top municipal management. The data collected were analysed thematically with the use of frequency tables, pie charts and histograms. The findings of the study showed among other things that, the highest decision-making body in the municipality is the municipal council supported by various committees, boards and directorates. All the legislative and executive powers are vested in the municipal council. Again, it became known that, the municipal workers unions participate effectively in labour related issues whereas the non-municipal workers unions participate poorly in all consultative processes. In conclusion, there is the urgent need to bring all stakeholders including trade unions in the municipality during decision-making processes in order promote sustainable development in the municipality.
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Clappison, Andrew. "Endogenous rural development within the South West of England : a governance narrative of LEADER+." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/103708.
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The global political system forms the backdrop to the changing function of the state and the emergence of new governing systems. This thesis develops a particular governance narrative in relation to endogenous rural development within the South West of England through the European Union’s (EU) LEADER+ rural development programme. This programme is important because it sits firmly within a wider set of discourses on the ‘new governance’. This discourse spans wider debates over emerging forms of deliberative democracy, European governance and globalisation. The LEADER programmes approach to governance is framed as a means to facilitate enhanced deliberative practice through‘partnership’ arrangements at the local level, and in turn ensure ‘local people’ and their‘communities’ develop in line with their strengths. This approach to governance, developed through the regional studies literature, is seen as a means to meet those challenges presented by the global economic epoch. There is a strong rhetoric on the potential of the LEADER approach, but this rhetoric does not result in effective deliberative processes and outputs. The LEADER programme fails to break free from its wider political contexts and the governmentalities of the state. These enable powerful actors to manipulate the political system and its objectives. This is possible through the even wider context of global governance, which helps us understand that relations of power no longer follow linear channels, that gateways once closed are now open (and vice versa), and that policy networks now stretch both horizontally and vertically beyond the traditional confines of state power.
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Andrew, Michelle. "Sport psychological skills that distinguish between u/19 club rugby players of different participation levels and positional groups / Michelle Andrew." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1251.
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Sport psychological skills play an important role in sport performance. Evidence further suggests
that the psychological skill levels may be influenced by the particular playing position. One
hundred and eighty u/19 rugby players from the PUK Rugby Institute (average age: 18.79 +- 0.28 years) were tested during the 2003-2005 rugby seasons by means of the Competitive State Anxiety
Inventory-2 (CSAI-2), Psychological Skills Inventory (PSI), Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28
(ACSI-28), as well as a questionnaire dealing with psychosocial factors influencing participation
and performance in rugby. Players from the 2004 and 2005 seasons (n=120) were first divided into
two groups (top- and lower ranked players) of 60 players each. Effect size results (practical
significance) revealed moderately significant differences between the two groups, with the top
ranked players outscoring their lower ranked counterparts in self-confidence, general coping
resources, coping with adversity, average psychological skills score, as well as the effect of team
members/team spirit, coaches and financial aspects on participation and performance. These results
confirm that sport psychological skill levels and related psychosocial factors can distinguish
between rugby union players of different participation levels. Secondly, the total subject group
(n=180) was divided into seven positional groups (props, hookers, locks, loose trio, half-backs,
centres and back three). These groups were compared by means of effect sizes (practical
significance) for each of seven sport psychological skills as measured with the PSI. Moderate (46)
and large (20) practically significant differences were reported for the 147 inter-positional
comparisons. The results show that the half-backs and hookers consistently outperformed the other
three positional groups, while the props, locks and back three often showed the lowest skill levels.
While these results are discussed in reference to practical implications for future position specific
sport psychological skills training sessions, they clearly show that sport psychological skill levels
differ from one position to another.Thesis (M.Sc. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.
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Mitrenga, Ondřej, and Hai Trieu Phan. "Linear correlation pattern between Asset Management in European Union Households and country’s Degree of Development." Thesis, Jönköping University, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53183.
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This Master Thesis in General Management aims on defining the relationship between a country's degree of development and household asset management in the European Union. Both of the variables are defined by relevant sub-variables where the relationships are being observed. There were used datasets gathered by respected European Statistical Agency Eurostat for 2019. Master Thesis focuses on the European Union area and it aims at defining the crucial relationships between the variables in order to draw the conclusions that would help in pursuing the degree of development in different countries. In the Master Thesis, we were using quantitative research reflecting on the statistically expressed relationships using the correlation pattern. There were used 29 numbers for each of the variables representing the total number of European Union members in 2019 (28) plus the European Union average. There were found statistically significant relationships based on which we were able to define a proper generalization together with the causation pattern for the European Union countries and households.
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Pace, Roderick. "Malta and its relations with the European Union : a study of a micro-state and its participation in the process of European integration." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286095.
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Chapman, Hilary S. "Overcoming barriers to participation in training : lessons from the home health care workers of 1199/SEIU, New York's Health and Human Services Union." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50128.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-72).
This thesis explores the barriers to participation in the 1199 Home Care Industry Bill Michelson Education Fund (Home Care Education Fund). The Home Care Education Fund is structured as a Taft-Hartley, joint labor-management training fund to provide skills upgrading opportunities to unionized home care workers. It is the only such fun in the United States devoted exclusively to home care workers. Home care is a growing sector of the health care industry, and home attendants and home health aides are projected to be among the fastest-growing occupations in the following decade, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Home care workers are also some of the most economically disadvantaged workers in the health care sector, earning poverty-level wages and, with the exception of 1199/SEIU members, lacking health insurance and pension benefits. Three sets of stakeholder groups were interviewed for this thesis: home care workers, who participated in a series of focus group meetings and personal interviews; home care agency employers; and Home Care Education Fund and ETJSP staff members. A written survey instrument was implemented to home care agency employers regarding their staffing levels and training benefits to supplement personal interviews. Each group articulated a coherent set of barriers facing home care workers, with unique challenges facing the agency employers and Education Fund staff in meeting the workers' needs. It is argued that shared interests bind these groups together and that a considerable overlap exists between the provision of quality medical care, welfare and job training policies. Further, there is an urgent need to support a frontline, marginalized workforce that is caring for thousands of disabled and elderly clients on a daily basis. The ultimate goal of this thesis is to identify those key barriers that prevent participation in the Home Care Education Fund so that staff and trustees may work together to tailor their services to meet their unique needs. It concludes with supporting recommendations for workforce development policy.
by Hilary Sharpless Chapman.
M.C.P.
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Bonne, Catherine. "La participation syndicale à la gestion environnementale des entreprises : entre responsabilité et utopie. Le cas de la CFDT et la CGT (1970--2002)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED026/document.
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Cette thèse vise à éclairer à partir d'une étude longitudinale un double paradoxe entre syndicat, gestion et environnement. Nous reconstituons à partir d’archives syndicales le processus qui a permis aux syndicats et plus précisément aux confédérations d’acquérir une légitimité sur les problèmes environnementaux à partir des années 1970. En réponse aux absurdités de la société et du fait de leur responsabilité vis-à-vis des salariés qu'elles défendent, elles mettent en place des politiques syndicales environnementales qui bien qu’irrégulières permettent un appui à l'action des militants pour la préservation des emplois, des conditions de vie des salariés dans l'entreprise (santé, sécurité) et hors de l'entreprise. Leur expertise en partie éclipsée par le jeu des acteurs en force autour d'elles les autorise à être régulièrement force de proposition auprès des décideurs institutionnels notamment pour un cadre juridique propice au dialogue environnemental; elles participent ainsi à la construction du premier rapport de développement durable en 2001. Au-delà de la construction d'une histoire syndicale, cette thèse contribue à la définition du concept de participation à la gestion et à celui de la gestion environnementale (Richard, 2012)This thesis intends to highlight, thanks to a longitudinal study, a double paradox between union, management and environment. The process that has enabled unions and more precisely confederations to gain legitimacy about environmental issues since the 1970's was reconstructed based on trade-union archives. In reply to the absurdities of society and owing to the responsibility for the employees they defend, confederations set up union environmental policies. These policies, despite being irregular, are a support to activist actions to protect jobs, working conditions (health, safety) and personal life conditions of workers. Their expertise, partly outshined by other powerful actors, allows them to often be proactive with institutional decision-makers especially in order to have a legal framework favourable to a dialogue concerning the environment. That's how they participated in the creation of the first sustainable development report in 2001. Beyond the construction of a union history, this thesis contributes to the definition of the concept of participation in management and environmental management (Richard, 2012)
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Fernandez, Marisa. "The enigma of the Spanish Civil War : the motives for Soviet intervention." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79763.
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The passions aroused by the Spanish Civil War have yet to recede. The extensive literature that has been produced and continues to be published testifies to this fact. From the outset of the war in Spain, numerous European countries actively participated in the Spanish conflict. However, Soviet military "aid" to the Republican government "has provoked more questions, mystification and bitter controversy than any other subject in the history of the Spanish Civil War."1 Although the Spanish Civil War took place almost 70 years ago, and the intervention or non-intervention of many countries in Spain is well documented, Soviet involvement remains an "enigma". Little is known of Stalin's motives in Spain and even less information has emerged on the Spanish gold reserves that were sent to the USSR. This dissertation attempts to come to terms with both of these questions and, with the help of new documentation, challenge previously-held assumptions regarding Soviet foreign policy in Spain.1Gerald Howson. Arms for Spain: The Untold Story of the Spanish Civil War. (New York: St Martins Press, 1998), 119.
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SANDU, ROXANA IONELA. "The European Union: Voting, Turnout and Legitimacy." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1429.
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Perseguendo politiche comuni per gli Stati membri, l'Unione Europea si è trasformata da unione puramente economica ad unione politica. Tuttavia, per quanto riguarda quest'ultimo aspetto, è stato fatto poco. Lo scetticismo è venuto a caratterizzare il clima politico dell'Unione Europea e l’elevata eterogeneità nei termini degli Stati membri hanno causato difficoltà nel processo decisionale.
Questa tesi si concentra sulle politiche europee da tre aspetti: la legittimità, che si riferisce al sostegno politico dei cittadini, il comportamento di voto e di partecipazione dei cittadini. Una delle questioni principali della ricerca riguarda l’esistenza delle basi per la genesi di veri e propri partiti politici europei, come via d’uscita dalla crisi di legittimità dell'Unione Europea. Ci si chiede poi quali sono i principali fattori che influenzano la partecipazione alle elezioni del Parlamento Europeo, dal momento che esso è l'unica fonte diretta di legittimità. Infine, si studiano le cause del gap in affluenza per le elezioni europee e nazionali, guardando la quota di voto del partito. L'argomento principale per l’esistenza dei partiti pan-europei è quello di difendere gli stessi interessi e valori su scala europea. I risultati empirici sottolineano che la polarizzazione di classe sociale, è già presente nei primi 12 Stati membri dell'UE, e anche nei nuovi Stati membri, mentre nelle elezioni del Parlamento europeo gli elettori votano sinceramente. In conclusione: l'Europa soddisfa la base per la creazione di partiti pan-Europei che difendino vere e proprie politiche europee, mirate ai gruppi sociali che rappresentano, come una possibile soluzione per la crisi di legittimità.By pursuing common policies for its Member States, the European Union moved from being a purely economic union, to being a political one as well. However, little has been done to tackle the latter aspect. Skepticism has come to characterize the political climate of the European Union and high heterogeneity in terms of Member States has induced difficulties in the decision-making process. This thesis focuses on the European Politics from three aspects: legitimacy, which refers to citizens’ political support, voting behavior and turnout. One of the main research questions we address is whether or not the basis for the existence of true European party politics exists, as a way out of the European Union legitimacy crisis. Then, we ask what are the main factors that influence electoral participation in the European Parliament elections since it is the only source of direct legitimacy. Lastly, we investigate what are the causes for the turnout gap across European and National elections, looking at the party vote share. The main argument for pan-European to exist is to defend the same values and interests European-wide. Empirical results point out that social class's polarization already exists in the initial 12 EU Member States, as well as later entries, while in the European Parliament elections voters cast their vote sincerely. We conclude that Europe fulfils the base requirement for the creation of true European politics, party politics and social groups' targeted-policies being a possible solution for the legitimacy crisis.
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Freed, Colin Mark. "Trade union participation in social and labour plan and corporate social responsibility planning and execution to placate community relations in the South African mining sector." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64845.
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Despite the vast amounts spent by the mining industry through corporate social responsibility (CSR) and Social and Labour Plan (SLP) initiatives (Davids, Guedes, & Kell, 2016), regular community protests continue to severely disrupt mining operations, leading to billions of rand in lost production (Seccombe, 2017). Simultaneously, trade unions, in an attempt to revitalise declining membership, have increasingly mobilised constituents around exactly those societal challenges that the CSR and SLP spend try to address (Gahan & Pekarek, 2013; Holgate, 2015; Ibsen & Tapia, 2017; Kelly, 2015b).
This research explores ways in which mining firms can including trade unions during the planning and execution of their CSR and/or SLP initiatives to alleviate community-related disruptions. It fills a gap in the literature on political CSR and social movement theory, which currently lacks insight into the mechanics of how, and conditions under which, a trade union and a mining firm would jointly craft and take responsibility for the success of firmsÕ CSR and SLP initiatives.
A total of ten semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with purposively selected participants: six with representatives of mining houses and four with representatives of trade unions whose members are employed in the mining sector. A thematic content analysis was used to analyse the interview transcripts.
The results indicate that there is a zone of mutual interest where both trade unions and companies can work jointly to address community-related disruption through collective CSR deliberation. However, to do so, business leaders need to work proactively to build the transparency and trust required to bring trade unions to the table. The study suggests that it may be possible to attribute partial responsibility for sound community relations to trade unions. This could be done by way of the first phase of firm-led union co-responsibilisation, followed by the methodical inclusion of trade unions in the process of collective diagnosis and prognosis to address community challenges. Trade unions have the potential to be a powerful ally in the quest to quell (mining) community-related disruptions.Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
za2018
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
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Steible, Bettina. "The participation of the EU and its member states in the development of the law of non-international armed conflicts-the French and Spanish cases." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/457737.
Full textAbstract:
Según los términos del Artículo 1 Común a los cuatro Convenios de Ginebra de 1949, los Estados partes quedan sujetos a una obligación de respetar y de hacer respetar el Derecho Internacional Humanitario (DIH). En este contexto, el objetivo de esta tesis es el de analizar si la Unión Europea (UE) y dos de sus Estados Miembros – Francia y España – ejecutan su obligación de hacer respetar el DIH. Concretamente, se trata de analizar cómo dos corpuses jurídicos originalmente indiferentes el uno al otro, el DIH y el Derecho de la Unión, llegaron a converger y entrelazarse. Se sostiene que la aplicación del DIH ha de ser analizada desde una perspectiva multinivel. Mientras el DIH depende de los Estados para asegurar su efectividad, el proceso de integración europea obliga a añadir el nivel supranacional: la UE. Esta configuración genera un círculo virtuoso de cumplimiento del DIH según el cual la autoridad jurídica del Artículo 1 Común queda reforzada, lo cual conlleva una mejor implementación del DIH. Asimismo, la UE proyecta sus valores en la escena internacional y se ve reforzada en su calidad de líder en materia de derechos humanos. Además, la UE constituye un nivel adicional tanto de garantía como de actuación para sus Estados Miembros, que la usan para dar efecto a sus obligaciones derivadas del DIH. Se sostiene pues, que la UE se ha establecido como un actor esencial del DIH en la escena internacional. La UE – un autoproclamado líder en materia de derechos humanos – y sus Estados Miembros no solamente quedan vinculados por el Artículo 1 Común, sino que han aceptado de ejecutar su mandato de manera efectiva en la escena internacional.Pursuant to Common Article 1 to the four Geneva Conventions of 1949, the State parties have the obligation to respect and to ensure respect for International Humanitarian Law (IHL). In this context, the objective of this thesis is to analyze whether the European Union (EU) and two of its Member States – France and Spain – have enforced their obligation to ensure respect for IHL. It seeks to scrutinize how two juris corpuses, namely IHL and EU law, which used to follow separate paths, appeared to converge and be interlinked. This thesis takes the view that the enforcement of IHL must must be analyzed from a multilevel perspective. While IHL rely on national law to be truly effective, the process of European integration makes it imperative to add the supranational level: the EU. This configuration generates a virtuous circle of compliance whereby the legal authority of Common Article 1 is reinforced, thus leading to the improved enforcement of IHL. In turn, the EU projects its values on the international scene and is ‘confortée’ as a leader in human rights. Likewise, the EU constitutes an additional level of guarantee and action for its Member States in the enforcement of their obligation arising under IHL. It is argued that the EU has established itself as an essential actor of IHL on the international scene. The EU – a self-proclaimed leader in human rights matters – and its Member States are not only bound by Common Article 1, but they also have accepted their mandate to effectively enforce it on the international scene.
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Michailidou, Asimina. "The European Union online the role of the internet in the European Union's public communication strategy and the emerging European public sphere." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2007. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/3055.
Full textAbstract:
The focus of this thesis is on the vertical Europeanisation of the online public debate and more specifically on the EU's online public communication strategy, i.e. the top-down process of the unmediated, direct, online communication between the EU and the general public. The empirical data has been collected in four stages, namely public communication policy-making; public communication policy implementation online; online public communication policy impact on key Internet audiences; and interviews with key senior Commission officials. The review of the EU public communication documents has shown that the Commission has unambiguously committed to facilitate direct communication with the EU public as part of the process of building the EU citizens' trust towards its institutions and in addressing the issues of transparency and democratic legitimation of the EU's decision-making process, while the Internet is seen as a key tool in facilitating direct communication. However, after monitoring three of the EU's official websites for a year and analyzing the views of 221 Internet users on the EU's Information and Communication strategy online, it has become evident that the Commission has not yet fulfilled these commitments. The interviews with key Commission officials have revealed that behind this gap between policy and online implementation lie: a) an institutional culture which conflicts with the aims of the Commission's public communication strategy; and b) constant institutional restructuring in the last six years. Very recently the Commission has begun to address some of the shortfalls in the online implementation of its public communication strategy, yet there is no indication that the results of the online debate regarding the EU's future will be incorporated in the decision-making process, while further study is required in the future in order to assess any change in the institutional culture in relation to its public communication strategy.
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Breindl, Yana. "Hacking the law: an analysis of internet-based campaigning on digital rights in the European Union." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209836.
Full textAbstract:
Digital rights activism constitutes an exemplary case of how internet affordances can be mobilised to engender political change. The values and principles stemming from the hacker imaginaire, and free and open source software practices, underpin digital rights activism, which uses the internet as a tool, object and platform for the protection of rights in the digital realm. The analysis focuses on how digital rights activists use and adapt the political affordances of the internet to intervene in European Union policy-making. Two original case studies of internet-based campaigning at the European level (the “No Software Patents” and the “Telecoms package” campaigns) provide in-depth insight into the campaigning processes and their impact upon parliamentary politics. The cases highlight the complementarity of online and offline collective action, by examining processes of open collaboration, information disclosure and internet-assisted lobbying. The success of the “Telecoms package” campaign is then assessed, along with the perspective of the targets: members and staff of the European Parliament.The belief in values of freedom, decentralisation, openness, creativity and progress inspires a particular type of activism, which promotes autonomy, participation and efficiency. The empirical evidence suggests that this set of principles can, at times, conflict with practices observed in the field. This has to do with the particular opportunity structure of the European Union and the characteristics of the movement. The EU favours functional integration of civil society actors who are expected to contribute technical and/or legal expertise. This configuration challenges internet-based protest networks that rely on highly independent and fluctuating engagement, and suffer from a lack of diversity and cohesion. The internet does not solve all obstacles to collective action. It provides, however, a networked infrastructure and tools for organising, coordinating and campaigning. Online and offline actions are not only supportive of each other. Internet-based campaigning can be successful once it reaches out beyond the internet, and penetrates the corridors of political institutions.
Doctorat en Information et communication
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished