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1

Noiriel, Gérard. "“Civil Rights” Policy in the United States and the Policy of “Integration” in Europe: Divergent Approaches to a Similar Issue." Journal of Policy History 6, no. 1 (1994): 120–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030600003651.

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Comparing European and North American policies with respect to “civil rights” is a difficult exercise for two reasons. First, it is important to emphasize that Europe and the United States are not political entities of a same nature. Granted, the fact that the nations that today comprise Europe are heirs of common history explains in part the similarities in their political behavior and distinguishes them as a group from the “New World.” Yet in the American case, despite the country's federalist structure and the existence of fifty states within the Union, we are dealing with a single nation,
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2

IGNATOV, AUGUSTIN. "GOVERNANCE EFFICIENCY, ECONOMIC SECURITY AND FEDERALISATION. THE EUROPEAN UNION AT CROSSROADS — IS IT TIME FOR CONSOLIDATION?" Global Economy Journal 19, no. 01 (2019): 1950003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2194565919500039.

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The European Union (EU) has certainly reduced its influence in the global economic affairs. Despite the fact that it unites 28 nations, including the former great powers such as the United Kingdom, Germany, France and Italy, the political and economic power of the community has considerably decreased starting with the second half of 2000s. The present research is undertaken with the aim of increasing the readers’ awareness regarding the necessity of enforcing the EU economic security through consolidating the authority of the supranational bodies in relation with national representatives. The
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3

Linsenmeyer, William S. "Foreign Nations, International Organizations, and Their Impact on Health Conditions in Nicaragua since 1979." International Journal of Health Services 19, no. 3 (1989): 509–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/5fv4-w26a-adgt-kepb.

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In July 1979, a coalition of social forces in Nicaragua, under the leadership of the Sandinistas, toppled the discredited 43-year Somoza dictatorship. In addition to revolutionary Nicaragua's own substantial efforts, since 1979 international forces and developments have had profound impacts on the nation's ambitious social programs. This article investigates the impact of foreign nations and international organizations on Nicaragua's health conditions since 1979. Given or pledged assistance, for health and other social needs, has been forthcoming, for example, from Latin America, Western Europ
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4

Prokhorenko, I. L. "The strategy of Spain in the United Nations." Cuadernos Iberoamericanos, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2020-2-9-18.

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The article explores potential, resources and strategy of Spain in the United Nations from the moment when the resolution of the socalled Spanish question was adopted and Spain joined this influential intergovernmental international organization in 1955 to the present date. The author focuses on key problems which directly deal with national interests of Spain, including: a dispute with the United Kingdom about the ownership of Gibraltar, perennial problem of the Western (Spanish) Sahara conflict management, the initiative and the UN programme Alliance of Civilizations, co-sponsored by Spain,
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5

Prokhorenko, I. L. "The strategy of Spain in the United Nations." Cuadernos Iberoamericanos 8, no. 2 (2021): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2020-8-2-9-18.

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The article explores potential, resources and strategy of Spain in the United Nations from the moment when the resolution of the socalled Spanish question was adopted and Spain joined this influential intergovernmental international organization in 1955 to the present date. The author focuses on key problems which directly deal with national interests of Spain, including: a dispute with the United Kingdom about the ownership of Gibraltar, perennial problem of the Western (Spanish) Sahara conflict management, the initiative and the UN programme Alliance of Civilizations, co-sponsored by Spain,
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6

Prokhorenko, I. L. "The strategy of Spain in the United Nations." Cuadernos Iberoamericanos, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2020-2-9-18.

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The article explores potential, resources and strategy of Spain in the United Nations from the moment when the resolution of the socalled Spanish question was adopted and Spain joined this influential intergovernmental international organization in 1955 to the present date. The author focuses on key problems which directly deal with national interests of Spain, including: a dispute with the United Kingdom about the ownership of Gibraltar, perennial problem of the Western (Spanish) Sahara conflict management, the initiative and the UN programme Alliance of Civilizations, co-sponsored by Spain,
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7

Fedorinin, Nikolay. "Economic Behavior of Russian Social Entrepreneurs during the Global Financial and Economic Crisis." Obshchestvo i ekonomika, no. 8 (2023): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s020736760027019-9.

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The discussion of the global financial and economic crisis has intensified in the scientific community against the background of global shocks, such as the reduction of exports and the closure of state borders in the context of COVID-19; the political and economic difficulties of the European Union; trade wars between the United States and China; the collapse in energy prices, the exorbitant public debt of some developed nations; swift changes in the geopolitical situation; political tensions between Western countries and Russia, economic sanctions, etc. At the same time, a new type of entrepr
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8

Sultan, Arif. "WTO SUCCESSOR TO GATT." American Journal of Islam and Society 14, no. 2 (1997): 172–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v14i2.2248.

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Within a short span of time a number of economic blocs have emergedon the world horizon. In this race, all countriedeveloped, developingand underdeveloped-are included. Members of the North America FreeTrade Agreement (NAITA) and the European Economic Community(EEC) are primarily of the developed countries, while the EconomicCooperation Organization (ECO) and the Association of South EastAsian Nations (ASEAN) are of the developing and underdevelopedAsian countries.The developed countries are scrambling to create hegemonies throughthe General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT). In these circu
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9

Guindo, Tidiane, and Muhamad Bai’ul Hak. "Assessing the effectiveness of agricultural policies on development: A systematic literature review from diverse countries." E3S Web of Conferences 475 (2024): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202447504001.

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This research strives to evaluate the efficacy of farm-related policies in promoting development by conducting a global analysis across diverse nations. The assessment seeks to distill invaluable insights through a comparative examination of agricultural policies implemented in various countries. The research employs a systematic literature review as its methodology. This comprehensive review systematically scrutinizes the impact of agricultural policies on development, with a specific focus on a carefully chosen set of countries: Mali, Cameroon, South Africa, Indonesia, Vietnam, the United St
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10

Morin, Jacques-Yvan. "Droit et souveraineté à l'aube du XXIe siècle." Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international 25 (1988): 47–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0069005800003143.

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SummaryThe author explores the relationship between the concept of sovereignty and international law. First, he examines this theme in its changing historical context, particularly the subordination of law to sovereignty by Hegel and the nineteenth-century positivists, and the various attempts by Kelsen and others in the twentieth century to assert the primacy of international law. He then examines the stress laid upon sovereignty as a means of obtaining a more just international economic order by states of the Third World. The implications of bilateral and multilateral agreements that grant b
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11

Yengibaryan, R. V. "Mass and uncontrolled immigration as a threat to the civil, legal and civilizational stability in Western European countries and Russia." Journal of Law and Administration 15, no. 3 (2019): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2073-8420-2019-3-52-3-9.

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Introduction. Following the collapse, or rather self-liquidation, of the Soviet Union-USSR world events began to develop at a kaleidoscopic speed. Europe, Russia and the United States ceased to be central actors in global politics. Huge civilization countries such as China, India and the African continent broke into global politics with ever-increasing power. The united bloc of Islamic countries began to make aggressive claims to the entire world community, and especially to the countries of Christian civilization. And the most important and unexpected thing is that the peoples, nations, commu
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12

Silva, Ana Paula, and Pabita Khanal. "IMMIGRANTS NEED CITIZENSHIP – THE ROLE OF ALMADA MUNDO ASSOCIATION." Revista Contemporânea 3, no. 6 (2023): 7137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.56083/rcv3n6-129.

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Migration is a human right enshrined in article 13 of the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights, which reads “every human being has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to it” (UN, 1948). The positive effects of migration have recently been highlighted, both for the countries of origin and destination, as well as for the migrants themselves. In 2005, migration was named the central challenge of the century by the United Nations Global Commission on International Migration and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (UN, 2015a). All signatory countries must
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Kwak, Dong Hun. "Romania’s National Security through Alliance Diplomacy." East European and Balkan Institute 46, no. 3 (2022): 155–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.19170/eebs.2022.46.3.155.

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To understand a phenomenon and to overcome it effectively, we need a lens that can see the phenomenon clearly. The meaning and type of the phenomenon look different depending on which lens we look through, and furthermore, the countermeasures and solution method for it are also different. The same goes for international relations. Alliance diplomacy, one of the various approaches to understanding the behavior of international relations, can be said to be a basic diplomatic means to maintain the balance of power between countries. The key to alliance diplomacy is the balance of power. The true
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14

Mukhtar, Sohaib, Muhammad Fayaz, and Malieka Farah Deeba. "Afghan Refugees in Pakistan and Syrian Refugees in European Union: A Comparative Analysis." Journal of Economics, Trade and Marketing Management 5, no. 1 (2023): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jetmm.v5n1p1.

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Displaced persons are Refugees, cross borders under coercion by force, leave motherland and difficult to return safely to home of parents. Root word is ‘refuge’ from which ‘refugee’ is derived, it means hiding and shelter from danger. Pakistan is not signatory of Refugee Convention 1951 but member of the United Nations (UN). Afghan refugees are living in Pakistan for approximately four decades, the Government of Pakistan provides favorable treatment and atmosphere to Afghan Refugees in Pakistan. Resultantly, Pakistan has been suffering terrorism, political instability, and economic dropdown th
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15

Klovach, E. V., G. M. Seleznev, and A. Yu Sulimov. "Relationship between the Classification of Chemical Products and Criteria for Qualifying Objects as Hazardous Production Facilities." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 10 (October 2022): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2022-10-27-32.

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In 2002 the international community adopted a new system of hazard classification and labeling of chemical products, which is recommended to be implemented by all the Member- countries of the United Nations through national legislation and international acts. Within the frame of the implementation of this decision, in 2015 the amendments were made to the Directive of the European Community of June 24, 1982, № 82/501/EEC on the prevention of major industrial accidents, and to the United Nations Convention onthe prevention of major industrial accidents, and a little later to the national legisla
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16

Husarov, Vadym, and Теtiana Кropyvnytska. "Formation of a club system in sports: experience of different countries." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University Series 15 Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 3K(188) (March 21, 2025): 107–10. https://doi.org/10.31392/udu-nc.series15.2025.03k(188).22.

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This article analyzes the processes of forming a club system in sports, which serves as a key element in organizing sports activities in many countries. It examines contemporary models of sports club functioning in the context of globalization. The relevance of this issue is driven by the fact that, under globalization and digitalization, the sports sector faces new challenges such as unequal access to resources, financial instability, the introduction of new technologies, and the need to adapt to modern socio-economic conditions. Therefore, it is essential to study and analyze the experiences
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17

Majone, Giandomenico. "Cross-National Sources of Regulatory Policymaking in Europe and the United States." Journal of Public Policy 11, no. 1 (1991): 79–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00004943.

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ABSTRACTBecause events occur too fast and ideas mature too slowly for responses to be designed anew for each pressing problem, policy innovation often relies on pre-existing models, foreign or domestic. This seems to be especially true for regulatory policymaking, since public regulation is typically introduced in conditions of crisis. In this paper we examine several cases of policy innovation in the area of economic and social regulation where the influence of foreign models is quite clear: the development of competition policy in Europe in the 1950s, the growth of European Community regulat
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18

Afriyie, Frederick Appiah, and Jisong Jian. "An Investigation of Economic Sanctions and Its Implications for Africa." Journal of Politics and Law 11, no. 3 (2018): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v11n3p74.

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Economic sanctions are not only applied to countries in Africa by the United Nations (UN), the European Union (EU) and the United States (US) but also by the African Union (AU) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) as well. The African continent is considered to be the most affected in terms of the influences of more economic sanctions from the UN, EU, and the U.S than any other continent across the globe and these sanctions normally comes into force as a result of conflicts, civil wars and also unconstitutional overthrow of a constitutionally elected government. Also thes
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19

Shahid Jan Afridi and Qaisar Ali. "Trump New Approaches (Ceasefire Agreement) toward Russia-Ukraine Conflicts and Its Implications for Regional Security." Social Science Review Archives 3, no. 2 (2025): 214–29. https://doi.org/10.70670/sra.v3i2.607.

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The research article focuses on Donald Trump's new approaches toward Russia-Ukraine war and what will be the respond of the European Union of this new policy. The analysis is based on the 1983 regional security complex hypothesis proposed by Barry Buzan, Ole Waever, and Jaap de Wilde. The study utilized the ex-post facto research design. Therefore, information was acquired from secondary sources such as textbooks, newspapers, journal articles, and the internet. Analyzed evidence from these sources enabled the formation of a reliable pattern from which conclusions could be inferred. The study i
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20

Djukanovic, Dragan. "The Western Balkans: The fate of an European periphery." Medjunarodni problemi 67, no. 4 (2015): 349–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp1504349d.

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The paper analyzes what is the current position of the Western Balkans in the context of contemporary European trends and events. The author considers the European and Euro-Atlantic integration a certain attempt to ?relocate? the whole region of the Western Balkans from an obvious periphery to a semi-periphery position. The focus of analysis is on numerous problems such as continued revitalization of the local ethno-nationalisms, structural economic crisis, the presence of high levels of organized crime and corruption. The author points out that, so far, numerous attempts of the most influenti
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21

Yanin, Oleksii. "The Role of International Actors in the Reintegration of Temporarily Occupied Crimea." Society and Security, no. 2(8) (May 13, 2025): 52–60. https://doi.org/10.26642/sas-2025-2(8)-52-60.

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The article explores the role of the international community in the reintegration of temporarily occupied Crimea, with a particular focus on the significance of international support, diplomatic efforts, and economic sanctions in response to Russia’s illegal annexation of the peninsula in 2014. It analyzes the activities of key international actors such as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, the OSCE, G7, Turkey, China, Global South countries as well as their influence on the political, economic, and social situation in Crimea. Special attention is given to issues related to humanrig
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Ostapenko, Iuliia, Dmitry Zadykhaylo, Andrii Lyseiuk, Yuliia Tunitska, and Liudmyla Sierova. "Global Practices and Experiences in Developing a Green Economy amid Financial Crises." Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources 7, no. 3 (2024): 244–70. https://doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.070314.

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Currently, the global community confronts two pivotal challenges such as the rapid expansion of the world population and the consequential escalation of pressure on the environment. Swift and effective mitigation of these challenges necessitates the expeditious internalization of external effects as a primary preventive measure. Therefore, this article aims to analyze the strategies employed by the leading economies, including China, the United States, Korea, and the European Union, to advance their green economies amidst periods of financial downturns. By analyzing the cases of these countrie
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23

Gunawan, Yordan, Arqam Muhammad Amrullah, and Muhammad Fauzi. "Discrimination On The Immigrants: Migration Venezuelan To The Colombia." YURISDIKSI : Jurnal Wacana Hukum dan Sains 18, no. 4 (2023): 475–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.55173/yurisdiksi.v18i4.88.

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Venezuela is facing a severe economic, political, and social crisis, with acute shortages of food, medicine, and other basic goods. At the same time, large numbers of Venezuelans left the country to migrate, causing Latin America to be hit by a massive migration crisis that never happened before. On the other hand, the Venezuelan population who migrated, especially to Colombia, experienced discrimination. Covid 19 is also making the Venezuelan conditions worsen, along with shortages of food, medicine, and health, as well as access to social services. This research aims to analyze various aspec
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N., Srikanth. "National Water Policies and its relevance in Protecting the Environmental Rights." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 1 (2017): 985–90. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd7152.

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"Water is not a commercial product like any other but, rather, a heritage which must be protected, defended and treated as such." Preamble to the European Union Water Framework Directive, 2000Water is a scarce and finite resource with no substitute, only upon which the existence of life on this earth depends. During the last century, the population of the world has more than tripled, from 1.6 billion to over 6 billion, while water resources have remained constant. According to the United Nations World Water Development Report, 2003, About 2 billion people in over 40 countries are aff
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Castles, Stephen. "Migration and Community Formation under Conditions of Globalization." International Migration Review 36, no. 4 (2002): 1143–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2002.tb00121.x.

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This article sets out to rethink the dynamics of the migratory process under conditions of globalization. Two main models of migration and incorporation dominated academic and policy approaches in the late twentieth century: first, the settler model, according to which immigrants gradually integrated into economic and social relations, re-united or formed families and eventually became assimilated into the host society (sometimes over two or three generations); second, the temporary migration model, according to which migrant workers stayed in the host country for a limited period, and maintai
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Lazanyuk, Inna V., and David Mambu Diu. "Angola’s economy under sanctions: problems and solutions." R-Economy 8, no. 3 (2022): 208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/recon.2022.8.3.017.

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Relevance. Africa is the continent most targeted by sanctions. African states were made subject to sanctions by the United Nations and various regional organizations such as the African Union, Economic Community of West African States, and the European Union. There is, however, still a lack of understanding of these sanctions’ intended and unintended effects in the African context, which is the research gap this study seeks to address. Research objective. This paper analyzes the role and mechanisms of the sanctions imposed by Western countries (especially the USA) against Angola and other Afri
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GÜNDOĞMUŞ, Bekir, and Mahmut METE. "Korku Siyaseti: Siyasi Ortamı Şekillendiren Bir Araç Olarak Göçmen Korkusu." Erciyes İletişim Dergisi 11, no. 1 (2024): 61–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17680/erciyesiletisim.1352206.

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Fear; throughout history, it has been a powerful tool used by authorities, governments and leaders to shape social reactions, manipulate public opinion, influence the masses and shape the political environment. Today, the common feature of the politics of fear on a global scale is that it is directed at immigrants. Leaders and political parties are instrumentalizing the fear of immigrants in order to gain legitimacy and support for their policies and to gain the support of the voters in the election processes. Fear on immigration is used in ways that reflect immigrants as a threat to economic
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Zhang, X. "The Coronavirus Will Not Change the long-Term Upward Trend of China’s Economic Development." Finance: Theory and Practice 24, no. 5 (2020): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2020-24-5-15-23.

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The author investigates the impact of COVID‑19 and macro-policy adjustment on China’s economic development. The aim is to describe the situation and trend of China’s economic development before and after COVID‑19. The research method is the comparative data analysis. The study shows that in response to COVID‑19, the Chinese government, on the one hand, has accelerated its opening-up, taken the opportunity of fighting against the pandemic to provide medical assistance to and cooperate with other countries, and actively promoted the building of a community with a shared future for mankind and th
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Han, Feng, Zhangcong Feng, Chao Wang, Nujie Yang, Dong Yang, and Feng Shi. "Interweaving Industrial Ecology and Ecological Modernization: A Comparative Bibliometric Analysis." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (2021): 9673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179673.

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Although industrial activity has brought about rapid economic growth, it also faces the dual challenges of resource constraints and environmental pressure. Industrial ecology (IE) and ecological modernization (EM) are two theories regarding the conceptualization and implementation of sustainable development that emerged from the natural and social sciences, respectively. Over the past three decades, scholars have conducted copious amounts of theoretical and applied research on IE and EM, but comparative studies from an interdisciplinary perspective on the relationship between the two remain re
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30

Blyzniuk, V. V., L. P. Huk, and R. Ya Levin. "Educational component of Ukraine’s human capital from the perspective of post-war reconstruction." Ukrainian society 92, no. 1 (2025): 86–109. https://doi.org/10.15407/socium2025.01.086.

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The article analyses the educational component of Ukraine’s human capital with the aim of identifying ways to improve it after the war, considering the pre-war situation and war losses. The authors’ own understanding of the essence of human capital in relation to a particular community is formulated, based on the attitude of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe to the role of this type of capital as a necessary factor of competitiveness in the knowledge economy. It is shown that before the war, the educational component of human capital reproduction as a prerequisite for competiti
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Rafalska, A. M., and V. O. Bukina. "Brexit: Causes and consequences of the British referendum." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 3 (July 18, 2023): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.03.5.

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The British vote in the June 2016 referendum to leave the European Union shook the entire European continent and beyond. It was one of the most important events in Europe since the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and could very well mean the beginning of the end of the European Union as everyone knew it. On the eve of the election campaign, it was announced that the country wants to “take back control” of its borders, money and laws, which caused a resonance among voters. The vote comes after decades of growing hostility to the European project, which has ensured the supremacy of EU law in cer
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Kovtun, О. V. "DEVELOPMENT OF FAMILY FARMING PRODUCTION AS THE GUARANTY OF STABLE FOOD SECURITY: REVIEW OF THE SITUATION IN UKRAINE AND SOME COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD." Animal Breeding and Genetics 56 (December 4, 2018): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.56.19.

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In this study we introduce a comparative analysis of the current situation in the sector of small yield agriculture in Ukraine and some countries belonging to the Community of Portuguese Language Countries, such as Portugal, Brazil, and Cape Verde, in the context of the international policies for the Strategy of Nutritional and Food Security (Estratégia de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional). We used materials from the United Nations on Food Security, secondary sources from Ukrainian, Portuguese, Brazilian, and Cape Verdean researchers on the characteristics of the sector, as well as, the resul
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Vlasova, Inna. "UNIVERSITY AUTONOMY: ANALYSIS OF THE INTERNATIONAL DOCUMENTS." Pedagogical Process: Theory and Practice, no. 1-2 (2019): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2078-1687.2019.1-2.100105.

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The article is devoted to the identification of the higher education development trends on the basis of the key analytical documents analysis of the following international organizations in higher education: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (ОЕCD), World Bank, European University Association. UNESCO documents are focused on the autonomy of higher education institutions and academic freedom. Autonomy means that degree of self-governance necessary for effective decision making by institutions of highe
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Imbrenda, Vito, Rosa Coluzzi, Francesca Mariani, et al. "Working in (Slow) Progress: Socio-Environmental and Economic Dynamics in the Forestry Sector and the Contribution to Sustainable Development in Europe." Sustainability 15, no. 13 (2023): 10271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151310271.

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Forest ecosystems are increasingly subject to disturbances, such as extreme (climate) events, fires and pathological outbreaks, which exert significant (and still poorly quantified) economic impacts, despite their intrinsic resilience. How forest management addresses these challenges will have profound effects on human health, environmental diversity, (ecological and economic) productivity and the ability of forest ecosystems to recovery from exogenous shocks. Assuming forests as ensuring ecosystem services that are vital to society and human well-being, in addition to providing wood material,
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35

Zečević, Slobodan. "Contribution to discussions about existence of the constitutional law of the European Union." Arhiv za pravne i drustvene nauke 11, no. 1 (2023): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/adpn2301009z.

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In relation to the topic, the formal absence of a legal text called the constitution of the European Union is noticeable. Simple logic dictates the conclusion that in absence of European constitution, there is no constitutional law of the European Union. However, the reality is much more complex than it seems. The United Kingdom, for example, does not have a written act called a constitution, but instead several constitutional contents whose sources are in laws, legal practice and so-called constitutional customs. Germany also formally does not have a constitution, but a Fundamental Law that p
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Włodarczyk, Włodzimierz Cezary. "Globalne ocieplenie – wyzwanie dla zdrowia publicznego." Zdrowie Publiczne i Zarządzanie 22, no. 1 (2025): 26. https://doi.org/10.4467/20842627oz.24.006.21288.

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In recent years, the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events has reached a dimension that allows to talk about a crisis of global warming. Mighty heat waves cause long-term changes in the environment, such as straining of the land with devastating economic, social (migration, unemployment) and political (internal and external conflicts) consequences. They also cause serious health consequences; trigger temporary and permanent weakening of immunity, an increase in the incidence of many diseases and, consequently, an rise in mortality. Certain social groups are particularly
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Zhuk, Valerii, Yuliia Bezdushna, Nataliia Zhuk, and Olena Hryschenko. "POLICY FOR THE ASSESSMENT AND COMPENSATION OF DAMAGES FROM THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION’S AGGRESSION AGAINST UKRAINE." Academy Review 2, no. 63 (2025): 104–21. https://doi.org/10.32342/3041-2137-2025-2-63-7.

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The military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine has led to significant destruction and economic losses, which must be compensated. The creation of transparent and fair compensation mechanisms is critically important for the restoration of economic stability and the development of Ukraine. A clear and well-developed policy for assessing and indemnifying damages is essential for the effective operation of the compensation mechanism. The article analyzes the main initiatives of the international community and Ukraine regarding the system for recording, assessing, and indemnifyin
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Sharqi, Assist prof Dr Nahreen Jawad. "Democratic Peace and Liberal Peace: Argumentative and Intentions." International and Political Journal, no. 55 (June 1, 2023): 299–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.31272/ipj.i55.176.

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 Some people believe that the concept of liberal peace should be seen in relation to the thesis of democratic peace. This literature focused more on whether democratic countries are more peaceful in their foreign relations and tried to provide a theoretical and empirical explanation for this. The democratic peace thesis states the following: 1) Democratic states rarely fight each other. 2) Democratic countries tend to be more open to international trade than non-democratic ones, which creates interdependencies that prevent war from breaking out between them.3) Democracies tend to be more
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Sakunaveeti, Dr Ramesh. "Guardians of the Consumer: A Comparative Analysis of Consumer Protection Laws Across Countries." http://journal.hmjournals.com/index.php/JLS/issue/view/356, no. 36 (November 11, 2023): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jls.36.28.32.

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In this comprehensive exploration of consumer protection laws across diverse countries, the focus is on comparing the intricate structures, strengths, and weaknesses that characterize these regulatory frameworks. The journey into the historical evolution of consumer protection regulations provides a contextual backdrop to the contemporary landscape, offering valuable insights into the motivations that led to their establishment and the hurdles encountered in their implementation. The historical lens through which we examine the evolution of consumer protection laws reveals a compelling narrati
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Tundo, Pietro, Paul Anastas, David StC Black, et al. "Synthetic pathways and processes in green chemistry. Introductory overview." Pure and Applied Chemistry 72, no. 7 (2000): 1207–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200072071207.

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ContentsGreen Chemistry in the International ContextThe Concept of green ChemistryDefinition of green chemistry | Green chemistry: Why now? | The historical context of green chemistry | The emergence of green chemistryThe Content of Green ChemistryAreas of green chemistry | Preliminary remarks | Alternative feedstocks | Benign reagents/synthetic pathways | Synthetic transformations | Solvents/reaction conditionsGreen Chemistry in the International ContextIt has come to be recognized in recent years, that the science of chemistry is central to addressing the problems facing the environment. Thr
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BROŽIČ, LILIANA. "DARFUR PEACEKEEPERS, REVIEW." POSAMEZNIK, DRŽAVA, VARNOST/ INDIVIDUAL, STATE, SECURITY, VOLUME 2021/ISSUE 23/4 (November 30, 2021): 103–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.23.4.rew2.

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In 2021, the French publishing house L'Harmattan published a monograph entitled Darfur peacekeepers the African Union peacekeeping mission in Darfur (AMIS) from the perspective of a Hungarian military advisor. The author of the 234-page monograph is Janos Besenyo. In addition to the author's preface and the conclusion, the monograph includes six substantive chapters. In the first chapter entitled Geography and history of Darfur, the author presents the geography, climate, flora and fauna, major cities, economy, infrastructure, different nationalities, ethnic groups and religions, and the histo
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Velasco Tirado, Ana, Antonio F. Rodríguez, Celia Sevilla Sánchez, and Juan Manuel Rodríguez. "A Spanish Standard for defining Open Geographic Data." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-380-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> There are a wide variety of initiatives and guidelines recommending publishing government data, especially geospatial data as open data, for instance:</p><p>G8 launched in June 2013 in a meeting in Lough Erne (Ireland) the G8 Open Data Charter recognizing that Open Data improves Governance and it is an innovation engine. Geographic data where included as one of the areas of great value. The eight countries were committed to approve an action plan before 2013 October and yearly publish a report.</p><p>G20 and United Nations
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Topchiy, Vasyl, Maksym Zabarniy, and Nataliya Lugina. "APPLICATION OF THE METHOD OF SWOT-ANALYSIS AS A MEANS OF STRATEGIC PLANNING DURING THE INVESTIGATION OF CRIMINAL CASES IN THE FIELD OF ECONOMICS IN BORDERS." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 6, no. 3 (2020): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2020-6-3-166-170.

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A cooperation between states in criminal cases is carried out in order to achieve the goals of justice and may exist at the stage of pre-trial investigation, trial, as well as after the entry into force of a court decision (sentence, ruling). Forms of international cooperation in the investigation of criminal cases are quite diverse. The main ones are: providing legal assistance, which consists in carrying out procedural actions, because during the investigation and trial of criminal cases there is often a need to gather evidence abroad by questioning defendants, victims, witnesses, experts, c
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Alaca, Mehmet Fatih, and Sait Akbaşlı. "Some Indicators Regarding Early Childhood Education and Care in Türkiye and Their International Comparison." International Journal of Educational Spectrum 7, no. 1 (2025): 80–95. https://doi.org/10.47806/ijesacademic.1531542.

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This study aims to compare Türkiye's early childhood education and care (ECEC) indicators, such as enrollment rates, duration of education, age of access, mandatory school start age, student-to-teacher ratios, and allocated budgets, with those of the top six European countries ranked in the United Nations Human Development Index 2024. The comparison is based on reports from UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), EU (European Union), UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), UNDP (United Nations De
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Kelly, John J. "Improving the Comparability of International Migration Statistics: Contributions by the Conference of European Statisticians from 1971 to Date." International Migration Review 21, no. 4 (1987): 1017–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838702100406.

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During the past fifteen years the Conference of European Statisticians, a Principal Subsidiary Body of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe and the United Nations Statistical Commission, has actively worked on improving the quality and international comparability of international migration statistics. This article summarizes the principal activities the Conference has pursued and the progress it has achieved in this field during this period through its contributions to the preparation and implementation of the United Nations recommendations on international migration statistics, i
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Marsili, Marco. "Arctic Security: A Global Challenge." Jadavpur Journal of International Relations 26, no. 2 (2022): 139–58. https://doi.org/10.1177/09735984221120299.

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Arctic security is a main security challenge—a global one, not only a regional one—not only for the Arctic countries, but for the whole international community, first of all Europe. With the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China expanding their role in the area, and the difficulty of finding an undisputed governance on maritime routes and economic exploitation of resources, there is the risk of militarization of the Arctic. After briefly summarizing current and future challenges in the Arctic, this article analyzes the limits due to a deficit of suitable instr
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Schelhaas, Mart-Jan. "European Forest Sector Outlook Study II: Switzerland in the European context." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 164, no. 9 (2013): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2013.0271.

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European Forest Sector Outlook Study II: Switzerland in the European context The European Forest Sector Outlook Study II (EFSOS II) is the latest in a series of outlook studies by United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), providing an outlook for the European forest sector for the period 2010–2030. The study is structured around a reference scenario and four policy scenarios, implemented in a set of mathematical models. The paper summarises the methodology and main outcomes for Central Europe, discusses specific Swi
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Skokauskas, Norbert, and Myron Belfer. "Global child mental health: what can we learn from countries with limited financial resources?" International Psychiatry 8, no. 2 (2011): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600002460.

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In 1977 the World Health Organization recommended that every country throughout the world should have a national plan for child mental health. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child has been another important stimulus for child mental health policies and services in many countries. Adopted unanimously by the United Nations General Assembly in 1989 and instituted as international law in 1990, the Convention is an agreement on the basic protections that should be accorded to children. Adopted in 1961, the European Social Charter is the major European treaty that secures childre
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Emboaba Moreira, Dr Mauricio, and Dr Walter Bataglia. "Public Policies to Promote Regional Air Transport Experiences in Different Countries and Lessons for Developing Countries." International Journal of Business & Management Studies 06, no. 03 (2025): 14–23. https://doi.org/10.56734/ijbms.v6n3a2.

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This study discusses the application of government subsidies through public policies promoting regional transport. By analysing extant government intervention in the United States, Canada, Australia, Norway and Brazil, the text identifies commonalities in their objectives (the impossibility of economic self-sustainability of air services, lack of satisfactory land transport services, potential healthcare, educational and postal access by local populations, need for national integration, among others). However, the mechanisms of existing public policies in each country or group of countries (Eu
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Androniceanu, Armenia, and Irina Georgescu. "E-Government in European Countries, a Comparative Approach Using the Principal Components Analysis." NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy 14, no. 2 (2021): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nispa-2021-0015.

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Abstract The digitalization of public administration is a necessary condition for the economic and social development of each country. In this context, e-government is developing and diversifying its forms of implementation, contributing significantly to the efficiency of public administration, to increasing the degree of transparency and to reducing corruption in public institutions. The aim of the research was to know how the states of the European Union evolved from the point of view of e-government and what influence it had on the economic development of the analyzed states and on the Euro
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