Relevant bibliographies by topics / United Nations. Committee against Torture

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Academic literature on the topic 'United Nations. Committee against Torture'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "United Nations. Committee against Torture"

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McQuigg, R. "How Effective is the United Nations Committee Against Torture?" European Journal of International Law 22, no. 3 (August 1, 2011): 813–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chr048.

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Munk-Andersen, Ebbe, Bettina Toftgaard, and Jens Modvig. "Screening asylum seekers in Denmark for torture using a structured questionnaire." Torture Journal 31, no. 2 (October 20, 2021): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/torture.v31i2.122245.

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The United Nations Committee against Torture recommends systematic torture screening throughout the asylum process. The goal of this study is to evaluate the introduction of a structured questionnaire, coding for torture according to the definition from United Nations Convention Against Torture (UNCAT). This screening for torture is now an integrated part of the medical reception of newly arrived asylum seekers The screening was carried through during a 2 years period as a part of the routine health screening, and alleged torture victims were referred to further medical examination and offered assistance to carry information about the torture to the Immigration Service. The participation rate was 85.2%, and torture was reported among 27.8% of the males, with a mean of 21.2% among both sexes. Key words: Torture, screening, questionnaire, asylum seekers, UNCAT
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Rychlak, Ronald J. "Torture, Crimes Against Humanity and the Abuse of International Law." Chrześcijaństwo-Świat-Polityka, no. 24 (May 12, 2020): 116–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/csp.2020.24.1.23.

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In 2014, United Nations Committee Against Torture raised the possibility that the Vatican’s handling of sexual abuse cases involving Catholic priests constituted torture under international law. A victims group even filed a petition with the International Criminal Court accusing Pope Benedict XIV and other Church officials of “crimes against humanity” and urged that they be prosecuted for their alleged role in the crimes. Without defending the perpetrators of the abuse, this paper argues that the identified cases do not meet the legal standards to constitute either torture or crimes against humanity under international law. While those individuals who are guilty of abuse should be punished, neither they nor the Church officials who dealt with them (or failed to do so) are responsible for torture or crimes against humanity. Arguments to the contrary have been advanced in bad faith.
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de Senarclens, Pierre. "SOS-Torture." International Review of the Red Cross 29, no. 268 (February 1989): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400072193.

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In 1983, at the suggestion of its founder, the late Jean-Jacques Gautier, the Swiss Committee against Torture convened a symposium on means of eradicating torture. The meeting, which was held in Geneva, brought together almost 70 experts from some 30 countries representing many different human rights organizations. It concluded that a way had to be found to create a more effective role for the hundreds of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) around the world which had been set up to eliminate torture. In particular, it suggested establishing a service to speed up the circulation of information gathered by these NGOs, to facilitate rapid representations to the United Nations and other regional organizations responsible for defending human rights and, when desirable, to organize concerted action. This, it was thought, might finally do something to help the victims of torture.
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Geraldi, Aldo Rico. "Mekanisme Pengaduan Oleh Committee Against Torture Terkait Tindakan Penyiksaan dan Perlakuan yang Merendahkan Martabat Manusia." JURNAL YUSTIKA: MEDIA HUKUM DAN KEADILAN 23, no. 01 (September 10, 2020): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24123/yustika.v23i01.2871.

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This research aims to analyze the form of complaints mechanism by the Committee Against Torture. This research is a study that uses normative legal research by collecting secondary data. Data collection is done using the library study method by collecting legal materials and information in the form of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. In order to get a clear explanation, the data is then arranged systematically and analyzed using descriptive methods. The results of this research indicate that torture is an act carried out by causing pain or suffering. The United Nations General Assembly then established the Convention against Torture which is believed to be able to specifically monitor multilateral instruments for the protection of torture and other inhuman treatment. Furthermore, related to the complaints mechanism regulated by the Anti-Torture Committee that complaints procedures in international law generally refer to a formal legal process whereby a person or group of people submit a complaint to an international legal entity to reveal that their human rights have been violated in a particular case. The Committee has a mandate related to the assessment of complaints filed by participating countries that have recognized the authority of the Committee, individuals and the Committee can conduct fact-finding if it has reliable information about the occurrence of systematic torture in one of the participating countries. Keywords : “Torture”, “Convention Against Torture”, “Committee Against Torture” AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mekanisme pengaduan yang dilakukan oleh Committee Against Torture. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif yang dilengkapi data sekunder. Metode penelitian menggunakan studi pustaka dengan mengumpulkan bahan hukum dan informasi berupa bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Untuk mendapatkan penjelasan yang jelas, data kemudian disusun secara sistematis dan dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penyiksaan merupakan tindakan yang dilakukan dengan menimbulkan rasa sakit atau penderitaan. Majelis Umum Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa kemudian membentuk Konvensi Menentang Penyiksaan yang diyakini mampu secara khusus memantau instrumen multilateral untuk perlindungan penyiksaan dan perlakuan tidak manusiawi lainnya. Lebih lanjut, terkait mekanisme pengaduan yang diatur oleh Committee Against Torture bahwa prosedur pengaduan dalam hukum internasional pada umumnya mengacu pada proses hukum formil dimana seseorang atau sekelompok orang mengajukan pengaduan ke badan hukum internasional untuk mengungkapkan bahwa hak asasi mereka telah dilanggar dalam kasus tertentu. Komite memiliki mandat terkait dengan penilaian pengaduan yang diajukan oleh negara peserta yang telah mengakui kewenangan Komite, individu dan Komite dapat melakukan pencarian fakta jika memiliki informasi yang dapat dipercaya tentang terjadinya penyiksaan sistematis di salah satu negara peserta. Kata kunci: Penyiksaan; Konvensi Menentang Penyiksaan; Committee Against Torture
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Brems, Eva. "Ethiopia Before The United Nations Treaty Monitoring Bodies." Afrika Focus 20, no. 1-2 (February 15, 2007): 49–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-0200102004.

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Ethiopia before the United Nations Treaty Monitoring Bodies Among the many human rights conventions adopted by the UN, seven are known – together with their additional protocols – as the core international human rights instruments: ‒ The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination; ‒ The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; ‒ The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; ‒ The Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women; ‒ The Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment; ‒ The Convention on the Rights of the Child; ‒ The International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of all Migrant Workers and Members of their Families. The main international control mechanism under these conventions is what may be considered the standard mechanism in international human rights protection: state reporting before an international committee. An initial report is due usually one year after joining the treaty and afterwards, reports are due periodically (every four or five years). The international committees examine the reports submitted by the state parties. In the course of this examination they include information from other sources, such as the press, other United Nations materials or NGO information. They also hold a meeting with representatives of the state submitting the report. At the end of this process the committee issues 'concluding observations' or 'concluding comments'. This paper focuses on the experience of one state – Ethiopia – with the seven core human rights treaties. This should allow the reader to gain insights both into the human rights situation in Ethiopia and in the functioning of the United Nations human rights protection system.
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ATAK, IDIL, and LORIELLE GIFFIN. "Canada’s Treatment of Non-Citizens through the Lens of the United Nations Individual Complaints Mechanisms." Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international 56 (October 2019): 292–327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cyl.2019.13.

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AbstractThe United Nations (UN) human rights treaty bodies play an important role in defining the scope and the nature of non-citizens’ rights. This article offers a critical overview of the UN human rights case law from 2008 to 2018 pertaining to non-citizens — notably undocumented migrants, refused asylum seekers, and permanent residents ordered deported — in Canada. It examines the jurisprudence of the three UN human rights treaty bodies recognized by Canada as having competence to receive and consider individual complaints — namely, the UN Human Rights Committee, the Committee against Torture, and the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women. The purpose of this examination is two-fold. First, it intends to foster a better understanding of the cases lodged by non-citizens before the UN human rights treaty bodies. The second aim is to explore the substantive issues that the UN committees’ jurisprudence on non-citizens reveals about Canada’s immigration decision-making and enforcement. It is argued that some groups of non-citizens in Canada are at risk of being deported to persecution or hardship in violation of the non-refoulement principle and Canada’s international human rights obligations. The article illuminates several loopholes identified by the UN treaty bodies in Canada’s immigration and refugee protection system that heighten the risk of refoulement.
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Marino Menendez, F. M. "Recent Jurisprudence of the United Nations Committee against Torture and the International Protection of Refugees." Refugee Survey Quarterly 34, no. 1 (January 6, 2015): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdu019.

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Søndergaard, Elna, Rupert Skilbeck, and Efrat Shir. "Development of interdisciplinary protocols on medico-legal documentation of torture: Sleep deprivation." Torture Journal 29, no. 2 (October 30, 2019): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/torture.v29i2.115600.

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Background: The use of psychological torture or torture methods that leave no visible marks (stealth torture) is on the increase in various contexts. However, the difficulties in the documentation of such methods should be recognized by lawyers and health professionals who may benefit from using research-based interdisciplinary instruments to improve their documentation for legal processes - in addition to the United Nations Manual on the Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or DegradingTreatment or Punishment (1999) (Istanbul Protocol). Objective: With the aim to develop additional instruments for the documentation of various psychological torture methods, this article explains the recommended methodology for such research-based interdisciplinary instruments and the process of developing the first example of this approach relating to sleep deprivation. Development and pilot testing of the Sleep Deprivation Protocol: The pilot-testing of the Protocol by lawyers in the Public Committee Against Torture in Israel (PCATI) has already yielded positive results. Conclusion: Further advanced documentation instruments, using medical evidence in non-torture contexts and legal research, should be developed to effectively identify and record other psychological torture methods.
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Schlickewei, Stephanie. "The Revision of the General Comment No. 1 on the Implementation of Art. 3 uncat’s Non-Refoulement Obligation in Light of the Use of Diplomatic Assurances." Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law Online 21, no. 1 (October 10, 2018): 167–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13894633_021001007.

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On 26 June 1987, the United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (uncat) entered into force. The comprehensive set of regulations of the Convention aimed at ensuring a more effective implementation of the international community’s common endeavours to eradicate torture globally. Nevertheless, torture practice still prevails in many countries. New crises, such as the international fight against terrorism, constantly compromise the achievement of the Convention’s overall objective; in particular, they present a great challenge to States Parties’ compliance with the uncat’s explicit nonrefoulement obligation of Art. 3 uncat. Aiming for the transfer of a person to another State and in a bid to nevertheless satisfy their international obligations, States Parties tend to rely on so-called diplomatic assurances from the receiving State, thereby potentially exposing the individual to the risk of being subjected to torture following the transfer. Being aware of the new challenges to the protection of Art. 3 uncat, in 2015, the United Nations Committee against Torture finally decided to undertake a comprehensive review of its General Comment No. 1 (1997). As the text of 1997 was considered to no longer meet the needs of the States with respect to the new challenges of the 21st century, the revision was inter alia aimed to also explicitly address the alarming trend of the application of diplomatic assurances and to include an assessment of their legitimate use in the context of Art. 3 uncat. This article outlines the aforementioned review process with regard to the use of diplomatic assurances in the context of torture and analyses the question of their legitimacy under international law with respect to the uncat and in light of and in comparison to the European Court of Human Right’s jurisdiction in this context.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "United Nations. Committee against Torture"

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Ackermann, Marilize. "An assessment of South Africa's obligations under the United Nations Convention against torture." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2638.

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Magister Legum - LLM
I attempt to analyze South Africa's legal position pertaining to torture, in relation to the international legal framework. Since it has been established that torture and cruel inhuman and degrading treatment (CIDT) usually occur in situations where persons are deprived of personal liberty, I examine legislation, policies and practices applicable to specific places of detention, such as correctional centres, police custody, repatriation centers, mental health care facilities and child and youth care centers. I establish that although South Africa has ratified the UNCAT and is a signatory to the OPCAT, our legal system greatly lacks in structure and in mechanisms of enforcement, as far as the absolute prohibition and the prevention of torture and other forms of cruel and degrading treatment or punishment are concerned. I submit that South Africa has a special duty to eradicate torture, since many of its citizens and several of its political leaders are actually victims of torture, who suffered severe ill treatment under the apartheid regime. I argue that the South African legal system is sufficiently capable of adopting a zero-tolerance policy toward torture and to incorporate this with the general stance against crime. In many respects, South Africa is an example to other African countries and should strongly condemn all forms of human rights violations, especially torture, since acts of torture are often perpetrated by public officials who abuse their positions of authority. I conclude by making submissions and recommendations for law reform, in light of the obstacles encountered within a South African context.
South Africa
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Saffrey-Mayger, Richard George. "An assessment of the United Kingdom's implementation of the United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/16008.

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This thesis will assess the United Kingdom’s implementation of the United Nations Convention Against Torture and other Cruel Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment. It will first focus on a contextual analysis of the problem of torture, examining the circumstances in which it has historically been used, philosophical and theoretical perspectives on the practice and the political aspects of torture, including its effect on international relations. This will illustrate the circumstances in which torture is used, the motivation behind it and the way in which it affects its victims. The argument will then be made that, in view of the uniquely grave nature of the practice of torture, it is insufficient for States to merely criminalise it and punish the offenders. They must actively seek to eradicate it from society and ultimately prevent it from occurring. It is against this aim that the thesis will examine the compliance of the United Kingdom with its obligations under the Convention. This examination will look first at the international regime for the prevention of torture, focusing on the work of the United Nations Committee Against Torture. The engagement of the United Kingdom with this body will be explored in detail and the argument made that more needs to be done in order to ensure that the Committee’s recommendations are put into effect and that treatment contrary to the Convention is prevented from taking place. The final part of the thesis will assess the United Kingdom’s State practice with a focus on key institutions of the State including the courts and the legislature. This part of the thesis will seek to explore the extent to which the practices of these institutions is consistent with an overall aim of preventing torture and the extent to which they show awareness of the Convention and its requirements of the Convention in the discharge of their functions. The conclusion will be drawn that, while the Human Rights Act has gone some way towards improving compliance, more needs to be done to insure a complete implementation by the United Kingdom of its obligations under the Convention and full prevention of torture. The State must actively engage with the Committee and the organs of the State must consider the Convention Against Torture in the discharge of all of their functions to ensure that these aims are achieved.
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Ackermann, Marilize. "An assessment of South Africa’s obligations under the United Nations Convention Against Torture." Thesis, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6463_1298617262.

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I attempt to analyze South Africa&rsquo
s legal position pertaining to torture, in relation to the international legal framework. Since it has been established that torture and cruel inhuman and degrading treatment (CIDT) usually occur in situations where persons are deprived of personal liberty, I examine legislation, policies and practices applicable to specific places of detention, such as correctional centres, police custody, repatriation centers, mental health care facilities and child and youth care centers. I establish that although South Africa has ratified the UNCAT and is a signatory to the OPCAT, our legal system greatly lacks in structure and in mechanisms of enforcement, as far as the absolute prohibition and the prevention of torture and other forms of cruel and degrading treatment or punishment are concerned. I submit that South Africa has a special duty to eradicate torture, since many of its citizens and several of its political leaders are actually victims of torture, who suffered severe ill treatment under the apartheid regime. I argue that the South African legal system is sufficiently capable of adopting a zero-tolerance policy toward torture and to incorporate this with the general stance against crime. In many respects, South Africa is an example to other African countries and should strongly condemn all forms of human rights violations, especially torture, since acts of torture are often perpetrated by public officials who abuse their positions of authority. I conclude by making submissions and recommendations for law reform, in light of the obstacles encountered within a South African context.

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Domagała, Przemysław. "Ochrona przed wymuszonym zaginięciem w świetle Konwencji Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych z 2006 roku." Doctoral thesis, 2016.

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Pracę rozpoczyna wstęp, w którym zdefiniowano wymuszone zaginięcie jako zjawisko społeczne (tajne pozbawienie wolności przez państwo) i przedstawiono koncepcję pracy.Rozdział I przedstawia wybrane przypadki wymuszonych zaginięć z różnych regionów świata, od czasów II wojny światowej do współczesności w celu unaocznienia z jakiego po-wodu ONZ przyjęła Konwencję w tej sprawie. Rozdział II opisuje poprzedzające ją normy międzynarodowe mające zastosowanie do wymuszonych zaginięć.Rozdział III przedstawia absolutny charakter zakazu wymuszonych zaginięć, kwestie działania sprawcy na rozkaz, dopuszczalności stosowania amnestii i ułaskawienia, a także za-gadnienia stosowalności immunitetów w sprawach o wymuszone zaginięcie. Rozdział IV przedstawia ogólne zasady zwalczania wymuszonych zaginięć. Omawia zakres zastosowania Konwencji i przyjętą na jej potrzeby definicję wymuszonego zaginięcia. Odnosi się do wymu-szonych zaginięć popełnionych przez podmioty niepaństwowe. Przedstawia prawnomiędzyna-rodowy obowiązek kryminalizacji wymuszonych zaginięć wyjaśniając istotę polskiego rozwią-zania tej kwestii oraz określa relację Konwencji do norm dotyczących zbrodni przeciwko ludzkości. Przedstawia praktyczne implikacje tego, że wymuszone zaginięcie jest naruszeniem prawa międzynarodowego o charakterze ciągłym.Rozdział V przedstawia mające zastosowanie przepisy polskiego prawa karnego. Omawia znamiona przestępstwa, jego formy stadialne i zjawiskowe, dyrektywy wymiaru ka-ry. Ponieważ polskie prawo zawiera lukę w zakresie odpowiedzialności przełożonego za czyny podwładnych przedstawia propozycje zmian legislacyjnych. Rozdział VI zawiera omówienie procesu karnego o wymuszone zaginięcie (jurysdykcja, wstępne badanie sprawy, środki zapo-biegawcze, rzetelność i efektywność postępowania). Rozdział VII omawia prawnomiędzyna-rodowe zasady aut dedere aut iudicare i non-refoulement, oraz przepisy o pomocy prawnej i ekstradycji. Rozdział VIII dotyczy zapobiegania wymuszonym zaginięciom. Przedstawia prawa osób pozbawionych wolności i omawia obowiązki państwa, w tym ewidencjonowania osób pozbawionych wolności i upowszechniania informacji o Konwencji. Przedstawia prawo osób bliskich pozbawionemu wolności do informacji, obowiązek zgłaszania wymuszonych za-ginięć odnośnym władzom i środki ochrony zgłaszających.Rozdział IX dotyczy praw ofiar wymuszonych zaginięć. Mają one w szczególności prawo do prawdy i do naprawienia szkody. Państwo ma obowiązek poszukiwania i uwalniania zaginionych, odszukania ich szczątków, prawnego uregulowania statusu zaginionych. Roz-dział X dotyczy ochrony dzieci jako ofiar wymuszonych zaginięć. Przedstawia dobro dziecka jako naczelną zasadę postępowania oraz wskazuje, jakie są wymagania Konwencji odnośnie do przepisów karnych chroniących dzieci przed wymuszonym zaginięciem. Omawia obowią-zek przywracania dzieci rodzicom i unieważnienia adopcji zapoczątkowanej wymuszonym zaginięciem, w której to kwestii przedstawia propozycje de lege ferenda.Rozdział XI dotyczy organizacji Komitetu ds. Wymuszonych Zaginięć i współpracy z innymi instytucjami systemu ONZ. Odnosi się też do kwestii właściwości Komitetu ratione temporis. Rozdział XII dotyczy działalności Komitetu. Omawia system sprawozdań państw oraz skarg indywidualnych i międzypaństwowych a także mechanizmy pilnych akcji i wizyt krajowych.Rozdział XIII dotyczy kwestii obowiązywania Konwencji w państwach federalnych, odnosi się do możliwości jej wypowiedzenia oraz składania zastrzeżeń i deklaracji interpreta-cyjnych. Przedstawia procedurę w jakiej Polska zwiąże się Konwencją. W zakończeniu rozprawy uznano ratyfikację Konwencji za celową. Wskazano jakie zmiany legislacyjne są niezbędne a jakie tylko pożądane.
The thesis starts with an introduction which defines enforced disappearance as a social phenomenon (secret detention by a government) and outlines the thesis.Chapter I describes selected cases of enforced disappearances from all regions of the world, since World War II until the present time, to make clear why international community adopted a universal instrument on enforced disappearances.Chapter II describes general rules of international law that predecesses the UN 2006 Convention and would be applicable in the case of enforced desappereance. Chapter III concentrates on the absolute nature of the prohibition of enforced disappearance, and questions of admissibility of amnesty, pardon and evoking state immunity. Chapter IV sets out general rules of the fight against enforced disappearances. It discuss the territorial scope of applicability of the Convention, comments on the definition of enforced disappearance and deales with the issue of disappearances committed by non-state actors. It sets out the obligation to criminalize enforced disappearances and explains the essence of the Polish model of crimilalization. It describes under what circumstances enforced disappearances constitute crimes against humanity. Finally it presents enforced disappearance as a continuous violation of international law.Chapter V analyses Polish criminal law in the context of it’s compatibility with the Convention. It sets out the elements of crimes of deprivation of liberty and abuse of power by a public official, modalities of criminal liability, aggravating and mitigating circumstances. It addresses the issue of “superior responsibility” (in this filed, the proposals for legislative changes are introduced). Chapter VI concerns procedural aspects of the fight against enforced disappearance: jurisdiction, preliminary examination, preventive measures, fairness and efficiency of proceedings. Chapter VII concerns international cooperation: rules aut dedere aut iudicare and non-refoulement, standards of mutual legal assistance and extradition. Chapter VIII is concerned with the prevention of enforced disappearances. It presents the rights of persons deprived of liberty and duties of the State, including duty to register all prisoners. This chapter sets out the right of persons with legitimate interest to obtain information about deprivation of liberty. Furthermore it deals with the obligation to report enforced disappearances.Chapter IX deals with the rights of victims. In particular they have the right to know the truth regarding the enforced disappearance and to obtain reparation. Chapter X addresses the protection of children as victims of enforced disappearances. It starts with the analyze of a notion of “the best interests of a child” as a guiding principle and comments on the relevant provisions of the Polish law. Furthermore it deals with the obligation to annul adoption of children that originated in enforced disappearances and presents proposals de lege ferenda.Chapter XI describes the organization of the Committee on Enforced Disappearances, its operation procedures and compares it with other UN bodies. It also mentions the issue of Committee’s jurisdiction ratione temporis. Chapter XII relates to activities of the Committee (system of complaints, state reports, urgent actions and country visits).Chapter XIII takes on final and technical provisions of the Convention and describes a procedure in which Poland could become a State Party. It addresses a possibility of making a reservation or interpretative declaration to the Convention.In the conclusions of the thesis, the ratification of the Convention is recommended as desirable. The (a) essential and (b) desirable, legislative changes are described.
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Mubanga, Christopher Kapangalwendo. "Protecting Eritrean refugees' access to basic human rights in Ethiopia: an analysis of Ethiopian refugee law." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23205.

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Eritrean refugees are compelled to flee their country mainly to avoid forced conscription into indefinite military service, arbitrary arrest and detention for prolonged periods without trial. The majority of Eritrean refugees are young people, who leave their country in search of a better life and sources of livelihoods. The mass migration of Eritrean refugees has started to have adverse effects on the country’s socio-economic landscape. The main destination and country of refuge for the majority of Eritrean refugees is Ethiopia. Although no serious violations of human rights have been reported among Eritrean refugees living in Ethiopia, it a well-known fact that the Ethiopian Government has not fully extended the internationally accepted rights of those who have been forced to flee their own states, to refugees. For example, freedom of movement for refugees is restricted, which is obviously compounded by the encampment policy, which requires that all refugees should be confined to designated refugee camps. This situation seriously undermines the UNHCR’s efforts to enhance refugees’ self-reliance, independence, and chances of local integration. There has not been much research undertaken regarding the Ethiopian Government’s legal framework on refugees and its impact on the protection of the rights of refugees. In 2014, Ethiopia hosted the largest number of refugees in Africa. This phenomenon was largely attributed to the Ethiopian Government’s ‘open door’ policy towards refugees. The present study is an attempt to critically examine Ethiopian refugee law and determine the extent to which the national laws protect the rights of refugees. Although the study is limited in scope to the situation of Eritrean refugees, the principles and standards of treatment discussed apply to all refugees living in Ethiopia.
Public, Constitutional and International Law
LL. M.
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Books on the topic "United Nations. Committee against Torture"

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United Nations. General Assembly. Report of the Committee Against Torture. New York: United Nations, 1993.

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Ingelse, Chris. The UN Committee Against Torture: An assessment. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2001.

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The Optional Protocol to the United Nations Convention against Torture. Wien: NWV, Neuer Wissenschaftlicher Verlag, 2009.

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Torture and the United Nations: Charter and treaty-based monitoring. London: Cameron May, 2008.

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De rol van het Comité in de ontwikkeling van het VN-verdrag tegen foltering. Amsterdam: Thela Thesis, 1999.

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Torture, World Organisation Against. State violence in Colombia: An alternative report to the United Nations Human Rights Committee Against Torture. Geneva: World Organisation Against Torture, 2004.

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Committee on the Administration of Justice. CAJ submission to the United Nations Committee Against Torture: Comments on the third periodic report by the United Kingdom to the Committee Against Torture. Belfast: CAJ, 1998.

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Vakfı, Türkiye İnsan Hakları. Follow-up report to the United Nations Commitee against Torture on the 3rd periodic report of Turkey, October 2012. Ankara: Human Rights Foundation of Turkey, 2012.

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Seeking remedies for torture victims: A handbook on the individual complaints procedures of the UN treaty bodies. Geneva: World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT), 2006.

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Bank, Roland. Die internationale Bekämpfung von Folter und unmenschlicher Behandlung auf den Ebenen der Vereinten Nationen und des Europarates: Eine vergleichende Analyse von Implementation und Effektivität der neueren Kontrollmechanismen. Freiburg i. Br: Iuscrim, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "United Nations. Committee against Torture"

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Blumenau, Bernhard. "The Ad Hoc Committee on International Terrorism, the Diplomats Convention, and Other Early UN Efforts against Terrorism." In The United Nations and Terrorism, 87–121. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137391988_4.

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Tardu, Maxime. "The United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment." In International Geneva Yearbook 1988, 13–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1939-1_2.

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"United Nations Committee against Torture." In Conclusions and Recommendations of the UN Committee against Torture, 1. Brill | Nijhoff, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004482531_004.

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Andrew, Byrnes. "Part III Organs Monitoring Treaty Compliance, 13 The Committee against Torture and the Subcommittee for the Prevention of Torture." In The United Nations and Human Rights. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198298373.003.0014.

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This chapter focuses on the Committee against Torture and the Subcommittee for the Prevention of Torture. The role of the Committee is to monitor the implementation by States parties of their obligations under the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (the Torture Convention). The goal of the Torture Convention is to eradicate torture, often seen as one of the gravest human rights violations, through a mix of prevention and repression. The Convention was supplemented in 2002 by the adoption of an Optional Protocol to the Convention, which established an additional supervisory body—the Subcommittee for the Prevention of Torture, which commenced its work in 2007. The chapter then considers the work of the Committee over the last thirty years and provides an overview of the evolution and functions of the Subcommittee.
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"ASv Sweden (United Nations Committee against Torture,15 February 2001)." In International Women's Rights Cases, 301–14. Routledge-Cavendish, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781843147145-29.

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"5. China and International Human Rights: The International Labour Organization and the United Nations Committee against Torture." In Beyond Compliance, 176–219. Stanford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781503626362-008.

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Sørensen, Bent. "International Conventions Against Torture and on the Rights of the Child -The Work of Two United Nations Committees." In Childhood Abused, 75–80. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429461675-6.

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Heyns, Christof, Carmen Rueda, and Daniel du Plessis. "Torture and ill treatment: the United Nations Human Rights Committee." In Research Handbook on Torture, 106–27. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781788113960.00011.

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"Annotations on the provisions of the Convention." In The United Nations Convention Against Torture, 114–72. Brill | Nijhoff, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004478305_006.

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"The essentials of the Convention." In The United Nations Convention Against Torture, 1–4. Brill | Nijhoff, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004478305_003.

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Conference papers on the topic "United Nations. Committee against Torture"

1

Biffi, Elisabetta, and Daniela Bianchi. "TEACHER TRAINING FOR THE PREVENTION, REPORTING AND ADDRESSING OF VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end015.

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Each year an estimated one billion children (one out of two children worldwide) suffer some form of physical, sexual or psychological violence or neglect (Hillis, Mercy, Amobi, & Kress, 2016). Being a victim of violence in childhood has lifelong impacts on education, health, and well-being. Exposure to violence can lead to poor academic performance due to cognitive, emotional, and social problems (WHO, 2019). The right of the child to freedom from all forms of violence is affirmed by the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child, in its General Comment No. 13 (UNCRC, 2011). Moreover, the Sustainable Development Goals contain a clear call to eliminate violence against children, most explicitly in Target 16.2 (UN, 2015). Many efforts have been made globally to achieve these goals. Schools have been identified as one of the crucial contexts for conducting violence prevention efforts. They offer an important space where children, teachers and educators can learn and adopt pro-social behaviors that can contribute to preventing violence (WHO, et al., 2016). Teachers can play a key role, helping to build a “violence-free world” (UNESCO, WHO, UNICEF, End Violence Against Children, 2020), both by promoting positive relationships and by identifying signs of violence early. In fact, while international strategies provide a necessary framework for the promotion and protection of children's rights, it is the people who can make a difference in the prevention and detection of violence against children (Biffi, 2018). Based on these premises, the paper will focus on how teacher training can help prevent, report and address violence against children. Teachers are often not trained on this: some of them know the contents, but have doubts about how to deal with certain situations. Teachers should learn what to do with students who have gone through a traumatic experience because children choose someone who can see and recognize them (Miller, 1979, En. transl. 1995; Miller, 1980, En. transl. 1983). To be able to really recognize the child, a training course with teachers is necessary, to raise awareness and help them see the signals that children send (The Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action, End Violence Against Children, UNICEF, WHO, 2020). This paper, through literature and presentation of a training course with teachers in Italy, will offer a pedagogical reflection on teacher training in the prevention, reporting and addressing of violence against children, in order to start building a common shared strategy.
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إسماعيل جمعه, كويان, and محمد إسماعيل جمعه. ""Forced displacement and its consequences Khanaqin city as a model"." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/36.

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"Humanity has known (forced displacement) as one of the inhuman phenomena, and international law considers it a war crime, and the forcibly displaced area is subjected to various types of psychological, physical, cultural and ethnic torture. Khanaqin has been subjected to more displacement compared to the rest of Iraq's cities, and forced displacement is a systematic practice carried out by governments or armed groups intolerant towards groups that differ from them in religion, sect, nationalism, belief, politics, or race, with the aim of evacuating lands and replacing groups other population instead. Forced displacement is either direct, i.e. forcibly removing residents from their areas of residence, or indirect, such as using means of intimidation, persecution, and sometimes murder. This phenomenon varies in the causes and motives that depend on conflicts and wars, and greed, as well as dependence on cruelty in dealing and a tendency to brutality and barbarism. With regard to forced displacement in Iraq before the year 2003 AD, it was a systematic phenomenon according to a presidential law away from punishment, and it does not constitute a crime, as evidenced by the absence of any legal text referring to it in the Iraqi Penal Code, but after the year 2003 AD, criminal judgments were issued against the perpetrators of forced displacement. For the period between 17/7/1967 to 1/5/2003 CE, displacement cases were considered a terrorist crime, and consideration of them would be the jurisdiction of the Iraqi Central Criminal Court. The deportations from the city of Khanaqin were included in the forced displacement, by forcibly transferring the civilian population from the area to which they belong and reside to a second area that differs culturally and socially from the city from which they left. Al-Anbar governorate identified a new home for the displaced residents of Khanaqin, first, and then some of the southern governorates. We find other cases of forced displacement, for example, what happened to the Faili Kurds. They were expelled by a presidential decision, and the decision stated: (They were transferred to Nakra Salman, and then they were deported to Iran). These cases of deportation or displacement have led to the emergence of psychological effects on the displaced, resulting from the feeling of persecution and cultural extermination of the traditions of these people, and the obliteration of their national identity, behavior and practices. After the year 2003 AD, the so-called office for the return of property appeared, and there was a headquarters in every governorate, Except in Diyala governorate, there were two offices, the first for the entire governorate, and the second for Khanaqin district alone, and this indicates the extent of injustice, displacement, deportation, tyranny, and extermination that this city was subjected to. The crimes of forced displacement differ from one case to another according to their causes, origins, goals and causes - as we mentioned - but there are expansive reasons, so that this reason is limited to greed, behavior, cruelty, brutality and barbarism. But if these ideas are impure and adopted by extremists, then they cause calamity, inequality and discrimination, forcing the owners of the land to leave. In modern times, the crime of forced displacement has accompanied colonial campaigns to control other countries, so that displacement has become part of the customs of war, whether in conflicts external or internal. Forced displacement has been criminalized and transformed from an acceptable means of war to a means that is legally and internationally rejected by virtue of international law in the twentieth century, especially after the emergence of the United Nations charter in 1945 AD And the two Additional Protocols attached to the Geneva Conventions of 1977 AD, as well as declarations, , conventions and international conferences that included explicit legal texts criminalizing forced displacement as a universal principle of genocide. My approach in this study is a field-analytical approach, as I present official data and documents issued by the competent authorities and higher government agencies before the year 2003 AD, and indicate the coordinates and modalities of the process of displacement and deportation, as well as an interview with the families of the displaced, taking some information and how to coexist with their new imposed situation. forcibly on them."
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