Academic literature on the topic 'United Farm Workers'
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Journal articles on the topic "United Farm Workers"
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Gunter, Lewell F. "Wage Determination for Regular Hired Farm Workers: An Empirical Analysis for Georgia." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 18, no. 2 (December 1986): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0081305200006245.
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AbstractRegular hired farm workers, performing 150 days or more of farm work annually, became increasingly important in the 1970's. The number of regular hired workers in the United States increased by almost 50 percent during the decade, while the number of seasonal workers, operators, and unpaid family workers declined. Pricing of regular hired labor is investigated through estimation of three nested wage determination models in a case study analysis for Georgia. Micro-level data on individual workers were used to analyze the effects of general human capital, farm worker duties, local labor market conditions, and farm characteristics on wage rates.
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Garcia, Matt. "A Moveable Feast: The UFW Grape Boycott and Farm Worker Justice." International Labor and Working-Class History 83 (2013): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547913000021.
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When most people think of the United Farm Workers, two things come to mind: Cesar Chávez and the grape boycott. Regarding the former, Chávez distinguished himself as perhaps the best-known Mexican American labor and civil rights leader in the country through his advocacy for farm worker rights in California during the 1960s and 1970s. In 1970, the union he led forced growers to the bargaining table for the first farm labor contracts in the history of the Golden State. This achievement would not have been possible without Chávez's embrace of the boycott, a strategy that, until proven important to the struggle, had been regarded by labor leaders as supplemental to the main strategies of strikes and marches. In fact, when we evaluate the contributions of the United Farm Workers to the history of labor in the United States, the grape boycott might well be its most enduring legacy, even more so than Chávez's leadership.
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Martin, Philip. "Immigration Policy and Agriculture: Possible Directions for the Future." Journal on Migration and Human Security 5, no. 2 (June 2017): 252–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/233150241700500202.
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Presidential candidate Trump in 2016 promised to prevent unauthorized migration and deport unauthorized foreigners in the United States, and President Trump issued executive orders after taking office in January 2017 that could lead to a 2,000-mile wall on the Mexico-US border and the removal of many of the 11 million unauthorized foreigners, including one million who work in US agriculture. This paper emphasizes that, especially agriculture in the western United States, has long relied on newcomers to fill seasonal farm jobs. The slowdown in Mexico-US migration since 2008–09 means that there are fewer flexible newcomers to supplement the current workforce, which is aging and settled. Farm employers are responding by offering bonuses to satisfy current workers, stretching them with productivity-increasing tools, substituting machines for workers, and supplementing current workforces with legal H-2A guest workers. Immigration policy will influence the choice between mechanization, guest workers, and imports. Several factors suggest that the United States may be poised to embark on another large-scale guest worker program for agriculture. If it does, farmers should begin to pay Social Security and Unemployment Insurance (UI) taxes on the wages of H-2A workers to foster mechanization and development in the workers' communities of origin by dividing these payroll taxes equally between workers as they depart and commodity-specific boards. Worker departure bonuses could be matched by governments in migrant-sending areas to promote development, and commodity-specific boards could spend monies to reduce dependence on hand labor over time. The economic incentives provided by payroll taxes could help to usher in a new and better era of farm labor.
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Yates, Michael D. "The Rise and Fall of the United Farm Workers." Monthly Review 62, no. 1 (May 6, 2010): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14452/mr-062-01-2010-05_6.
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Duke, Michael, Claudia Santelices, Anna Nicolaysen, and Merrill Singer. ""No Somos La Migra": The Challenges of Research Among Stationary Mexican Farmworkers in the Northeastern United States." Practicing Anthropology 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.25.1.9515711m541533h1.
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Engaging migrant farm workers in outreach, whether for social services or as participants in research projects, is particularly difficult. As a transient, semi-skilled, and largely undocumented workforce, migrant workers are understandably reluctant to engage with anyone whom they feel may jeopardize their already precarious situation. However, engaging with non-migrant farm workers presents its own unique challenges as well.
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Aguirre, Michael D. "Identities, Quandaries, and Emotions." Southern California Quarterly 102, no. 3 (2020): 222–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/scq.2020.102.3.222.
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The issue of transborder mobility posed a dilemma for U.S. labor organizations and for border communities that embraced workers, customers, and family connections from Mexico. Labor leaders including Ernesto Galarza of the National Farm Labor Union (NFLU) and César Chávez of the United Farm Workers (UFW) had to find ways of protecting U.S. citizen workers and yet humanely addressing the plight of resident aliens, permitted commuters, and undocumented workers from Mexico. Their strategies involved knowledge production and had to accommodate emotions. The article focuses on the Imperial-Mexicali borderlands, 1950s–1970s.
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Ragland, John D., and Alan L. Berman. "Farm Crisis and Suicide: Dying on the Vine?" OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 22, no. 3 (May 1991): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/dyju-jx3x-6b76-64e7.
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The relationship between the farm economic crisis and farmer suicide rates was examined using data from fifteen states in the United States from 1980 to 1985. Suicide frequencies for farmers and two control occupations (forestry and transportation workers) were obtained, and the 1980 U.S. Census occupational population data were used to convert these frequencies into suicide rates. Suicide rates for farmers were found to be greater than rates for transportation workers (truck drivers), but no different from rates for forestry workers. A significant positive correlation between the “declining farm economy” and “increasing state suicide rates” was also found.
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Hoffman, Beatrix. ""¡Viva La Clinica!": The United Farm Workers' Fight for Medical Care." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 93, no. 4 (2019): 518–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2019.0071.
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Das, Rupali, Andrea Steege, Sherry Baron, John Beckman, and Robert Harrison. "Pesticide-related Illness among Migrant Farm Workers in the United States." International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health 7, no. 4 (October 2001): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/oeh.2001.7.4.303.
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Higbie, Frank Tobias. "Rural Work, Household Subsistence, and the North American Working Class: A View from the Midwest." International Labor and Working-Class History 65 (April 2004): 50–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547904000055.
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This essay examines seasonal rural work as part of the survival strategies of rural and urban households and individuals in the Midwestern United States. Using workers' memoirs and data from government investigations, the lives of so-called “hobo” workers are examined in relation to communities, labor markets, gender and sexuality, and class formation. “Hobo” was a colloquial term for seasonal migrant workers; most were young, immigrant and US-born men of European ancestry employed in crop harvesting, logging, mining, railroad construction, and other short-term jobs. The seasonal labor market drew together a heterogeneous workforce including farm owners, farm laborers, displaced industrial workers, and young men seeking adventure, as well as criminals, marginally employable drunkards, and disabled men. The essay traces the lives of individual workers, explains labor market structures, and places the mostly-male seasonal workforce in the context of families and communities. The history of rural work in the Midwestern US confounds notions of class formation that posit a one-way trip from peasant to worker, and suggests the ways in which theories of class formation have leaned too heavily on an unexamined image of rural life.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "United Farm Workers"
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McLochlin, Dustin. "American Catholicism and farm labor activism the Farm Labor Aid Committee of Indiana as a case study /." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1219166598.
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Grace, Ellen. "La Causa Para La Raza: The Educative Processes and Development of Knowledge in the United Farm Workers from 1962 to 1970." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30408.
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This historical study examined the educative processes and development of knowledge in the social movement of the United Farm Workers from 1962 to 1970. Materials for this study were found in the archives of Labor History and Urban Affairs at the Walter Reuther Library at Wayne State University and from secondary sources. A conceptual framework for this study was built upon the theories and positions of those from adult education, educational history, and sociology.
This study found that adult learning outside of formal, institutional education can be empowering and life changing as well as providing valuable skills. The learning that occurred in Cesar Chavez's adult life strongly influenced him to leave the migrant stream and establish a community union and social movement. Likewise, the educative processes within the United Farm Workers (UFW) were empowering and prompted farm workers collectively to takes risks to challenge the status quo in their quest for social change. In addition to empowerment, this study determined that the UFW provided numerous educational opportunities for its members to enhance their work, writing, speaking, leadership, and organizational skills.
This study determined that Chavez's role in the UFW was inherently educative and that the UFW generated knowledge to society that affected social change. As the movement intellectual, Chavez defined the identity and interests of the social movement to society. Chavez's message was clear. La Causa Para La Raza sought dignity and economic and social justice for the farm workers. The purpose of la causa was for farm workers to gain greater control over their lives and to become more active participants in a democratic society. In 1970, for the first time in the history of farm labor, the UFW succeeded in gaining union contracts from twenty-six major growers in California. Social and economic justice had been won.
Conclusions drawn from the study indicate that as a social movement during the period between 1962 and 1970 the UFW offered unique and diverse educational opportunities and experiences for Mexican American farm workers that would not have been possible in institutional education. The UFW demonstrated the diversity and power of educative processes in a social movement for those alienated from formal education. In the tradition of Dewey, Lindeman, and Freire, the UFW represented education for social change.Ed. D.
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Butler, Tracy A. "Gender, labor, and capitalism in U.S.-Mexican relations, 1942-2000." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1243907962.
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Lutz, Cullen Clark. ""Documenting" East Texas: Spirit of Place in the Photography of Keith Carter." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2625/.
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This thesis examines similarities in photographs made by the contemporary photographer Keith Carter and photographers active with the Farm Security Administration during the 1930s. Stylistically and in function, works by Carter and these photographers comment on social and cultural values of a region. This thesis demonstrates that many of Carter's black and white photographs continue, contribute to, and expand traditions in American documentary photography established in the 1930s. These traditions include the representation of a specific geographic place that evokes the spirit of a time and place, and the ability to communicate to a viewer certain social conditions and values related to such a place.
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Harden, Margaret Jean Pena. "A life time of labor activism Dolores Huerta and the United Farm Workers /." 2003. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/harden%5Fmargaret%5Fjp5F200305%5Fma.
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Keel, Roneva C. "Si Se Puede: The United Farm Workers, Civil Rights, and the Struggle for Justice in the Fields." 2012. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/835.
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Since the system of industrial agriculture first emerged in mid-nineteenth century California, farm workers have been among the lowest-paid and ill treated workers in America’s labor force. Racism, nativism, and the entrenched political power of large-scale growers have combined to ensure that the predominantly non-white, largely foreign-born farm labor force has had little voice in the workplace. The United Farm Worker movement of the 1960s and the 1970s was the largest and most successful effort to alter the dynamics of farm worker power in the United States, giving farm workers greater autonomy in the workplace and resulting in concrete gains in terms of wages and working conditions. The UFW’s efforts culminated in the 1975 passage of California’s Agricultural Labor Relations Act (ALRA), the nation’s first ever law to guarantee farm workers the right to collectively bargain and form unions.
But with the passage of the ALRA, the dynamics of power in farm labor relations changed once again; the future of the union would depend upon its ability to adapt to these new realities.
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Rose, Margaret Eleanor. "Women in the United Farm Workers a study of Chicana and Mexicana participation in a labor union, 1950-1980 /." 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/21134965.html.
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Jensen, Heather. "Unionization of agricultural workers in British Columbia." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4452.
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This thesis provides a multi-method – historical, quantitative, qualitative, and jurisprudential – socio-legal case study of the unionization of agricultural workers in British Columbia. Agricultural employees have access to the Labour Relations Code of British Columbia. A historical examination of exclusion of agricultural workers from labour relations legislation from 1937 to 1975 explores the rationale behind labour relations laws and the political context of the legislative exclusion. Next, economic aspects of BC’s agricultural sector are described, with a focus on employment characteristics and the regionalised nature of agricultural production. Finally, this thesis explains the legal aspects of an ongoing campaign by the United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW) to unionize migrant and resident agricultural workers. The union organizing campaign shows how legal labour relations processes operate in relation to migrant workers in a sector with low rates of unionization and high rates of precarious and low-paid, dangerous work.Graduate
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"Ghostworkers and Greens: Collaborative Engagements in Pesticide Reform, 1962-2011." Doctoral diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.9276.
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abstract: Growers and the USDA showed increasing favor for agricultural chemicals over cultural and biological forms of pest control through the first half of the twentieth century. With the introduction of DDT and other synthetic chemicals to commercial markets in the post-World War II era, pesticides became entrenched as the primary form of pest control in the industrial agriculture production system. Despite accumulating evidence that some pesticides posed a threat to human and environmental health, growers and government exercised path-dependent behavior in the development and implementation of pest control strategies. As pests developed resistance to regimens of agricultural chemicals, growers applied pesticides with greater toxicity in higher volumes to their fields with little consideration for the unintended consequences of using the economic poisons. Consequently, pressure from non-governmental organizations proved a necessary predicate for pesticide reform. This dissertation uses a series of case studies to examine the role of non-governmental organizations, particularly environmental organizations and farmworker groups, in pesticide reform from 1962 to 2011. For nearly fifty years, these groups served as educators, communicating scientific and experiential information about the adverse effects of pesticides on human health and environment to the public, and built support for the amendment of pesticide policies and the alteration of pesticide use practices. Their efforts led to the passage of more stringent regulations to better protect farmworkers, the public, and the environment. Environmental organizations and farmworker groups also acted as watchdogs, monitoring the activity of regulatory agencies and bringing suit when necessary to ensure that they fulfilled their responsibilities to the public. This dissertation will build on previous scholarly work to show increasing collaboration between farmworker groups and environmental organizations. It argues that the organizations shared a common concern about the effects of pesticides on human health, which enabled bridge-builders within the disparate organizations to foster cooperative relationships. Bridge-building proved a mutually beneficial exercise. Variance in organizational strategies and the timing of different reform efforts limited, but did not eliminate, opportunities for collaboration. Coalitions formed when groups came together temporarily, and then drifted apart when a reform effort reached its terminus, leaving future collaboration still possible.Dissertation/Thesis
Ph.D. History 2011
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COIN, Francesca. "Pickles and pickets after NAFTA: Globalization, agribusiness, the United States-Mexico food-chain, and farm-worker struggles in North Carolina." Doctoral thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10278/4293.
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This dissertation analyzes the changes introduced in the U.S.-Mexico food-chain, and the ways in which the multinational corporations that control the food industrial complex from seed to shelves have altered the labor dynamics of farm-workers. Over the past two decades, U.S. agribusiness and big retail-chains such as Wal-Mart have reached the top of the food pyramid and have come to control the process of production, supply, and distribution of agricultural inputs and perishable food. My study analyzes the impact of U.S. agribusiness on growers and farm-workers, focusing on how the integration of agriculture into a "free-trade" world economy has affected the working conditions of farm-labor. It explores how migrant farm-workers have responded to their deteriorating labor conditions with a campaign led by the Farm-Labor Organizing Committee (FLOC) that involved innovative cross-border grassroots tactics and strategy. It traces how this campaign culminated in the achievement of the first labor contract for guest-workers in U.S. history. Based on participant observation, interviews with the workers and their union leaders, and the analysis of workers' grievances, I conclude that such a reorganization of the farm-labor movement at the grassroots level is crucial to the creation of a food-chain that is capable of satisfying the needs of production and consumption for the global population.
Books on the topic "United Farm Workers"
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Bruns, Roger. Cesar Chavez and the United Farm Workers movement. Santa Barbara, Calif: Greenwood, 2011.
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(Firm), Primary Source Media. Collections of the United Farm Workers of America .: Office files of the President of the United Farm Workers of America. Woodbridge, CT: Primary Source Media, Gale Cengage Learning, 2009.
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Dept, United Farm Workers of America Work. Collections of the United Farm Workers of America: Papers of the United Farm Workers of America Work Department, 1969-1975. Woodbridge, CT: Primary Source Media, 2009.
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(Firm), Primary Source Media. Collections of the United Farm Workers of America: Office files of the President of the United Farm Workers of America. Woodbridge, CT: Primary Source Media, 2009.
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(Firm), Primary Source Media. Collections of the United Farm Workers of America: Office files of the President of the United Farm Workers of America. Woodbridge, CT: Primary Source Media, 2009.
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United Farm Workers of America. Work Dept. Collections of the United Farm Workers of America: Papers of the United Farm Workers of America Work Department, 1969-1975. Woodbridge, CT: Primary Source Media, 2009.
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(Firm), Primary Source Media. Collections of the United Farm Workers of America .: Office files of the President of the United Farm Workers of America. Woodbridge, CT: Primary Source Media, Gale Cengage Learning, 2009.
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America, United Farm Workers of. Collections of the United Farm Workers of America: Papers of the United Farm Workers of America Administration Department, 1960-1975. Woodbridge, CT: Primary Source Media, 2010.
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National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health., ed. Injuries among farm workers in the United States, 1993. [Atlanta, Ga.]: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1997.
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Myers, John R. Injuries among farm workers in the United States, 1994. [Atlanta, Ga.?]: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "United Farm Workers"
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Sandovici, Maria Elena. "Legal Yet Enslaved: The Case of Migrant Farm Workers in the United States." In The SAGE Handbook of Human Trafficking and Modern Day Slavery, 424–33. 1 Oliver's Yard, 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781526436146.n22.
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Flores, Lori A. "The United Farm Workers Union and the Use of the Boycott Against American Agribusiness." In Boycotts Past and Present, 157–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94872-0_9.
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Rivera-Batiz, Francisco L. "Undocumented workers in the labor market: An analysis of the earnings of legal and illegal Mexican immigrants in the United States." In How Labor Migrants Fare, 307–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24753-1_14.
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"1 The United Farm Workers." In Continuing La Causa, 1–10. Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781626373181-003.
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Martin, Philip. "Farm Workers in the United States." In Bracero 2.0, 94—C5P55. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197699973.003.0005.
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Abstract Agriculture has unusual demographics. Most farm employers are older, white, and US citizens, while most farm workers are younger, minority, and noncitizens. The slowdown in unauthorized Mexico-US migration since 2008–9 means that there is an aging and settled Mexican-born farm workforce as well as youthful Mexican H-2A guest workers. Half of US farm workers are in the Pacific coast states, including a third in California, where state governments have enacted laws that require farm workers to be treated like nonfarm workers. This chapter opens several windows onto farm workers, explaining why and how the data sources vary in size and clarity to explain who works on US farms but converge in showing that US farm workers include a shrinking number of unauthorized and nonmigrant farm workers alongside a rising number of younger Mexican H-2A guest workers who fill seasonal farm jobs.
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Martin, Philip. "Farm Workers in Mexico." In Bracero 2.0, 79—C4P49. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197699973.003.0004.
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Abstract Who works on Mexican farms? This question is difficult to answer due to incomplete data and an agricultural system that includes both modern farms that export most of what they produce and subsistence farms that barely feed farm families. Up 25,000 Mexican farms employ about 750,000 workers to produce fruits and vegetables that are exported mostly to the United States. These export farms resemble modern farms in Canada and the United States, with college-educated and English-speaking managers who are attuned to food safety requirements in foreign markets. Export farms hire local residents with little education as well as internal migrants, many of whom are from Mexico’s poorer southern states. As periods of employment lengthen in export agriculture, more southern Mexicans are settling near their places of employment in northern Mexico.
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"The United Farm Workers of America." In American Labor in the Southwest, 105–11. University of Arizona Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2vt03fh.13.
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Martin, Philip. "United States." In Bracero 2.0, 35—C3F7. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197699973.003.0003.
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Abstract American farmers produce food and fiber for over 330 million Americans and export almost 40 percent of the $400 billion worth of crops and livestock they produce each year. Most US farms are operated by families to produce grain and livestock, but most US-produced fresh fruits and vegetables are from large commercial enterprises that each employ hundreds or thousands of seasonal workers, 70 percent of whom were born in Mexico. The settled Mexican-born workforce that arrived illegally in the 1990s is aging and being replaced by younger Mexicans, promising a new era of dependence on legal Mexican guest workers to fill seasonal farm jobs. The bracero programs, begun during World War I and World War II, usually involved workers who lived on and were employed by the farms where they worked. Many H-2A guest workers today are brought to farms by nonfarm employers such as labor contractors and housed in motels in urban areas.
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Chávez, Alicia. "Dolores Huerta And The United Farm Workers." In Latina Legacies, 240–54. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195153989.003.0016.
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Abstract While she appears mild-mannered and even soft-spoken, Dolores Huerta has been a fearless warrior in her career as an activist. Unflappable as a union organizer, uncompromising as a contract negotiator, unapologetic as she lived against the grain of the social and political norms of her era, she leaves an indelible legacy of labor-organizing in U.S. history. In 1962, after almost a decade of activism in the Stockton, California, chapter of the Community Service Organization, a self-help Mexican American civil rights organization, Huerta joined fellow activist César Chávez in co- founding the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) to address the issues of migrant farm workers in California.
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Martin, Philip. "US Farm Labor." In The Prosperity Paradox, 29–66. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867845.003.0004.
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Hired farm workers do two-thirds of US farm work. The hired labor system that developed in the western US in the nineteenth century has spread across the US, as the large farms that hire most farm workers expect seasonal crews to be available when needed and to fend for themselves in the off season. The major source of seasonal US farm workers is rural Mexico. Most Mexicans arrive as unauthorized workers and move to nonfarm US jobs after gaining experience in the US. Unions such as the United Farm Workers tried and failed to turn seasonal farm work from a decade-long job into a lifelong career. Farm-labor costs have been rising since the 2008–9 recession slowed unauthorized Mexico–US migration, prompting the 4-S adjustments: satisfy current workers to reduce turnover; stretch current workers with mechanical aids that increase their productivity; substitute machines for workers where possible and switch to less labor-intensive crops; and supplement current workforces with H-2A guest workers.
Conference papers on the topic "United Farm Workers"
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Troussard, Corentin, Laurent Dufrechou, Pierre-Alain Tremblin, and Yvan Eustache. "Real-Time Monitoring of Coastal & Offshore Construction Noise for Immediate Decision Making." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/217053-ms.
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Abstract With the global awareness of the need to make our energies cleaner, marine constructions, typically wind farms, and especially offshore, have multiplied in recent years, and we can expect to see these numbers increase even more rapidly. The presence of marine mammals during offshore infrastructure works (pile driving, drilling, dredging) is now a major environmental concern, as it has been proven that they could be severely harmed by exceeding noises. In order to safeguard species and their natural habitats, more and more local legislations impose a cap on sound levels caused by all offshore activities. As of 2023, this is the mainly the case in Europe (for instance in the United Kingdom [Joint Nature Conservation Committee - JNCC, Southall et al., 2007; Popper and Hasting, 2009], Germany [Bundesamt fur Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie - BSH (Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency), Muller-BBM, 2011], The Netherlands [Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek - TNO (Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research), 2011], Belgium or Denmark [Danish Energy Agency - DEA, Tougaard et al., 2016]), but Asian countries (Taiwan [Environmental Protection Administration - EPA, 2019] being the best example) and American (USA, Canada) are also implementing similar rules. Wind farms developers therefore are required to measure, monitor, and mitigate noise caused by building work, and, today, underwater noise monitoring regulations are enforced as a means of protecting aquatic life.
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Chase, Maya, Kevin McCallen, Jackie Martin, and Charles Kim. "Generating Interest for Engineering in Early Childhood Education Through a Book About Dissection." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48446.
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In today’s world, it is critical to continually improve and develop new educational practices. Compared to developed and developing countries around the world, especially in science, mathematics, and engineering, the United States is falling behind. One of the most prominent reasons is the lack of interest in these subjects. In order to reverse this trend, it is important to develop new ways to creatively spark interest in engineering and natural sciences early on in a student’s educational career. The scope of this project was to develop a children’s book that introduced mechanical dissections. Along with the book, an in class presentation was developed for early elementary students in Kindergarten and 1st grade, with the goal of inspiring interest in engineering as a whole. This presentation was then used in local elementary school classrooms to gauge how such a program would fare in a typical elementary level classroom. Overall the project produced successful results. Not only were the students intrigued and excited to see the presentation, but they also learned more of the information than was originally expected. Through different media, the students were able to explore and question how and why a household appliance worked. This interaction with engineering concepts at a young age could prove to be very beneficial in the future.
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Lobo, Sabrina Barbirato, Rodrigo Fernandes de Oliveira, and Vinícius Manhães Teles. "eDoc: a documentation tool for UML based models." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Engenharia de Software. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbes.2001.24002.
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The last few years have produced many improvements in software development methodologies and modeling languages. The use of Unified Software Development Process, Unified Modeling Language and Object Oriented languages has proved to be a step forward for every developer who works hard to deliver a good software. However, there is still a lot to do in terms of tools. There are already many good CASE tools as far as drawing is concerned. But it is hard to find one where drawing and documentation can be done consistently and integrated, as they should be. eDoc is a tool which can be integrated with traditional CASE tools in order to provide: visibility over the relationships among model elements, support for requirements capture, explicit linking between requirements and its correspondent use cases, use of templates for documentation, a way for the stakeholder to access the documentation, single glossary and finally consistency between diagram and document.
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De Souza, Lucio. "Imaginarios rurales: el modelo de afincamiento y representación social en la Planificación Rural del Uruguay de Gómez Gavazzo." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Facultad de Arquitectura. Universidad de la República, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6193.
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Entre 1934 y 1952 el Arquitecto Carlos Gómez Gavazzo desarrolla un enfoque de las problemáticas rurales de Latinoamérica y en particular de nuestro país. Ampliando la escala de las preocupaciones, pasa de problematizar la unidad de hábitat familiar del campo a una completa teoría sobre el modo de ordenar la totalidad del territorio productivo rural. Este decurso va acompañado de una formulación precisa de un imaginario radicalmente alternativo al habitual de los trabajadores rurales. Esta tesis busca probar que las condiciones del hábitat propuestas para el ámbito conformarían una red de localizaciones de pequeña escala, de alta densidad y equipada con buen nivel de servicios, es decir, un imaginario netamente urbano para la vida en el campo. Para ello se analizará el proceso de construcción de la problemática rural y se tomará por caso el proyecto para el centro colónico de Chapicuy de 1953. Between 1934 and 1952 the architect Carlos Gómez Gavazzo develops an approach to rural problems of Latin America and particularly in our country. Expanding the scale of the concerns, he goes from the unit family farm habitat to a complete theory on how to order the entire rural productive territory. This pathis accompanied by a precise formulation of a radical alternative to the usual imagery of rural workers. This thesis seeks to prove that the proposed habitat conditions for field locations would form a network of small-scale, high density and equipped with good level of service, ie a distinctly urban life in the countryside imaginary. For this, the process of building rural issues will be discussed and proposed for colonic center Chapicuy 1953 will be taken by case.
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Toyoshima, Akio, Hiroshi Hosaka, and Akira Yamashita. "Development of Small-Sized Motor-Driven Gyroscopic Power Generator Works Under Low-Frequency Vibration." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11115.
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Abstract In order to realize a small-sized energy harvester with high output, this study prototypes a small motor-driven gyroscopic power generator. Supplying energy to sensors and devices is the biggest problem for Internet of Things (IoT) systems. One solution is gyroscopic power generators, which are a type of vibrational generator that amplify the inertia force of weights by rotating them at high speed, and in doing so can obtain greater output than conventional generators that use simple vibration for the same mass weight. This paper reports on a motor-driven type gyroscopic generator in which the flywheel is spun with an embedded motor, and which is superior in applicability to random vibration generators. The generators of this type that have been studied thus far are very large and have been primarily used for wave power generation in the ocean. However, when the shape of this gyroscopic power generator type is miniaturized proportionally, the output per volume decreases in proportion to the fifth power of the dimension. This makes it difficult to maintain the power output while miniaturizing the generator size. In this research, the structure of the gyroscopic power generator is thoroughly refined and miniaturization is realized by making full use of the available space. By using a motor with high design freedom, the spindle motor and flywheel are unified. From this accomplishment, not only is the required space reduced, the number of mechanical parts and the friction loss are decreased as well. The prototype generator has a size of about 150 mm on its long side. When a swinging vibration of 50 degrees in amplitude and 2 Hz in frequency is applied, a net output of 0.104 W is obtained. This output power is sufficient to drive sensors and low power wide area (LPWA) radio circuits.
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Cogut, Sergiu. "An Exponential Work of Literary Modernism Reaching its Centenary." In Conferinta stiintifica nationala "Lecturi în memoriam acad. Silviu Berejan", Ediția 6. “Bogdan Petriceicu-Hasdeu” Institute of Romanian Philology, Republic of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52505/lecturi.2023.06.17.
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2022 was marked by the 100th anniversary of the publication of two literary creations that over time were appreciated as emblematic works of modernism. They are James Joyce’s famous novel Ulysses and Thomas Stearns Eliot’s poem The Waste Land. The latter had an overwhelming impact on subsequent poetry, propelling the author to the top of the hierarchy of poets of the 20th century, although in that era it was perceived as an obscure poetic creation, thus contradicting the literary criticism of the time. In the process of elaboration of his innovative work in both message and form, T. S. Eliot was deeply influenced by the suggestions of his friend, the great American poet Ezra Pound who had the role of mentor for the English author also born in the United States, as he was actively involved in the drafting of the outstanding poem The Waste Land. Through this creation of his, T. S. Eliot asserted himself as a voice of special resonance that highlighted the disintegration, being thus considered an apostle of postmodernism. It is welcome to mention that for an adequate interpretation of this far-reaching work of the last century, it is necessary to clarify and apply the concept of „objective correlative” which was theorized by the same T. S. Eliot in his essay concerning Hamlet.
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Vogel, Matthias, Giuseppe Strina, Christophe Said, and Tobias Schmallenbach. "The evolution of artificial intelligence adoption in industry." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003282.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) in the fourth industrial revolution is a key building block and is becoming more significant as digitization increases.AI implementation in enterprises is increasingly focused on the technological and economic aspects, disregarding the human factors. In this context, the implementation and success of AI technologies depend on employee acceptance. Low employee adoption can lead to poorer performance as well as dissatisfaction. To ensure the expected added value through AI, it is necessary for companies to increase AI acceptance. People see AI as a machine with human intelligence that surpasses employees' capabilities and acts autonomously. Moreover, workers therefore fear that AI will replace humans and that they will lose their jobs in this way. This aspect leads to a distrust of the new technology. This results in a negative attitude towards AI. Since the research field of AI acceptance and its influencing factors have not been sufficiently investigated so far, the aim of this study is to analyze the development of AI acceptance in the industrial environment.In order to achieve the goal of this study, the systematic literature review according to Tranfield et al. (2003) is chosen as the research method, as it draws on previous results and in this way the development of acceptance can be investigated. After discussing the relevance of the topic and the resulting problem, an explanation of the terms that are considered important for the understanding of this study follows. Thereupon the systematic literature research is planned, in which different search terms and databases are determined.In order to analyze the development of the individual aspects, these were then compared with the factors from existing technology acceptance models from earlier years. This provides the insight that the workers without AI experience tend to reject the AI technologies due to the fear of consequences and other factors, therefore, an increase in AI understanding through improved expertise is required. In addition, this work shows that insufficient infrastructure in enterprises slows down AI adoption, which is one of the main problems. Based on the results, a model is established for this purpose, which is compared with the technology acceptance models and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model to show the similarities and differences of the factors of technology acceptance.
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Bartlett, Angela, Mike Davies, Peter Burgess, and Gavin Coppins. "Integrating History and Measurement Into a Case for Site Release." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59131.
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The United Kingdom nuclear research programme started in the 1940s. Research Sites Restoration Limited (RSRL) is responsible for the restoration of two sites which were at the forefront of this research, under a programme funded by the UK Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA). These are the 100 hectare Harwell site in Oxfordshire and the 84 hectare Winfrith site on the south coast of England. The work performed on these sites covered a huge range of nuclides, combinations of nuclides, chemical and physical processes, far more complicated than a power station, for example. The sites have a complex history with records of hundreds of buildings, many kilometres of drainage systems, groundwater contamination issues and land areas which require remediation. Formal work towards site release began in the 1990s, but demolition and clearance for re-use started many years earlier. An efficient restoration programme requires appropriate quality data. It is vital to decide what you need to know and how well you need to know it. As part of this, a challenging number of factors need to be considered in its design. This paper discusses these factors using the examples of the approach used at the Harwell and Winfrith sites including: • historical knowledge and associated uncertainties; • relevant clearance criteria; • availability and limitations of surveying equipment; • effective targeted and validation sampling with appropriate analytical methods; • data capture and analysis techniques; • effective communication between RSRL and the relevant technical teams; • mapping technologies (Global Positioning Systems, Geographical Information Systems); • use of Babcock’s IMAGES land quality software tool; • integration of the above over long time scales. The RSRL programme of works at the Harwell and Winfrith Sites is producing large volumes of different types of information from decommissioning, site investigation and remediation projects. This will be required to be accessible and understandable to support the process of site release which will continue over many years. The paper illustrates the methods by which RSRL is using effective knowledge management to compile a verifiable record to support site release as the site restoration works progress.
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Petrolo, Marco, and Erasmo Carrera. "Best Structural Theories for Free Vibrations of Sandwich Composites via Machine Learning." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10296.
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Abstract This work presents a novel methodology for the development of refined structural theories for the modal analysis of sandwich composites. Such a methodology combines three well-established techniques, namely, the Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF), the Axiomatic/Asymptotic Method (AAM), and Artificial Neural Networks (NN). CUF generates structural theories and finite element arrays hierarchically. CUF provides the training set for the NN in which the structural theories are inputs and the natural frequencies targets. AAM evaluates the influence of each generalized displacement variable, and NN provides Best Theory Diagrams (BTD), i.e., curves providing the minimum number of nodal degrees of freedom required to satisfy a given accuracy requirement. The aim is to build BTD with far less computational cost than in previous works. The numerical results consider sandwich spherical shells with soft cores and different features, such as thickness and curvature to investigate their influence on the choice of generalized displacement variables. The numerical results show the importance of third-order generalized displacement variables and prove that the present framework can be of interest to evaluate the performance of any structural theory as typical design parameters change and provide guidelines to the analysts on the most convenient computational model to save computational cost without accuracy penalties.
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Wilson, Willard. "Waste Combustor Ash Utilization." In 17th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec17-2301.
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The incorporation of municipal solid waste combustor (MWC) ash into bituminous pavements has been investigated in the United States since the middle 1970s. Thus far, most, if not all of these projects, have attempted to answer the questions: Is it safe? Is it feasible? Or does it provide an acceptable product? Polk County Solid Waste located in Northwest Minnesota has now completed three Demonstration Research Projects (DRP) utilizing ash from its municipal solid waste combustor as a partial replacement of aggregate in asphalt road paving projects. The results of these projects show no negative environmental or worker safety issues, and demonstrate improved structural performance and greater flexibility from the ash-amended asphalt as compared to conventional asphalt. Polk County has submitted an application to the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) to obtain a Case-Specific Beneficial Use Determination (CSBUD), which would allow for continued use of ash in road paving projects without prior MPCA approval. However, concerns from the MPCA Air Quality Division regarding a slight increase in mercury emissions during ash amended asphalt production has resulted in a delay in receiving the CSBUD. Polk County decided to take a different approach. In January 2008, Polk submitted and received approval for their fourth ash utilization DRP. This DRP differs from the first three in that the ash will be used as a component in the Class 5 gravel materials to be used for a Polk County Highway Department road rebuilding project. The project involves a 7.5 mile section of County State Aid Highway (CSAH) 41, which conveniently is located about 10 miles south of the Polk County Landfill, where the ash is stored. The CSAH 41 project includes the complete rebuilding and widening of an existing 7.5 mile paved road section. Ash amended Class 5 gravel would be used in the base course under the asphalt paving, and also in the widening and shouldering sections of the road. The top 2 inches of the widening and shouldering areas would be covered with virgin Class 5 and top soil, so that all ash amended materials would be encapsulated. This has been the procedure followed in previous projects. No ash will be used in the asphalt mix for this project. This paper discusses production, cost, performance and environmental issues associated with this 2008 demonstration research project.
Reports on the topic "United Farm Workers"
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Skinner, Makala, and Ioana Hulbert. A*CENSUS II All Archivists Survey Report. Ithaka S+R, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18665/sr.317224.
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Five thousand, six hundred and ninety-nine archivists and memory workers across the United States took the time to share their experiences within the archives profession by completing the A*CENSUS II All Archivists Survey. The All Archivists Survey, fielded 17 years after the original A*CENSUS collected foundational data for the field, provides a measure of how far the field has come in nearly two decades as well as introduces new or expanded areas of exploration, including sections on diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility, community archives, and student loan debt.
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Lazonick, William. Investing in Innovation: A Policy Framework for Attaining Sustainable Prosperity in the United States. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp182.
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“Sustainable prosperity” denotes an economy that generates stable and equitable growth for a large and growing middle class. From the 1940s into the 1970s, the United States appeared to be on a trajectory of sustainable prosperity, especially for white-male members of the U.S. labor force. Since the 1980s, however, an increasing proportion of the U.S labor force has experienced unstable employment and inequitable income, while growing numbers of the business firms upon which they rely for employment have generated anemic productivity growth. Stable and equitable growth requires innovative enterprise. The essence of innovative enterprise is investment in productive capabilities that can generate higher-quality, lower-cost goods and services than those previously available. The innovative enterprise tends to be a business firm—a unit of strategic control that, by selling products, must make profits over time to survive. In a modern society, however, business firms are not alone in making investments in the productive capabilities required to generate innovative goods and services. Household units and government agencies also make investments in productive capabilities upon which business firms rely for their own investment activities. When they work in a harmonious fashion, these three types of organizations—household units, government agencies, and business firms—constitute “the investment triad.” The Biden administration’s Build Back Better agenda to restore sustainable prosperity in the United States focuses on investment in productive capabilities by two of the three types of organizations in the triad: government agencies, implementing the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, and household units, implementing the yet-to-be-passed American Families Act. Absent, however, is a policy agenda to encourage and enable investment in innovation by business firms. This gaping lacuna is particularly problematic because many of the largest industrial corporations in the United States place a far higher priority on distributing the contents of the corporate treasury to shareholders in the form of cash dividends and stock buybacks for the sake of higher stock yields than on investing in the productive capabilities of their workforces for the sake of innovation. Based on analyzes of the “financialization” of major U.S. business corporations, I argue that, unless Build Back Better includes an effective policy agenda to encourage and enable corporate investment in innovation, the Biden administration’s program for attaining stable and equitable growth will fail. Drawing on the experience of the U.S. economy over the past seven decades, I summarize how the United States moved toward stable and equitable growth from the late 1940s through the 1970s under a “retain-and-reinvest” resource-allocation regime at major U.S. business firms. Companies retained a substantial portion of their profits to reinvest in productive capabilities, including those of career employees. In contrast, since the early 1980s, under a “downsize-and-distribute” corporate resource-allocation regime, unstable employment, inequitable income, and sagging productivity have characterized the U.S. economy. In transition from retain-and-reinvest to downsize-and-distribute, many of the largest, most powerful corporations have adopted a “dominate-and-distribute” resource-allocation regime: Based on the innovative capabilities that they have previously developed, these companies dominate market segments of their industries but prioritize shareholders in corporate resource allocation. The practice of open-market share repurchases—aka stock buybacks—at major U.S. business corporations has been central to the dominate-and-distribute and downsize-and-distribute regimes. Since the mid-1980s, stock buybacks have become the prime mode for the legalized looting of the business corporation. I call this looting process “predatory value extraction” and contend that it is the fundamental cause of the increasing concentration of income among the richest household units and the erosion of middle-class employment opportunities for most other Americans. I conclude the paper by outlining a policy framework that could stop the looting of the business corporation and put in place social institutions that support sustainable prosperity. The agenda includes a ban on stock buybacks done as open-market repurchases, radical changes in incentives for senior corporate executives, representation of workers and taxpayers as directors on corporate boards, reform of the tax system to reward innovation and penalize financialization, and, guided by the investment-triad framework, government programs to support “collective and cumulative careers” of members of the U.S. labor force. Sustained investment in human capabilities by the investment triad, including business firms, would make it possible for an ever-increasing portion of the U.S. labor force to engage in the productive careers that underpin upward socioeconomic mobility, which would be manifested by a growing, robust, and hopeful American middle class.
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Lazonick, William, Philip Moss, and Joshua Weitz. Equality Denied: Tech and African Americans. Institute for New Economic Thinking, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp177.
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Thus far in reporting the findings of our project “Fifty Years After: Black Employment in the United States Under the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission,” our analysis of what has happened to African American employment over the past half century has documented the importance of manufacturing employment to the upward socioeconomic mobility of Blacks in the 1960s and 1970s and the devastating impact of rationalization—the permanent elimination of blue-collar employment—on their socioeconomic mobility in the 1980s and beyond. The upward mobility of Blacks in the earlier decades was based on the Old Economy business model (OEBM) with its characteristic “career-with-one-company” (CWOC) employment relations. At its launching in 1965, the policy approach of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission assumed the existence of CWOC, providing corporate employees, Blacks included, with a potential path for upward socioeconomic mobility over the course of their working lives by gaining access to productive opportunities and higher pay through stable employment within companies. It was through these internal employment structures that Blacks could potentially overcome barriers to the long legacy of job and pay discrimination. In the 1960s and 1970s, the generally growing availability of unionized semiskilled jobs gave working people, including Blacks, the large measure of employment stability as well as rising wages and benefits characteristic of the lower levels of the middle class. The next stage in this process of upward socioeconomic mobility should have been—and in a nation as prosperous as the United States could have been—the entry of the offspring of the new Black blue-collar middle class into white-collar occupations requiring higher educations. Despite progress in the attainment of college degrees, however, Blacks have had very limited access to the best employment opportunities as professional, technical, and administrative personnel at U.S. technology companies. Since the 1980s, the barriers to African American upward socioeconomic mobility have occurred within the context of the marketization (the end of CWOC) and globalization (accessibility to transnational labor supplies) of high-tech employment relations in the United States. These new employment relations, which stress interfirm labor mobility instead of intrafirm employment structures in the building of careers, are characteristic of the rise of the New Economy business model (NEBM), as scrutinized in William Lazonick’s 2009 book, Sustainable Prosperity in the New Economy? Business Organization and High-Tech Employment in the United States (Upjohn Institute). In this paper, we analyze the exclusion of Blacks from STEM (science, technology, engineering, math) occupations, using EEO-1 employment data made public, voluntarily and exceptionally, for various years between 2014 and 2020 by major tech companies, including Alphabet (Google), Amazon, Apple, Cisco, Facebook (now Meta), Hewlett Packard Enterprise, HP Inc., Intel, Microsoft, PayPal, Salesforce, and Uber. These data document the vast over-representation of Asian Americans and vast under-representation of African Americans at these tech companies in recent years. The data also shine a light on the racial, ethnic, and gender composition of large masses of lower-paid labor in the United States at leading U.S. tech companies, including tens of thousands of sales workers at Apple and hundreds of thousands of laborers & helpers at Amazon. In the cases of Hewlett-Packard, IBM, and Intel, we have access to EEO-1 data from earlier decades that permit in-depth accounts of the employment transitions that characterized the demise of OEBM and the rise of NEBM. Given our findings from the EEO-1 data analysis, our paper then seeks to explain the enormous presence of Asian Americans and the glaring absence of African Americans in well-paid employment under NEBM. A cogent answer to this question requires an understanding of the institutional conditions that have determined the availability of qualified Asians and Blacks to fill these employment opportunities as well as the access of qualified people by race, ethnicity, and gender to the employment opportunities that are available. Our analysis of the racial/ethnic determinants of STEM employment focuses on a) stark differences among racial and ethnic groups in educational attainment and performance relevant to accessing STEM occupations, b) the decline in the implementation of affirmative-action legislation from the early 1980s, c) changes in U.S. immigration policy that favored the entry of well-educated Asians, especially with the passage of the Immigration Act of 1990, and d) consequent social barriers that qualified Blacks have faced relative to Asians and whites in accessing tech employment as a result of a combination of statistical discrimination against African Americans and their exclusion from effective social networks.
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Fowler, Camilla. Automation in transport - Leading the UK to a driverless future. TRL, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.58446/tawj9464.
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The gap between technology development and automated vehicle deployment has been underestimated and the challenges involved with delivering autonomy have been far greater and more complex than first envisaged. TRL believe that in order for the UK to achieve its potential for automation in transport, the following activities are key in overcoming these challenges: Develop a UK regulatory approval system that enables the safe and secure deployment of automated vehicles in the future. A flexible and responsive regulatory system is needed that can enable innovation by streamlining entry into emerging markets and lessen the initial regulatory burden on developers and manufacturers. Provide a simple, consistent but robust approach to assuring safety during trials and testing to enable and facilitate trials across all UK locations and environments. The approach to safety assurance varies between stakeholders and this inconsistency can provide a barrier to testing in multiple locations or avoiding areas with more stringent requirements. TRL is developing a software tool that could be used to guide and support stakeholders when engaging with trialling organisations. Develop and implement a UK safety monitoring and investigation unit to monitor safety, analyse data, investigate incidents and provide timely feedback and recommended actions. TRL can identify road user behaviours that are likely to lead to a collision. These behaviours could be monitored using in-vehicle data and supplemented with environmental and location data from intelligent infrastructure. This proactive approach would drive safety improvements, promote continuous improvement, accelerate innovation and development and make Vision Zero a more realistic and achievable target. Enable more advanced trials to be undertaken in the UK where the boundaries of the technology are extended and solutions to the identified challenges are explored without compromising safety. London’s Smart Mobility Living Lab (SMLL) provides a unique real-world test facility to conduct advanced tests and validate vehicle behaviour performance. Through testing in a real-world environment and monitoring performance using cooperative infrastructure, we can accelerate learning and technology progression. Accelerate the adoption and safe implementation of automated vehicles for off- highway activities and minimise worker exposure to high risk environments and working practices within the UK and globally. As part of an Innovate funded project on Automated Off-highway Vehicles, TRL has developed and published a draft Code of Practice providing guidance to operators of automated vehicles in all sectors of the off-highway industry.
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Injuries among farm workers in the United States, 1993. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshpub97115.
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Injuries among farm workers in the United States, 1995. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, May 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshpub2001153.
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