Dissertations / Theses: 'United orders'

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Fischer, Michael E. "Mission-type orders in joint air operations the empowerment of air leadership /." Maxwell Air Force Base, Ala. : Air University Press, 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/33021775.html.

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Steele, Galen. "Strategic Factors Influencing the Issuance and Duration of Executive Orders." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9027/.

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Executive orders are a significant source of presidential power although scholars disagree on the nature of that power. It has been argued that executive orders are an indication of a president's failure to persuade others to act as he desires; others contend that executive orders offer "power without persuasion." This dissertation introduces the conditional model of executive order issuance and duration in order to offer a synthesis to these competing views, and to offer a better understanding of the opportunities and constraints faced by the president when choosing to act unilaterally through executive orders. The conditional theory holds that both the issuance and duration of executive orders is a function of the president's ideological proximity to Congress and the Supreme Court, and the availability of fresh policy space.

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Stanford, Ben. "Counter-terrorist hybrid orders and the right to a fair trial : the perpetual quasi-emergency." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/622544.

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This thesis examines a number of closely connected counter-terrorist executive mechanisms in the United Kingdom (UK) and the manner in which they are administered, in order to evaluate the implications of the mechanisms for, and ultimately their compatibility with, the right to a fair trial under international human rights law (IHRL). More specifically, this study critically analyses Control Orders, Terrorism Prevention and Investigation Measures (TPIMs), and Temporary Exclusion Orders (TEOs). For reasons made clear in this thesis, these mechanisms are termed ‘counter-terrorist hybrid orders’ and are collectively analysed as such. As the study identifies a number of issues pertaining to the current design and administration of these mechanisms that can adversely affect the right to a fair trial, the thesis argues that they should be substantially reformed to make them more consistent with IHRL fair trial standards. Moreover, the thesis examines how these mechanisms, as they are currently designed and administered, have been accepted in a legal system with a recognised and long-established attachment to upholding high human rights standards. Having identified, generated and analysed a substantial body of research to perform this task, the thesis argues that the acceptance of the mechanisms as they are currently administered may have occurred as a result of the establishment of a state of ‘perpetual quasi-emergency’. This denotes a particular legal phenomenon in which the UK has responded to an evolving legal problem, namely, how to deal with terror suspects who cannot be prosecuted, deported, or indefinitely detained, in a manner that, whilst being grounded in law, actually resembles the behaviour of States enduring ‘prolonged emergencies’. The thesis asserts that the state of perpetual quasi-emergency, which creates the space necessary for the acceptance of these mechanisms, was established and is preserved by a number of legal and extra-legal factors. As such, some of the research, analysis and methods used to evaluate the phenomena in this study represents an original contribution to knowledge. This study encompasses a variety of approaches in order to examine a particular type of counter-terrorist power, the implications of these mechanisms for the right to a fair trial under IHRL, and the relationships between these issues and wider society. The study requires traditional doctrinal analysis when exploring what the right to a fair trial in the context of national security entails, and in order to examine the various counter-terrorist hybrid order regimes in light of this framework. When assessing what factors may play a role in the establishment and preservation of the state of perpetual quasi-emergency, the study necessitates methods which are less doctrinal and more socio-legal in nature.

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Littlepage, Kelley. "Crafting International Legal Orders: Horizontal Legal Integration and the Borrowing of Foreign Law in British Courts." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18741.

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My dissertation project seeks to understand when and how do national judges play an active and significant role in how international legal orders do or do not affect their polities. Specifically, I look at when and how British judges play a role in how European Union law through the European Court of Justice and European human rights law through the European Court of Human Rights affect the British polity. These international legal orders contain both vertical and horizontal aspects. Vertical aspects include the highest court and its judges defined by the treaty, which operates as the international, hierarchical authority on the treaty and is tasked with ensuring the compliance of the member states of the treaty. Horizontal aspects include member state courts and judges who interact with other member state courts and judges as equals voluntarily to share an understanding of the law. Britain is interesting because it may seem like a counterintuitive place to find such dynamics. Britain has a strong resistance to international authority, a deeply entrenched idea of Parliamentary Supremacy, and a dualist legal tradition where Parliament translates international law into domestic law prior to its use by the courts, which contributes to a lack of expectation of British judges engaging in international judicial activism, making Britain a hard case. In this context, we should expect that international law only matters to the extent that domestic actors are forced to incorporate it by a strong international legal order with vertical supremacy and unambiguous authority. To the contrary, my dissertation shows that British judges are quite active in many international legal orders in ways that do not merely reflect the degree of established vertical legal authority. Through dynamics that are quite autonomous from British politicians' difficult interactions with international authority, British judges play a very active role in managing and integrating international law into British politics. To see these dynamics and understand how international law has affected British politics, we must pay special attention to horizontal legal integration. Horizontal legal integration occurs when judges intentionally and selectively borrow legal concepts and precedents from other national or international jurisdictions.

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Hylton, Joseph G. "The Growth of Executive Power and the Modern Presidency: Nixon to Clinton." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1444.

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This thesis tracks the direction of the development of unilateral executive power from Nixon to Clinton. The thirty-two-year process saw a mostly continuous growth of the power of the president to act unilaterally through a variety of mechanisms seizing the ability to act first from the other branches of government and the bureaucracy. The ability to enhance presidential power depends on many factors such as one time shocks (such as Watergate) and congressional support. The minority presidency of Richard Nixon responded to democratic control of Congress by aggressive assertions of presidential power via unilateral decrees. In fights such as impoundment, wage and price controls, and affirmative action plans, Nixon attempted to increase the power of the presidency while also laying groundwork for future regulatory reforms. Nixon’s resignation and Watergate crated stiff headwinds for the development of the unilateral powers of the presidency with Congress passed meaningful attempts to claw back presidential powers that had accumulated over time. Nevertheless, the Ford and Carter presidencies still saw the groundwork laid for the next major expansion of presidential authority. Under Reagan and George Herbert Walker Bush, the “Reagan Revolution” saw the Presidency gain new powers to aggressively combat the growing state. The assault on government saw the creation of modern signing statements, and harsh anti-regulatory actions. Clinton’s presidency saw a continued evolution of executive power albeit shaped by the significantly different ends trying to be achieved than under the two previous Republican presidents while also seeing new innovations in the mix of powers.

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Sullivan, Rebecca. "Revolution in the convent : women religious and American popular culture, 1950-1971." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0020/NQ55383.pdf.

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Pennycott, Thomas William. "Diseases of wild birds of the orders Passeriformes and Columbiformes : a review of conditions reported from the United Kingdom and an analysis of results from wild bird disease surveillance in Scotland, 1994-2013." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23001.

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There is growing concern about the impact of human activities on wildlife, both at the level of the individual animal and at a global population level, and the need for surveillance of wildlife for evidence of infectious and non-infectious diseases has never been greater. There is also much interest in attempting to help wildlife by treating and rehabilitating sick and injured wild animals and by providing supplementary feeding to garden birds. This thesis reviews the literature describing the diseases found in the United Kingdom (UK) in different birds of the orders Passeriformes and Columbiformes, the orders of birds with which members of the general public and wildlife rehabilitators are most likely to have contact. The thesis then collates and analyses the postmortem findings from wild bird surveillance carried out on 2048 birds of these orders at one diagnostic laboratory in Scotland over a twenty-year period (1994- 2013). The overall aim was to make maximum use of surveillance data already gathered but not previously readily available, to inform those involved with wildlife disease surveillance, wildlife rehabilitation, and members of the public providing supplementary feeding to garden birds. During the 20 years of wild bird disease surveillance, 42 endemic conditions or pathogens were identified, raising awareness and increasing our understanding of these conditions. One re-emerging disease, salmonellosis, came to prominence and then declined during the surveillance period, and was confirmed in approximately 350 garden birds. Two new conditions were described in finches; Escherichia albertii bacteraemia in approximately 150 finches and Trichomonas gallinae infection in approximately 370 finches. The large numbers of birds with salmonellosis, E. albertii bacteraemia or trichomonosis permitted further analysis by species of bird, geographic region, and distribution by age and sex, permitting conclusions to be drawn regarding the epidemiology of these diseases. Two new conditions were diagnosed in choughs (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax), a species of conservation concern in the UK; a developmental abnormality of the eye and sometimes brain of young choughs, most likely inherited, and significant helminthosis caused by spirurid gizzard worms and intestinal thorny-headed worms. These findings will influence future attempts to conserve this species in Scotland. Another new condition encountered was enteritis and/or hepatitis associated with schistosome-like eggs, diagnosed in blackbirds (Turdus merula) and a dunnock (Prunella modularis). More specific identification of the causal organism and evaluation of potential zoonotic implications are required. Two conditions were investigated for which no satisfactory aetiological agent could be identified; a nonsuppurative encephalitis affecting multiple fledgling starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) and house sparrows (Passer domesticus), and a necrotic oesophagitis of unknown cause detected in five chough nestlings. Three organisms identified in wild birds elsewhere in the world and found for the first time in the UK as part of this surveillance study were the avian gastric yeast Macrorhabdus ornithogaster (“megabacteria”) in greenfinches (Chloris chloris) and a waxwing (Bombycilla garrulus), Mycoplasma sturni in blackbirds, starlings and corvids, and Ornithonyssus sp. mites in corvids. Screening for two zoonotic pathogens exotic to UK wildlife, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) and West Nile virus (WNV) was carried out on over 600 samples and over 500 samples respectively, but no positive results were obtained. Investigation of novel and re-emerging conditions and screening for exotic pathogens relied heavily on work carried out by other laboratories, underlining the importance of collaboration between multiple laboratories when carrying out disease surveillance. To aid those working in wild bird disease surveillance, diagnosis and treatment, a collection of approximately 700 images of lesions, parasites and their eggs or oocysts is included as an appendix to this thesis, as has a guide to the presumptive identification of some of the internal parasites encountered. This study has demonstrated the ever-changing nature of diseases of wild birds of the orders Passeriformes and Columbiformes, and the same is likely to be true of wild birds in other orders. Continued wild bird disease surveillance is essential, to help safeguard the health of wildlife, livestock, humans, and indeed the environment itself.

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Ayala, Castiblanco Lizeth Vanessa, and Bullón Javier Ernesto Ramírez. "Systemic forces in the construction of South American regional order: The role of United States hegemony." Politai, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/92536.

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The creation of the Union of South American Nations (Unasur) in 2008 seemed to encourage the formation of an alternative regional order to the inter-American system led by the United States. This project emerged in a context characterized by the failure of the FTAA, Brazil's international projection and the strength of South American countries to face the global economic crisis. Such conditions led to the diffusion of post-hegemonic readings to understand the regionalization of South America. Nowadays, however, the quest for regional autonomy is limited both by domestic and regional factors and by systemic forces involved in shaping new regional orders.As part of its nearest influence zone, United States has vital interests in South America that may collide with projects of regional autonomy. Given this context, it is necessary to review how the US hegemony has evolved in the region and how it interrelates with the construction of a South American order. For this purpose, this research will analyze the changes occurred during the presence of the United States in the region at economic, military, political and ideological level. Using a historical perspective, the study finds partial hegemonic declining tendencies that allow a greater agency capacity for the formation of a South American order. However, recent data shows that US economic and military primacy continues to be projected through its major regional partners, questioning the hypothesis of a significant decline in its hegemony.
La creación de la Unión de Naciones Suramericanas (Unasur), en el año 2008, parecía alentar la formación de un orden regional alternativo al sistema interamericano liderado por Estados Unidos. Este proyecto surgía en un contexto caracterizado por el fracaso del ALCA, la ambiciosa proyección internacional de Brasil y la fortaleza de los países sudamericanos frente a la crisis económica mundial. Tales condiciones propiciaron la difusión de lecturas post-hegemónicas para entender la regionalización de Sudamérica. Sin embargo, en la actualidad, la búsqueda de autonomía regional es limitada tanto por factores domésticos y regionales, como por fuerzas sistémicas que intervienen en la configuración de nuevos órdenes regionales.Como parte de su zona de influencia más próxima, Estados Unidos tiene intereses puntuales en Sudamérica que pueden colisionar con los proyectos de autonomía regional. Ante este panorama, es necesario examinar cómo ha evolucionado la hegemonía estadounidense en la región y de qué modo se interrelaciona con la construcción de un orden sudamericano. Para este propósito, se analizan los cambios del poder estadounidense en Sudamérica a nivel económico, militar, político e ideológico. Usando una perspectiva histórica, el estudio encuentra tendencias de retroceso hegemónico parciales que posibilitan una mayor capacidad de agencia para la formación de un ordensudamericano. No obstante, los datos más recientes muestran que la primacía económica y militar de Estados Unidos continúa proyectándose a través de sus principales socios regionales, lo cual cuestiona la hipótesis de un declive irreversible de su hegemonía.

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Smith, G. Davidson. "The liberal democratic response to terrorism : a comparative study of the policies of Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1986. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU366344.

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The dissertation is a comparative study of the government counter terrorism policies of the liberal democratic nations of Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom. It includes reference to the threat of terrorism as a modem phenomenon beginning in the period of the 1960s decade. While discussion centres on policies of response, attention is also given to policy measures which have developed as an outcome of those policies. The dissertation is comprised of five chapters. Chapter one is devoted to terrorism as a threat to national and international security and stability. The context describes problems associated with definition of terrorism, motivational aspects, the aims and strategies of terrorists, group infrastructure, and factors and implications of current and future importance. Chapter two is concerned with an examination of general policies of response adopted by the three subject nations. Discussion relates to characteristics of policy, the philosophy of the use of force, policy development, fundamental policies, and the translation of those policies into direct (active) and indirect (passive) measures. Chapter three provides a description of the decision-making and crisis-management machinery peculiar to Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom in regard to counter terrorism activity. Chapter four reviews a range of resources and capabilities available to those nations for response to the threat of terrorism. Specifically included are factors of policy, experience, infrastructure, law enforcement agencies, the armed forces, legislation, and the role of the media. Chapter five summarizes general comments on strengths and weaknesses of the policies and policy measures presented in the preceding chapters. Many of the salient points are contained in the observations put forward in chapter five, but some judgements must necessarily be left to a reading of individual chapters. In conjunction, chapter two includes a brief commentary on the Cycle of Activity involving the threat of terrorism and the mechanics of governmental reaction to that threat. Acting upon the Cycle is a spectrum of other factors,' termed the Envelope of Influences, which has. a significant effect upon all the components. The Envelope is a combination of such influences as environment, history, culture, precedent, ideas, pressure groups, et al, which must be taken into consideration when assessing policy and policy measures. Judgements of policy and policy measures (taking into account the Envelope) were based upon four principal aspects of governmental performance; 1. Perceptiveness; 2. Capacity to Adapt to New Challenges; 3- Practicality; and, 4* Adherence to Legal, Democratic, and Moral Principles. The context of chapter five, as well as that of chapters two, three, and four, reflects that approach.

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Luddington, Peter. "Why the good war was good Franklin D. Roosevelt's new world order /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1580016701&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Dorn, Glenn J. "The United States, Argentina, and the inter-American order, 1946-1950 /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487944660930799.

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Wren, John Thomas. "Republican jurisprudence: Virginia law and the new order, 1776-1830." W&M ScholarWorks, 1988. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623779.

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The purpose of this study is to utilize the insights provided by the decisions of the Virginia Court of Appeals during the years 1776-1830 to gain a fuller understanding of the concept of "republicanism" through an analysis of its application in courts of law.;It is clear that in the years after the Revolution, the Virginia Court of Appeals made a striking statement about the nature of that Revolution in Virginia. It defined a new constitutional order by elevating the Virginia constitution to the plane of higher law, and by articulating and implementing the doctrine of popular sovereignty. The court made workable such previously theoretical constructs as the separation of powers, and adapted the English legal heritage to republican dictates and the demands of a new society. It was also instrumental in applying new republican conceptions to specific areas of the law. In so doing, the court displayed a clear deference to the policy initiatives of the legislative branch.;While applying republican principles, the Virginia court added a decidedly conservative gloss, favoring stable rules of law and the protection of existing property rights at every opportunity, in the process supporting the existing political order. at the same time, the Virginia Court of Appeals was in the forefront of a localistic response to the challenges posed by the establishment of a new federal government.;Taken together, these conclusions suggest that Virginia retained in large part a conservative, localistic strain of republicanism well into the nineteenth century, while its judiciary remained essentially incrementalist in its policy-making approach.

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Lower, Chad D. "The political ideology of Connecticut's Standing Order." Thesis, Kent State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3618870.

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Many historians of religion and politics in the early republic period fail to fully examine the importance of the debate between the Connecticut's Standing Order and religious dissenters concerning the necessity of a religious establishment in America. Relying on sermons, newspaper accounts, this project examines the ideology and justification of Connecticut's Standing Order in defending religious establishment, as well as the ideological reasons Republicans and religious dissenters offered in opposing it. Exploring the value of the church establishment from the perspective of both the supporters of the Standing Order and those who sided with the Jeffersonians offers important insight into how issues of religion shaped the political and social battles in the early republic.

This work focuses upon the political ideology of Connecticut's established clergy and Federalist allies in relation to the defense of the church establishment. In particular, the motives for those who defended the established church were based not upon selfish ambition, but rather upon well-constructed ideas about how best to maintain the prosperity of the American republic. In Connecticut, the adherents of the Standing Order valued holding the Congregational Church as the established church for the state because traditional social structures and social systems such as churches seemingly benefitted the continued success of the community.

This project demonstrates that the convictions on both sides of the debate were grounded upon ideas, not ambitions. For the Standing Order, the state church was a fundamental component of stability and prosperity in Connecticut. The established clergy of Standing Order, as well as their dissenter counterparts, believed that the outcome of the ecclesiastical issue was crucial for determining the future prosperity of the republic. Their vision for the nation may have lost out to that of the Jeffersonians and religious dissenters, but it was nonetheless a vision that ultimately had meaningful consequences for the development of the nation and the role of Christianity in shaping the political and social spheres.

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Kidd, Sarah A. "The search for moral order : the Panic of 1819 and the culture of the early American republic /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3052186.

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Byrnes, Christopher R. "China's rise and satisfaction with the modern global order." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Jun/09Jun%5FByrnes.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Far East, Southeast Asia, and The Pacific))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2009.
Thesis Advisor(s): Twomey, Christopher P. ; Miller, Alice L. "June 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 10, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: International order, United States, China, satisfaction, hierarchy, international norms, economic integration, military modernization, territorial disputes, ideology. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-107). Also available in print.

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Suryodipuro, Sidharto R. "Implications of Sino-American strategic competition on Southeast Asia's post-Cold War regional order." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Dec%5FSuryodipuro.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2003.
Thesis advisor(s): H. Lyman Miller, Edward A. Olsen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-105). Also available online.

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Edwards, Brian A. "A study of the self-destruction of civilization what happens to society when it departs from the order of wisdom /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1993. http://www.tren.com.

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Parkhouse, Owen J. W. "Naval diplomacy and the United Nations, naval peacekeeping in a new world order." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ24889.pdf.

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Oliver, Willard M. "The law & order presidency." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1699.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2000.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 472 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 435-472).

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Creech, Nicole M. "The Ancient Order of Hibernians and Ladies Ancient Order of Hibernians in Ohio: A Comparative Analysis." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1115246819.

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Walcher, Dustin A. "Missionaries of Modernization: The United States, Argentina, and the Liberal International Order, 1958-1963." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1186165105.

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Harvey, Katherine. "The demise of the blue berets? : United Nations peacekeeping and the new world order /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arh341.pdf.

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Evans, Christopher. "Episode hydrochemistry of low-order streams in three regions of the northeast United States." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320832.

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Namaganda, Angela. "United States after the Cold War : And its Foreign Policy of the New World Order." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-34925.

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Ward, Monica Suzette 1963. "The effects of a computer-based higher order thinking skills curriculum on inferential comprehension." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276692.

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Recent literature in cognitive psychology depicts mental constructs through which processes and strategies are employed by the learner to facilitate learning. A remedial curriculum structured to enhance the development of the general constructs theorized, was evaluated for its effect on a cognitive component of reading. Inferential comprehension strategies of 4th-6th grade students in the experimental computer-based higher order thinking skills program and in a traditional program of drill and practice in reading skills were assessed using the strategy stories of Goodman and Burke (1980). A MANOVA design revealed a difference between the two treatment groups (p >.001) on eleven dependent measures. Univariate results indicate that the experimental students performed better on five out of the eleven individual measures. Qualitative analysis on the contextual cues utilized in forming hypotheses did not reveal great differences in the amount of contextual cues used by the two groups.

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Irwin, Ryan M. "The Gordian Knot: Apartheid and the Unmaking of the Liberal World Order, 1960-1970." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1272297260.

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Holliday, Cyrus E. "Threat assessment in the new world order." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30294.

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OLIVEIRA, JULIANO DINIZ DE. "ORDER, INSTITUTIONS AND GOVERNANCE: AN ANALYSIS ON THE DISCOURSE OF DEVELOPMENT IN THE UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF INTERNATIONAL ORDER." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=16658@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
A discussão acerca da construção da ordem internacional e da relevância das instituições internacionais é seminal na disciplina de Relações Internacionais. Este trabalho pretende se inserir na discussão sobre a problemática da ordem a partir da relação entre a ideia de Governança Global e o discurso do desenvolvimento. Partiremos do pressuposto teórico que ideias e discursos presentes na política mundial são fundamentais para criar um consenso intersubjetivo e uniformizar os atores do sistema, colocando-os em entendimento sobre as premissas de condução dos assuntos globais. Nesse sentido, o objetivo principal do seguinte trabalho é analisar o discurso do desenvolvimento no sistema das Nações Unidas e sua articulação com a construção de um consenso intersubjetivo acerca do que seria a ordem internacional.
The discussion about the construction of international order and the relevance of international institutions are central in International Relations discipline. This paper pretends to engage in the discussion about the problematic of order by the relation between the idea of global governance and development discourse. Theoretically, we assume that ideas and discourses in world politics are crucial for the creation of an intersubjective consensus and unify actors in the system, arranging them in accordance about the way of understanding and leading global political agenda. In this sense, the main purpose of this paper is to analyze the discourse of development in the United Nations system and its articulation with the construction of an intersubjective consensus of what would be international order.

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O'REILLY, JOSEPH MATTHEW. "LEGAL PRIVACY AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PRIVACY: AN EVALUATION OF COURT ORDERED DESIGN STANDARDS (ENVIRONMENTAL, PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITALS, ARCHITECTURE)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187916.

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The legal system and the social sciences share an interest in privacy but have developed separate conceptualizations of the concept. The result is two similar but conflicting theories of privacy that make different assumptions about how people behave and how that behavior can be controlled. The purpose of this study was to begin testing these theories by examining the operationalization of privacy through mandated standards intended to ensure privacy for the mentally ill. Specifically, the standards set in Wyatt v. Stickney, which reflect the idea that privacy is a sphere of space free from outside intrusion, were examined to see if they did indeed ensure privacy. Using two units in a facility that met the standards mandated by the court in Wyatt v. Stickney, the research examined staff and patient perceptions of privacy. Thirty-five patients were interviewed and twenty-four staff completed questionnaires on the overall habitability of the unit and patient privacy. Results indicated that the Wyatt court's operationalization of privacy as primarily a visual phenomena was inadequate and although the specific standards ordered to ensure privacy were reported to be effective by a simple majority of patients, overall patients reported a lack of privacy. Staff responses were generally in agreement with patients but they tended to use more extreme or stronger ratings. The present study also has implications for the legal conceptualization of privacy. It was found that privacy was perceived as important by patients; that autonomy as evidenced by control was an important issue for a minority of patients; and, the right of selective disclosure was not a major concern of patients. Needed future areas of research that were identified included: comparing privacy ratings across a variety of group living situations, comparing the mentally ill's conceptualizations of privacy from others, determining the effect of privacy on the therapeutic goals of an institution and therapeutic outcome and, determine the relative importance of privacy to the mentally ill.

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Buijs, Lorena Maria Elisa. "September 11 : catalyst for structural-genealogical narrative of a new world (Dis)order." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006463.

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The attacks of September 11, 2001, have changed America forever. In a horrific manner the vulnerability of the highly developed states was demonstrated and exposed in world politics. The event is ushering a new political era where far reaching shifts in international relations are under way. In the post Cold-War international world it appears that the ideological conflict between capitalism and socialism has been replaced by a new world order. One that has retained the binary conflict structure of the Cold War, except that this binary is now presented by political Islam and consumerist's capitalism (Martin, 2000:155). Indeed, in the previous bipolar world order, the acute distinction between capitalism and communism served to attenuate the discord in and between religions. This complex blurring of distinctions has been systematically heightened since the end of the Cold War, as it has allowed Western governments to maintain controlling interests outside of their dominions (Gupta, 2002:6) . This struggle has since been conceived in a variety of different, but related ways: A 'Clash of Civilizations' (Huntington 1996), or as an inescapable dialectic typical of the process of globalization itself (Barber, 1996:245). In the case of Huntington's (1996:19-20) genealogical narrative, he refers to global politics and the way in which the future will be reconfigured according to cultural identities. The division along these cultural lines, will furthermore "shape" the patterns of cohesion, disintegration, and conflict in the Post-Cold War world" (Huntington, 1996:20). Huntington's thesis is rather overriding in explaining the clash between the supposedly 'West' vs. 'Rest', whose interaction is historically determined. Yet, the genealogical narrative is not sufficient in taking into account the dynamics of globalization. Benjamin Barber's structural narrative, on the other hand, goes to great lengths to illustrate the paradoxical relationship between Jihad and McWorld, and how both forces tend to survive in a world that they inevitably create. By' acknowledging the relevance of both binaries (East/West), it is hoped to transcend them by presenting a structural-genealogical grand narrative, which will essentially allow one to understand Jihad as being a structural moment of the genealogical narrative. Given this general strategy, it will become perceptible that Jihad is one form of anti-globalization as the structural narratives become part of the genealogical and the genealogical part of the structural. In essence, then, this thesis is attempting to come to grips with the phenomenon of September 11, from a political-philosophical perspective. More specifically, this study will firstly be looking at two different, but related narratives that have emerged post-September 11, to make sense of the event. Given the structural-genealogical approach, the central concern in this study is consequently to look at two separate but related interests. The one pertains to history and the other to historiography.

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Perry, Molly FitzGerald. ""Hearty Damnations" and "Ordered Resistance": Protest, Profit, and Power in Colonial Charleston, 1769." W&M ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626633.

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Weimer, Gregory K. "Policing Slavery: Order and the Development of Early Nineteenth-Century New Orleans and Salvador." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2192.

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My dissertation explores the development of policing and slavery in two early nineteenth-century Atlantic cities. This project engages regionally distinct histories through an examination of legislative and police records in New Orleans, Louisiana, and Salvador, Bahia. Through these sources, my dissertation holds that the development of the theories and practices that guided “public order” emerged in similar ways in these Atlantic slaveholding cities. Enslaved people and their actions played an integral role in the evolution of “good order” and its policing. Legislators created laws and institutions to police enslaved people and promote order. In these instances, local government policed slavery through the surveilling and arresting of enslaved people. By mid-century, the prerogative of policing slavery created a comprehensive bureaucratic structure that policed many individuals within the community, not just slaves. In New Orleans and Salvador, slavery was an important part of policing, but not just in the sense we sometimes assume: as a panicked reaction to real or imagined slave rebellions. As the commercial and demographic development of cities created opportunities for enslaved people, local legislation and institutions formed an important part of policing slavery in New Orleans and Salvador. Local government officials—regional and municipal legislators—responded by passing laws that restricted not only where and how enslaved people worked and lived, but also the police that enforced these laws. Police forces, once created, interpreted and applied the laws passed by legislators. They surveilled and arrested individuals, and their actions sometimes triggered further legislative reforms. Thusly, police forces became representations of public well-being, particularly in relation to slavery. By mid-century, new conceptions of public order made the police an accepted part of urban slavery and urban life more generally in New Orleans and Salvador. At the same time, the police surveilled and arrested free people, not just enslaved people, in the name of promoting orderly slavery.

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Bektas, Mehmet. "Reforming the United Nations Security Council : making it more democratic in the post-Westphalian legal order." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/12102.

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The Security Council has sometimes failed to perform its main duty, which is the maintenance of international peace and security. The Council’s responsibilities in this regard have grown as new international challenges have emerged. These challenges include global environmental issues, refugee flows and mass migration across borders, the rapid spread of infectious diseases, civil war that threatens international peace and security, global terrorism, transnational crime and illegal stocks of nuclear, biological and chemical weapons. The Security Council has thus become the subject of both severe criticism and calls for its structural reform. A variety of reform proposals have been offered by scholars and politicians, almost all of which have focused solely on state-based solutions. The current study considers that reforming the Council through such means would not alter its current state to any significant extent. International law no longer reflects the state-based system of the Westphalian World Order. The international legal order does not involve only nationstates, and state-based systems are not able autonomously to deal with problems such as these in the post-Westphalian era. It is widely acknowledged that there are many non-state actors that could contribute to enhancing the Council’s representativeness, effectiveness and accountability. It is thus concluded that a reform proposal for the Security Council must consider these factors and produce a non-state based solution. It is proposed that the Council must consider granting formal access to Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) that have, as non-state actors, been active in the international legal order, and that have already made significant contributions to the above-mentioned issues.

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Elshelmani, Saad A. "The new world order and its impact on the Arab Israeli peace process (1991-1999)." Thesis, Durham University, 2000. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4323/.

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This thesis examines the impact of the New World Order on the Arab-Israeli peace process. It argues that, since the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, the old bipolar World Order has disappeared and a new unipolar one has emerged. The United States of America, as the only remaining single superpower, has enjoyed a great degree of influence and a kind of hegemony in international affairs. Its military superiority and economic, technological and diplomatic strength, in the absence of any competing power, have given it the upper hand to pursue its own policies and its own interests. This American unipolarity and hegemony are clearly demonstrated in the Middle East peace process. The United States' unipolarity on the international level and its hegemony on the regional level have allowed it to pursue policies to resolve the Arab- Israeli conflict. Regional states, released from the constraints or protection of the patron- client relationships fostered under the bi-polar Old World Order, have adjusted their own policies to take into account this New World Order. A neo-realist understanding of this has been developed which assesses this process in terms of international and regional balance of power and "rules of the game”. This method had been used to understand the reasons for and nature of the Arab- Israeli peace negotiations that started at Madrid in 1991 and developed in Oslo in 1993. The thesis argues that these negotiations were in fact a single process which was the direct result of this American-led New World Order. Whether through direct or indirect American involvement or through the indirect or direct acknowledgement by regional actors of the nature of the New World Order, American interests and preferences have been strongly reflected in the peace process.

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Duong, Thanh. "Hegemonic globalisation : an analysis of U.S. centrality and global strategy in the emerging world order." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341766.

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Moreira, Júnior Hermes [UNESP]. "O governo de George W. Bush e sua guerra contra o terror: nova orientação tática à estratégia norte-americana." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98121.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-03-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:59:28Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 moreirajunior_h_me_mar.pdf: 691747 bytes, checksum: 20d9d8b1288eba2b3854524f2c68a130 (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Principal economia mundial, líder político das principais instituições multilaterais e superpotência militar de alcance global, os Estados Unidos neste início de século XXI reúne todas as características para ser considerado o principal ator do sistema internacional. Nesse sentido, a compreensão das relações internacionais contemporâneas depende de uma compreensão das principais ações dos Estados Unidos no cenário internacional. Desde os anos do pós II Guerra, a política externa norte-americana adotou uma estratégia de construir a ordem internacional a partir da projeção de seus interesses nacionais. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi identificar se a estratégia de segurança nacional do governo George W. Bush, focada na guerra contra o terrorismo, representa uma continuidade no projeto hegemônico norte-americano de construção da ordem internacional, ou se representa uma ruptura do mesmo, por desarticular o consenso da comunidade internacional existente em torno do projeto iniciado na segunda metade do século XX. A partir da revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema, da análise dos documentos dos neoconservadores e formuladores da estratégia de segurança do governo W. Bush, e do estudo de sua estratégia de segurança nacional, conhecida como Doutrina Bush, percebe-se que, por meios distintos, a política externa neoconservadora dos republicanos possui o mesmo objetivo da Grande Estratégia dos Estados Unidos prevalecente ao longo do século XX: o de modelar a ordem internacional de acordo com os interesses norte-americanos e assim consolidar sua primazia no cenário internacional
Greatest global economy, political leader of multilateral institutions and global military superpower, during the XXI century America has had all the characteristics to be considered the main actor of international system. Therefore, the understanding of contemporary international relations depends on understanding US world actions. Since Post War II, American foreign policy has developed a strategy to shape world order through America’s national interest. This research aims to investigate if the national security strategy of W. Bush’s administration, focused on war on terror, represents a continuity or a break in the American hegemonic project. The Bibliography revision, as well as the analysis of neoconservative documents for foreign policy and national defense, added by a study of the national security strategy, shows that Bush Doctrine has the same objectives of US Grand Strategy: to shape world order and support American primacy

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DiMarco, Louis A. "Restoring order: the US Army experience with occupation operations, 1865–1952." Diss., Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/6984.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of History
Mark P. Parillo
This dissertation examines the influence of the US Army experience in military government and occupation missions on occupations conducted during and immediately after World War II. The study concludes that army occupation experiences between the end of the Civil War and World War II positively influenced the occupations that occurred during and after World War II. The study specifically examines occupation and government operations in the post-Civil War American South, Cuba, the Philippines, Mexico, post-World War I Germany, and the major occupations associated with World War II in Italy, Germany, and Japan. Though historians have examined individual occupations, none has studied the entirety of the American army‘s experience with these operations. This dissertation finds that significant elements of continuity exist between the occupations, so much so that by the World War II period it discerns a unique American way of conducting occupation operations. Army doctrine was one of the major facilitators of continuity. An additional and perhaps more important factor affecting the continuity between occupations was the army‘s institutional culture, which accepted occupation missions as both important and necessary. An institutional understanding of occupation operations developed over time as the army repeatedly performed the mission or similar nontraditional military tasks. Institutional culture ensured an understanding of the occupation mission passed informally from generation to generation of army officers through a complex network of formal and informal, professional and personal relationships. That network of relationships was so complete that the World War II generation of leaders including Generals Marshall, Eisenhower, Clay and MacArthur, and Secretary of War Stimson, all had direct personal ties to individuals who served in key positions in previous occupations in the Philippines, Cuba, Mexico, or the Rhineland. Doctrine and the cultural understanding of the occupation mission influenced the army to devote major resources and command attention to occupation operations during and after World War II. Robust resourcing and the focus of leaders were key to overcoming the inevitable shortfalls in policy and planning that occurred during the war. These efforts contributed significantly to the success of the military occupations of Japan and Germany after World War II.

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Soler, Torrijos Giancarlo. "Democracy in the shadow of the United States : regime transitions and regional order in the Latin Caribbean." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395317.

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Rosenboim, Or. "The emergence of globalism : competing visions of world order in Britain and the United States, 1939-1950." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708260.

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Vermilion, Christopher. "Analysis of the constitutionality of the Bush administration's Military Order on the Detention, Treatment, and Trial of Certain Non-citizens in the War against Terrorism." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/471.

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41

Schimmel, Noam. "Presidential rhetoric justifying healthcare reform : continuity, change & the contested American moral order and social imaginary from Truman to Obama." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/779/.

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The original contribution to knowledge of my thesis is a comparative historical analysis of the rhetoric used by four Democratic presidents to expand access to and affordability of healthcare. Specifically, the thesis situates Democratic presidential healthcare reform rhetoric in relation to opposing conservative Republican ideologies of limited government and prioritization of negative liberty and their increasing prominence in the post-Reagan era. It examines how the American moral order and social imaginary has evolved and how Democratic presidential healthcare reform rhetoric was both informed by and responded to it. I employ Aristotle’s tripartite categories of ethos, pathos and logos to undertake rhetorical analysis. I illuminate how each president sought to persuade audiences, what rhetorical strategies they used and how they justified their healthcare reform efforts. I pay particular attention to the compromises entailed by the usage of specific strategies and their rhetorical effects. The thesis illustrates how Presidents Harry Truman and Lyndon Baines Johnson contextualized healthcare reform within their broader efforts to secure positive liberty and social and economic rights in the Fair Deal and Great Society, respectively. This is in contrast to Presidents Bill Clinton and Barack Obama who did not advance a comprehensive vision of government guaranteed positive liberty and citizen welfare. Rather, they made arguments for healthcare reform based on pragmatism and economic efficiency and appropriated tropes of conservative rhetoric such as efficiency to critique market failure. They showed deference to the conservative principle of maximizing the role of the private sector in healthcare provision. There is a marked contrast between Truman and Johnson’s explicit expressions of care for economically disadvantaged and working class Americans and Clinton and Obama’s rhetorical elision of these populations, and their focus on the ‘middle class.’ Despite these substantive differences a major continuity in the rhetoric is an enduring appeal to communitarian solidarity.

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Pate, Tanvi. "The United States and the global nuclear order : narrative identity and the representation of India as the 'other' 1993-2009." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/79947/.

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Post-Cold War US nuclear policies towards India witnessed a major swing as they developed from being a demand for the ‘halt, cap, rollback’ during Bill Clinton administration (1993-2001) to the signing and implementation of the historic ‘civil nuclear deal’ during the George W. Bush administration (2001-2009). This thesis addresses this change in US nuclear foreign policy by focusing on three core categories of identity, inequality and great power narratives. First, building upon the theoretical paradigm of critical constructivism, the thesis problematises the concept of the ‘state’ by focusing on identity-related questions arguing that the ‘state’ becomes a constructed entity standing as valid only within relations of identity and difference. Secondly, focusing on postcolonial principles, it argues that imperialism as an organising principle of identity/difference enables us to understand how difference was maintained in unequal terms through US nuclear foreign policy and that foreign policy is manifested in five great power narratives constructed around: peace and justice; India-Pakistan deterrence; democracy; economic progress; and scientific development. Thirdly, identities of ‘race’, ‘political economy’ and ‘gender’, in terms of radical otherness and otherness were recurrently utilised through these narratives to maintain a difference, which enabled the Bill Clinton and the George W. Bush administrations to maintain ‘US’ identity as a progressive and developed western nation, intrinsically justifying the US role as an arbiter of the global nuclear order. The contribution of the thesis: an interdisciplinary perspective on US state identity as connected to the global nuclear order and implications of nuclear policy towards India; a comparative perspective on great power narratives of the Clinton and the Bush administrations that are historically contingent; and methodological insights into temporal and spatial dimensions of textuality through the discourse analysis of primary material.

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Chang, Gordon C. "The politics of representation and the social order in the War on Terror /." Diss., View abstract only; access to full text of dissertation for UC campuses will be available after December 1, 2010, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3337189.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed January 6, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Embargoed until 12/1/2010. Includes bibliographical references (p. 278-292).

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Orford, Anne Margaret. "Securing the new world order: an analysis of representations of the legality of Security Council actions in the post-Cold War era /." Title page, abstract and contents only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pho668.pdf.

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45

Hulsman, John C. "A paradigm for the new world order : a school of thought analysis of American foreign policy in the post-Cold War era." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15355.

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This thesis applies a schools of thought analysis to American foreign policy in the post-Cold War era. In chapter 1, it discusses what a schools of thought analysis involves and its usefulness as an analytical tool, with particular reference to Franz Schurmann's book, The Logic of World Power, an earlier attempt at an overarching review. In chapters 2-4, it classifies and analyses the specific schools of thought of American foreign policy in the post-Cold War era; the democratists, the neo-realists, and the institutionalists. It illustrates how general schools of thought predilections lead to policy preferences with reference to five issue areas in the post-Cold War era; US-Western European .relations, US-Russian relations, American initiatives in Bosnia, the MFN controversy with China, and the American position on regional and global trade pacts (Nafta and Gatt). It also classifies various opinion-makers in the overall schools of thought analysis by matching their specific policy preferences in the five issue areas to the general schools of thought positions. In chapter 5, it places individual administration and legislative decision-makers into the model, using the same techniques applied to the opinion-makers in chapters 2-4. In chapter 6, it uses schools of thought analysis as a template for analysing the Clinton administration's response to the Bosnian crisis, with particular reference to US-Russian relations and US- European relations. It identifies overall administration stances regarding these three areas by classifying White House initiatives using the schools of thought rubric. In chapter 7, having identified overall American foreign policy initiatives regarding Bosnia, Russia, and Western Europe and having placed individual political actors within the assessment, it is able, through the fusion of bureaucratic analysis and schools of thought analysis, to determine how specific policy inputs advocated by decision-makers partly due to their schools of thought orientation, lead to overall American foreign policy outputs. In chapter 8, it concludes by reassessing schools of thought analysis, both in relation to the Bosnian crisis and in general, and evaluating its worth as an analytical tool. This thesis represents an attempt to relate theory directly to political processes and specific policy-makers. By its use I am trying to both classify and analyse the intellectual and practical nature of the American foreign policy-making process in the post-Cold War era.

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HABERL, CHRISTIANE. "HAVE THE CHICKENS LEARNED HOW TO COME HOME TO ROOST? AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF ANTIDUMPING INITIATIONS AGAINST THE UNITED STATES." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1186451519.

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Shaw, John M. ""In order that justice may be done": The legal struggle of the Turtle Mountain Chippewa, 1795-1905." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290149.

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Throughout the nineteenth century, the prayers, addresses, memorials, legal briefs, testimony and delegations of the Turtle Mountain Chippewa exemplified Edward Said's insight that "nations themselves are narrations." Their legal struggle for land and sovereignty derived from "the power to narrate" their own side of the story. This tribal case study confirms that the Turtle Mountain Chippewa are a powerful people with a compelling history. An adherence to the Native viewpoint is required to re-examine the formulation and implementation of nineteenth century federal Indian policy. This more inclusive approach can help everyone gain a broader perspective on the history of European American/American Indian relations.

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Cohrs, Patrick O. "The unfinished transatlantic peace order after World War I : Britain, the United States and the Franco-German question, 1923-1925." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391010.

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Markley, Michelle J. "Strain and Volume Loss in a Second Order Buckle Fold, Central Appalachian Valley and Ridge, U.S.A." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1415357805.

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Li, Hak Yin. "China, India and Russia : cooperation and construction of the Asia-Pacific order in the 21st century." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2007. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/828.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'United orders'

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