Journal articles: 'Unit energy consumption'

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Masood, Aftab Khan, Sher Muhammad, Shazia Iftikhar, Hammad Altaf, Wasi Ullah, and Faisal Shabbir. "Energy Efficiency in Textile Sector of Pakistan: Analysis of Energy Consumption of Air-Conditioning Unit." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 6, no. 7 (2015): 498–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijesd.2015.v6.644.

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Duan, Li Qiang, Ran Li, and Yong Ping Yang. "Study on the Energy Consumption Distribution of 1000MW USC Unit." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 1754–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.1754.

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In recent years, the 1000MW ultra-supercritical unit has developed rapidly for its high efficiency and low energy consumption in china. In order to further reduce the energy consumption, the energy consumption distribution of a typical ultra-supercritical unit is analyzed in detail, which can make contribution for the energy conservation of units. Based on the theory of unit energy consumption and according to the thermodynamic calculation of a 1000MW ultra super critical generating unit under the design condition and off-design loads, this paper reveals the distribution of energy consumption rules of the whole unit, including every subsystem. The results indicate that when the load deviates from the design load, the total energy consumption of system will increase.

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Tang, Ning H., N. Nirmalakhandan, and R. E. Speece. "Weir Aeration: Models and Unit Energy Consumption." Journal of Environmental Engineering 121, no. 2 (February 1995): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1995)121:2(196).

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Singh, Surendra, M. P. Singh, and Rupa Bakhshi. "Unit energy consumption for paddy-wheat rotation." Energy Conversion and Management 30, no. 2 (January 1990): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-8904(90)90022-q.

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Duan, Li Qiang, Xiang Pan, Ke Xin Huang, and Yong Ping Yang. "Energy Consumption Distribution Research of a 600MW Supercritical Power Plant under Various Conditions." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 1761–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.1761.

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To identify the potential of energy conversation in power units, the energy consumption distribution model of supercritical power generation unit under various conditions are established based on a 600MW supercritical power generation system. Methods of unit energy consumption are applied and the total additional energy consumption is calculated under various loads, which varies from 30% TMCR load to full TMCR load. The energy consumption distribution of every heater in the boiler, cylinders of the turbine and the whole plant unit are analyzed. And the distribution rules of energy consumption of various conditions are revealed. The effects of key parameters on unit energy consumption are also investigated.

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Wang, Ning Ling, Han Xu, Peng Fu, Dian Fa Wu, Zhi Ping Yang, and Yong Ping Yang. "Energy Consumption of Turbine Unit with Varying Exhaust Pressure under Off-Designed Conditions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 654 (October 2014): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.654.113.

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The exhaust pressure affects the economic performance of the whole power unit greatly. Based on the theory of energy specific fuel consumption (ESFC), the changing principle of energy consumption in a power unit was studied. In the turbine unit, the energy-consumption caused by topological factors was also discussed with different exhaust pressure. The results showed that the changing of exhaust pressure makes great effects on topological energy consumption of steam turbine. It makes great reference for the energy-saving diagnosis of the energy consumption for the overall power units.

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Younesi-Alamouti, Mohammad. "Factors affecting energy consumption and productivity in greenhouses." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 19, no. 4 (December 2021): e0209-e0209. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2021194-16865.

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Aim of study: To investigate the impact factors affecting the greenhouse environment on energy consumption and productivity. Area of study: Alborz province of Iran during the period 2018–2020. Material and methods: In this study, 18 active units of greenhouse owners in Alborz province of Iran that had necessary standards were identified. Then, upper and lower amplitudes of the variables affecting productivity and energy consumption in greenhouses were calculated using a type-2 fuzzy neural network, Matlab 2017 software. Area, temperature, energy exchange, environmental evapotranspiration and relative humidity were studied as indicators. Main results: With each unit of temperature, energy consumption and productivity increased by 0.737% and 0.741%, respectively; with each unit of energy exchange, they increased by 0.813% and 0.696%, respectively; with each unit of evaporation and transpiration of the environment, they increased by 0.593% and 0.869%, respectively; and with each unit of humidity, they increased by 0.398% and 0.509%, respectively. Research highlights: The factors affecting the greenhouse environment such as area, temperature, evapotranspiration and relative humidity had a significant effect on productivity in studying greenhouses and therefore increasing their productivity. According to the results, the model’s ability in energy consumption was better than that for energy efficiency prediction. Also, greenhouse ranking was done by FAHP method.

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Zhou, Yan, Hua Zhang, Wei Yan, Feng Ma, Gongfa Li, and Wenjun Chang. "Energy consumption component analysis mathematical model of grinder energy unit." International Journal of Computing Science and Mathematics 9, no. 6 (2018): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcsm.2018.096316.

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Li, Gongfa, Wenjun Chang, Feng Ma, Wei Yan, Hua Zhang, and Yan Zhou. "Energy consumption component analysis mathematical model of grinder energy unit." International Journal of Computing Science and Mathematics 9, no. 6 (2018): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcsm.2018.10017533.

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Chanson, Hubert. "Discussion: Weir Aeration: Models and Unit Energy Consumption." Journal of Environmental Engineering 122, no. 4 (April 1996): 332–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1996)122:4(332).

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Sugimura, Ken, and Katsumasa Suzuki. "Using Intermittently Operated Oil Hydraulic Pump Unit with Accumulator to Save Energy." International Journal of Automation Technology 6, no. 4 (July 5, 2012): 426–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2012.p0426.

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Efforts to save energy have been made in a number of fields due to a shortage of energy resources, such as oil, and a need to protect the earth’s environment. In the field of hydraulics, energy saving pump units are very important because of the energy they consume. At present, a variable displacement-type hydraulic pump units (VD pump unit) and inverter control-type pump units (INV pump unit) are widely used. In this paper, the authors propose using an intermittently operated pump unit coupled with an accumulator (ACC pump unit). First, the electric power consumption, pump output pressure, rotation speed, and efficiency of three types pump units are measured when the same work is done using a modeled machine tool. Next, the load is abstracted to clarify the general characteristics of intermittent work, and the electric power consumption and efficiency of each pump unit are measured. Finally, the static characteristics of each pump unit are measured, and it is verified that the ACC pump unit saves the most energy.

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Yang, Zhi Ping, Wei Min Kan, Jing Hui Song, Jing Bian, and Zhong Guang Fu. "Thermal Economy Analysis of the Cylinder Unit Efficiency's on the Unit of 1000MW." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 2039–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.2039.

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The paper researches with a 1000MW thermal power generating unit. The impact of steam cylinder efficiency's changes on steam turbine’s heat consumption rate and units’ coal consumption rate has been evaluated. It provides the basis for the units loss analysis and guidance for the 1000MW units’ energy saving.

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Ma, Sheng Yun, Zhan Xin Ma, and Ri Mu Tu Ji. "Research on the Energy Consumption Efficiency Based on Generalized DEA Method with Cluster Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 724-725 (August 2013): 921–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.921.

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Sometims traditional DEA method can not compare the efficiency of some decision making unit. Cluster analysis method can be applied in the generalized DEA method with input only to solve this kind of problem. The mean vector of all decision making units was taken as a virtual decision making unit, some special decision making units were selected by average linkage method to act as sample unit set and the G-DEA efficiency of all the decision making units were evaluated based on the sample unit set. At last the efficiency of Chinese energy consumption efficiency for per 100 million yuan GDP was evaluated by the traditional BC2 method and the method which given in this paper.

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Kara, S., and W. Li. "Unit process energy consumption models for material removal processes." CIRP Annals 60, no. 1 (2011): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2011.03.018.

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Mamala, Jarosław, Michał Śmieja, and Krzysztof Prażnowski. "Analysis of the Total Unit Energy Consumption of a Car with a Hybrid Drive System in Real Operating Conditions." Energies 14, no. 13 (July 1, 2021): 3966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133966.

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The market demand for vehicles with reduced energy consumption, as well as increasingly stringent standards limiting CO2 emissions, are the focus of a large number of research works undertaken in the analysis of the energy consumption of cars in real operating conditions. Taking into account the growing share of hybrid drive units on the automotive market, the aim of the article is to analyse the total unit energy consumption of a car operating in real road conditions, equipped with an advanced hybrid drive system of the PHEV (plug-in hybrid electric vehicles) type. In this paper, special attention has been paid to the total unit energy consumption of a car resulting from the cooperation of the two independent power units, internal combustion and electric. The results obtained for the individual drive units were presented in the form of a new unit index of the car, which allows us to compare the consumption of energy obtained from fuel with the use of electricity supported from the car’s batteries, during journeys in real road conditions. The presented research results indicate a several-fold increase in the total unit energy consumption of a car powered by an internal combustion engine compared to an electric car. The values of the total unit energy consumption of the car in real road conditions for the internal combustion drive are within the range 1.25–2.95 (J/(kg·m)) in relation to the electric drive 0.27–1.1 (J/(kg·m)) in terms of instantaneous values. In terms of average values, the appropriate values for only the combustion engine are 1.54 (J/(kg·m)) and for the electric drive only are 0.45 (J/(kg·m)) which results in the internal combustion engine values being 3.4 times higher than the electric values. It is the combustion of fuel that causes the greatest increase in energy supplied from the drive unit to the car’s propulsion system in the TTW (tank to wheels) system. At the same time this component is responsible for energy losses and CO2 emissions to the environment. The results were analysed to identify the differences between the actual life cycle energy consumption of the hybrid powertrain and the WLTP (Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Test Procedure) homologation cycle.

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Zainal-Abidin, Mardhati, Nooryusmiza Yusoff, and Khairiyah Mohd Siraj. "A Taguchi-SQP Approach for Minimizing Energy per Unit Diesel Production at Crude Distillation Unit." Advanced Materials Research 917 (June 2014): 220–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.917.220.

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Crude distillation unit (CDU) is one of the largest energy consumer units in a refinery. It consumes around 35-40% of the total process energy in refinery. This paper presents a systematic approach for selecting optimization variables using Taguchi method. These variables are subsequently employed in minimizing energy consumption per unit diesel production at CDU. A steady state model of the CDU was developed under the HYSYS 7.2 environment and utilized to demonstrate the efficacy of this method. Optimum energy consumption per unit diesel production obtained from Taguchi were validated by comparing the results with those obtained from HYSYS built-in SQP solver. The results reveal that the combination of Taguchi and SQP solver can reduce CPU time for optimization purposes.

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Jiang, Yun Sheng, Nian Ping Li, Xiao Qing Wei, and Qing Huang. "Analysis of Energy Consumption and Electricity Consumption Norm of Hotel Building in Changsha, China." Key Engineering Materials 517 (June 2012): 844–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.517.844.

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The purpose of this study is to discuss the use of energy in hotel building in Hunan province, P. R. China, and to explore the application of building energy conservation. 25 hotel buildings were selected and the investigations of energy consumption data was carried through in Changsha of Hunan province .The building comprehensive consumption of energy and electricity were got from the energy consumption computing method of public buildings. It can be got these indexes of unit energy consumption electricity consumption and so on through unit conversion. According to the current situation of building energy consumption and the related standings of Changsha, such buildings whose norm index range of energy and electricity can be obtained. Conclusion are as follows: It provide guiding significance for the energy-saving prediction which entire building and all of its system .This paper also provides some useful measures which about the applied promotion of related energy-saving technology in such buildings of the region.

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Wu, He An, Feng Wei Zhong, and Y. Li. "Research on Technical Route Optimization and Energy-saving Characteristics of High-temperature Subcritical Retrofit." E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021): 04012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126104012.

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In order to further reduce the power supply coal consumption rate for 300MW subcritical units, this paper will conduct a comprehensive analysis to improve the main steam and reheat steam parameters of those units based on the basic principles of thermodynamics, steam turbines and water pumps. The analysis shows that for the subcritical unit retrofit method that only raises the main steam and reheat steam temperature as the basic technical route has better feasibility. On this basis, combined with the actual system and working conditions of the 320MW subcritical unit, a simulation model of the entire plant’s thermal system is established for calculation and analysis. The calculation results show that the heat consumption rate of the high-temperature subcritical retrofit can reach 7526.7kJ/kWh. Combined with China Resources Xuzhou #3 unit high temperature subcritical comprehensive retrofit project (using high temperature subcritical transformation and equipped with special energy saving transformation), A comprehensive analysis of the performance of the unit after retrofit. The analysis shows that the coal consumption rate after the retrofit is reduced by 36g/kWh.

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Lee, Wang-Je, Eun-Chul Kang, Euy-Joon Lee, Byung-Chil Oh, and U.-Cheul Shin. "Case Study on the Energy Consumption Unit of District Apartments." Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering 26, no. 10 (October 10, 2014): 474–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.6110/kjacr.2014.26.10.474.

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Zhang, Weisi, and Hongyan Li. "Using Grey Theory to Predict Shanghai Unit GDP Energy Consumption." Current Research Journal of Economic Theory 6, no. 1 (March 20, 2014): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/crjet.6.5530.

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Salauddin, Syazwi Amzar, Liyanage C. de Silva, and Iskandar Petra. "Prescheduled Controller for Split Unit Air Conditioner Reduce Energy Consumption." Applied Mechanics and Materials 789-790 (September 2015): 1034–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.789-790.1034.

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Air conditioners are one of the highest power consuming devices in houses or industrial buildings. Most buildings require air conditioner to make offices, classrooms, public areas or rooms to meet the required thermal comfort. Split unit type air conditioners are widely used in Negara Brunei Darussalam and other ASEAN countries. Currently, prescheduled controllers for split-unit air conditioners are not available in the market. In order to reduce air conditioner power consumption, study have been done to measured energy saving by controlling air conditioning using prescheduled controller that designed which is suitable for fixed operation hours example offices, schools, shops and others. Result showed that average percentage of power saving using a prescheduled controller can be as high as 40%.

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Che, Yongqiang, Jianzhu Yang, Yue Han, Junshan Guo, and Lv Haizhen. "Analysis of high energy consumption of 1000MW ultra supercritical unit." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 631, no. 2 (November 7, 2019): 022011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/631/2/022011.

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Polat, Özgür, Enes E. Uslu, and Hüseyin Kalyoncu. "Unit Root Properties of Energy Consumption and Production in Turkey." Journal of Economic and Social Studies 3, no. 2 (December 10, 2013): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14706/jecoss11325.

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Fang, Jing Ying, Zhi Peng Li, Fang Fang Chen, and Yan Hui Chen. "Water Supply Pumping Station Energy Consumption Analysis and Energy Saving Research Based on the Energy Consumption Coefficient." Advanced Materials Research 724-725 (August 2013): 999–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.999.

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From the view point of efficiency, the energy consumption coefficient was used as the energy utilization evaluation index in a water supply pumping system, and through the comparative analysis between the energy consumption coefficient and the pump efficiency, the past pump efficiency that was used as the economic index in the system could not completely and scientifically reflect the energy utilization rate of the system, while the energy consumption coefficient could intuitively reflect conveying unit volume of liquid consumption in a water supply pumping system. Based on the theory of energy consumption coefficient, the comprehensive analysis of different energy saving methods, energy saving space estimation, and average energy consumption coefficient calculation under variable conditions of the system in a water supply pumping system can give a specific guidance scheme of energy saving to the system, and it has a guidance and reference significance to the energy saving reform in the water supply pumping system.

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Zhang, Yong, Peng Fu, and Ning Ling Wang. "Mechanism of Energy-Consumption Benchmark State for Coal-Fired Power Units with Varying Boundary." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 690–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.690.

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The in-depth energy conservation of thermal power units is confronting new challenges under the varying operation conditions and ambient constraints. Compared with traditional optimal values, the description of energy-consumption benchmark state was proposed to describe the economic performance of thermal power units with the varying operation boundary, operation conditions and equipment performance. The energy consumption interactions of units were divided into 4 parts: parameters, equipment, subsystems and units. The models for energy-consumption benchmark states were established with the fuel specific consumption (FSC) setting as the optimization objective. Such a method was performed on a 600MW supercritical power unit and the results show that the energy-consumption benchmark state, which is related with the varying boundary, can reflect the boundary condition, operation lever and equipment performance. It makes significant reference for the energy-saving diagnosis and operation optimization of thermal power units under overall working conditions.

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Kim, Yong-Ki, Dong-Uk Jang, Joong-Dong Kwon, and Hae-Jin Joo. "Analysis of energy consumption using energy metering device for AC electric multiple unit." Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 69, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): 1997–2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/kiee.2020.69.11.1997.

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Csépai, L. "Fully Biological Wastewater Treatment without Energy Consumption." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 3-4 (March 1, 1990): 331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0219.

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By two Sewage Treatment Plants it is demonstrated that a fully biological wastewater treatment without external energy supply is possible provided there is a sufficient natural gradient to guarantee a free flow through the entire plant. Both plants have now been in operation for more than 2 years. Test results show a very good purification efficiency. Elimination of BOD5 is over 93%, of COD 84%, of TOC 86%, of NH4 66 % and that of nitrogen totals 29%. The results of the two-year operation of both plants prove that also smaller units allow for meeting all requirements to obtain a good purification efficiency. Especially pre-settling and final clarifying ponds with interposed trickling filters represent a very simple but economic addition to the ample variety of modern wastewater techniques. It has also been demonstrated that, when planning wastewater treatment plants, every effort should be made to adjust the hydraulic longitudinal section to the existing area conditions, even at the risk of increased building costs. As far as economic considerations are concerned, a unit operating without energy consumption certainly proves advantageous. At the same time it offers a running guarantee, which is equally important, especially in case of smaller units. Particularly if local communities experience prolonged economic difficulties such considerations gain increasing priority. In addition to all these advantages the plants show a high buffering efficiency, minimum maintenance requirements and very low running costs.

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Hao, Dong Heng, Guo Zhu Li, and Dian Ru Wang. "Energy Saving and Economic Growth: Empirical Analysis Based on Panel Data." Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 591–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.591.

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we analyzed the relationship between energy conservation and economic using panel data. the reduction of energy consumption per unit of GDP and energy consumption per unit of industrial value-added will promote economic growth, however, lower electricity consumption per unit of GDP may inhibit economic growth. Finally, this article puts forward corresponding suggestions, including improving the relevant laws and regulations, speeding up the energy saving information disclosure, improving public participation mechanisms, speeding up the adjustment of industrial structure and technological innovations, and promoting the reform of energy prices.

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Khan, Asif, Sughra Bibi, Lorenzo Ardito, Jiaying Lyu, Hizar Hayat, and Anas Arif. "Revisiting the Dynamics of Tourism, Economic Growth, and Environmental Pollutants in the Emerging Economies—Sustainable Tourism Policy Implications." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (March 24, 2020): 2533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062533.

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Tourism contributions to economic growth and well-being have been widely acknowledged; however, its impacts on the environment demand an integrated approach to policy improvement across institutions in the emerging economies for the development of sustainable tourism practices. This study investigates the causal relationship between tourism, economic growth (GDP, capital investment), energy consumption, and environmental pollutants in developing economies, explicitly focusing on the case of Pakistan. Various econometric procedures and techniques were applied to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings suggest that economic growth support tourism development. Tourists’ arrivals have a significant positive impact on energy consumption, capital investment, and CO2 emissions; besides, environmental pollutant (CO2) causes negative effects on tourism. The results suggest that a 1 unit increase in tourism increases CO2 emissions metric tons per capita by 0.26 units in the long-run. A 1 unit increase in capital investment increases CO2 emissions metric tons per capita by 0.21 units, and a 1 unit increase in energy consumption increases CO2 emissions metric tons per capita by 0.51 units in the long-run. In the short-run, a 1 unit increase in tourism, capital investment, and energy consumption rises CO2 emissions metric tons per capita by 0.045, 0.04, and 0.08 units, respectively. Sustainable tourism remains a sole option in developing economies to enhance the competitiveness of tourism as a tool for friendly developments. Thus, tourism policies are needed to be integrated with overall economic, environmental, and energy policies to encourage the shift towards sustainable tourism development to minimize environmental pollution.

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Khodpan, Marut, Sanguan Vongchavalitkul, and Sanguan Patamatumakul. "Risk Management of Electric Energy Consumption in Industrial." Advanced Materials Research 301-303 (July 2011): 691–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.301-303.691.

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This study presents a risk management of the electric energy consumption in Nakhonratchasima industrial, case study in Thai Sanguan Cassava Starch Co.,Ltd. by AS/NZS 4360:2004 risk management standard. The objective of this study is to reduce the risk of electric energy consumption. Based on the risk inspection, the impact analysis of electric energy consumption is applied to manage an occasion risk. The analyzed risks are consumption risks and device risks. The consumption risks are load factor, the ratio of electric energy consumption to production unit and power consumption of each unbalance phase. The device risks are an efficiency of machinery and equipment, water pump usages, lighting system and air condition system. The results show that the use of machinery and equipment is the highest risk. Load factor, the ratio of electric energy consumption to production unit and water pump usages are ranged in medium risk level, while each phase of electric energy consumption, lighting system and air condition system are in low risk level. As a priority result, machine maintenance is an initial management to decrease the electric energy consumption. For reducing the electric energy demand, work schedule has been rearranged to enlarge the load factor. Operator controlling will reduce the ratio of electric energy consumption to production unit. The inverter, which is used to control motor in water pump usages, also reduce the risk of electric energy consumption. Finally, the low impact factor from lighting and air condition system are neglected.

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Chen, Ce, and Xing Qi He. "Study on the Influence of Key Factors in Sichuan Province Energy Conservation that Based on the Fixed Effect Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 5943–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.5943.

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According to Sichuan Province 2006~2012 21 local power and energy consumption panel data, on the basis of the analysis of the electric consumption and energy consumption, the relationship between economic growth, unit GDP energy consumption and unit GDP electricity consumption, the relationship between the electricity consumption and energy consumption in the industry and the region, established analysis model of measurement of time individual fixed effects model. Have quantitative evaluation for the electricity consumption, the level of economic development, and the industrial structure to assess effects of saving energy and reducing consumption, and put forward the corresponding proposal.

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Li, Yong Hua, Jun Wang, and Wei Ping Yan. "The Integrated Evaluation Index of Energy-Saving and Emission Reduction Generation Dispatching." Advanced Materials Research 382 (November 2011): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.382.56.

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In China, coal combustion to generate electric power is the primary method, the energy-saving and emission reduction is the urgent task. At present, the energy-saving dispatching trial method in some area evaluates energy-saving and emission reduction of coal combustion power generation according to power supply coal consumption rate only. But the power supply coal consumption rate can’t reflect the energy-saving and emission reduction effect of coal combustion power plant overall. For example, the same coal combustion unit, the coal consumption rate is difference when desulfuration system is operating or not; the coal consumption rate of the unit with SCR will be increased; the coal consumption rate of the air-cooled unit is higher than water-cooled unit; etc.. This paper considers synthetically coal consumption rate, pollution emission, water resource wastage, etc., establishes a integrated evaluation system, adopts factor analysis method, gets the integrated evaluation system and index of energy-saving and emission reduction of coal combustion power generation, evaluates energy-saving and emission reduction effect of 5 power plants reasonable. The results show that the index can reflect the energy-saving and emission reduction level of coal combustion power generation.

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Liu, Enbin, Changjun Li, and Yi Yang. "Optimal Energy Consumption Analysis of Natural Gas Pipeline." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/506138.

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There are many compressor stations along long-distance natural gas pipelines. Natural gas can be transported using different boot programs and import pressures, combined with temperature control parameters. Moreover, different transport methods have correspondingly different energy consumptions. At present, the operating parameters of many pipelines are determined empirically by dispatchers, resulting in high energy consumption. This practice does not abide by energy reduction policies. Therefore, based on a full understanding of the actual needs of pipeline companies, we introduce production unit consumption indicators to establish an objective function for achieving the goal of lowering energy consumption. By using a dynamic programming method for solving the model and preparing calculation software, we can ensure that the solution process is quick and efficient. Using established optimization methods, we analyzed the energy savings for the XQ gas pipeline. By optimizing the boot program, the import station pressure, and the temperature parameters, we achieved the optimal energy consumption. By comparison with the measured energy consumption, the pipeline now has the potential to reduce energy consumption by 11 to 16 percent.

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Luo, Bin, Rui Ma, Yuan Xin Chen, and Gui Lin Xu. "A New Assessment Method for Energy Consumption of Thermal Power Unit." Applied Mechanics and Materials 268-270 (December 2012): 962–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.268-270.962.

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Energy consuming condition of thermal power unit is reflected by its historical operation data, but the amount of data and the number of energy consumption indices are large. And there are complex and strong correlations among them. These make it difficult to assess the energy consuming condition of unit. This paper proposes a model and method based on improved Principal Component Analysis(PCA) assessing the energy consuming condition of unit. Those assessment problems are solved well by the application of feature extraction and dimensions reducing functions of improved PCA. Meanwhile, traditional assessments’ drawbacks-subjectivity and uncertainty are avoided because the weights of components are determined completely according to the data. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model are demonstrated with a case study involving energy consumption condition analysis of a 600MW unit in China.

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Xiong, Shengtao, Zhenxing Liu, Qunqiao Li, Yuan Chen, Xiaoyan Cai, Na Hu, and Qiuyue Yu. "Simulation and operation control strategy of ground source thermal energy management system by cold and heat auxiliary technology." Thermal Science 24, no. 5 Part B (2020): 3157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci191110106x.

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To explore the performance of the ground source thermal energy management system under the cold and heat sources, based on the cold and heat auxiliary technology, a ground source thermal energy composite management system is constructed and simulated. The constructed ground source heat pump-refrigeration unit-hybrid heating management system of urban heating networks, as well as the simple system, are analyzed and investigated in terms of power consumption and underground temperature control. The research results show that the constructed ground source heat pump-refrigeration unit-hybrid heating management system of the urban heating network has lower power and energy consumption than a simple system during the same period, which meets the economic requirements and guarantees the system with relatively low energy consumption. For underground temperature control, the constructed system is more stable than a simple system without excessive temperature fluctuations. The operation control strategy of the constructed system is mainly for chiller units, heat pump units, cooling towers, source side, and side circulation water pump modules. In summary, the constructed ground source heat pump-refrigeration unit-hybrid heating management system of an urban heating network based on the ground source heat pump meets the requirements for energy consumption and temperature control and can operate the control strategy normally. The results are significant for subsequent researches on the ground source thermal energy management system based on cold and heat auxiliary technology.

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Zhang, Di Ping, Shuang Shuang He, and Gao Qing Li. "Empirical Research on Energy Consumption Structure and Energy Efficiency - Evidence from Zhejiang Province." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 3079–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.3079.

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Taking Zhejiang province as an example, this paper conducted a comparative analysis on the current situation of the energy consumption structure from the vertical and horizontal using the descriptive statistical method. By calculating some indexes such as energy consumption per unit GDP, energy consumption elasticity coefficient, and so on, the study analyzes and evaluates the present situation, trend and influence factors of energy efficiency. Finally, it puts forward some policy suggestions about the optimization of energy consumption structure and energy efficiency.

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Karlsson, Ingemar. "Environmental and energy efficiency of different sewage treatment processes." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 3-4 (August 1, 1996): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0434.

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This paper summarises the Scandinavian experience that chemical wastewater treatment gives “value for money” in the sense that such treatment gives a low construction volume per removed unit of Oxygen Consumption Potential (OCP) in the receiving water and a low energy consumption per unit of Oxygen Consumption Potential (OCP) removed. The OCP evaluation takes into consideration both the primary oxygen consumption caused by organic matter and ammonium as well as the secondary oxygen consumption from degradation of algae resulting from the discharge of nutrient. The paper demonstrates that in comparison to conventional biological activated sludge treatment (with pre-settling), chemical treatment plants (primary precipitation) are cheaper in terms of cost per unit of OCP removed and that they require less energy per unit of OCP removed. Chemical treatment is considered to be the most suitable method when discharging municipal sewage to sensitive marine receiving waters and should be categorized as secondary treatment, like biological treatment. It is important when ecological aspects are considered, for instance in terms of energy consumption, that all elements that contribute to the total consumption of energy must be included. For instance, a compact treatment plant, like a chemical one, may require less energy for concrete, while it requires more energy for chemicals. The problem is evaluated in two different ways: (i) an evaluation of energy consumption based on the major energy-associated elements: chemicals, air and biogas; and (ii) an analysis of all ecological aspects based on a model for evaluating the ecological value of the products and processes.

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Cao, Yan Cui, Feng Gao, Zhi Hong Wang, Xian Zheng Gong, and Xiao Qing Li. "Analysis on Influence Factors of Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Magnesium Production Process." Materials Science Forum 847 (March 2016): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.847.321.

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Magnesium is a promising lightweight and green metallic engineering material, but the environmental impact of primary magnesium production stage, especially greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions cannot be ignored. In this study, the life cycle energy consumption and GHG emissions caused by the production of primary magnesium in the years of 2003-2013 in China were calculated; the factor decomposition was conducted to analyze the GHG emissions of magnesium production process by using logarithmic mean Divisia index method (LMDI), including energy GHG emission factors, energy structure, energy consumption per ton of primary magnesium, production, emissions per unit of dolomite and ferrosilicon, and dolomite and ferrosilicon consumptions per ton of primary magnesium. The results showed that GHG emissions of primary magnesium production increased 260.29*104 t CO2eq in total from 2003 to 2013. The variety magnesium production contributed the biggest part of GHG emissions, accounting for 418.17%. The energy structure took second place on the contribution of GHG emissions, accounting for-161.49%. The nest part was energy consumption per ton of primary magnesium, accounting for-138.97%. While, the contribution of energy GHG emission factors, emissions per unit of dolomite and ferrosilicon, and dolomite and ferrosilicon consumptions per ton of primary magnesium was relatively small, which were 0.88%, 0.00% -2.72% -4.73% and-11.13%, respectively. Thus, it is the key methods to reduce GHG emissions by optimizing the energy structure and decreasing the energy consumption.

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Wang, Qing Feng, Yan Li Wang, De Ying Li, and Wei Na. "Research on Energy Consumption Tread of Residential Building in Beijing Based on Energy Audit." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 2057–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.2057.

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Beijing building energy efficiency work has been carried out for 20 years, which played a significant role in building energy saving. Based on the energy audit which is site test and statistics of building energy consumption analyses the energy consumption of residential building in Beijing. Discusses the residential building energy consumption characteristics and gives the energy consumption tread of residential building in Beijing. The results show that Beijing's residential building energy consumption per unit area is reduced year by year, which is mainly related with the implementation of the Beijing building energy efficiency standards.

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Tijani, Alhassan Salami, Nazri Mohammed, and Werner Witt. "Saving Primary Energy Consumption Through Exergy Analysis of Combine Distillation and Power Plant." Scientific Research Journal 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2012): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/srj.v9i2.5388.

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Industrial heat pumps are heat-recovery systems that allow the temperature ofwaste-heat stream to be increased to a higher, more efficient temperature. Consequently, heat pumps can improve energy efficiency in industrial processes as well as energy savings when conventional passive-heat recovery is not possible. In this paper, possible ways of saving energy in the chemical industry are considered, the objective is to reduce the primary energy (such as coal) consumption of power plant. Particularly the thermodynamic analyses ofintegrating backpressure turbine ofa power plant with distillation units have been considered. Some practical examples such as conventional distillation unit and heat pump are used as a means of reducing primary energy consumption with tangible indications of energy savings. The heat pump distillation is operated via electrical power from the power plant. The exergy efficiency ofthe primary fuel is calculated for different operating range ofthe heat pump distillation. This is then compared with a conventional distillation unit that depends on saturated steam from a power plant as the source of energy. The results obtained show that heat pump distillation is an economic way to save energy if the temperaturedifference between the overhead and the bottom is small. Based on the result, the energy saved by the application of a heat pump distillation is improved compared to conventional distillation unit.

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Tijani, Alhassan Salami, Nazri Mohammed, and Werner Witt. "Saving Primary Energy Consumption Through Exergy Analysis of Combine Distillation and Power Plant." Scientific Research Journal 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2012): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/srj.v9i2.9409.

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Industrial heat pumps are heat-recovery systems that allow the temperature of waste-heat stream to be increased to a higher, more efficient temperature. Consequently, heat pumps can improve energy efficiency in industrial processes as well as energy savings when conventional passive-heat recovery is not possible. In this paper, possible ways of saving energy in the chemical industry are considered, the objective is to reduce the primary energy (such as coal) consumption of power plant. Particularly the thermodynamic analyses of integrating backpressure turbine of a power plant with distillation units have been considered. Some practical examples such as conventional distillation unit and heat pump are used as a means of reducing primary energy consumption with tangible indications of energy savings. The heat pump distillation is operated via electrical power from the power plant. The exergy efficiency of the primary fuel is calculated for different operating range of the heat pump distillation. This is then compared with a conventional distillation unit that depends on saturated steam from a power plant as the source of energy. The results obtained show that heat pump distillation is an economic way to save energy if the temperature difference between the overhead and the bottom is small. Based on the result, the energy saved by the application of a heat pump distillation is improved compared to conventional distillation unit.

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Kobernik, V. S. "Fuel consumption of thermal power technologies under maneuvering modes." Problems of General Energy 2020, no. 4 (December 22, 2020): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/pge2020.04.045.

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A characteristic feature of the present day development of power engineering lies in the increase in the unevenness of power systems schedules. The structure of generating powers of Ukrainian energy engineering is overloaded with basic powers and characterized by a sharp deficit of maneuvering wanes. To cover the uneven load of the power system during the operation of existing and construction of new power plants, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of their operation under maneuvering modes. This paper determines the influence of work of power plants i under maneuvering modes on the specific consumption of conditional fuel on the released electric energy at working on gas or coal fuel. Fuel consumption for starting of a unit depends on its type and downtime in reserve. The use of steam–and–gas facilities and gas turbines helps to enhance the maneuverability of power plants. Alternative options for the development of thermal energy are the introduction of gas–piston power plants and power units with fluidized–bed boilers. We present formulas for the calculations of fuel consumption on by power units for start–ups and specific consumptions depending on the load and degree of their involvement to regulating loads for different thermal energy technologies: steam–turbine condensation and district heating power units; steam–and–gas and gas turbine plants; gas piston installations; power units with fluidized bed boilers. For enhancing the maneuverability of power plants, working on fossil fuels, their modernization and renewal of software are necessary. Quantitative assessment of the efficiency of power units and separate power plants during their operation under variable modes is important for forecasting the structure of generating capacities of power systems, the need to introduce peak and semi–peak capacities, the choice of the most profitable composition of operating equipment at different schedules of electrical loads Keywords: thermal power, power unit, maneuverable mode, electrical load, specific fuel consumption

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Li, Qing Rui, Ping Li, and Peng Zhang. "Process Simulation and Parametric Analysis of Gas Fractionation Unit." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 3493–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.3493.

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Considering the problem of the energy consumption in the gas fractionation unit, PROII process simulation software is used to calculate the gas fractionation unit and to analyze the effect of process parameters. On the premise of ensuring product quality, these parameters can reduce energy consumption, improve economic benefit.

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ISHIORO, Bernhard. "Energy Consumption and Performance of Sectoral Outputs: Results from an Energy-Impoverished Economy." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 9, no. 7 (March 4, 2019): 1539. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.9.7(31).17.

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This paper is directed at exploring the relationship among energy consumption, disaggregated sectoral output (GDP) and economic growth in Nigeria using time series data. The study applied a plethora of estimation techniques (multivariate unit root, Johansen cointegration and Granger causality tests). The study found that energy consumption has enhanced the performance of agriculture, health, manufacturing, utilities, finance and transport sectors in Nigeria during the period under consideration. Long-run energy consumption was found to be detrimental to the performance of administration output (GDP). The study recommends that energy consumption should be encouraged essentially for sectoral and industrial purposes (the production of intermediate goods and services) and not only for household consumption.

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Rhee, Shin-Ho, Jun Wang, and Seong-Soo Yoon. "Developing an Energy Consumption Model of Household Unit in Rural Area." Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers 50, no. 4 (July 31, 2008): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5389/ksae.2008.50.4.099.

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Hegar, M., M. Kolda, M. Kopecka, V. Rajtmajer, and A. Ryska. "Bus HVAC energy consumption test method based on HVAC unit behavior." International Journal of Refrigeration 36, no. 4 (June 2013): 1254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2012.10.023.

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Duan, Ran, Xin Wang, Yue Song, and Jiagen Liu. "Influence of Air-conditioning Outdoor Unit Arrangement Strategy on Energy Consumption." Procedia Engineering 146 (2016): 350–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.409.

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Granger, Clive W. J., Kuan Chung-Ming, Mattson Matthew, and Halbert White. "Trends in unit energy consumption: The performance of end-use models." Energy 14, no. 12 (December 1989): 943–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-5442(89)90049-2.

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Arjun, Tsapalasetty. "Smart Energy Meter Reading and Billing System using GSM Modem." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 30, 2021): 2511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36661.

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In this paper we are focusing on automatic billing and metering, The GSM Short Message Service (SMS) and Arduino connection gives the metre reading system several predefined automatic capabilities.The energy consumption and electricity bill and loads will be providing through GSM module to the customer and to the concern electricity department. An alert message will be send to the customer and vigilance squad when the consumption unit reading reaches beyond the specific threshold. And loads on and off through gsm This paper contains energy consumption details in terms of power units and power units will be displayed on the LCD and will be notified to the customer via SMS and customer will also be able to recharge with the help of GSM module as well as microcontroller.

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Li, Cai Zhen, Fei Liu, Cong Bo Li, and Qiu Lian Wang. "Analysis Model for Energy Consumption in Manufacturing Enterprises Based on Input-Output Theory and its Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 16-19 (October 2009): 1058–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.16-19.1058.

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Analysis of energy consumption which could explore energy saving potential is of important significance for energy saving in manufacturing enterprises. An analysis model including physical and monetary input-output models for energy consumption in manufacturing enterprises based on input-output theory is constructed. Physical and monetary energy consumption coefficient matrices are obtained from the analysis model. Then, some application ideas are proposed, including vertical and horizontal comparison of coefficient matrices elements of a manufacturing enterprise in per unit time, comparison of coefficient matrices elements of a manufacturing enterprise in different unit times, comparison of coefficient matrices elements of manufacturing enterprises within the same industry in per unit time, effect analysis of energy price change to energy consumption of a manufacturing enterprise. Finally, a case study of a heavy-machinery manufacturing enterprises validates its practicability.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Unit energy consumption'

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