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Journal articles on the topic 'Unit of measurement'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Zeng, Xinyu, and Olha Lysa. "RESPONSE TIME IN INERTIAL MEASUREMENT UNIT CONTROL ALGORITHMS." Measuring Equipment and Metrology 85, no. 2 (2024): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcmtm2024.02.005.

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The Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) [1] is a cornerstone technology in various fields, ranging from aerospace to consumer electronics, where accurate motion tracking is paramount. Central to the effectiveness of an IMU is the quality of data processing, particularly in the context of filtering techniques. This study compares two filtering methods: Complementary Filters and Kalman Filters, in their application to IMU data processing. Complementary Filters, known for their simplicity and efficiency, contrast with the more complex but potentially more accurate Kalman Filters. Our investigation de

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2

Wilson, R. E. "PMUs [phasor measurement unit]." IEEE Potentials 13, no. 2 (1994): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/45.283885.

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Anisha N.P., Prasanna Vadana D., and Suyampulingam A. "Soft Phasor Measurement Unit." Procedia Technology 21 (2015): 533–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2015.10.045.

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Li, Yonghong, Wendong Zhang, Haifeng Dong, Jijun Xiong, Jun Liu, and Tao Guo. "Micro storage measurement unit." Microelectronic Engineering 61-62 (July 2002): 1039–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-9317(02)00587-7.

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5

Andrich, David. "On the Distribution of Measurements in Units that are not Arbitrary." Social Science Information 42, no. 4 (2003): 557–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018403424006.

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Measurement achieved in the physical sciences as some kind of mapping on a continuum partitioned into equal units from an origin is understood readily. However, measurement is also an advanced concept, the achievement of which has been integral to the remarkable progress of physical science. This article specializes the probabilistic Rasch model for a finite number of ordered response categories to a response structure which is analogous to measurement - the parameters are expressed in the multiplicative metric giving a natural origin of O, the thresholds partitioning the continuum are made eq

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Rolfes, I., B. Will, and B. Schiek. "Calibration-measurement unit for the automation of vector network analyzer measurements." Advances in Radio Science 6 (May 26, 2008): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-6-27-2008.

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Abstract. With the availability of multi-port vector network analyzers, the need for automated, calibrated measurement facilities increases. In this contribution, a calibration-measurement unit is presented which realizes a repeatable automated calibration of the measurement setup as well as a user-friendly measurement of the device under test (DUT). In difference to commercially available calibration units, which are connected to the ports of the vector network analyzer preceding a measurement and which are then removed so that the DUT can be connected, the presented calibration-measurement u

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Pointner-Gabriel, Lukas, Thomas Franzelin, Bernd Morhard, Daniel Schweigert, Katharina Voelkel, and Karsten Stahl. "Electric Drive Units: A Set-Up for Investigating Function, Efficiency, and Dynamics." Vehicles 6, no. 3 (2024): 1415–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vehicles6030067.

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High-speed electric drive units promise improved power density and, theoretically, driving range of battery electric vehicles. An essential step of the development process is extensive testing of the drive unit on a test rig. In particular, at a high rotational speed level, experimental testing can be challenging. This paper describes a test rig for investigating the overall function of a high-speed drive unit and the transmission’s efficiency and dynamics. The high-speed drive unit developed in the Speed4E research project was the reference drive unit. The test rig is based on the concept of

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MORRISON, MELVIN M. "Morrison's QUBIK Inertial Measurement Unit." Navigation 35, no. 2 (1988): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-4296.1988.tb00950.x.

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Hirose, Tomohiro, Yoshihiro Kami, Tatsuhito Shimizu, Makoto Yabuya, and Yoshitaka Morimoto. "Development of On-Machine Measurement Unit for Correction Processing of Aspheric Lens Mold with High Numerical Aperture." International Journal of Automation Technology 8, no. 1 (2014): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2014.p0034.

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Most ultra-precision machine tools for fabricating optical lenses and lens molds have on-machine measurement units that can be used for form measurement with the workpiece held on the main spindle. However, for lenses with high numerical apertures, such as pick-up lenses for Blu-ray discs and their molds, the form measurement needs to be made even at a large angle of inclination, which is not feasible with a conventional on-machinemeasurement unit. In this study, an on-machine measurement unit with a measurement angle range±75 degrees is developed. Its performance assessment shows that it has

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Fedotov, Dmitriy A., Anatoly V. Bychkov, Nikolay A. Doni, and Oleg V. Dmitriev. "ENSURING THE ACCURACY OF THE SYNCHROPHASOR MEASUREMENT IN THE P CLASS PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT." Vestnik Chuvashskogo universiteta, no. 2 (June 25, 2024): 160–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2024-2-160-170.

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In distributed relay protection and automation systems of power systems, the widespread use of P class phasor measurement unit is assumed. The accuracy of phasor measurements is affected by frequency variation of power system signals, the presence of multiple harmonics and the features of the electromechanical transient process. The necessary accuracy of phasor measurement in these conditions is provided by appropriate digital processing of electrical quantities. In this paper, theoretical and practical issues of digital signal processing based on the classical Fourier filter in a P class phas

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11

Yang, Canjun, Qianxiao Wei, Xin Wu, et al. "Physical Extraction and Feature Fusion for Multi-Mode Signals in a Measurement System for Patients in Rehabilitation Exoskeleton." Sensors 18, no. 8 (2018): 2588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18082588.

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Measurement system of exoskeleton robots can reflect the state of the patient. In this study, we combined an inertial measurement unit and a visual measurement unit to obtain a repeatable fusion measurement system to compensate for the deficiencies of the single data acquisition mode used by exoskeletons. Inertial measurement unit is comprised four distributed angle sensors. Triaxial acceleration and angular velocity information were transmitted to an upper computer by Bluetooth. The data sent to the control center were processed by a Kalman filter to eliminate any noise. Visual measurement un

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12

Yan, Xiaoyi, Hang Guo, Min Yu, Yuan Xu, Liang Cheng, and Ping Jiang. "Light detection and ranging/inertial measurement unit-integrated navigation positioning for indoor mobile robots." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 17, no. 2 (2020): 172988142091994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881420919940.

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To overcome the problem of the low accuracy and large accumulated errors of indoor mobile navigation and positioning, a method to integrate the light detection and ranging- and inertial measurement unit-based measurement is proposed. Firstly, the voxel-scale-invariant feature transform feature extraction algorithm for light detection and ranging is studied. Then, the errors of light detection and ranging measurement due to the change of the scan plane compensated based on aiding information from inertial measurement unit. The relative position parameters and the differences of measurements of

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NIKHIL, YASHWANT KATKAR. "FEEDBACK ASSISTED CLOSED LOOP INSPECTION CONTROL SYSTEM." IJIERT - International Journal of Innovations in Engineering Research and Technology ICITER- 16 PUNE (June 20, 2016): 119–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1463583.

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<strong>In this paper,a novel Double gate junctionless MOSFET is proposed using germanium as the channel material. In early days germanium was mainly used for the fabrication of semiconductor devices,but due to its high leakage current it was unsuitable for high This paper is intended to focus on the advanced measurement system,developed for accurate measurements of,dimensions of,a valve guide of an engine. Snap gauges,pneumatic comparators,dial gauges,micrometers,etc are traditional instruments used for inspection. These methods may lead in inaccurate job inspection. So,to overcome the drawba

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Zotov, Sergei A., Montgomery C. Rivers, Alexander A. Trusov, and Andrei M. Shkel. "Folded MEMS Pyramid Inertial Measurement Unit." IEEE Sensors Journal 11, no. 11 (2011): 2780–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2011.2160719.

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15

Avrutov, V. V., A. N. Sapegin, Z. S. Stefanishin, and V. V. Tsisarzh. "Calibration of an Inertial Measurement Unit." International Applied Mechanics 53, no. 2 (2017): 228–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10778-017-0808-4.

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Shanken, Andrew M. "Unit." Representations 143, no. 1 (2018): 91–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2018.143.1.91.

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This essay peers through the peephole of the word unit to reveal the word’s journey across multiple fields from the mid-nineteenth century through the present. A keyword hidden in plain sight, unit links science and the world of measurement to society (family units), politics (political units), architecture (housing units), cities (neighborhood units), and, more recently, big data, the carceral state (crime units), and managerial oversight.

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Thakre, Mohan, Akbar Ahmad, and Kishor Bhadane. "Measurement Class Phasor Measurement Unit Compliance for Electrical Grid Monitoring." MAPAN 37, no. 1 (2021): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12647-021-00440-6.

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Yanshun, Zhang, Wang Shuwei, and Fang Jiancheng. "Measurement-While-Drilling Instrument Based on Predigested Inertial Measurement Unit." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 61, no. 12 (2012): 3295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2012.2210331.

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Kim, Je-Nam, Mun-Ho Ryu, Ho-Rim Choi, and Yoon-Seok Yang. "Anatomy Calibration of Inertial Measurement Unit Using a Principle Component Analysis." International Journal of Bio-Science and Bio-Technology 5, no. 6 (2013): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijbsbt.2013.5.6.19.

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Archer, J. A., S. A. Barwick, and H. U. Graser. "Economic evaluation of beef cattle breeding schemes incorporating performance testing of young bulls for feed intake." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 5 (2004): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02054.

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A model beef cattle breeding scheme consisting of a breeding unit and a commercial unit was used to evaluate the impact on genetic gain and profitability of incorporating feed intake measurements as an additional selection criterion in breeding programmes. Costs incurred by the breeding unit were compared with returns generated in the commercial unit, with bulls from the breeding unit being used as sires in the commercial unit. Two different market objectives were considered — a grass-fed product for the Australian domestic market, and a grain-fed product for the Japanese market. Breeding unit

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21

Zulqarnain, Ashraf Obaid, and Alia Malka. "Automatic Health Care Unit." International Journal of Endorsing Health Science Research 3, no. 3 (2015): 22–26. https://doi.org/10.29052/IJEHSR.v3.i3.2015.22-26.

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Abstract This paper reflects on a novel concept of automation in the health care sector. The idea is to design an automatic system (AHCU) capable of performing remote physical examination with blood glucose estimation, pulse rate measurement, body mass measurement and body temperature measurement. The medical automatic system is consisted of a built-in dispenser to provide front-desk medicines to patient and also prescription in hard copy as well as in soft copy. In the Karachi city, we conducted first focus groups with doctors in order to identify how the remote medical diagnostician system i

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Waru, Djuriatno, Maulana Eka, Hasan, Dodi Arisandi Effendi, and Wijono. "Velocity measurement based on inertial measuring unit." TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control 17, no. 4 (2019): 1898–906. https://doi.org/10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v17i4.11826.

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Vehicles technology have been a priority area of research over the last few decades. With the increasing the use of electronic components in the automotive industry to measure conditions around the vehicle, the focus of automotive technology development is now leading to the development of active technology. Information on the speed of conventional vehicles is generally still obtained based on the rotation of the wheel, but there are weakness in the system that is the diference between wheel and road through vehicle also changes wheel radius of the vehicle due to wind tube air preasure that ca

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Pandey, Rachana, Dr H. K. Verma, Dr Arun Parakh, and Dr Cheshta Jain Khare. "Optimization of Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) Placement: A Review." International Journal of Emerging Science and Engineering 7, no. 4 (2021): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijese.e2518.117421.

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In today’s world, a Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is a crucial component of our power network for managing, controlling, and monitoring. PMU can provide synchronized voltage current, and frequency measurements in real time. We can't put a PMU in every bus in the electrical grid because it's not viable from a productivity and economic standpoint, and it's also not practical for handling huge data. As a result, it's critical to reduce the amount of PMU in the power network while also increasing the power network's observability. The optimal PMU placement problem is solved using a variety of meth

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Son, Jinwoong, Junho Hong, and Taeyun Aum. "An Experimental Study of the Applicability of the Outdoor Air Enthalpy Difference Method for Air Source Heat Pumps in Operation through In Situ Measurements." Buildings 13, no. 2 (2023): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020448.

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This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of the outdoor air enthalpy difference method for air source heat pumps (ASHP) in operation through quantitative analysis using field tests. In this context, field measurements were performed on a single ASHP, and the results were compared with other in situ measurement methods. The main results are as follows. The analysis of the distribution of the discharge temperature of the outdoor unit suggested that the temperature between the hub and tip on the outlet of the outdoor unit can represent the discharge temperature, enabling further simplificat

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Sulaberidze, V. D., and E. Skorniakova. "Metrological traceability of reference measurement procedures." Issues of radio electronics, no. 10 (December 16, 2020): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21778/2218-5453-2020-10-6-12.

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Metrological traceability is a key concept of measurement uniformity assurance, characterizing the property of a measurement result, according to which it can be correlated with a reference for comparison through a documented continuous chain of calibrations, each of which contributes to measurement uncertainty. A unit of measurement through its practical implementation, or a measurement technique that includes a unit of measurement for quantities other than ordinal, or a standard can serve as a basis for comparison. However, for many objects in biotechnology and medicine a system for confirmi

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Mosckalev, Andrew A., and Ardi Rahman. "Improvement of the Russian National Secondary Standard of the Unit of Length Using Latest Ultra-Stable Laser Equipment." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics 22, no. 4 (2019): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2019-22-4-109-114.

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Introduction. Increasing demands of precise geometry measurements by science and industry cause the necessity of improvement in an associated branch of legal and practical metrology. One of the most significant fields is the measurement of internal dimensions and so the issues with the unit of meter transfer. Now we face the situation when the current accuracies of National standards of different levels in corresponding traceability chain (reference rings measurements) get close to each other. This means that we have to make the standard of upper level more precise. One of the obvious ways is

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Oh, D., W. Lim, and N. Lee. "Concurrent validity and intra-trial reliability of a bluetooth-embedded inertial measurement unit for real-time joint range of motion." International Journal of Computer Science in Sport 18, no. 3 (2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijcss-2019-0015.

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Abstract Along with advancements in science and technology, anthropometric measurements using electronic devices have become possible, and research is being actively conducted on this topic. Recently, devices using Bluetooth that are portable because of their small size have been developed to allow real-time measurements and recording. This study investigated the concurrent validity and intra-trial reliability of a recently developed Bluetooth-embedded inertial measurement unit. Thirty-seven healthy, young adult participants (age = 22.1±1.2 years, height = 166.8±1.6 cm, mass = 61.9±12.3 kg) we

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Tanaka, Kazuhide, Dan Nakaya, Yuki Kondo, and Ichiro Yoshida. "A Study on Optimal Voltage of Electromagnet for Precision Measuring Robot During Surface Roughness Measurement by Vibration Analysis." International Journal of Automation Technology 15, no. 4 (2021): 537–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2021.p0537.

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In electric power stations, precision surface roughness measurements are performed for environmental loading reduction, quality assurance, and safety. These measurements are performed manually at high places, narrow places, uncomfortable environments, etc. Therefore, workers in power stations experience a lot of hardship and are exposed to danger. To solve these issues, this study researched and developed a crawler-type robot with high measurement accuracy. Conventionally, robots that supply workpieces for surface roughness instruments have been developed. However, to the best of our knowledge

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Donchenko, S. I., O. V. Denisenko, I. S. Silvestrov, A. V. Mazurkevich, and V. I. Lesnichenko. "State primary special standard of the unit of length GET 199-2024: ensuring the uniformity of measurements of high-precision total stations and their analogues in the mode of three-dimensional measurements." Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika, no. 1 (March 8, 2024): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2024-1-12-18.

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The metrological support of optical-electronic means of measuring spatial coordinates is described. To meet modern consumer requirements for the accuracy of measurements of spatial coordinates with electronic tacheometers and their analogues (laser scanners, absolute trackers), the State primary special standard of the unit of length GET 199-2024 includes technical means for reproducing, storing and transmitting the unit of length in three-dimensional measurement mode. A reference complex of three-dimensional measurements (coordinate measurements, coordinate increments) has been developed and

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Larey, Ariel, Eliel Aknin, and Itzik Klein. "Feasibility Study of Multi Inertial Measurement Unit." Proceedings 42, no. 1 (2019): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-6-06582.

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An inertial measurement unit (IMU) typically has three accelerometers and three gyroscopes. The output of those inertial sensors is used by an inertial navigation system to calculate the navigation solution–position, velocity and attitude. Since the sensor measurements contain noise, the navigation solution drifts over time. When considering low cost sensors, multiple IMUs can be used to improve the performance of a single unit. In this paper, we describe our designed 32 multi-IMU (MIMU) architecture and present experimental results using this system. To analyze the sensory data, a dedicated s

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Rahmati, Abouzar. "Accurate Real-Time Measurements of the Smart Grid Phasor Measurement Unit Parameters." Electric Power Components and Systems 44, no. 16 (2016): 1815–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15325008.2015.1114049.

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32

Rachana, Pandey, Verma H.K., Parakh Arun, and Jain Khare Cheshta. "Optimization of Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) Placement: A Review." International Journal of Emerging Science and Engineering (IJESE) 7, no. 4 (2021): 9–13. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijese.E2518.117421.

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In today’s world, a Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is a crucial component of our power network for managing, controlling, and monitoring. PMU can provide synchronized voltage current, and frequency measurements in real time. We can't put a PMU in every bus in the electrical grid because it's not viable from a productivity and economic standpoint, and it's also not practical for handling huge data. As a result, it's critical to reduce the amount of PMU in the power network while also increasing the power network's observability. The optimal PMU placement problem is solv

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33

Lewin, Max, Carina Price, and Christopher Nester. "Validation of the RunScribe inertial measurement unit for walking gait measurement." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (2022): e0273308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273308.

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Introduction The use of portable gait measurement systems in research is appealing to collect real-world data at low-cost, low participant burden, and without requirement for dedicated lab space. Most commercially available inertial measurement units (IMU’s) designed for running only capture temporospatial data, the ability to capture biomechanics data such as shock and motion metrics with the RunScribe IMU makes it the closest to a lab alternative. The RunScribe system has been validated in running, however, is yet to be validated for walking. Method Qualisys motion capture, AMTI force plates

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Qin, Jianhua, Jiangnan Wang, Zhenfeng Dong, Wei Lu, Jiangbo Zhang, and Huancheng Ma. "Optimal Configuration of Distribution Network Wideband Measurement Unit Considering Wideband Measurement." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2477, no. 1 (2023): 012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2477/1/012045.

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Abstract With the large-scale integration of distributed generation (DG) and the increase in interaction with users, a large amount of wide-band information other than power frequency has been introduced into the distribution networks. The synchronous wide-band measurement is an important means to improve the situational awareness ability of the distribution network operation, hence, its optimization configuration has received more and more attention. To achieve the full observability of the network with the least measurement devices and achieve the goal of more accurate wide-band state estima

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Schofield, David, Debashish Mohapatra, Harold R. Chamorro, Juan Manuel Roldan-Fernandez, Kouzou Abdellah, and Francisco Gonzalez-Longatt. "Design and Implementation of Low-Cost Phasor Measurement Unit: PhasorsCatcher." Energies 15, no. 9 (2022): 3172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093172.

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The need for Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) is rising as renewable energy sources become more prevalent in power networks since the rate of change of frequency is being deteriorated. Appropriate and accurate network measurements are a requirement for the precise monitoring and control of the system. This paper presents a low-cost PMU development, the so-called PhasorsCatcher, for the frequency and rate of change of frequency measurements in power networks, using sufficient but straightforward modular and reconfigurable friendly technology for its implementation. The entire hardware design, sc

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Schofield, David, Debashish Mohapatra, Harold R. Chamorro, Juan Manuel Roldan-Fernandez, Kouzou Abdellah, and Francisco Gonzalez-Longatt. "Design and Implementation of Low-Cost Phasor Measurement Unit: PhasorsCatcher." Energies 15, no. 9 (2022): 3172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093172.

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The need for Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) is rising as renewable energy sources become more prevalent in power networks since the rate of change of frequency is being deteriorated. Appropriate and accurate network measurements are a requirement for the precise monitoring and control of the system. This paper presents a low-cost PMU development, the so-called PhasorsCatcher, for the frequency and rate of change of frequency measurements in power networks, using sufficient but straightforward modular and reconfigurable friendly technology for its implementation. The entire hardware design, sc

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Liu, Shucong, Dezhi Zheng, Tianhao Wang, Mengxi Dai, Rui Li, and Qingshan Feng. "A novel algorithm for pipeline displacement and bending strain of in-line inspection based on inertia measurement technology." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 12 (2018): 168781401881675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018816755.

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The in-line inspection tool with Inertial Measurement Unit tool is becoming a routine and important practice for many pipeline companies and is effective for whole-line bending strain measurement. However, the measurements of Inertial Measurement Unit tool are always affected by noises and errors, which are caused by inherent inaccuracies and deficiencies of the experimental techniques and measuring devices. For the calculations of the bending strain, the results are very sensitive to the noises and errors. A filtering algorithm based on cubic spline interpolation was proposed for Inertial Mea

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McAlpine, R. S., and B. M. Wotton. "The use of fractal dimension to improve wildland fire perimeter predictions." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 6 (1993): 1073–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-137.

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Fire managers currently use simple elliptical models to predict the perimeter of a fire when the fire starts from a single point. However, when examined closely wildland fire perimeters are highly irregular. We tested the hypothesis that a fire is actually fractal in nature and thus the true length of a fire perimeter depends on the amount of fine-edge detail included in the measurement. The amount of perimeter detail incorporated is dependent on the length of the base unit of measurement; the longer the unit, the less the perimeter detail, and the shorter the perimeter. Different forest fire

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Fang, Susu, Zengcai Wang, and Lei Zhao. "Research on the automotive sensor–aided low-cost inertial navigation system for land vehicles." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 1 (2019): 168781401882287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018822876.

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When a low-cost micro-electro-mechanical system inertial measurement unit is used for a vehicle navigation system, errors will quickly accumulate because of the large micro-electro-mechanical system sensor measurement noise. To solve this problem, an automotive sensor–aided low-cost inertial navigation system is proposed in this article. The error-state model of the strapdown inertial navigation system has been derived, and the measurements from the wheel speed sensor and steer angle sensor are used as the new observation vector. Then, the micro-electro-mechanical system inertial measurement u

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Steele, Diana F. "Assessment in Action: Mrs. Grant's Measurement Unit." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 7, no. 5 (2002): 266–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.7.5.0266.

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NCTM's Professional standards for teaching Mathematics (1991) describes teaching as a complex series of decisions that includes selecting, creating, and adapting appropriate instructional tasks; establishing and sustaining a positive learning environment; and analyzing the learning results of chosen tasks. For teachers to perform all these activities, they must continually integrate assessment into their instruction. This continual assessment serves as the means for monitoring students' understanding and making instructional decisions. Chambers (1993) noted, “Every instructional activity is an

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Avrutov, Vadim V. "Scalar Diagnostics of the Inertial Measurement Unit." International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications 7, no. 11 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijisa.2015.11.01.

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Vujicic, D., R. Pavlovic, Z. Cvetkovic, S. Randjic, and D. Jagodic. "Telescope pointing based on inertial measurement unit." Serbian Astronomical Journal, no. 194 (2017): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/saj1794101v.

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In this paper we study the problem of how to determine the coordinates of a point a telescope is directed to on the basis of data obtained from a 9DOF sensor board. On the 9DOF sensor board there are three sensors: the gyroscope, accelerometer and magnetometer. By combining the data from all the three sensors one obtains the Eulerian angles in the system tied to the sensor board. The Eulerian angles are transformed into the horizontal and equatorial coordinates in order to obtain the point the telescope is directed to.

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Nečas, Jan, Tomáš Mlčák, Jiří Zegzulka, and Roman Hrbáč. "Optimization of Drive Unit through Load Measurement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 260-261 (December 2012): 494–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.260-261.494.

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The basis is a device that contains tension sensor. The output of tension sensor is associated with the input control unit. The tension sensor is connected between the two loads. The sensing signal is processed using a PC measuring card with special software. The resulting device will be part of trains. Data sensing by this device will be transmitted from the PC to the control unit.

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44

Ming-Jun Hsiao, Jing-Reng Huang, and Tsin-Yuan Chang. "A built-in parametric timing measurement unit." IEEE Design and Test of Computers 21, no. 4 (2004): 322–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mdt.2004.22.

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Djuriatno, Waru, Eka Maulana, Hasan Hasan, Effendi Dodi Arisandi, and Wijono Wijono. "Velocity measurement based on inertial measuring unit." TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) 17, no. 4 (2019): 1898. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/telkomnika.v17i4.11826.

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Dazhen Gu, D. K. Walker, and J. Randa. "Variable Termination Unit for Noise-Parameter Measurement." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 58, no. 4 (2009): 1072–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2008.2007055.

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Tang, Yi-hua, Gerard N. Stenbakken, and Allen Goldstein. "Calibration of Phasor Measurement Unit at NIST." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 62, no. 6 (2013): 1417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2013.2240951.

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Hoflinger, Fabian, Jorg Muller, Rui Zhang, Leonhard M. Reindl, and Wolfram Burgard. "A Wireless Micro Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 62, no. 9 (2013): 2583–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2013.2255977.

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Ding, M., Qi Wang, G. Shen, and P. Zhao. "A Novel Non-Gyro Inertial Measurement Unit." Key Engineering Materials 295-296 (October 2005): 583–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.295-296.583.

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Sui, Jien De, and Tian Sheuan Chang. "Deep Gait Tracking With Inertial Measurement Unit." IEEE Sensors Letters 3, no. 11 (2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lsens.2019.2947625.

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