Relevant bibliographies by topics / Unit energy consumption

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Unit energy consumption'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Unit energy consumption"

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Masood, Aftab Khan, Sher Muhammad, Shazia Iftikhar, Hammad Altaf, Wasi Ullah, and Faisal Shabbir. "Energy Efficiency in Textile Sector of Pakistan: Analysis of Energy Consumption of Air-Conditioning Unit." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 6, no. 7 (2015): 498–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijesd.2015.v6.644.

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Duan, Li Qiang, Ran Li, and Yong Ping Yang. "Study on the Energy Consumption Distribution of 1000MW USC Unit." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 1754–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.1754.

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In recent years, the 1000MW ultra-supercritical unit has developed rapidly for its high efficiency and low energy consumption in china. In order to further reduce the energy consumption, the energy consumption distribution of a typical ultra-supercritical unit is analyzed in detail, which can make contribution for the energy conservation of units. Based on the theory of unit energy consumption and according to the thermodynamic calculation of a 1000MW ultra super critical generating unit under the design condition and off-design loads, this paper reveals the distribution of energy consumption rules of the whole unit, including every subsystem. The results indicate that when the load deviates from the design load, the total energy consumption of system will increase.
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Tang, Ning H., N. Nirmalakhandan, and R. E. Speece. "Weir Aeration: Models and Unit Energy Consumption." Journal of Environmental Engineering 121, no. 2 (February 1995): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1995)121:2(196).

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Singh, Surendra, M. P. Singh, and Rupa Bakhshi. "Unit energy consumption for paddy-wheat rotation." Energy Conversion and Management 30, no. 2 (January 1990): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-8904(90)90022-q.

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Duan, Li Qiang, Xiang Pan, Ke Xin Huang, and Yong Ping Yang. "Energy Consumption Distribution Research of a 600MW Supercritical Power Plant under Various Conditions." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 1761–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.1761.

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To identify the potential of energy conversation in power units, the energy consumption distribution model of supercritical power generation unit under various conditions are established based on a 600MW supercritical power generation system. Methods of unit energy consumption are applied and the total additional energy consumption is calculated under various loads, which varies from 30% TMCR load to full TMCR load. The energy consumption distribution of every heater in the boiler, cylinders of the turbine and the whole plant unit are analyzed. And the distribution rules of energy consumption of various conditions are revealed. The effects of key parameters on unit energy consumption are also investigated.
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Wang, Ning Ling, Han Xu, Peng Fu, Dian Fa Wu, Zhi Ping Yang, and Yong Ping Yang. "Energy Consumption of Turbine Unit with Varying Exhaust Pressure under Off-Designed Conditions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 654 (October 2014): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.654.113.

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The exhaust pressure affects the economic performance of the whole power unit greatly. Based on the theory of energy specific fuel consumption (ESFC), the changing principle of energy consumption in a power unit was studied. In the turbine unit, the energy-consumption caused by topological factors was also discussed with different exhaust pressure. The results showed that the changing of exhaust pressure makes great effects on topological energy consumption of steam turbine. It makes great reference for the energy-saving diagnosis of the energy consumption for the overall power units.
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Younesi-Alamouti, Mohammad. "Factors affecting energy consumption and productivity in greenhouses." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 19, no. 4 (December 2021): e0209-e0209. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2021194-16865.

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Aim of study: To investigate the impact factors affecting the greenhouse environment on energy consumption and productivity. Area of study: Alborz province of Iran during the period 2018–2020. Material and methods: In this study, 18 active units of greenhouse owners in Alborz province of Iran that had necessary standards were identified. Then, upper and lower amplitudes of the variables affecting productivity and energy consumption in greenhouses were calculated using a type-2 fuzzy neural network, Matlab 2017 software. Area, temperature, energy exchange, environmental evapotranspiration and relative humidity were studied as indicators. Main results: With each unit of temperature, energy consumption and productivity increased by 0.737% and 0.741%, respectively; with each unit of energy exchange, they increased by 0.813% and 0.696%, respectively; with each unit of evaporation and transpiration of the environment, they increased by 0.593% and 0.869%, respectively; and with each unit of humidity, they increased by 0.398% and 0.509%, respectively. Research highlights: The factors affecting the greenhouse environment such as area, temperature, evapotranspiration and relative humidity had a significant effect on productivity in studying greenhouses and therefore increasing their productivity. According to the results, the model’s ability in energy consumption was better than that for energy efficiency prediction. Also, greenhouse ranking was done by FAHP method.
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Zhou, Yan, Hua Zhang, Wei Yan, Feng Ma, Gongfa Li, and Wenjun Chang. "Energy consumption component analysis mathematical model of grinder energy unit." International Journal of Computing Science and Mathematics 9, no. 6 (2018): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcsm.2018.096316.

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Li, Gongfa, Wenjun Chang, Feng Ma, Wei Yan, Hua Zhang, and Yan Zhou. "Energy consumption component analysis mathematical model of grinder energy unit." International Journal of Computing Science and Mathematics 9, no. 6 (2018): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcsm.2018.10017533.

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Chanson, Hubert. "Discussion: Weir Aeration: Models and Unit Energy Consumption." Journal of Environmental Engineering 122, no. 4 (April 1996): 332–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1996)122:4(332).

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Unit energy consumption"

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Liu, Xiang. "Design of a Modified Shipping Container as Modular Unit for the Minimally Structured & Modular Vertical Farm." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/347073.

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The specific aim of this study was to advance the development of the Minimally Structured & Modular Vertical Farm (MSM-VF), an original concept developed at The University of Arizona, by designing a specific modular unit made of a transparent-walled modified standard shipping container for use in climate locations represented by Los Angeles and New York City. The conclusions of the study included: (1) A workable range of temperatures (15 to 30°C) for cultivating tomato in Los Angeles and New York City could be achieved in a transparent-walled MSM-VF shipping-container modular unit by using a cover material of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and a heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) system with an airspeed of 2 m/s, inlet angle at 60° and outlet position located at the top of the back wall; (2) A workable range of temperatures (15 to 27°C) for cultivating lettuce in Los Angeles and New York City could be achieved by using a cover material of LDPE and an HVAC system with an air speed of 4m/s, inlet angle at 60° and outlet position located at the bottom of the back wall; (3) The annual energy demands of the plastic-walled MSM-VF shipping-container modular unit were far less than those for the opaque-walled control plant-factory unit in all cases, except in the one case of growing tomato in New York City. Still, in this one exception, the annual energy demand of growing tomato in New York City in the plastic-walled MSM-VF shipping-container modular unit of 557.65 kWh/m² (versus 325.34 kWh/m² for the opaque-walled control plant-factory unit) was significantly lower than that of 711.91 kWh/m², which was the average for 164 greenhouses occupying a total of 16444 m² operated by the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station (CUAES) in the state of New York (CUAES Greenhouses); and, (4) The annual energy demands of the plastic-walled MSM-VF shipping-container modular unit were either significantly lower or for one case approximately the same (773.84 kWh/m²) as that of the 711.91 kWh/m² for the New York greenhouses. By contrast, the annual energy demands of the opaque-walled control plant-factory unit significantly exceeded that of the 711.91 kWh/m² for the New York greenhouses by 170% for Los Angeles and by 126% for New York City, both for growing lettuce. The foregoing results provided significant and reasonable basis for the practicability of Minimally Structured & Modular Vertical Farms made of plastic-walled shipping-container modular units in Los Angeles and New York City as well as in many other mega-cities around the world with similar climates.
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Midea, Leonardo Granada. "Análise econômica financeira comparativa da autoprodução direta ou conectada no SIN - um estudo de caso." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-20072009-162454/.

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Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal verificar a viabilidade econômica financeira da autoprodução direta e interligada, isto é, elaborar uma comparação entre uma usina hidrelétrica ligada diretamente à unidade de consumo, e uma usina ligada ao Sistema Interligado Nacional, com potência e energia asseguradas. Para isso, foram utilizados, como premissas, uma indústria de alumínio que, como parte integrante dos grandes consumidores de energia brasileira, é um tipo de indústria eletro-intensiva, e emprega milhares de pessoas direta e indiretamente; também uma usina hidrelétrica, que neste trabalho foi a UHE Piraju, usina de concessão da CIA BRASILEIRA DE ALUMÍNIO, que gentilmente cedeu os dados de geração física real. Foram adotadas as seguintes metodologias para comparação da viabilidade, utilizando um cenário de geração e preços SPOT dos anos de 2006 e 2007: (i) Autoprodução Direta: Geração física real, comercializando excedentes e comprando energia do mercado ao preço SPOT quando necessário, e considerando todos os encargos e benefícios deste tipo de ligação; (ii) Autoprodução Conectada no SIN: Energia Assegurada Sazonalizada em 3 cenários distintos, Flat, com sazonalização moderada e sazonalização otimizada, considerando também os custos de conexão e encargos pertinentes para cada cenário. Os resultados apresentados mostram que, por pouca margem de diferença, foi mais vantajoso o cenário com a energia assegurada otimizada, porém, é possível verificar que, ponderando os resultados apresentados nos diversos cenários, verificamos que é mais viável a usina ligada diretamente à carga, pois a previsibilidade do mercado de preços de curto prazo é pequena, e dificilmente se acertaria com precisão os PLD´s registrados no ano seguinte ao da sazonalização. Contudo, o Decreto no 5.163, de 30 de Julho de 2004, através do Artigo 71, somente permite que usinas sejam ligadas diretamente à carga se estiverem dentro do mesmo sítio. O proposto é a inclusão de um novo parágrafo no Artigo 71 com condições de economicidade para a permissão da ligação da usina diretamente ao consumo.
The main goal of this study is to verify the economic financial feasibility of the direct self production, it means, of a hydropower unit directly connected to a consumption unit and to a hydropower unit connected to the SIN, with guaranteed power and energy. For this purpose, the study used as pattern an aluminum industry, which, as part of the Brazilian hall of the major energy users, a type of electric-intensive industry, and that involves thousands of employees directly and indirectly, as well as an hydroelectric power unit, which in this study was the UHE Piraju, the energy authorized supplier unit of the CIA BRASILEIRA DE ALUMÍNIO, who gently provided the real generation data. The following methodology were adopted to compare the feasibility, using a generation scenario and SPOT values of 2006 and 2007: (i) Direct Self Production: Real generation, trading leftovers and acquiring market energy at SPOT values, when required, and considering all costs and benefits of this type of connection; (ii) SIN Connected Self production: guaranteed seasoned energy in different scenarios, Flat, with seasonalization moderated and seasonalization optimized, also considering the connection and applicable costs for each scenario. The presented results indicated that, for a small difference, the most advantageous scenario was the one with optimized guaranteed energy, however, it is possible to verify that evaluating the presented results in the different cases, it was verified that is more feasible the unit directed connected to a demand, since the forecast of short term values market is small, and it would hardly precise ascertain with the registered PLD (Settlement Price for the Differences) in the following year of the seasonalization. However, the Act n. 5.163, July 30, 2004, through the Article 71 only allows power units to be connected to the demand if they are in the same site. The proposal is the inclusion of a new paragraph in the Article 71 with economic conditions in order to allow the connection between the power unit to the consumption.
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Fikejsl, Tomáš. "Technická zařízení budov v budovách s téměř nulovou spotřebou." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265497.

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The thesis deals with the issue will be nearly zero energy. The theoretical part is divided into several chapters. Describes the requirements of applicable legislation of the Czech Republic and the EU and the application of renewable energy in these buildings. The third and last part serves as a basis for part of the experiment. Calculation section applies theoretical knowledge into practice. The subject has become a new residential building in which they are designed to ensure the technical equipment required internal environment. The proposal concerns the heating, ventilation, cooling, domestic hot water and lighting. At the end are attached graphic of energy performance certificates (PENB) and evaluated the economic and ecological point of view. The experiment deals with the measurement of the internal microclimate administrative building type in Brno, with regard to the requirements of current legislation of the Czech Republic.
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Kwakye, Gifty. "GREEN PRACTICES FOR SURGICAL UNITS." Yale University, 2010. http://ymtdl.med.yale.edu/theses/available/etd-03152010-165830/.

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The study aimed to identify leading practices to promote environmentally friendly and efficient efforts in surgical healthcare. Despite widespread enthusiasm for going green in the U.S. economy, little information is available to inform the medical community on the effort. We explore safe and efficient strategies for hospitals and healthcare providers to protect the environment while delivering high-quality care. As part of the study design, we performed a systematic review of the literature using relevant Pubmed search terms and surveyed a panel of hospital managers and CEOs of healthcare organizations pursuing green initiatives. Recommendations were itemized and reviewed with each panelist for a consensus agreement. At the end, we identified forty-three published articles and obtained interview data from the 7-member expert panel. Five green recommendations for surgical practices were identified: (1) OR Waste Reduction and Segregation; (2) Environmentally Preferable Purchasing; (3) Energy Consumption Management; (4) Pharmaceutical Waste Management; (5) Reprocessing of Single Use Medical Devices. We concluded that the medical community has a large opportunity to implement green practices in surgical units. These practices can have significant benefits to both the healthcare community and the environment.
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Hong, Sunpyo. "Modeling performance and power for energy-efficient GPGPU computing." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45922.

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The objective of the proposed research is to develop an analytical model that predicts performance and power for many-core architecture and further propose a mechanism, which leverages the analytical model, to enable energy-efficient execution of an application. The key insight of the model is to investigate and quantify a complex relationship that exists between the thread-level parallelism and memory-level parallelism for an application on a given many-core architecture. Two metrics are proposed: memory warp parallelism (MWP), which refers to the number of overlapping memory accesses per core, and computation warp parallelism (CWP), which characterizes an application type. By using these metrics in addition to the architectural and application parameters, the overall application performance is produced. The model uses statically-available parameters such as instruction-mixture information and input-data size, and the prediction accuracy is 13.3% for the GPU-computing benchmarks. Another important aspect of using many-core architecture is reducing peak power and achieving energy savings. By using the proposed integrated power and performance (IPP) framework, the results showed that different optimization points exist for GPU architecture depending on the application type. The work shows that by activating fewer cores, 10.99% of run-time energy consumption can be saved for the bandwidth-limited benchmarks, and a projection of 25.8% energy savings is predicted when power-gating at core level is employed. Finally, the model is shifted to throughput using OpenCL for targeting more variety of processors. First, multiple outputs relating to performance are predicted, including upper-bound and lower-bound values. Second, by using the model parameters, an application can be categorized into a different category, each with its own suggestions for improving performance and energy efficiency. Third, the bandwidth saturation point accuracy is significantly improved by considering independent memory accesses and updating the performance model. Furthermore, a trade-off analysis using architectural and application parameters is straightforward, which provides more insights to improve energy efficiency. In the future, a computer system will contain hundreds of heterogeneous cores. Hence, it is mandatory that a workload gets scheduled to an efficient core or distributed on both types of cores. A preliminary work by using the analytical model to do scheduling between CPU and GPU is demonstrated in the appendix. Since profiling phase is not required, the kernel code can be transformed to run more efficiently on the specific architecture. Another extension of the work regarding the relationship between the speed-up and energy efficiency is mathematically derived. Finally, future research ideas are presented regarding the usage of the model for programmer, compiler, and runtime for future heterogeneous systems.
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Bhargava, Arpita. "Investigation of the Effect of Functional Units/Connectivity Arrangement on Energy Consumption of Reconfigurable Architectures Using an Interactive Design Framework." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1011763/.

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Allocation of expensive resources, (such as Multiplier) onto the CGRA has been of interest from quite some time. For these architectural solutions to fulfill the designers' requirements, it is of utmost importance that the design offers high performance, low power consumption, and effective area utilization. The allocation problem is studied using the UntangledII gaming environment, which has been developed at the Reconfigurable Computing Lab at UNT to discover the design of custom domain-specific architectures. This thesis explores several case-studies to investigate the arrangement of functional units and interconnects to achieve a low power, high performance, and flexible heterogeneous designs that can fit for a suite of applications. In the later part, several human mapping strategies of top and bottom players to design a custom domain-specific architecture are presented. Some common trends that were examined while analyzing the mapping strategies of the players are also discussed.
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Michaelsson, Ludvig, and Sebastian Quiroga. "Design and evaluation of an adaptive dairy cow indoor positioning system : A study of the trade-off between position accuracy and energy consumption in mobile units with extreme battery life." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-190203.

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With growing farm sizes, increasing work load, and increasing social and legislative demands for loose housing, health monitoring of farm animals is playing a bigger role for farmers worldwide. A type of information that can be used to determine the health status of dairy cows is positional data. However, since dairy cows spend a lot of time indoors in protection from various weather conditions or to perform other activities, GPS solutions are not sufficient. Moreover, the devices that the dairy cows carry must have a long battery life in order to avoid frequent system maintenance. This thesis researches possible system solutions to enable indoor positioning of dairycows within loose housed freestall barns. The proposed system configuration is then optimized in terms of energy consumption, and the trade-off between dynamic energy consumption and position accuracy is investigated. Previous research has focused on one or the other, and the development of systems with extreme battery life has not been a priority. The proposed system uses a proprietary 433MHz radio frequency band to estimate the dairy cows’ positions, and accelerometer data to adaptively alter estimation frequency to minimize energy consumption. After the optimization process, the proposed system is shown to have a battery life of at least two years with an accuracy of approximately 7–8m and a precision of 11–12 mutilizing four anchor nodes in an experimental barn. The theorized correlation of the position accuracy and energy consumption could not be found. Keywords: indoor positioning, dairy cows, weighted non-linear least squares, energyconsumption, agriculture, system design, optimization, positioning accuracy, Sub GHzradio, battery life
Med växande gårdsstorlekar, ökande arbetsbelastning, påtryckningar från samhället och lagstiftning för lösdrift, gör att hälsoövervakning av gårdsdjur spelar en större roll för jordbrukare världen över. En typ av information som kan användas för att bestämma mjölkkors hälsa är positioneringsdata. Eftersom mjölkkor spenderar mycket tid inomhus för att skyddas mot väder, eller för att utföra andra aktiviteter, så lämpar sig inte lösningar baserade på GPS. Utöver det så krävs det att enheterna som korna bär med sig har en lång batteritid för att undvika frekventa systemunderhåll. Den här masteruppsatsen undersöker potentiella systemlösningar för att möjliggöra inomhuspositionering av mjölkkor i lösdriftsladugårdar. Den valda konfigurationen är sedan optimerad med avseende på energikonsumtion. Därefter undersöks förhållandet mellan dynamisk energikonsumtion och lokaliseringsnoggrannhet, tidigare forskning har fokuserat på antingen eller. Utvecklingen av system med lång livslängd har inte heller varit en prioritet. Det föreslagna systemet använder sig utav proprietära radiotekniker på 433MHz-bandet för att skatta mjölkkornas position. Dessutom används accelerometerdata till att adaptivt justera skattningsfrekvensen för att minimera energikonsumtion. Efter optimeringsprocessen har det föreslagna systemet en batteritid på minst två år, med en noggrannhet på ungefär 7–8m och en precision på 11–12m, när endast fyra ankarnoder användes i en experimentladugård. Den teoretiserade korrelationen mellan lokaliseringsnoggrannhet och energikonsumtion kunde ej påvisas. Nyckelord: inomhuspositionering, mjölkkor, viktad icke-linjär minstakvadratmetod,energikonsumtion, jordbruk, systemdesign, optimering, lokaliseringsnoggrannhet, SubGHz radio, batteritid
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Guirdarlal, Vanesha. "Vulnérabilité et changement des comportements de consommation. : recherche sur les consommateurs d'énergie en France et au Royaume-Uni." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU2003/document.

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Cette thèse porte sur le phénomène de vulnérabilité qui fait référence à une situation de pauvreté potentielle dans laquelle un consommateur peut se retrouver à tout moment de sa vie lorsqu’il est confronté à différents aléas (Baker, Gentry, Rittenburg, 2005). Le profil des consommateurs vulné-rables est difficilement appréhendable par une simple catégorisation tant les dimensions de la vulné-rabilité sont multiples. Nous nous intéressons dans cette recherche à cette frange de consommateurs encore méconnue qui se retrouve dans l’obligation de développer des stratégies coping (Hamilton, Catterall, 2008, 2005) pour maintenir un lien à la consommation. Nous nous focalisons sur la con-sommation énergétique et menons notre recherche en France et au Royaume-Uni, deux fortement engagés en matière de protection des consommateurs vulnérables. Dans la mesure où nous cherchons à décrire l’évolution des comportements de consommation, nous convenons de la mise en place d’une démarche qualitative basée premièrement sur des interviews semi-directives auprès d’acteurs locaux puis des entretiens auprès des consommateurs vulnérables. Au cours de cette deuxième investigation, nous recourons à l’utilisation d’une double méthode : la mé-thode projective des récits immersifs et les entretiens phénoménologiques. Ce choix nous permet, d’une part d’éviter la stigmatisation de nos interlocuteurs et d’autre part de cerner au mieux l’évolution de leurs comportements de consommation. L’interprétation des résul-tats nous permet de mener une discussion sur le consommateur vulnérable et la manière dont il appréhende sa situation. Ce dernier développe de nombreuses compétences issues de la mobilisation de différentes ressources pour faire face à une situation difficile. Ce résul-tat en matière de capacité à mobiliser des compétences invite à réinterroger les fondamen-taux de la vulnérabilité. Les qualificatifs de démuni ou d’assisté, longtemps utilisés pour dé-signer cette frange de consommateurs semble désormais injustifié. Les consommateurs vul-nérables sont capables de réactivité et de réflexivité au même titre que l’ensemble des con-sommateurs. Nous concluons enfin cette recherche par l’identification d’actions pouvant être adoptées par les acteurs confrontés à l’émergence de la vulnérabilité
This thesis focuses on the vulnerability issue that refers to a situation of potential poverty that can affect any consumer (Baker, Gentry, Rittenburg, 2005). The profile of vulnerable consumers is hard-ly apprehendable due to the multiple dimensions of vulnerability. In this research we focus on these unknown consumers who face the obligation to develop coping strategies (Hamilton, Catterall, 2008, 2005) in order to maintain their consumption. We concentrate on energy consumption and conduct our work in France and in the United Kingdom, two countries highly engaged in the pro-tection of vulnerable consumers. As we seek to describe changes in consumer behavior, we agree to establish a qualitative research based first on semi-structured interviews with local actors, and inter-views with vulnerable consumers. During the second investigation, we decide to use a dual ap-proach: projective method and phenomenological interviews. This choice helps to avoid stigmatiza-tion of respondents and contributes to identify changes in consumption patterns. At the end of this research, we conduct a discussion about the vulnerable consumer and the way he copes with his life conditions. Vulnerable consumers develop many skills from the mobilization of various resources to deal with a difficult situation. This result invites to reconsider the fundamental of vulnerability. The terms of needy or assisted people used to describe these consumers seem now unjustified. Vulnera-ble consumers are able to react as all consumers. We conclude this research by identifying actions than can be adopted by organizations facing the increase of vulnerability
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Anselmi, Hélène. "Modélisation et évaluation environnementale d’une unité de captage de CO₂ intégrée à un procédé industriel." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0080.

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Limiter les émissions de dioxyde de carbone (CO2) est devenu un enjeu d’envergure internationale, notamment pour les industries des secteurs énergétique, chimique et métallurgique. À cette fin, des technologies de captage de CO2 ont été développées durant ces dernières décennies. Dans cette étude, nous nous intéressons à trois types de technologies de captage de CO2 : par absorption chimique à la MEA, par séparation membranaire et par adsorption sur charbon actif. Le CO2 considéré est émis par une centrale à charbon puis directement valorisé au sein d’un procédé de fabrication sur le même site. L’objectif de cette étude est de quantifier les bénéfices environnementaux de l’installation d’une technologie de captage de CO2, en comparaison à la configuration actuelle, sans captage du CO2. Notre approche associe modélisation systémique des procédés et analyse de cycle de vie (ACV). La méthodologie adoptée consiste à modéliser le système complet (la centrale, le procédé de fabrication et les différentes unités de captage) en utilisant un logiciel de diagrammes de flux (Aspen Plus), puis à déterminer les impacts environnementaux par une ACV. Les résultats montrent que le procédé par adsorption chimique à la MEA est fortement pénalisé par l’utilisation du solvant, tant en ce qui concerne la consommation énergétique que les impacts environnementaux. Le procédé membranaire montre des impacts environnementaux importants, malgré une consommation énergétique bien plus faible, en raison de l’utilisation massive de polymères (matériaux membranaires). Enfin, le procédé par adsorption au charbon actif présente des impacts environnementaux moins élevés que les deux autres procédés dans la grande majorité des catégories d’impact
Limiting carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is a major global issue, particularly for the energy, chemical and metallurgical industries. To this end, CO2 capture technologies have been developed in recent decades. In this study, we focused on three types of CO2 capture technologies: chemical absorption by MEA, membrane separation and activated carbon adsorption. The CO2 considered is emitted by a coal-fired power station and then directly valorized within a manufacturing process on the same site. The objective of this study was to quantify the environmental benefits of installing a CO2 capture technology in comparison to the current configuration, without CO2 capture. Our approach combined process modeling and life cycle assessment. The methodology adopted was to model the complete system (the power plant, the manufacturing process and the various capture units) using a flowsheeting software (Aspen Plus), then to determine the environmental impacts by LCA. The results show that the MEA chemical adsorption process is strongly penalized by the use of the solvent, both regarding the energy consumption and the environmental impacts. The membrane process exhibits significant environmental impacts, despite a much lower energy consumption, due to the massive use of polymers (membrane materials). Finally, the activated carbon adsorption process has lower environmental impacts than the other two processes in the vast majority of impact categories
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Binkley, Clarissa. "Energy Consumption Tends of Multi-unit Residential Buildings in the City of Toronto." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/33339.

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The purpose of this research is to determine the average energy intensity of multi-unit residential buildings (MURBs) in Toronto, and evaluate whether certain building characteristics influence energy intensity. This information is particularly important in the Toronto market. Relative to the city’s population, Toronto has an unusually high proportion of MURBs with more than half of residential dwellings in apartment buildings. Additionally, Toronto MURBs are significant consumers of energy and produce an estimated 1.3M tonnes of CO2e each year. The ultimate goal is to assess the most efficient building retrofit measures. Energy consumption data for Toronto MURBs were collected and weather normalized. Correlations between the energy data and the building characteristics were examined. Window characteristics and heating system type were found to have the most significant influence on energy intensity. Establishing energy consumption characteristics of MURBs is the first step towards improving the energy efficiency of Toronto’s MURBs stock.
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Books on the topic "Unit energy consumption"

1

Sachs, Harvey M. Unit heaters deserve attention for commercial programs. Washington, D.C: American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, 2003.

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Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation., ed. Energy and water consumption load profiles in multi-unit residential buildings. [Ottawa]: CMHC, 2005.

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K, Prasad Deo, Rudder Deborah, University of New South Wales. Solar Architecture Research Unit., University of New South Wales. Energy Research, Development, and Information Centre., and Electricity Commission of New South Wales., eds. Energy efficiency and quality office environment: Proceedings of a conference organised by Solar Architecture Research Unit and Energy Research, Development, and Information Centre. Kensington, N.S.W: ERDIC, 1990.

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Crane, Hewitt, Edwin Kinderman, and Ripudaman Malhotra. A Cubic Mile of Oil. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195325546.001.0001.

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One cubic mile of oil (CMO) corresponds very closely to the world's current total annual consumption of crude oil. The world's total annual energy consumption - from all energy sources- is currently 3.0 CMO. By the middle of this century the world will need between 6 and 9 CMO of energy per year to provide for its citizens. Adequate energy is needed remove the scourge of poverty and provide food, clothing, and shelter for the people around the world, and more will be needed for measures to mitigate the potential effects of climate change such as building dikes and desalinating water. A Cubic Mile of Oil describes the various energy sources and how we use them, projects their future contributions, and delineates what it would take to develop them to annually produce a CMO from each of them. The requirement for additional energy in the future is so daunting that we will need to use all resources. We also examine how improved efficiency and conservation measures can reduce future demand substantially, and help distinguish approaches that make a significant impact as opposed to merely making us feel good. Use of CMO eliminates a multitude of units like tons of coal, gallons of oil, and cubic feet of gas; obviates the need for mind-numbing multipliers such as billions, trillions, and quadrillions; and replaces them with an easy-to-understand volumetric unit. It evokes a visceral response and allows experts, policy makers and the general public alike to form a mental picture of the magnitude of the challenge we face. In the absence of an appreciation of the scale of the problem, we risk squandering efforts and resources in pursuing options that will not meet tomorrow's global energy needs. We must make critical choices, and a common understandable language is essential for a sustained meaningful dialog.
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Brown, Marilyn A., and Benjamin K. Sovacool. Theorizing the Behavioral Dimension of Energy Consumption. Edited by Debra J. Davidson and Matthias Gross. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190633851.013.9.

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This chapter focuses on the well-documented misalignment between energy-related behaviors and the personal values of consumers, which has become a major source of angst among policymakers. Despite widespread pro-environmental or green attitudes, consumers frequently purchase non-green alternatives. The chapter identifies 50 theoretical approaches that can be divided almost equally into two types: those that emphasize beliefs, attitudes, and values; and those that also consider contextual factors and social norms. Three principles of intervention are recommended: provide credible and targeted information at points of decision; identify and address the key factors inhibiting and promoting the target behaviors in particular populations; and rigorously evaluate programs to provide credible estimates of impact and opportunities for improvement. The chapter recommends that research on the value-action gap be expanded beyond the traditional focus on individuals to include decision-making units such as households, boards of directors, commercial buying units, and government procurement groups.
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Eriksson, Olle, Anders Bergman, Lars Bergqvist, and Johan Hellsvik. Ultrafast Switching Dynamics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788669.003.0011.

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The time-integrated amount of data and stored information, is doubled roughly every eighteen months, and since the majority of the worlds information is stored in magnetic media, the possibility to write and retrieve information in a magnetic material at ever greater speed and with lower energy consumption, has obvious benefits for our society. Hence the seemingly simple switching of a magnetic unit, a bit, is a crucial process which defines how efficiently information can be stored and retrieved from a magnetic memory. Of particular interest here are the concepts of ultrafast magnetism and all-optical control of magnetism which have in recent decades become the basis for an intense research field. The motivation is natural; the mechanisms behind these phenomena are far from trivial and the technological implications are huge.
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Book chapters on the topic "Unit energy consumption"

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Kruppok, Kurt, C. Gutenkunst, R. Kriesten, and E. Sax. "Prediction of energy consumption for an automatic ancillary unit regulation." In 17. Internationales Stuttgarter Symposium, 41–56. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-16988-6_8.

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Ma, GuoSheng, and XiaoBo Xia. "Design of Building Energy Consumption Acquisition Unit Based on ARM Processor." In Advances in Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, 645–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31516-9_104.

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Ma, Liangdong, Fengmei Lu, Jili Zhang, and Yiying Xu. "Research on Energy Consumption Data Characteristics of Office Building VRV Air Conditioning Outdoor Unit Based on Energy Consumption Monitoring Platform." In Environmental Science and Engineering, 1325–35. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9528-4_134.

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Jiang, Yuanyuan, and Shaoxiang Zhou. "The Unit Fuel Consumption Analysis and Energy Saving of the Building Heating." In Challenges of Power Engineering and Environment, 1324–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76694-0_249.

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Xu, Dan, Daoliang Li, Biaoqing Fei, Yang Wang, and Fa Peng. "A GPRS-Based Low Energy Consumption Remote Terminal Unit for Aquaculture Water Quality Monitoring." In Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture VII, 492–503. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54341-8_52.

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Li, Wen, Sami Kara, and Bernard Kornfeld. "Developing Unit Process Models for Predicting Energy Consumption in Industry: A Case of Extrusion Line." In Re-engineering Manufacturing for Sustainability, 147–52. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4451-48-2_24.

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Washizu, Ayu, and Satoshi Nakano. "An Assessment of Carbon Taxation by Input–Output Analysis: Upstream or Downstream?" In Economics, Law, and Institutions in Asia Pacific, 151–79. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6964-7_9.

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Abstract To analyze the ripple effects of CO2 emissions from the introduction of renewable energy power plants, this study developed input–output tables for analysis of next-generation energy systems (IONGES). The results revealed that the environmental benefits obtained from investing in power plants of the same capacity vary significantly depending on the type of renewable energy. Using the IONGES, under assumptions of three carbon taxation methods (upstream, midstream, and downstream), we calculated the taxable CO2 emissions induced when producing each good or service and estimated the carbon tax burden associated with the final demand. We found that, in the upstream method, the taxation effects of one unit of carbon tax is concentrated in energy goods such as coal products and petroleum basic, while the effects are relatively dispersed in the downstream taxation method. If renewable energy is added to the government target level in 2030, taxable CO2 emissions will decrease by 12–13.3%. Compared with the upstream taxation method, in the midstream and downstream methods, the CO2 emissions induced by each final demand are distributed more evenly across various goods and services. Compared to the downstream taxation method, upstream taxation leads to higher CO2 emissions from exports, but lower CO2 emissions from household consumption. This is because energy-intensive industries such as machinery have high export ratios. We analyzed which expenditure categories contribute to the carbon tax burden associated with household consumption. In the case of upstream taxation, households mainly focus on reducing electricity consumption; in the case of downstream taxation, households reduce consumption of various energy-intensive goods and services.
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Li, Cuimin, Jin Li, Bai Yu, and Lei Wang. "A Low Energy Consumption Multi-sensor Data Fusion Method for Fan Coil Unit Thermal Performance Test." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 399–406. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73317-3_46.

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Qureshi, Farhan, Wen Li, Sami Kara, and Christoph Herrmann. "Unit Process Energy Consumption Models for Material Addition Processes: A Case of the Injection Molding Process." In Leveraging Technology for a Sustainable World, 269–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29069-5_46.

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Antoniucci, Valentina, Adriano Bisello, and Giuliano Marella. "Urban Density and Household-Electricity Consumption: An Analysis of the Italian Residential Building Stock." In Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions, 129–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57764-3_9.

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AbstractThe influence of urban density on household electricity consumption is still scarcely investigated, despite the growing attention to building energy performance and the electrification of heating systems advocated at the European level. While the positive correlation between urban sprawl developments and the increasing of marginal costs of public infrastructures, services, amenities, public, and private transports are known, there has been little research on the relationship between urban form and electricity consumption in residential building stock. The present work aims to contribute to filling the gap in the existing literature, presenting the early results of ongoing research on the role of urban form in the household electricity consumption in Italy and, consequently, the related energy costs. The building typology and, in general, the structure of urban dwellings, is crucial to forecasting the electricity requirements, taking into account single housing units and their spatial composition in multi-family homes and neighborhoods. After a brief literature review on the topic, the contribution presents empirical research on the electricity consumption at the municipal level in 140 Italian cities, analyzing the diverse consumption patterns under different conditions of urban density to verify whether there exists a significant statistical correlation between them. The analysis confirms that there is a statistically negative correlation between urban density and the log of electricity consumption, even if its incidence is very limited. Further investigation may highlight whether there exists a threshold for which this relationship would be reversed, explaining the higher electricity consumption in dense metropolitan areas.
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Conference papers on the topic "Unit energy consumption"

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Wei, Bing, and Huayi Yang. "Energy Consumption Analysis of Residential Central Air Conditioning Systems." In ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer and InterPACK09 Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2009-90201.

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Nowadays the energy crisis has been more and more severe all over the world. In China there is enormous energy source, but due to the large number of population, the average possession of the total energy is lower, and the energy supply is relatively less. Enormous energy consumption of air conditioning systems in the residential buildings makes the energy conservation more important. The residential central air conditioning systems are being widely used due to its advantages of easy control and low operating cost. But there are still many problems to be resolved, of which the energy consumption of the residential central air-conditioning systems is a hot issue. The main cold and heat sources for residential central air conditioning systems are air-cooled heat pump unit, household gas air conditioning unit, air-cooled chiller unit/gas-fired boiler and water loop heat pump unit. The terminal facilities suited for the anterior three units are the fan coil units, and the terminal of the last water loop heat pump unit is normally indoor unit. The combined utilization of the heat and cold source units with their terminal units keep the indoor environment in desired state all the year. In this paper, based on an actual example, the basic principles of four systems mentioned above are outlined and analyzed, and four schemes are compared. By using the method of equivalent weight full load operation time, the annual energy consumptions of the four schemes are calculated and analyzed. Comparing the annual primary energy consumption of four schemes, the following conclusions can be drawn: in the case studied, the energy consumption of the household gas-fired air conditioning unit with fan coil system is the maximum, the consumption of the air-cooled chiller unit/gas-fired boiler with fan coil system is the next, then is the air-cooled heat pump with fan coil system, and that of the water loop heat pump system is the minimum. It can be observed that the water loop heat pump system is the optimal one and is the best on energy conservation. Through the study of this paper, the minimum energy consumption system is chosen so as to give the references for the energy savings of air-conditioning systems in the practice.
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Noureddine, Adel, Romain Rouvoy, and Lionel Seinturier. "Unit testing of energy consumption of software libraries." In SAC 2014: Symposium on Applied Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2554850.2554932.

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Kalla, Devi K., Samantha Corcoran, Janet Twomey, and Michael Overcash. "Energy Consumption in Discrete Part Production." In ASME 2011 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2011-50163.

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It is widely recognized that industrial production inevitably results in an environmental impact. Energy consumption during production is responsible for a part of this impact, but is often not provided in cradle-to-gate life cycles. Transparent description of the transformation of materials, parts, and chemicals into products is described herein as a means to improve the environmental profile of products and manufacturing machine. This paper focuses on manufacturing energy and chemicals/materials required at the machine level and provides a methodology to quantify the energy consumed and mass loss for simple products in a manufacturing setting. That energy data are then used to validate the new approach proposed by (Overcash et.al, 2009a, and 2009b) for drilling unit processes. The approach uses manufacturing unit processes as the basis for evaluating environmental impacts at the manufacturing phase of a product’s life cycle. Examining manufacturing processes at the machine level creates an important improvement in transparency which aids review and improvement analyses.
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Perez-Romero, Maximo, Javier Gallardo-Lozano, Enrique Romero-Cadaval, and Miguel-Angel Guerrero-Martinez. "Optimized energy consumption management for residential applications controlled by a Local Energy Management Unit." In IECON 2013 - 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2013.6700119.

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Bi, Qingsheng, Zhiping Song, and Yongping Yang. "Unit Consumption Analysis Model of Distributed Combined Cooling, Heat and Power System." In 2009 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/appeec.2009.4918950.

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Okamoto, S. "Energy Consumption and Technical Potential of Energy Saving in a Hospital." In ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54017.

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This paper describes a study starting from an analysis of typical energy demand profiles in a hospital setting followed by the feasibility study of a cogeneration system (CGS). The concept is a future autonomous system for the combined generation of electrical, heating and cooling energy in the hospital. The driving cogeneration units are two high-efficiency gas engines; this is used to produce the electrical and heat energy. Gas engine is used as a driving unit because of high needs for electrical and heating energy. The natural gas-fuelled reciprocating engine is used to generate 735kW of power. In our case electrical energy will be used only in the Hospital. A deficit in electricity can be also purchased from the public network. The generated steam will be used to drive three steam-fired absorption chillers and delivered to individual consumers of heat. This system is capable of doing simultaneous heating and cooling. No obstacles were recognized for the technical feasibility of CGS. The average ratio between electric and thermal load in the Hospital is suitable to make CGS system operate. A feasibility analysis performed for a non-optimized CGS system predicted a large potential for primary energy saving.
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Goodman, David, Jie Chen, Ali Razban, and Jing Li. "Identification of Key Parameters Affecting Energy Consumption of an Air Handling Unit." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66258.

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Air handling unit system (AHU) is one of the series of mechanical systems that regulate and circulate the air through the ducts inside the buildings. In a commercial setting, air handling units accounted for more than 50% of the total energy cost of the building in 2013. The energy efficiency of the system depends on multiple factors. The set points of discharge air temperature and supply air static pressure are important ones. ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010 requires multi-zone HVAC systems to implement supply air temperature reset. Energy is wasted if the set points are set constant. However, the waste has never been quantified. The objectives of this study were to (1) develop and validate a mathematical model, which can be used to predict the system performance in response to various controls, specifically the set-point control strategies, and associated energy consumption, and (2) to recommend measures for optimizing the AHU performance by optimizing the setting schedules. In this research, a gray box model was established to evaluate the performance of an AHU. Individual components were modeled using energy and mass balance governing equations that represent the inherent physical processes and interactions with other components. Engineering Equation Solver (EES) was selected for system simulation due to its capabilities of finding the solutions of a large set of complicated equations. The model was validated using two sets of sub hourly real time data. The model performance was evaluated employing Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD). The model was used to create the baseline of energy consumption with constant set points and predict the energy savings using two different reset schedules. The AHU, which serves the entire basement of a campus building on IUPUI campus, was used for this study. It normally has constant set points of discharge air temperature and supply air static pressure. The AHU was monitored using sensors. The data were filtered and transferred to a Building Automation system. Operation information and design specifications of the AHU were collected. Two reset schedules were investigated to determine the better control strategy to minimize energy consumption of the AHU. Discharge air temperature was reset based on return air temperature (RA-T) with a linear reset schedule from March 4 to March 7. Static pressure of the supply air was reset based on the widest open Variable Air Volume (VAV) box damper position from March 20 to March 23. Additionally, uncertainty propagation method was used to identify the dominant parameters affecting the energy consumption. Results indicated that 17% energy savings was achieved using discharge air temperature reset while the energy consumption reduced by 7% using static pressure reset. The results also indicated that outside air temperature, supply airflow rate and return air temperature were the key parameters that impact the overall energy consumption.
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Hui-jie Wang, Chun-fa Zhang, Ning Zhao, and Zhi-ping song. "Sensitive analysis of energy consumption of operating parameters for coal-fired unit." In 2008 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (ICMLC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmlc.2008.4620426.

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Huzmiev, I. K., and Z. Ah Chipirov. "Energy consumption powered by graphics processing units (GPU) in response to the number of operating computing unit." In 2016 2nd International Conference on Industrial Engineering, Applications and Manufacturing (ICIEAM). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icieam.2016.7910995.

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Fu, Kening, Yanbing Jia, Xiaoqing Han, Yingping Xiang, and Peng Wang. "Study on Wind Power Consumption Capacity of Power Grid Considering Risk and Unit Commitment." In 2018 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesgm.2018.8586402.

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Reports on the topic "Unit energy consumption"

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Harter, Rachel M., Pinliang (Patrick) Chen, Joseph P. McMichael, Edgardo S. Cureg, Samson A. Adeshiyan, and Katherine B. Morton. Constructing Strata of Primary Sampling Units for the Residential Energy Consumption Survey. RTI Press, May 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2017.op.0041.1705.

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The 2015 Residential Energy Consumption Survey design called for stratification of primary sampling units to improve estimation. Two methods of defining strata from multiple stratification variables were proposed, leading to this investigation. All stratification methods use stratification variables available for the entire frame. We reviewed textbook guidance on the general principles and desirable properties of stratification variables and the assumptions on which the two methods were based. Using principal components combined with cluster analysis on the stratification variables to define strata focuses on relationships among stratification variables. Decision trees, regressions, and correlation approaches focus more on relationships between the stratification variables and prior outcome data, which may be available for just a sample of units. Using both principal components/cluster analysis and decision trees, we stratified primary sampling units for the 2009 Residential Energy Consumption Survey and compared the resulting strata.
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