Academic literature on the topic 'United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (1992 : Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) nli'

AbstractBy resolution 44/228 of 22 December 1989, the United Nations General Assembly decided to convene a United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) to be held in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) in June 1992 at the highest possible level of participation.1 The Rio Conference will mark the twentieth anniversary of the 1972 Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment, which had indeed envisaged the holding of a follow-up conference,2 a recommendation echoed by the 1987 report of the World Commission on Environment and Development (Brundtland Report).3

With the Industrial Revolution, human beings have faced ecological problems. For this reason, the term ”Sustainable Architecture’’ came up in the architectural field. In 1987 the United Nations Environmental Commission redefined this term. Also in 1992, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil the human being adopted some principles. When we look at the principles of ”Sustainable Architecture“, we can briefly refer to these principles as ''Natural Climatization'' or ”Thermal Comfort“. In spite of all this process, many architects still produce projects under the name of a ''Modern Architecture'' without considering the culture of life formed by climatic conditions in this process. Because of this, most of the users lost their confidence in ''Modern Architecture''. This is not ”Sustainable Architecture’’. However, the housing built in the past in the rural areas and urban, and even the official buildings are an open laboratory. When the laboratory in Cyprus is examined we can say that, ''the Porch Planned'' type houses, which is developed by the experiments in the Rural Area Housings during the period, started to build also in the cities. We see this development, arising from the climatic conditions, in the Government Agency buildings and Bureaucrats and Military Officers' houses that has built by the British Rule which commands the Cyprus Island during 1878-1960. In addition, porch-planned houses are also seen in the houses that C.M.C (Cyprus Mines Coorparation), which started its activities in 1914 due to the rich copper deposits in the Lefke region, built for its employees.Keywords: Environment. Solar Radiations. Sustainable Architecture. Thermal Comfort. Porch.

The conservation and protection of the world's forests has become a critical international environmental issue in recent years as the demand for forest products has increased significantly, and population growth and the rate of deforestation have reached perilous levels. These realities are challenging our stewardship of the resource.Strictly regarded in economic use terms for centuries, forests are increasingly being recognized for the social, cultural, spiritual and recreational values and benefits they furnish to humankind. At the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED ′92), convened in June 1992 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, significant global progress was achieved in altering the outdated approach to forest management reflected in the concept and practice of "sustainable yield", substituting it with the futuristic vision inherent in "sustainable forest development" (based on the paradigm envisioned in the report of the Brundt-land Commission, 1987).Canada has played an active role in advancing this change with respect to forests in the discussions leading up to and including the Conference. The key priorities expressed in Canada's National Forest Strategy, the domestic action plan which is underpinned by the shared vision of Canadian industry, labour, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and governments on sustainable forests, were advanced as our negotiating pillars in Rio. The outputs which emerged from the "Earth Summit" proceedings in the Conventions on Climate Change and Biological Diversity, Agenda 21, and particularly, the Guiding Principles on Forests, are all intimately linked with this Canadian position and constitute the groundwork for future dialogue and action on sustaining the planet's forests.

Since the 1992 United Nations Conference on environment and development held in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) and the adoption by China State Council in March 1994 of the “China Agenda 21”, sustainability has become a major issue in China urbanization policies. After more than two decades of development practice with a breakneck speed of urbanization, how sustainable is the recent development process in China? This paper combines the frameworks of Cities Prosperity Index (CPI) and Sustainable Cities Index (SCI) and propose a China Urban Sustainability Index by Fuzzy Evaluation (CUSI-FE) as a monitoring tool in the light of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). With 5 years data covering 51 indicators, the model is tested to assess the performance of provincial cities in China during 5-years period from 2012 to 2016 (the year of the adoption of the SDGs). The results reveal that the overall sustainability level in China is barely average with lower performances in environmental sustainability. Indeed, a strength/weakness analysis, coupled with sensitivity analysis shows that the economic productivity and the large infrastructure development have had a strong energy cost and a sensible impact on environmental quality. Sustainable energy measures and industrial waste recycling are more likely to improve the sustainability of the cities, while the GDP growth will continue to contribute significantly also.

La Convention sur la diversité biologique est un traité international adopté le 5 juin 1992 lors de la Conférence des Nations Unies pour l’environnement et le Développement (CNUED) tenue à Rio de Janeiro au brésil (sommet de la Terre de Rio de Janeiro) et est entrée en vigueur le 29 décembre 1993 après sa ratification par 168 pays. Elle constitue une réponse mondiale apportée à la préservation des ressources génétiques, des espèces et des écosystèmes aussi bien pour leur valeur intrinsèque que pour l’importance économique qu’ils incarnent pour les générations présentes et futures. La Côte d’ivoire qui a adhéré à ladite convention en 1994, envisage avec cet instrument, assurer la préservation de son capital de biodiversité mais également réguler l’accès aux ressources génétiques et le partage des avantages tirés de l’exploitation qui en résulte. Objectif : La présente étude vise à contribuer à la discussion sur le cadre national d’accès et de partage des avantages des ressources génétiques relatives aux activités commerciales et de recherche, dans la perspective de l’élaboration d’un cadre juridique national. Méthodologie et résultats : Pour réaliser cette étude, outre la recherche documentaire, une enquête de terrain a été conduite à l’aide d’un guide d’entretien pour le recueil de données quantitatives et qualitatives auprès des différentes parties prenantes. Les résultats suivants ont été obtenus : (i) Insuffisance d’information des parties prenantes sur l’APA, (ii) Existence d’échanges de ressources tant biologiques que génétiques dans un environnement inorganisé ; (iii) Absence de mécanisme régissant l’accès et l’utilisation des ressources génétiques à des fins commerciales et scientifiques, (iv) Méconnaissance des droits de propriété ; (v) Absence de structuration des communautés pour la défense de leurs intérêts. Conclusion et application des résultats : Cette étude a investigué sur la faisabilité de la mise en œuvre d’une réglementation nationale sur l’APA. Elle a permis de constater à l’échelle locale l’existence d’échange de ressources tant biologique que génétique dans un environnement inorganisé. Une réglementation au niveau national sur l’accès aux ressources génétiques et de partage des avantages, est à envisager dans le but de conserver la biodiversité, de maintenir une source majeure d’approvisionnement en ressources génétiques, d’organiser tout le processus d’APA et d’accroître les revenus des populations et de l’Etat. Dans ce cadre, les actions suivantes devraient mises en œuvre : (i) sensibiliser les acteurs sur Yeo et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2020 L’accès aux ressources génétiques et le partage des avantages tirés de l’exploitation de ces ressources : Quelles applications à l’espace Taï en Côte d’Ivoire 15160 l’APA; (ii)appuyer à la structuration des communautés locales ; (iii) mettre en place la réglementation sur l’accès aux ressources génétiques et le partage des avantages est recommandée pour consolider la conservation durable de la diversité biologique. Mots clés : Convention sur la diversité biologique, accès, avantages, Taï, Côte d’Ivoire. ABSTRACT The Convention on Biological Diversity is an international treaty adopted on June 5, 1992 at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil (Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro) and entered into force on December 29, 1993 after being ratified by 168 countries. It is a global response to the preservation of genetic resources, species and ecosystems both for their intrinsic value and for the economic importance they embody for present and future generations. The Ivory Coast, which acceded to the said convention in 1994, plans with this instrument to ensure the preservation of its biodiversity capital but also to regulate access to genetic resources and the sharing of the benefits derived from the resulting exploitation. Objective: This study aims to contribute to the discussion on the national framework for access and benefit-sharing of genetic resources relating to commercial and research activities, with a view to the development of a national legal framework. Methodology and results: To carry out this study, in addition to the documentary research, a field survey was conducted using an interview guide for the collection of quantitative and qualitative data from the various stakeholders. The following results have been obtained: (i) Insufficient information of stakeholders on ABS, (ii) Existence of exchanges of both biological and genetic resources in an unorganized environment; (iii) Lack of mechanism governing access and use of genetic resources for commercial and scientific purposes, (iv) Lack of knowledge of property rights; (v) Lack of structuring of communities to defend their interests. Conclusion and application of results: This study investigated the feasibility of implementing national ABS regulation. It made it possible to note at the local level the existence of exchange of resources both biological and genetic in an unorganized environment. Regulation at national level on access to genetic resources and benefit-sharing is to be envisaged in order to conserve biodiversity, maintain a major source of supply in genetic resources, organize the whole ABS process and to increase the income of the populations and the State. In this context, the following actions should be implemented: (i) sensitize the actors on ABS; (ii) support the structuring of local communities; (iii) putting in place regulations on access to genetic resources and benefit sharing is recommended to consolidate the sustainable conservation of biological diversity. Keywords : Convention on Biological Diversity, access, advantages, Taï, Côte d'Ivoire