Relevant bibliographies by topics / United Nations System in the Gambia

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'United Nations System in the Gambia'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "United Nations System in the Gambia"

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Samuel, Omaji, Ahmad Almogren, Atia Javaid, Mansour Zuair, Ibrar Ullah, and Nadeem Javaid. "Leveraging Blockchain Technology for Secure Energy Trading and Least-Cost Evaluation of Decentralized Contributions to Electrification in Sub-Saharan Africa." Entropy 22, no. 2 (2020): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22020226.

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The International Energy Agency has projected that the total energy demand for electricity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is expected to rise by an average of 4% per year up to 2040. It implies that ~620 million people are living without electricity in SSA. Going with the 2030 vision of the United Nations that electricity should be accessible to all, it is important that new technology and methods are provided. In comparison to other nations worldwide, smart grid (SG) is an emerging technology in SSA. SG is an information technology-enhanced power grid, which provides a two-way communication network between energy producers and customers. Also, it includes renewable energy, smart meters, and smart devices that help to manage energy demands and reduce energy generation costs. However, SG is facing inherent difficulties, such as energy theft, lack of trust, security, and privacy issues. Therefore, this paper proposes a blockchain-based decentralized energy system (BDES) to accelerate rural and urban electrification by improving service delivery while minimizing the cost of generation and addressing historical antipathy and cybersecurity risk within SSA. Additionally, energy insufficiency and fixed pricing schemes may raise concerns in SG, such as the imbalance of order. The paper also introduces a blockchain-based energy trading system, which includes price negotiation and incentive mechanisms to address the imbalance of order. Moreover, existing models for energy planning do not consider the effect of fill rate (FR) and service level (SL). A blockchain levelized cost of energy (BLCOE) is proposed as the least-cost solution that measures the impact of energy reliability on generation cost using FR and SL. Simulation results are presented to show the performance of the proposed model and the least-cost option varies with relative energy generation cost of centralized, decentralized and BDES infrastructure. Case studies of Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire, Gambia, Liberia, Mali, and Senegal illustrate situations that are more suitable for BDES. For other SSA countries, BDES can cost-effectively service a large population and regions. Additionally, BLCOE reduces energy costs by approximately 95% for battery and 75% for the solar modules. The future BLCOE varies across SSA on an average of about 0.049 $/kWh as compared to 0.15 $/kWh of an existing system in the literature.
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Stratford, Juri. "The United Nations System:." Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian 6, no. 1-2 (1987): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j103v06n01_08.

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Montgomery, John D. "Renewing the United Nations system." Habitat International 19, no. 2 (1995): 235–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0197-3975(95)90013-6.

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Groom, A. J. R. "Politics in the United Nations system." International Affairs 65, no. 1 (1988): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2620986.

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Campbell, John C., and Lawrence S. Finkelstein. "Politics in the United Nations System." Foreign Affairs 66, no. 5 (1988): 1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20043584.

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Orakhelashvili, Alexander. "Kosovo and the United Nations System." Journal of International Peacekeeping 13, no. 1-2 (2009): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187541109x402963.

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Editorial Submission, Haworth. "The United Nations Documentation Information System." Technical Services Quarterly 3, no. 3-4 (1985): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j124v03n03_31.

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Ghazarbekian, Sahak. "Decentralization within the United Nations system." Public Administration and Development 8, no. 2 (1988): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pad.4230080203.

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Schachter, Oscar. "United Nations Law." American Journal of International Law 88, no. 1 (1994): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2204020.

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As the United Nations system approaches its fiftieth anniversary, there is good reason to take a fresh view of its contribution to legal order in the contemporary world. That contribution has rarely been assessed in its full generality. A half century of law creation and application by the United Nations and its specialized agencies has produced a corpus juris of impressive breadth and diversity. Not surprisingly, the greater part of this law is known only to those specially concerned with a particular area or subject. Indeed, no one can be expected to be knowledgeable in all, or even most, of the fields covered. Still, along with the diversity, common elements can be found to enable us to characterize the total product as a distinctive, multilayered legal order. This essay is an overview of its essential and interesting features. It aims particularly at informing the many nonspecialists in and outside the international law community who have reason to be interested in the process and substance of the legal contribution of the UN system.
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Urquhart, Brian. "The United Nations system and the future." International Affairs 65, no. 2 (1989): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2622069.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "United Nations System in the Gambia"

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Shinn, Richard J. "The United Nations monitoring system - applications for North Korea." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/1995/Sep/95Sep_Shinn.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Systems Technology (Scientific and Technical Intelligence)) Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 1995.<br>Thesis advisor(,):Peter Lavoy, Vicente Garcia. "September 1995" Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-82). Also available online.
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Politov, Georgi D. "United Nations peacekeeping : reliance on centralized or regional system /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Jun%5FPolitov.pdf.

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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2003.<br>"MBA professional report"--Cover. Thesis advisor(s): Nancy C. Roberts, John E. Mutty. Includes bibliographical references (p. 49-52). Also available online.
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Xanthaki, Alexandra. "Indigenous rights in the United Nations system : self-determination, culture, land." Thesis, Keele University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394654.

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Johnson, Edward James. "The British Government's attitude to United Nations peacekeeping in the postwar international system." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410226.

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Baydas, Lana. "In search of the rule of law : judicial review in the United Nations system." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3869/.

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The New World Order revives interest in the relationship between law and politics in international relations. This relation has always been discussed. But, with the considerable activism displayed by the Security Council over the last years and its dynamic and selective application of its powers under Chapter VII of the Charter, this relation has taken on a new dimension viewed from the perspective of the United Nations. Such a dimension underlines a "constitutional" approach to the United Nations framework: a quest for judicial review with the International Court of Justice as the ultimate guardian of the United Nations. The analysis of judicial review has generally been discussed in the light of the experience of municipal constitutional courts, specifically, of the United States Supreme Court. This constitutional approach should be viewed with caution. The peculiarities of the international system and of the United Nations system determine both a different scope and context for judicial review.
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Ekpe, Bassey. "Theories of collective intelligence and decision-making : towards a viable United Nations intelligence system." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2005. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/7481/.

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The idea of a United Nations (UN) intelligence system is widely misunderstood and debates about it seem to be both misplaced and anecdotal. The lack of a consistent theory on intelligence has fostered the widely held view that such a system is not feasible or incompatible with the UN collective security system. This dissertation takes as its central thesis, the question, of whether an intelligence system is both desirable and feasible within the UN structure. In spite of the fact that no known study has so far engaged with the subject matter at the depth presented in this dissertation, the study advances the concept of collective intelligence, and its implications for managing international conflicts. The dissertation examines existing barriers in efforts to interface intelligence system with the UN structure, and proposes that, with suitable refinements, the concept of intelligence need not be incompatible with the UN system. It is also argued that these constraints should not preclude evolutionary changes to include an intelligence system that is compatible with an organisation such as the UN. By developing a concept of collective intelligence, the thesis proposes theoretical frameworks that suggest a potential nature of a viable intelligence capability within the UN. The analysis is developed normatively and conceptually, which lead to a further conclusion that the UN already possesses an intelligence capability which exists in manner that is not recognised. The lack of scholarly efforts to ground such a system on a reasonable framework creates a vacuum in the study of international organisations, and in particular the United Nations system. At a minimum, this dissertation fills this gap.
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Wu, Shu Wen. "The role of China in strengthening the UN collective security system." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3952223.

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Roele, Isobel. "Evaluating self-defence claims in the United Nations collective security system : between esotericism and exploitability." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11526/.

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This thesis is about identifying valid self-defence claims in the UN collective security system. The thesis suggests a fresh theoretical approach to balancing the imperative for adaptation of the right of self-defence with the danger that too broad a right could be exploited by states wishing to justify national policy. The starting point for the thesis is the twin realist criticisms that the right of self- defence is either too narrowly drawn and therefore not fit for the purpose of protecting states‘ interests, or too broadly drawn and therefore hostage to the subjective interpretation of states using force. These problems were intensified during the Administration of former President G.W. Bush in the USA. In this work, these two criticisms are dubbed 'esotericism' and 'exploitation' respectively. The problem of self-defence, as an exception to the general prohibition on the use of force, is often phrased in terms of a choice between the is of state practice and the ought of abstract norms. In this thesis, it is suggested that no such choice needs to be made. In order to identify a valid self-defence claim, the is of evaluative state practice is harnessed and constrained by a process of argumentation grounded in mutual understanding of the facts of a given case. Two strands of social theory are used to accomplish this. One of them questions whether states have to be conceived as rationally self-interested actors and suggests that the key to the identification of valid self-defence claims is for states to take responsibility for their claims and evaluations of the right. The other strand of theory expands on Habermas‘ idea of the criticizable validity claim. The report that self-defence has been used should act as a starting point for argumentation and not the last word in national process of decision.
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Asiedu, Charlotte. "Environmental Review of United Nations Peacekeeping Operations for Sustainability, Kivu, DR Congo." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20216.

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The environmental aspects of United Nations (UN) peacekeeping is not as popularly known to thegeneral public as its socio-economic issues. This thesis work looks at UN peacekeeping from theenvironmental perspective by carrying out an environmental review of peacekeeping in the NorthKivu province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo using ISO 14001 as model.Chapter one describes sustainable development as a shared responsibility and the need to ensurebalance in the social, economic and environmental issues in the pursuit of peace in host nationsduring peacekeeping.Chapter two summarizes the key issues in ISO 14001 and the requirements for conducting anenvironmental review. In chapter three, the research methodology is highlighted and chapter fourgives an overview of UN peace and security actions and the interaction among other peaceinstruments and peacekeeping. That chapter also highlights peacekeeping in Africa and in the DRCwith emphasis on the North Kivu province.The results obtained from the environmental review are presented in chapter five and the analysis ofthe result based on the ‘three party model tool for ethical risk analysis’ presented in chapter six.The research findings revealed that, the United Nations peacekeeping operations have environmentalaspects which the author identified to include emissions to air, waste, energy consumption, chemicalsusage, discharge to water, training, water consumption, exploration of resources, location/land useand fire and other uncontrolled activities. The environmental impacts and ethical risk analysis of theidentified aspects were also assessed.Conclusions and recommendations are given in Chapter seven which include the need for the UnitedNations to implement an effective environmental management system to handle its significantenvironmental aspects.
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Ghanea-Hercock, Nazila. "The interaction between the United Nations human rights system and the Baha'is of Iran (1980-1998)." Thesis, Keele University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311734.

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Books on the topic "United Nations System in the Gambia"

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United Nations system. Clio Press, 1995.

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Baratta, Joseph Preston. United Nations system. Transaction Publishers, 1995.

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United Nations system. Transaction Publishers, 1995.

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The United Nations System. ABC-CLIO, 2008.

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Childers, Erskine. Renewing the United Nations system. Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation, 1994.

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Childers, Erskine. Renewing the United Nations system. Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation, 1994.

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Office of the UN Resident Coordinator (Gambia). The Gambia and the United Nations family: Partners in developement. United Nations, 2003.

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The evolution ofthe United Nations system. 3rd ed. Taylor & Francis, 1996.

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Africa in the United Nations system. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1985.

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Gordenker, Leon. Thinking about the United Nations system. Academic Council on the United Nations, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "United Nations System in the Gambia"

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Turner, Barry. "United Nations System." In The Statesman’s Yearbook 2010. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-58632-5_4.

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Turner, Barry. "United Nations System." In The Statesman’s Yearbook 2005. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230271333_4.

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Turner, Barry. "United Nations System." In The Statesman’s Yearbook 2007. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230271357_7.

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Turner, Barry. "United Nations System." In The Statesman’s Yearbook. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230271340_5.

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Turner, Barry. "United Nations System." In The Statesman’s Yearbook. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-67278-3_3.

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Heath-Brown, Nick. "United Nations System." In The Stateman’s Yearbook. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-57823-8_3.

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Turner, Barry. "United Nations System." In The Statesman’s Yearbook. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-59643-0_3.

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Turner, Barry. "United Nations System." In The Statesman’s Yearbook. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-59541-9_3.

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Turner, Barry. "United Nations System." In The Statesman’s Yearbook. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-58635-6_4.

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Turner, Barry. "United Nations System." In The Statesman’s Yearbook. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-59051-3_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "United Nations System in the Gambia"

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Marzukhi, Syahaneim, Nur Hidayah Mohammad Daud, Zuraini Zainol, and Omar Zakaria. "Framework of Knowledge-Based System for United Nations Peacekeeping Operations Using Data Mining Technique." In 2018 Fourth International Conference on Information Retrieval and Knowledge Management (CAMP). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/infrkm.2018.8464802.

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George Saadé, Raafat, and James Wan. "Proposing an Integrated Change Management Model for the United Nations." In InSITE 2017: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Vietnam. Informing Science Institute, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3776.

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Aim/Purpose: Using United Nations as the backdrop, this article present a theory-based conceptual model. The results of this empirical study also identify the most influence factors to the success of change management to the United Nations. Background: In 2000, the issue of management reform started taking center stage in the United Nations, and change efforts were presented to various governing bodies regularly as an indicator of organizational performance. However, existing change theories put many efforts on addressing the institutional management and behavior problems. Only a few answered the phenomenon existing in the U.N. context. Methodology: Using the data collected from seven United Nations organizations, we assess the psychometric properties of validated survey items, followed by EFA and then CFA. Contribution: Change management in the United Nations context is rarely being studied. Fifteen items in five constructs describing impact factors for current change process in the United Nations are derived. Findings This article identified five factors, including Communication, Transparency, Culture, Participation, and Resistance, that are the most influence factors with implication to change and change management in the United Nations. Recommendations for Practitioners: To United Nations management professionals, they should not only emphasize on the implementations of the change process, but also, as our findings clearly show, on institutional pressures such as culture. However, the results of this study also show that putting efforts on clear organization’s objectives and procedure, smooth improvement process in place, transparency with the encouragement of staff participation, will significantly reduce such impact from the resistance of staff. Recommendation for Researchers: The U.N. context is changing today at a faster rate. The U.N. is rarely being studied. Organizational theories applied to management frameworks provide great opportunity for research. These studies can also investigate management theories as they apply to the various types of U.N. organizations such specialized ones and other NGOs. Impact on Society: As one of the biggest players in the international political and economic stage with a significant influence on the stability of global society, this study introduces an understanding of this political nature body that does not only benefit the knowledge of the organization but also indirectly impacts on the sustainability of the global community in the long run. Future Research: This research makes significant implications for future studies in the change management theory from an integrated view in the context of the United Nations. That could attract more attention further on an integration of strategic management, the cohesive methodology of project management practices as well as assimilated performance management research from within the U.N. system.
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Adkins, M., J. Kruse, L. E. Damianos, et al. "Experience using collaborative technology with the United Nations and multi-national militaries: rim of the Pacific 2000 Strong Angel exercise in humanitarian assistance." In Proceedings of Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. HICSS-34. IEEE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2001.926247.

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Pribyl, Barbara, Satinder Purewal, and Harikrishnan Tulsidas. "Development of the Petroleum Resource Specifications and Guidelines PRSG – A Petroleum Classification System for the Energy Transition." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205847-ms.

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Abstract The Petroleum Working Group (PWG) of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) has developed the Petroleum Resource Specifications and Guidelines (PRSG) to facilitate the application of the United Nations Framework Classification for Resources (UNFC) for evaluating and classifying petroleum projects. The UNFC was developed by the Expert Group on Resource Management (EGRM) and covers all resource sectors such as minerals, petroleum, renewable energy, nuclear resources, injection projects, anthropogenic resources and groundwater. It has a unique three- dimensional structure to describe environmental, social and economic viability (E-axis), technical feasibility and maturity (F-axis) and degree of confidence in the resource estimates (G-axis). The UNFC is fully aligned to holistic and sustainable resource management called for by the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (2030 Agenda). UNFC can be used by governments for integrated energy planning, companies for developing business models and the investors in decision making. Internationally, all classification systems and their application continue to evolve to incorporate the latest technical understanding and usage and societal, government and regulatory expectations. The PRSG incorporates key elements from current global petroleum classification systems. Furthermore, it provides a forward-thinking approach to including aspects of integrity and ethics. It expands on the unique differentiator of the UNFC to integrate social and environmental issues in the project evaluation. Several case studies have been carried out (in China, Kuwait, Mexico, Russia, and Uganda) using UNFC. Specifically, PRSG assists in identifying critical social and environmental issues to support their resolution and development sustainably. These issues may be unique to the country, location and projects and mapped using a risk matrix. This may support the development of a road map to resolve potential impediments to project sanction. The release of the PRSG comes at a time of global economic volatility on a national and international level due to the ongoing impact and management of COVID-19, petroleum supply and demand uncertainty and competing national and international interests. Sustainable energy is not only required for industries but for all other social development. It is essential for private sector development, productive capacity building and expansion of trade. It has strong linkages to climate action, health, education, water, food security and woman empowerment. Moreover, enduring complex system considerations in balancing the energy trilemma of reliable supply, affordability, equity, and social and environmental responsibility remain. These overarching conditions make it even more essential to ensure projects are evaluated in a competent, ethical and transparent manner. While considering all the risks, it is also critical to reinforce the positive contribution a natural resource utilization project provides to society. Such an inquiry can focus on how the project contributes to the quality of life, environment, and the economy – the people, planet, and prosperity triad. Such an approach allows consistent, robust and sustainable investment decision making and energy policy development.
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Erguvan, Mustafa, and David W. MacPhee. "Analysis of a Multigeneration Energy System for Wastewater Treatment." In ASME 2021 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2021-65516.

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Abstract The United Nations World Water Development Report claims that more than 6 billion people will suffer from clean water shortage by 2050. This is a result of climate change, demand increase for water, increase of water pollution, increasing population, and reduction of water resources [1]. In order to delay / prevent water scarcity, humans must take action using less water or perhaps recovering wastewater. Aerobic digestion is one of the best common methods to treat wastewater; however, this technology requires heavily on the use of electric motors and is estimated to consume 2–3% of US electricity. In this paper, a multigeneration energy system is developed to treat wastewater using a net-zero energy building model. This system consists of four major sub-systems: an aerobic digester, an anaerobic digester, a Brayton cycle, and a Rankine cycle. Using anaerobic digestion to produce bio-fuels, which can then be used on-site to power aeration systems, may offer significant advantages to reduce electricity usage. This study shows that the required energy for a sample aeration case study process can be supplied by a multigeneration system. Parametric analyses are performed to show how system efficiency may be increased as well as to investigate the required oxygen and power for an activated sludge process in a wastewater treatment plant. It is found here that the proposed CHP system can produce 6 times more energy than the required energy for the aeration in the activated sludge process.
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Ibrahim, Meram, Banan Mukhalalati, Majdoleen Al alawneh, and Ahmed Awaisu. "Qatar National Vision 2030." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0226.

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Introduction: The United Nations launched the Sustainable Development Goals in 2015. One of these goals describes achieving a Universal Health Coverage by 2030. This signifies workforce planning in healthcare professions (United Nations, 2015). The International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) published reports about pharmacy workforce planning in several countries. However, data about Qatar was not included in these reports. In 2017, FIP developed a transformational roadmap of pharmaceutical workforce and education. One component of the roadmap is the Pharmaceutical Workforce Development Goals (PWDGs) (International Pharmaceutical Federation, 2016). This research aims to conduct a self-assessment of the pharmaceutical workforce and education in Qatar in relation to the FIP’s PWDGs. This will be followed by prioritization of the identified gaps and recommendation of measures to address them. Methods: Three rounds of conventional Delphi technique (Hasson et al., 2000) are conducted with expert panels in the College of Pharmacy at Qatar University and the Ministry of Public Health, utilizing the FIP’s self-assessment survey. Content analysis is used to analyse and prioritize the identified gaps. Results: The lack of competency framework (PWDG5), workforce data (PWDG12), and workforce policy formation (PWDG13) are the three major gaps in the provision of pharmaceutical workforce and pharmacy education in Qatar, influencing other PWDGs. These gaps need to be addressed by the formation of Qatari Pharmaceutical Association through which academic, practice, and policymaking sectors can work together in developing a health workforce intelligence system. Conclusion: The results indicated that PWDGs are interrelated and a gap in one goal can negatively influence others (Bruno et al., 2018). Results and recommendations of this research will facilitate the implementation of strategic plans across leading pharmacy sectors to meet health needs in Qatar and achieve the third pillar of the Qatar National Vision 2030 “A Healthy Population: Physically and Mentally” (General Secretariat for Development, 2008).
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Armitage, J., R. M. Cornell, and A. Staples. "Remediation of the Site of a Former Active Handling Building in the United Kingdom." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16041.

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In 2000, Nuvia Limited was contracted to carry out the decommissioning of a former Active Handling Building A59 on the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) site at Winfrith in the UK. This is in support of UKAEA’s mission, which is to carry out environmental restoration of its nuclear sites and to put them to alternative uses wherever possible. Recently UKAEA has been reorganised and responsibility for the site lies with Research Sites Restoration Limited (RSRL) with funding provided by the National Decommissioning Authority (NDA). Following major decommissioning operations the main containment building structure and the two suites of concrete shielded caves were demolished between June 2006 and March 2007 leaving just the base slab for final removal and the site remediation operations undertaken. The base slab contained a quantity of encast, internally contaminated items including more than 100 steel mortuary tubes set up to 6.6m deep into the slab. At the outset it was suspected that some leakage of radioactive contamination had occurred into the ground although the precise location/s of the leakage was unknown. As a result the scope of the work required the underlying soil to be carefully monitored for the presence of radioactive contamination and, if detected, its remediation to an end state suitable for unrestricted use without planning or nuclear regulatory controls. These latter operations form the basis of this paper, which reviews some of the significant tasks undertaken during the process and describes the waste monitoring procedures utilised on the concrete and soil debris. Extensive dewatering was required to support the removal of the deeper mortuary tubes and the impact this had upon the operations and associated excavations will be described. Further, the demolition of an external active effluent tank and excavation and monitoring of the surrounding soils due to the presence of significant local contamination will be a key feature of the paper. A number of significant problems that were encountered during the operations will also be identified with a narrative about how these arose and were subsequently overcome. The use of Nuvia’s Groundhog™ system, a gamma radiation ground surveying and global positioning system, together with a well defined sampling grid enabled the footprint of the base slab to be surveyed and subsequently remediated to an agreed standard by the end of 2008 to allow infilling with non-calcareous soil ahead of final landscaping as the last step for completion of the project. One area of particular significance to the remediation process has been the use of office-based contaminated land assessment tools including ReCLAIM, a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet based tool used to assess current and future impacts of radiological contamination at nuclear licensed sites. This tool is particularly recommended to others working on similar projects.
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8

George Saadé, Raafat, Harshjot Nijher, and Mahesh Chandra Sharma. "Why ERP Implementations Fail – A Grounded Research Study." In InSITE 2017: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Vietnam. Informing Science Institute, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3762.

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Aim/Purpose: A grounded research study to understand ERP implementation failure. This study was done in a United Nations agency. Background: An organization mid-size ERP system (AGRESSO) was implemented over a period of 6 years in a United Nations agency, under conditions of political pressures and limited budget. Methodology : Observations and quasi-structured interview method was used to collect the data. Contribution: ERP implementation success is still difficult to frame. This study looks at this problem in terms of the causes of failure. Moreover, ERP research studies are relatively few and dispersed, especially for the UN context – which to our knowledge has not been published. Findings: The major finding is that the political nature of the UN fosters a hierarchical culture that is detrimental for Information Systems implementation in general, excluding the end-user from the functional requirements engineering process. There seems to be a lack of vision and strategic direction for ERP implementation in the UN. The context of the UN makes the strategic direction the more difficult of formulate and implement. Recommendations for Practitioners: For the UN, a cultural paradigm shift is necessary whereby the end-user must be included in any information systems development and implementation initiative. End-user development (although not a new approach) needs to be adopted for the UN. Recommendation for Researchers: Information systems development and deployment studies for the UN should take front stage as it represents an underlying stream of high complexity on all research in the field. Understanding ERP implementation in the UN has the potential to enhance its success in all other industries. Impact on Society: Any progress of the UN impacts positively the whole world since 193 countries are members of the UN. As such, ERP implementation is primarily about increasing operational efficiencies, it and promises transparency with regards to the member states financial contributions. Future Research: More ERP implementation studies on the different types of UN organizations. Also studies that address appropriate ERP systems for the various types of UN organization do not exist. The UN provides many research opportunities as it is hardly being studied.
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Nadimi, Vahid, Ali Azadeh, Peiman Pazhoheshfar, and Morteza Saberi. "An Adaptive-Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System for Long-Term Electric Consumption Forecasting (2008-2015): A Case Study of the Group of Seven (G7) Industrialized Nations: U.S.A., Canada, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, France and Italy." In 2010 European Modelling Symposium (EMS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ems.2010.56.

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Yang, Yinfei, Gustavo Hernandez Abrego, Steve Yuan, et al. "Improving Multilingual Sentence Embedding using Bi-directional Dual Encoder with Additive Margin Softmax." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/746.

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In this paper, we present an approach to learn multilingual sentence embeddings using a bi-directional dual-encoder with additive margin softmax. The embeddings are able to achieve state-of-the-art results on the United Nations (UN) parallel corpus retrieval task. In all the languages tested, the system achieves P@1 of 86% or higher. We use pairs retrieved by our approach to train NMT models that achieve similar performance to models trained on gold pairs. We explore simple document-level embeddings constructed by averaging our sentence embeddings. On the UN document-level retrieval task, document embeddings achieve around 97% on P@1 for all experimented language pairs. Lastly, we evaluate the proposed model on the BUCC mining task. The learned embeddings with raw cosine similarity scores achieve competitive results compared to current state-of-the-art models, and with a second-stage scorer we achieve a new state-of-the-art level on this task.
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Reports on the topic "United Nations System in the Gambia"

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Politov, Georgi D. United Nations Peacekeeping: Reliance on Centralized or Regional System. Defense Technical Information Center, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada417630.

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Flagg, Melissa, Autumn Toney, and Paul Harris. Reseach Security, Collaboration, and the Changing Map of Global R&D. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20210004.

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The global map of research has shifted dramatically over the last 20 years. Annual global investment in research and development has tripled, and the United States’ share of both global R&amp;D funding and total research output is diminishing. The open research system, with its expanding rates of investment and interconnectedness, has delivered tremendous benefits to many nations but also created new challenges for research integrity and security.
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Hayes, Anne M. Assessment as a Service Not a Place: Transitioning Assessment Centers to School-Based Identification Systems. RTI Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.op.0064.2004.

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The World Health Organization and World Bank (2011) estimate that there are more than 1 billion people with disabilities in the world. To address this population’s diverse needs, the United Nations drafted their Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) in 2006. Article 24 (Education) of the CRPD requires ratifying countries to develop an inclusive education system to address the educational needs of students with disabilities alongside their peers without disabilities. Despite substantive improvements and movement toward inclusive education, many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) continue to struggle with accurately identifying and supporting students with disabilities, including knowing how to effectively screen, evaluate, and qualify students for additional services (Hayes, Dombrowski, Shefcyk, &amp; Bulat, 2018a). These challenges stem from the lack of policies, practices, and qualified staff related to screening and identification. As a result, many students with less-apparent disabilities—such as children with learning disabilities—remain unidentified and do not receive the academic supports they need to succeed in school (Friend &amp; Bursuck, 2012). This guide attempts to address the lack of appropriate, useful disability screening and identification systems and services as countries look to educate all students in inclusive settings. Specifically, this guide introduces viable options for screening and identification related to vision, hearing, and learning disabilities in inclusive classrooms in LMICs. It also provides guidance on how LMICs can transition from an assessment-center model toward a school-based identification model that better serves an inclusive education system.
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