Relevant bibliographies by topics / United States Africa Africa

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'United States Africa Africa'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "United States Africa Africa"

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Martin, Guy. "Dream of Unity: From the United States of Africa to the Federation of African States." African and Asian Studies 12, no. 3 (2013): 169–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341261.

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Abstract The Pan-Africanists leaders’ dream of unity was deferred in favor of the gradualist/functionalist perspective embodied in a weak and loosely-structured Organization of African Unity (OAU) created on 25 May 1963 in Addis Ababa (Ethiopia). This article analyses the reasons for this failure, namely: the reluctance of newly-independent African leaders to abandon their newly-won sovereignty in favor of a broader political unity; suspicion on the part of many African leaders that Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana intended to become the super-president of a united Africa; and divide and rule strategies on the part of major Western powers (including the United States and France) meant to sabotage any attempt at African unity. The African Union which, on 26 May 2001, formally replaced the OAU, is also bound to fail because it is modeled on the European Union. The article then briefly surveys proposals for a re-configuration of the African states and a revision of the political map of Africa put forth by various authors, namely: Cheikh Anta Diop’s Federal African State; Marc-Louis Ropivia’s geopolitics of African regional integration; Makau wa Mutua’s and Arthur Gakwandi’s new political maps of Africa; Joseph Ki-Zerbo’s Federal African State; Daniel Osabu-Kle’s United States of Africa; Godfrey Mwakikagile’s African Federal Government; and Pelle Danabo’s pan-African Federal State. The article concludes with an overview of Mueni wa Muiu’s Fundi wa Afrika paradigm advocating the creation of a Federation of African States (FAS) based on five sub-regional states with a federal capital (Napata) and a rotating presidency, eventually leading to total political and economic integration.
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"UNITED STATES OF AFRICA? AFRICAN UNION LAUNCHES ALL-AFRICA PASSPORT." Indonesian Journal of International Law 13, no. 2 (January 2, 2016): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.17304/ijil.vol13.2.653.

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Rich, Paul. "United States containment policy, South Africa and the apartheid dilemma." Review of International Studies 14, no. 3 (July 1988): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500113257.

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Since the early 1970s, South Africa has become an increasingly important issue within US foreign policy after a long period of benign neglect. For a considerable part of the post-war period, US decision-makers felt it possible to avoid a direct confrontation with the moral and ethical issues involved in the South African government's policy of apartheid; the relative geographical isolation of the country from many central theatres of East–West conflict in central Europe, the Middle East and South East Asia ensured that South Africa was not in the front line of strategically vital states. Furthermore, South Africa's membership of the Commonwealth until 1960 meant that, for many US policy makers, South Africa could be seen as an issue within Commonwealth relations and thus not one for direct US involvement.
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Aubrey, Lisa Asili. "African Americans in the United States and African Studies." African Issues 30, no. 2 (2002): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1548450500006442.

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That there is a strong historical intellectual tradition of African Americans studying Africa is news to some. That there remains a demand among African Americans in the United States to study Africa is also a surprise. That these ideas are challenging to some is ludicrous to others. For many African Americans in African studies, affirming our engagement with Africa over and over is not only a nuisance but also a waste of precious time and intellectual energy. After countless efforts, many African Americans have simply disengaged, refusing to have these futile conversations. Others bear witness in perpetuity to the defense of Black nationality and global Pan-Africanism for themselves, the race, and the enlightenment of disbelievers. Both groups act with calculated rationality, yet denials of African Americans’ interest in, engagement with, and effect on African studies abound. The denial within the community of scholars comes mostly from White Americans but also from continental Africans and other African Americans.
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Obraztsova, Margarita. "Economic relations between the United States and South Africa." Russia and America in the 21st Century, no. 2 (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760015880-5.

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The article analyses the role of the South African mining sector in the development of long-term relations between the United States and South Africa. Largely with the help of American investments the South African mining industry was formed. Thereby America provided its firms with access to South Africa’s rich resource potential. The increasing dependence of the United States on those types of minerals that are of strategic importance for its defense industry makes relations with South Africa a priority. Therefore, US policy is primarily aimed at ensuring the access of American companies to the South African market.
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Segal, Aaron. "The United States and South Africa: Human Investment." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 16, no. 1 (1987): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700008878.

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The impassioned debate between those who support sanctions in order to bring about change in South Africa and those who favor “constructive engagement” misses the point. Each side assumes that the problem is to exercise U.S. leverage and pressure on the South African government. It is not. Instead the opportunity is for the U.S. to assist in human investment to help South Africans to acquire the education, skills and training to build their own future. Pressure may or may not contribute to the South African government changing its policies and practices. Investment in human resources has a more reliable payoff in terms of individuals capable of participating in building a new South Africa.
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Mills, Greg. "South Africa, the United States and Africa." South African Journal of International Affairs 6, no. 1 (June 1998): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10220469809545237.

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Schraeder, Peter. "Sapphire anniversary reflections on the study of United States foreign policy towards Africa." Journal of Modern African Studies 41, no. 1 (March 2003): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x02004184.

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The creation in 1958 of a separate Bureau of African Affairs within the United States State Department served as a turning point in US foreign policy towards Africa, in that it signalled Africa's growing significance within the US policymaking establishment. This historical event has served as a point of reference for Africanists, as demonstrated by Crawford Young's (1984) ‘silver’ (25-year) anniversary reflections on the state of US Africa policies as president of the African Studies Association. The primary purpose of this essay is to provide ‘sapphire’ (45-year) anniversary reflections on US foreign policy towards Africa, by offering a select review of forty books that have been published on this topic during the last decade (1993–2002). It is important to note, however, that this essay does not provide a comprehensive review of all the books published since 1993, nor does it offer a comprehensive review of the literature published prior to that date. The intention is rather to illuminate trends in scholarship.
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Wiley, David S. "The United States Congress and Africanist Scholars." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 19, no. 2 (1991): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700501279.

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Linking scholars to the Congress is difficult primarily because of the weakness of Congressional interest in Africa, but also due to the low levels of interest among academics in both Congress and its Africa foreign policy and the poor resources of African studies in the U.S. to build a foundation of knowledge useful to the Congress.
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Glazewski, Jan. "South Africa/United States." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 29, no. 1 (March 19, 2014): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-12341302.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "United States Africa Africa"

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Udezulu, Ifeyinwa E. "Imperialism or realism: United States and West Africa." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1988. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/1339.

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The purpose of the thesis is to utilize the realist-neorealist paradigm to analyze the United States policy objectives in West Africa, comparably to other African regions. The basic premise of the realist paradigm purports that states are unitary actors and they act to protect their national interest. Through a critical analysis of secondary data, my findings clearly point to the fact that the former colonial powers, Britain and France are the major actors in West Africa not the United States. The United States policy strategy centers solely on the crisis areas of other regions, the Horn, Central Africa and Southern Africa. This is because of the power struggle between the super powers and because these areas are endowed with vast mineral resources. The Nigerian oil and Chadian conflict with Libya are the only two areas of U.S. interest in West Africa.
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Spaven, Paul F. "A US Air Force strategy for Africa /." Maxwell AFB, Ala. : School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, 2008. https://www.afresearch.org/skins/rims/display.aspx?moduleid=be0e99f3-fc56-4ccb-8dfe-670c0822a153&mode=user&action=downloadpaper&objectid=b150a2ed-53f8-4dfa-8521-41f9c1869e56&rs=PublishedSearch.

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Matanji, Frankline Bradly. "Framing the Chinese Investment in Africa: Media Coverage in Africa, China, United Kingdom, and the United States." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1562652784093464.

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Higgin, Hannah Nicole. "Disseminating American ideals in Africa, 1949-1969." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709221.

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Chinembiri, Evans Wally Kudzai. "An analysis of South Africa exports to the United States under the African Growth Opportunity Act." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16485.

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The African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) is a unilateral trade policy concession governing United States - Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) trade and investment relations. AGOA provides United States market access for 40 SSA countries, including South Africa. This piece of legislation has the fundamental objective of facilitating the global integration of SSA countries into the world economy by extending preferential access to the United States market for exporters from eligible countries. Over the past decade, AGOA has emerged as a topical issue as scholars and policy makers sought to understand its impact on SSA, especially South Africa. This has been awarded more impetus given its pending expiration in 2015. This, naturally, raised questions about the performance of United States preference programs (such as AGOA) as part of a larger ongoing debate on the form that United States preference programs may take in the foreseeable future. With South Africa facing a serious opposition to inclusion in the next shape of AGOA given the number of trade agreements South Africa has signed with countries that are competitors to United States in certain product categories. This study will seek to highlight the importance of the AGOA dispensation to South Africa, and through that analysis make a case for the continued inclusion of South Africa in the future trade dispensations that may develop. This study focuses on two research objectives; firstly, the study seeks to assess the extent to which increased preferential access to the United States market has translated into a real and tangible increase in exports from South Africa to the United States. Secondly, the study seeks to identify the areas where South Africa and the United States have high trade potential, and help make a case for inclusion of these high potential trade products in the next iteration of the AGOA dispensation. In achieving the first research objective, the study carried out a detailed trade statistics analysis with the hope of gaining greater understanding of the extent to which AGOA has influenced trade patterns between the United States and South Africa. South Africa's trade figures show that the United States is an important trade partner. A key conclusion that can be drawn from the analysis is the observation that a fair amount of growth in South Africa's exports to the United States is fundamentally characterized by two key aspects namely; growth in specific commodities and an export base that is becoming gradually concentrated over time. This implies that trade between South Africa and the United States is shifting towards a new focus in line with AGOA incentives and by extension one may conclude that South African firms are utilizing the market opportunities and the networks that enable them to effectively exploit the United States market. In fulfilling the second research objective, the detailed trade potential analysis that is propped up by a robust analysis of trade trends was carried out. The trade potential analysis identified thirteen commodity groups as having high potential for further exports into the United States market, and Pearls, precious stones and metals were identified as having the highest indicative trade potential, although the picture changes as the data is further disaggregated. This suggests that there is enormous potential and a great scope for export of pearls, precious stones and metals to the United States.
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Nwaubani, Chidiebere Augustus. "The United States and decolonization in West Africa, 1950-1960." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1995. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ27802.pdf.

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Ukiru, Judi Minage. "Acculturation experience of Africa immigrants in the United States of American." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2127.

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The conclusions extracted from this research project show that little research has been done on social issues presented by the African immigrant to America. Those charged with public welfare research and intervention must develop tools and strategies necessary to assess the needs of African immigrants, to facilitate their improved adjustment to their environment. African immigrants in the United States can benefit from similar research designs and resources accorded to the Latino and Asian populations.
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Perryman, Charles W. "Africa, Appalachia, and acculturation| The history of bluegrass music." Thesis, West Virginia University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3605866.

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Though primarily associated with white Southerners, bluegrass music is actually the product of over three hundred years of black and white musical interaction that occurred in the American Southeast. This document begins by reviewing the first complete definition of bluegrass music written by Mayne Smith. It then proceeds to explore the history of cross cultural exchanges in the South, particularly in the Appalachian Mountains, that began when the first slaves were brought to the New World. In the South, these interactions created the folk music that would eventually develop into country music and later bluegrass in the twentieth century. Black musical styles also directly influenced the father of bluegrass, Bill Monroe, especially through his contact with the blues musician Arnold Shultz. The banjo playing of Earl Scruggs, an essential element of bluegrass, also owes a significant debt to African-American banjo styles found in Scruggs's native region of North Carolina.

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Sujee, Zain Jadewin. "Anti-money laundering framework in South Africa the United States and the United Kingdom." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60100.

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Given the fact that money laundering can serve to create a smokescreen for financing of various activities that not only are criminal in nature but that can also threaten lives and can sweep across borders it has been recognised globally that mechanisms have to be put in place to prevent money laundering as a conduit for criminal activity. An effective AML framework is thus not only necessary but is essential for South Africa to combat money laundering. This study investigates whether the AML framework in South Africa is sufficient in combating money laundering. In addition, it seeks to address the shortcomings of the AML framework in South Africa, highlight certain areas for improvement in comparison to the UK AML framework and reveals the need for further incorporation of the global AML framework into the AML framework in South Africa. The UK has adopted a progressive stance towards combating money laundering which pre-dates the measures introduced by the international community. It has implemented all the international legal AML instruments emanating from the UN and EU and in many instances, its provisions have exceeded the international benchmarks. South Africa is a country that is highly susceptible to money laundering as a result of its financial system being the major financial center in the African region and it is clear that South Africa will need to rely on the available international expertise in money laundering from countries such as the UK. Ultimately this study illustrates that it is essential for South Africa to critically examine its AML framework and address remaining deficiencies to bring it in line with the global AML framework. In addition, South Africa needs to adopt an aggressive stance towards money laundering and go beyond the international standards and implement and formulate its own legislation which is tailored towards its own unique challenges. South Africa further needs to increase available resources and institutional and structural capacity in order to combat money laundering and ultimately seek solutions to overcome the challenges it faces as a developing country.
Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Mercantile Law
LLM
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Reed, Joel Christian. "Hiv/aids workplace interventions in south africa and the united states." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001117.

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Books on the topic "United States Africa Africa"

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In the United States of Africa. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2009.

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Jalloh, Alusine, and Toyin Falola, eds. The United States and West Africa. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell and Brewer Limited, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/upo9781580467513.

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United States. Agency for International Development. Bureau for Africa. USAID/Africa. Washington, DC: USIAD, 2003.

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Africa Command. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2009.

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Historical dictionary of United States-Africa relations. Lanham, Md: Scarecrow Press, 2009.

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United States. Dept. of State. Office of Public Communication., ed. Sub-Saharan Africa and the United States. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of Public Communication, 1991.

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Magyar, Karl P., ed. United States Interests and Policies in Africa. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-62316-7.

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Newsum, H. E., and Olayiwola Abegunrin. United States Foreign Policy Towards Southern Africa. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07514-0.

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Mississippi in Africa. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2010.

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Copyright Paperback Collection (Library of Congress), ed. Joint task force: Africa. New York: Berkley Books, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "United States Africa Africa"

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Copson, Raymond W. "Central Africa: Initiatives Deferred." In United States Interests and Policies in Africa, 71–98. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-62316-7_4.

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Asante, Molefi Kete. "Toward a United States of Africa without Compromise." In The History of Africa, 387–426. 3rd edition. | New York : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315168166-23.

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Magyar, Karl P. "Southern Africa: US Relations in Transition." In United States Interests and Policies in Africa, 139–66. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-62316-7_6.

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Newsum, H. E., and Olayiwola Abegunrin. "Southern Africa and the Reagan Administration." In United States Foreign Policy Towards Southern Africa, 89–102. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07514-0_5.

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Adebajo, Adekeye. "Africa and the United States: A History of Malign Neglect." In Africa and the World, 27–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62590-4_2.

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Newsum, H. E., and Olayiwola Abegunrin. "Nigeria, South Africa and the US Connection: Myth and the Western-Proclaimed ‘Giant of Africa’." In United States Foreign Policy Towards Southern Africa, 72–88. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07514-0_4.

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Gasbarri, Flavia. "The United States in Southern Africa, 1988–1994." In US Foreign Policy and the End of the Cold War in Africa, 71–128. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Cold War history: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003018209-4.

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Kent, John. "The United States and the Decolonization of Black Africa, 1945–63." In The United States and Decolonization, 168–87. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780333977958_9.

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Owusu, Robert Y. "Socioreligious Agencies of Santería Religion in the United States of America." In Contemporary Perspectives on Religions in Africa and the African Diaspora, 199–215. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137498052_16.

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Yakan, Mohamad Z. "The United States and North Africa: Sustained Strategic Interests." In United States Interests and Policies in Africa, 15–44. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-62316-7_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "United States Africa Africa"

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Allison, Edith. "United States Experience Regulating Unconventional Oil and Gas Development." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2573582-ms.

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ABSTRACT In the midst of aggressive anti-drilling campaigns by environmental organizations and well-publicized complaints by citizens unaccustomed to oil and gas operations, rigorous studies of unconventional oil and gas development show that there are no widespread or systemic impacts on drinking water resources in the United States. In addition, air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions have significantly declined with the growth in natural gas production and its use in power generation. Furthermore, induced seismicity from subsurface waste disposal has plummeted in response to industry initiatives and new regulations. This record of environmental protection reflects the fact that U.S. hydraulic fracturing, like other oil and gas operations, is highly regulated by the states. In addition, air emissions, operations on federal lands, and subsurface injection are subject to federal regulation. Academic and government researchers have documented that chemicals and gas produced by hydraulic fracturing are not contaminating drinking water. However, as an added complication, methane occurs naturally in drinking water aquifers in some producing areas. In 2015, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) completed a four-year study of potential aquifer contamination from hydraulic fracturing and associated industry operations. The report found some impacts on drinking water including contamination of drinking water wells; however, the number of cases was small compared to the number of wells hydraulically fractured. The scientific peer-review and public critique of the study, which continues after more than a year, may recommend additional research. The emotionally charged, anti-fracking campaigns provided important lessons to U.S. operators: pre-drilling, baseline data on water and air quality are essential to answering public concerns; infrastructure issues such as increased truck traffic on small, local roads are important to residents; and the initial failure to disclose the composition of hydraulic fracturing fluid intensified public concern.
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"Perspectives on Historically Marginalized Doctoral Students in the United States and South Africa." In InSITE 2019: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Jerusalem. Informing Science Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4210.

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[This Proceedings paper was revised and published in the 2019 issue of the International Journal of Doctoral Studies, Volume 14] Aim/Purpose: This work expands discussions on the application of cultural frameworks on research in doctoral education in the United States and South Africa. There is an emphasis on identifying and reinterpreting the doctoral process where racial and cultural aspects have been marginalized by way of legacies of exclusions in both contexts. An underlying premise of this work is to support representation of marginalized students within the context of higher education internationalization. Background: Decades of reporting provide evidence of statistical portraits on degree attainment. Yet, some large-scale reporting does not include representation of historically marginalized groups until the 1970’s in the United States, and the 2000’s for South Africa. With the growth of internationalization in higher education, examination of the impact of marginalization serves to support representation of diversity-focused discussions in the development of regional international education organizations, multilateral networks, and cross-collaborative teaching and research projects. Methodology: Qualitative research synthesis of literature focused on a dimensional framework of diversity provides a basis for this discussion paper regarding the potential of Sankofa as a cultural framework for examining the historically marginalized doctoral experience in the United States and South Africa. Contribution: A major contribution of this work offers critical questions on the use of cultural frameworks in doctoral education in the US and South Africa and broader dynamics of higher education internationalization. Findings: Sankofa reveals critical insight for reinterpretation of the doctoral process through comparison of perspectives on the historically marginalized doctoral experience in the United States and South Africa. They include consideration of the social developments leading to the current predicament of marginalization for students; awareness of the different reporting strategies of data; implementation of cultural frameworks to broaden the focus on how to understand student experiences; and, an understanding of the differences in student-faculty relationships. Recommendations for Practitioners: Recommendations for practitioners highlight the application of cultural frameworks in the development and implementation of practical strategies in the support of historically marginalized doctoral students. Recommendations for Researchers: Recommendations for researchers consider the application of cultural frameworks in the development of scholarship supporting historically marginalized doctoral students within a global context. Impact on Society: Intended outcomes for this work include increasing awareness about historically marginalized doctoral students. Recommendations are focused on improving their academic and career experiences in the United States and South Africa with global implications for this student population. Future Research: Future research should consider the application of cultural frameworks when examining the historically marginalized doctoral experience within global, national, and local contexts.
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Ejeta, Messele Zewdie. "A Tale of Hydrological Extremes from the West Coast United States to East Africa." In World Environmental And Water Resources Congress 2012. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412312.174.

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Murphy, Jessica, Busisiwe Alant, and Jasmine Keys. "TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION STUDENTS IN THE UNITED STATES AND SOUTH AFRICA: PROGRAM PERCEPTION AND CAREER PREPARATION." In International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2016.2030.

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Onuoha, K. Mosto, and Chidozie I. Dim. "Prospects and Challenges of Developing Unconventional Petroleum Resources in the Anambra Inland Basin of Nigeria." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2571791-ms.

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ABSTRACT The boom in the development of unconventional petroleum resources, particularly shale gas in the United States of America during the last decade has had far reaching implications for energy markets across the world and particularly for Nigeria, a country that traditionally has been Africa’s leading crude oil producer and exporter. The Cretaceous Anambra Basin is currently the only inland basin in Nigeria where the existence of commercial quantities of oil and gas has been proven (outside the Tertiary Niger Delta Basin). The possibility of similarly finding commercially viable resources of unconventional petroleum resources in the basin appears quite attractive on the basis of the existence of seepages of shale oil and presence of coal-bed methane in some of the coal seams of the Mamu Formation (Lower Coal Measures) in the basin. This paper presents the results of our preliminary assessment of the shale oil and gas resources of the Anambra Basin. Our main objective is to locate the zones of very high quality plays within the basin, focusing on their depositional environments (whether marine or non-marine), areal extent of the target shale formations, gross shale intervals, total organic content, and thermal maturity. Data on the total organic content (TOC %, by weight) and thermal maturity of shales from different wells in the basin show that many of the shales have high TOCs (i.e greater than 2%) comparable to known shale gas and shale oil plays globally. Shale oil seepages are known to occur around Lokpanta in south-eastern Nigeria, but there is a general predominance of gas-prone facies in our inland basins indicating good prospects for finding unconventional petroleum in this and other Nigerian inland sedimentary basins. The main challenge to the exploration of unconventional resources in Nigeria today has to do with the absence of the enabling laws and regulatory framework governing their exploration and subsequent exploitation. The revised Petroleum Industry Bill (PIB) currently under consideration in the National Assembly is expected to introduce drastic and lasting changes in the way the petroleum industry business is conducted in the country, but all the provisions of the draft law pertain mainly to conventional oil and gas resources.
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Vilaplana Prieto, Cristina. "Teaching experience: Inequalities in prices of drugs to fight against COVID-19." In Seventh International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head21.2021.12549.

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As the Sars-CoV2 pandemic continues to grow, researchers around the world are urgently seeking new treatments to prevent infection, cure those infected, or lessen the severity of the disease. Although there are several recently approved vaccines, clinical trials are underway to "re-use" drugs normally indicated for other diseases. This teaching experience studies the market for 8 pharmaceutical products used to fight the pandemic (remdesivir, favipiravir, lopinavir/ritonavir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, sofosbuvir, pyrfenidone and tocilizumab) in 13 countries (Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Egypt, France, India, Malaysia, Pakistan, South Africa, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom and United States). Through the analysis of prices and costs, we reflect on the difficulty of access to treatment according to the country.The objective is to deepen knowledge of the pharmaceutical market: (i) to demonstrate in a tangible way the differences between production costs and final prices of medicines, (ii) to perceive the difficulty of access to certain treatments depending on the country, (iii) to reflect on what initiatives should be implemented in an international emergency context such as the one we are experiencing.
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Andoniu, Alexandru, Jérôme de Lauzon, Remco Hageman, Pieter Aalberts, Didier L'Hostis, and Alain Ledoux. "Validation of Spectral Fatigue Assessment of a West-Africa FPSO Using Full-Scale Measurements." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31166-ms.

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Abstract In order to ensure structural integrity and safe operations, fatigue assessment of structural details is a key aspect of design and verification procedures for FPSOs. Spectral fatigue analysis is widely used in the offshore industry to assess damage induced by wave loading. However, the actual fatigue accumulation endured by units in operations usually differs from predictions due to the assumptions made at the design stage. One of the sources of uncertainty is the representation of the encountered sea states. The objective of this paper is to use in-situ measurements as a reference for evaluating the accuracy of spectral fatigue analysis and to investigate the influence of wave energy description on the fatigue assessment. Structural health monitoring systems have been increasingly used in the last decade in the offshore industry as they constitute a valuable source of information regarding the actual operating conditions, structural response, or encountered environmental conditions. This data can be used to update fatigue assessment in order to determine the remaining service life, understand how the structure is aging, or support for decision making regarding inspections, maintenance, or lifetime extension. The work presented is based on such information gathered during a measurement campaign performed on a spread-moored FPSO in West Africa. Measured strain time histories at several locations on the hull have been used to derive the actual fatigue damage endured by the unit. These damages are compared to the ones determined from spectral fatigue analysis using stress transfer functions obtained from frequency domain hydro-structure computations. Multiple analyses have been performed to evaluate the impact of different sources of statistical wave data and wave energy descriptions on the fatigue assessment. The wave conditions used originate from wave buoy measurements and hindcast data. Overall, the good agreement between full-scale measurements and calculations confirms the suitability of spectral methods for determining fatigue damage. When incomplete information is available, which is often true in the case of wave statistics, assumptions have to be made regarding parameters such as spectrum shape or wave spreading. However, using the full description of wave energy spectra, if available, can be a way of reducing uncertainties and removing unnecessary assumptions in such analysis. The results of this work show how fatigue assessment can be improved by gaining insight into the different sources of uncertainty, notably the sea state representation. With increasing focus on digital solutions, these results show realistic potential for virtual hull monitoring solutions based on accurate numerical models and realistic representation of wave conditions.
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Kender, Walter J. "Citrus Canker: Impacts of Research on Eradication and Control." In ASME 1986 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec1986-3204.

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Citrus Bacterial Canker Disease (CBCD), caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri, occurs in many citrus areas of the world. It has been reported in 40 different countries, on 5 continents (Asia, South Africa, Australia, South America and North America). Prior to the 1984 outbreak in Florida, the 4 known strains of the bacterium were A, B, C and Mexican bacterioses. Canker-A or Strain-A, endemic in Asia, was reported in China, India and Java in the early 1800’s, found in Japan in 1899 and in the Philippines in 1914. It affects most citrus species and hybrids. Grapefruit is especially susceptible. Strain-A was introduced into the United States from Japan on trifoliate orange seedlings in 1910. An eradication program was started in 1915 in Florida and the disease was eradicated in 1927. In South America, the Asiatic form was not found until 1957 in Brazil and 1972 in Argentina. In 1979, the A Strain broke out in the commercial citrus area of Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Paper published with permission.
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Jones, Kevin. "Material Conscience as a Multivalent Instrument of Empowerment, Aspiration, and Identity for a New University Library in Malawi, Africa." In 2018 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2018.24.

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In December of 2015, a fire destroyed the campus library at Mzuzu University (Mzuni) in northern Malawi, Africa. The entire collection of nearly 50,000 volumes, much of the university’s computing infrastructure, and an irreplaceable archive of Malawi heritage artifacts were lost. In a resource limited context where reliable access to books and data resources is scarce, the Mzuni library was a cherished repository of knowledge and a symbol of self-reliance for students, faculty, and the greater Mzuzu community. Since the fall of 2017, a team of students and faculty from the Virginia Tech Center for Design Research in the United States has been working to design a new library in support of the national, regional, and global aspirations of Mzuzu University. The design team began the project by visiting Malawi, where they defined essential goals and parameters through contextual immersion and stakeholder meetings with Mzuni, national building officials, local architects, and members of the U.S. Embassy. This trip raised critical awareness of the very real social, cultural, and practical issues associated with pursuing international impact projects in resource-limited countries. Most importantly, the experience grounded the team in a shared set of architectural and material strategies that would go on to define the various design propositions, including the selected “Portal” scheme. Currently, the Portal is being further developed in collaboration with architects from Malawi, with construction slated to begin in 2019. This paper seeks to document and interrogate the design of the new Mzuzu University library by positioning material conscience as a multivalent instrument of empowerment, aspiration, and identity for resource-limited countries.
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Priest, Chad, and Doyle Groves. "Tweeting about Ebola: Analysis of Tweets from Africa, Europe and the United States During Two Months of the 2019 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) Epidemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." In 2019 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies for Disaster Management (ICT-DM). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ict-dm47966.2019.9032979.

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Reports on the topic "United States Africa Africa"

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Wilson, Harold L. Managing Perceptions of United States Africa Command. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada539882.

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Birchmeier, Joseph F. China in Africa: Implications for the United States. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada521360.

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Macheng, Sentsekae T. Is the United States Africa Command on Track. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada520014.

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Schroeder, David M. Friendly Skies Over Africa: Improving Air Traffic System Safety in Africa and United States Africa Command's Role in Development. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada539848.

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Porter, Murrell D. United States Foreign Policy in Africa: A Right Approach. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada220653.

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Cochran, Edwin S. Post-Apartheid South Africa and United States National Security. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada353177.

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White, Edward L. In Search of a United States National Security Strategy: Republic of South Africa. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada202040.

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Piombo, Jessica. Perspectives on Security, Disarmament, and Nonproliferation: Views from the United States and South Africa. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada601869.

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Schroer, D. J. United States Military Assistance Programs C-130B's to Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case Study in Policy, Decision Making & Strategy. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada443819.

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Dodd, Lynde, Nancy Rybicki, Ryan Thum, Yasuro Kadono, and Kadiera Ingram. Genetic and morphological differences of water chestnut (Myrtales: Lythraceae: Trapa) populations in the Northeastern United States, Japan, and South Africa. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/32506.

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