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Scraggs, Emily Anne. "The use of social science knowledge at the United States Agency for International Development." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313027.
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Jacobs, Camila C. "A participação da United States Agency for international development (USAID) na reforma da universidade brasileira na década de 1960." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/3894.
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O presente estudo propôs-se investigar de que forma os acordos assinados com a USAID sobre ensino superior no Brasil fizeram parte da estratégia dos Estados Unidos de construção de regimes internacionais mais amplos que deveriam sustentar a ordem mundial depois da Segunda Guerra Mundial. A hipótese central é a de que esses acordos estavam relacionados com a estratégia de promoção do desenvolvimento econômico e social que tinha, de um lado, a noção de que o desenvolvimento poderia ser planejado e implementado pelos governos e, de outro, uma visão de segurança internacional em que a promoção do desenvolvimento era entendida como fator essencial. Para a realização do estudo foram realizadas análise documental e entrevistas com pessoas que, de várias formas, estiveram ligadas às ações da USAID no ensino superior brasileiro na década de 1960, em especial ao caso de cooperação técnica com a Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados levantados pelo estudo permitiram confirmar em larga medida a hipótese levantada inicialmente, mas mostraram também que a questão é bem mais complexa. Os acordos da USAID sobre ensino superior no Brasil fizeram parte da estratégia de construção de regimes internacionais, mas representaram apenas uma etapa de um amplo programa de cooperação científica e tecnológica iniciada muito antes.
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Bene, Charmaine B. "Donor Engagement of Diasporas: Public-Private Partnerships Towards Development Effectiveness?" Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24014.
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During the past decade, international development discourse has shifted from a narrow focus on aid effectiveness to one of cooperation towards more effective development. A series of High Level Forums have produced a set of principles to guide this new development framework. With the steady increase of international migration, sizeable diasporas who generate a diversity of activities with development implications in their homelands have formed outside of developing countries. Recognizing their importance and potential for development, several developed country bilateral donors have engaged these emerging development actors, including the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), the United Kingdom’s Department for International Development (DFID), and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Analysis of their policies and programs reveals a set of emerging themes and lessons learned that identify the need to challenge conventional ways of thinking about the nature of development partnerships in order to move towards more effective development.
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Doctor, Frederica. "An Analysis of Servant Leadership in Russian-American Nongovernmental Organization Partnerships." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5851.
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Despite Russia's foreign agent law and a plethora of literature on the deterioration of Russia's civil society, there is a scarcity of research about the breakthroughs and transformation of Russian-and-American (RA) nongovernmental organization (NGO) partnerships. Accordingly, the research goal of this qualitative case study was to explore the tenets of servant leadership theory exhibited by foreign aid organizations for the restoration of RA NGO partnerships. The research questions addressed the influence and dominance of servant leadership tenets within United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and its collaborating agencies. A content analysis was conducted using online publicly available data such as annual reports from foreign aid organizations, newspaper articles, fact sheets, recorded interviews, and blogs. Data were deductively coded around the servant leadership attributes: (a) listening, (b) healing, (c) awareness, (d) empathy, (e) foresight, (f) conceptualization, (g) stewardship, (h) persuasion, (i) commitment to the growth of people, and (j) building community. Content analysis findings revealed that some servant leadership tenets (e.g., building community, commitment to the growth of people) were more dominant than others among USAID and its collaborating agencies; however, there was insufficient evidence to conclude that servant leadership had a dominant effect on the restoration of RA NGO partnerships. The implications for positive social change include recommendations involving governmental agencies, NGOs, and nonpartisan groups with understanding and adopting the principles of servant leadership for the restoration of RA NGO partnerships to assist Russian civil society with embedding principles of democratic governance.
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Novotny, Ryan J. "The "road" to success : importance of construction on reconstruction in conflict-affected states." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/14845.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedThe United States has spent over $2 billion during the last six years to reconstruct and stabilize Afghanistan through the Commander's Emergency Response Program (CERP). This effort is only one of several simultaneous programs attempting to stabilize Afghanistan using approaches including providing humanitarian aid, education, government and security reform, and construction. Construction often involves simple infrastructure development with tangible benefits including increased access, growing commerce and better security. Construction projects can also employ the local population and, if done correctly, develop a sense of community and social capital. What causes construction projects to miss the mark failing to result in creating a stable community? This research compares four different construction programs including CERP, National Solidarity Program (NSP), United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and Provincial Reconstruction Teams (PRT) to determine their potential impact on Afghan stability. It uses a combination of statistical regression, correlation, geospatial and temporal analysis to compare completed construction with recorded SIGACTs (Significant Acts) reported by U.S. forces and NGOs. The results imply that the identified stabilization programs are not using construction effectively to create social capital and stability.
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Cavins, Edward M., Georgios Ratsikas, Orlando R. Aponte, Edward M. Cavins, and Georgios Ratsikas. "International cooperative research and development between the United States and France, Germany, and the United Kingdom." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/9921.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedMBA Professional Report
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
With defense budgets shrinking throughout the world and coalition forces facing interoperability issues while conducting asymmetric warfare in a post Cold-War environment, many nations are seeking ways to acquire economical weapon systems that are interoperable with allies and coalition members. One method of addressing these concerns is International Cooperative Research and Development (ICRandD). This MBA Project will evaluate the current ICRandD process and make recommendations to enhance the ICRandD process by examining ICRandD between the U.S. and NATO Members, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Case studies were used for comparisons in order to determine the advantages and concerns pertaining to ICRandD and to recommend appropriate ICRandD strategies.
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Al-Babtein, Ahmed. "Saudi Arabia and United States Multinationals: A Partnership in Economic Development." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500349/.
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This study has been primarily concerned with the pattern of economic development and the role of the multinational corporations (MNC's) in that process in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Two contrasting theoretical frameworks were adopted to assess the pattern of economic development followed in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from 1970 through 1983. The first theoretical perspective is the neoclassical approach to economic development which postulates that the productive resources at the disposal of a country and the institutions developed to guide the prudent use of them are paramount to a balanced development. On the other hand, Hymer's contrasting perspective is based on the Law of Uneven Development. Essentially, Hymer claimed that inequality is built into the growth mechanisms of the present day world capitalist economic system that shapes the international economy through the agency of the multinational corporations. Therefore, any involvement by the MNC's is necessarily hierarchical, and characterized by dominance and dependence as well as wealth and poverty, particularly between the industrial countries of Western Europe and North America and the less developed countries in the Third World societies. Ironically, the Saudi Arabian case shows that Hymer's Law of Uneven Development is questionable. First, instead of the location of a country in the international economic system as the determinant of high standards and even development, the natural endowment translated into surplus capital must be viewed as the key to that process. Second, Saudi Arabian surplus capital was aided by foreign technologies, especially from multinationals based in the United States. In this connection, the MNC's played a positive role through their supplies of skilled manpower and efficient technologies to transform the desert of Saudi Arabia into a world class center of modern infrastructures and industrial complexes. Thus, the intervention of the multinationals in Saudi Arabian economic development has led to a situation of shared benefits; in which the interests of both the host country and the transnational enterprises have been well served. Finally, the Saudi Arabian experience demonstrates that it is possible for the parent country, the host country and the multinationals as parties to the investment process to adjust to each other with mutual trust instead of conflict and confrontation which had characterized many Third World countries' and multinationals' dealings in recent years.
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Carpenter, Carol Ann Marsh 1945. "Career development/practical training handbook for international students in the United States of America." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278749.
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International students attending colleges and universities in the United States are eligible for temporary professional employment to complement their academic training. However, most of these students, who are culturally different, have not had the exposure to career development concepts that would prepare them for the job search and American workplace. Most educational institutions do not have available the specialized career counseling and job placement information needed to prepare this unique population for their cross-cultural vocations. A handbook with a cross-cultural perspective was developed to aid the international student in identifying career resources available in this country, interpret the immigration regulations governing practical training and prepare him or her for reentry into a career in the home country.
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Jensen, Amy. "The Role of International Organizations in the Development of African States." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1174.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Sciences
Political Science
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Daniels, Kristin E. "U.S. Based International Educator Professional Development: Perceived Influence on Pedagogy and Educational Perspectives." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1371829332.
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Ingram, Janessa. "Cold War in the Courtroom: The International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg and the Development of the Cold War." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/371.
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The International Military Tribunal (IMT) at Nuremberg was the only international trial for Nazi war criminals following World War II. This study examines the development and proceedings of the IMT in the context of the development of the Cold War in order to show the trial as a turning point in American-Soviet relations.
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Kei, Wendy Wai Yee. "Exploring the linkages between Open Skies agreements signed by the United States and international trade development." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30817.
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This paper uses panel regression techniques and trade gravity models to explore the linkages between Open Skies agreement (OSA) signed by the United States and recent bilateral trade development. US bilateral trade in services data is not available; thus only US merchandise trade by air data is used as dependent variable in this paper’s econometric analysis. US merchandise trade by air series has not experienced significant growth since the implementation of numerous Open Skies agreements in 2007. Few studies have analyzed the relationship between OSAs and trade. These provide the motivation for exploring if signing more Open Skies agreements continues to benefit recent US merchandise trade by air development, and if the performance of these policies depends on other macroeconomic factors and on the properties of the agreement itself.
Using data between years 2004 and 2009, panel regression models suggest that the performance of Open Skies agreements are not robust to market volatilities. Reductions in air cargo costs and expansions of air markets resulting from OSAs are not strong enough to combat trade declines when the recession hits. On the other hand, free trade agreements exert large, positive influences to US trade by air even during times of economic slowdown. Yet, the duration of the Open Skies agreements and the economic power of the trading partners do influence the performance of these policies. The preferred model specifications are different for exports and imports by air data, which confirms that the performance of OSAs on exports is different from that on imports.
Finally, model results indicate that the impact of Open Skies policies on passenger traffic flows indirectly improves US trade by air figures. OSAs have stimulated passenger traffic growth, and model results suggest that lagged passenger traffic is positively related to trade value. Increased business travel opportunities conducted prior to the delivery of the goods help lower information asymmetries and develop trust among the supply chain partners. Combination of these effects aids expansion of trade by air, as well as trade by other modes of transportation.
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Ffolliott, Peter F., Jeffrey O. Dawson, Itshack Moshe, Timothy E. Fulbright, Paul Verburg, Muhammad Shatanawi, Donald F. Caccamise, Thomas E. Schumacher, and Jim P. M. Chamie. "International Arid Lands Consortium's Contributions to Better Management of Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwestern United States." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296664.
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Napier, Steven. "Political Development of Subaltern Education in Great Britain, the United States, and India." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1337718264.
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Long, Stephen John. "Disorder over design : strategy, bureaucracy and the development of U.S. political warfare in Europe, 1945-1950." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2009. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1786/.
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This study explores factors behind the development of a covert political warfare capability by the United States government from 1945-1950. Specifically, it examines the place of political warfare within U.S. policy and bureaucracy towards Europe and the Soviet Union. Political warfare was defined expansively to comprise psychological, political, economic and paramilitary actions. External factors are significant, above all the deterioration of relations between Washington and Moscow and the onset of the Cold War. But specific emphasis is given to internal aspects. In particular, strategic and bureaucratic factors are examined that shaped the inauguration of an unprecedented peacetime capability of subversive foreign intervention. The central hypothesis is that disorder prevailed over design as a political warfare programme was developed against the Soviet bloc. Institutional conflicts overshadowed a unified national approach, while coordination between departments and agencies hampered effective implementation. Furthermore, the position of political warfare within broader U.S. foreign policy remained ambiguous and problematic. Washington failed to formulate a workable, unified strategy towards the east integrating political warfare. This undermined the fundamental American objective in the early Cold War to retract Soviet power peacefully from Eastern Europe. A legacy of strategic incoherence beyond 1950 resulted.
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Cooper, Tara L. "Intercultural competency development in student success courses." Scholarly Commons, 2011. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/779.
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Intercultural development is not an intentional goal or expected outcome for College Success courses. However, since such courses are designed to help students adapt to academic and campus cultures, an overlap and alignment between the development of intercultural skills and competence and the development of college competence might exist. This thesis investigated the degree to which intercultural learning was integrated into College Success courses at the curricular level, in instruction practices, and in the individual learning experiences of students, and it also identified current instructional activities most amenable to further targeting of intercultural learning. The research was guided by the following three questions. 1) What are the ways, if any, in which intercultural skills align with those skills seen as necessary for students' successful adaptation in academic and professional settings? 2) Do College Success instructors intentionally or unintentionally incorporate intercultural competence development into the curriculum and instruction? 3) What, if any, are the ways in which instructional practices in College Success courses contribute to intercultural skill development and help students leverage their current experiences with cultural differences? The research was focused on the study of one College Success class at a community college. Data was collected through multiple methods. Class sessions were observed. Interviews were conducted with students in the course, the instructor and the administrator responsible for the course. Documents, including the course syllabus, student learning outcomes, a selection of assignments and the course textbook were reviewed and analyzed. Research findings suggest that there is significant alignment between the development of college competence, as fostered in the College Success course studied, and the development intercultural competence, though such was unintentional and unrecognized by the instructor. The data also illuminated areas where course learning outcomes, curriculum, and instruction could be modified to further support the development of intercultural competency.
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Rabiee, Sohrab. "Protection of foreign investment : the development of international law and the contribution of the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292373.
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This study begins with a generel review of the developments of international law and relations especially during this century and then continues to consider these developments within the specific contexts of permanent sovereignty over natural resrouces and bilateral investment treaties from which it is concluded that there have been many changes in the context in which foreign investment is made as well as the substantive rules governing it. However, despite the changes in attitude and the developments. there seems to be no specific and detailed set of rules universally accepted to be governing foreign investment especially in the area of compensation which is the core of the matter. Having considered this general background, the study turns to the contribution of one of the most unique experiences in the history of arbitration i. e. the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal. After studying the general factual and legal background of the creation of the Tribunal and the examination of the instruments upon which the Tribunal's jurisdiction and structure are based, the thesis examines the practice of the Tribunal with regard to both expropriation and compensation. Attempt has been made to examine these issues from almost every relevant aspect. The conclusion reached in the final analysis of this part is that despite the consistency of the Tribunal's practice with regard to some general issues, there has not been much coherence when it comes to more specific and concrete issues such as the method of valuation and some aspects of expropriation and compensation. The final conclusion of the study is that there is still a long way to go before establishing a universal, specific and detailed set of rules governing foreign investment although the bilateral approach can be, and in fact is, considered as a safe interim measure of protection as far as the capital exporting countries are concerned. It also questions the viability and wisdom of adopting the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal experience as a pattern for resolving future investment disputes in light of the extraordinary background of its creation and controversies as to the precedential value of some of its decisions.
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Durr, Samantha J. "A Brief History of United States Foreign Development Assistance to Benin, the Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia and Senegal Since 2000." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1493389407692537.
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Base, Jessica. "Using International Trade as an Economic Development Tool: A Case Study Analysis and Applied Framework for Cleveland, Ohio." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1277123604.
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Schrenk, Lisa Diane. "The role of the 1933-34 Century of Progress International Exposition in the development and promotion of modern architecture in the United States /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Harvey, Neil M. "The development and transfer of core competencies in multinational corporations : a study of three South African originated multinational corporations, compared and contrasted with a leading United States multinational." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008369.
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The thesis studies the development and transfer of core competencies in multinational corporations. It aims to advance the general body of knowledge relating to core competencies, to have practical applicability for management practitioners and academics, to explain how three companies from South Africa became global leaders in their fields and to examine the lessons they learned about international business. Three South African originated multinationals and a US multinational company were studied. The basic methodology is a case study. The methods of research were personal interviews, telephone interviews, written questionnaires, documents, archival records and direct observations. Value chains were used to evaluate the effectiveness of methods of development and transfer and the success of transfer of core competencies. It is concluded that different and multiple methods are needed to develop and transfer core competencies. The effectiveness of methods varies by company and value chain location. There is a significant high degree of correlation between the ratings of success in transferring core competencies and the effectiveness of the methods used to transfer them. This gives substantial credibility to the information provided by the companies and highlights the importance of selecting appropriate methods. There are some variances between the research results and established literature on the development and transfer of core competencies. There are notable differences between the companies from South Africa and the US multinational on the effectiveness of methods used to develop and transfer core competencies. There are also areas where all the companies are in accord. "Roadmaps" covering the effectiveness of methods for developing and transferring core competencies in different locations in a value chain are presented. Practical examples of the companies' actions relating to acquisitions and post-acquisition integration, their experiences in different countries, challenges they face, the methods used to assess transfer, avoid pitfalls and improve transfer, and other issues are also provided.The success of the multinationals from South Africa is explained by a combination of history, competitive factor conditions, management practices, attributes and leadership. The conclusions of the thesis are followed by recommendations on how to improve the management, development and transfer of core competencies.
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Larson, Aron N. "The Effects of NAFTA and Domestic Reforms on the Development of Mexico’s Agriculture Sector." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/926.
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For my thesis, I analyze effects of recent political developments on the development of Mexico’s agriculture sector. In 1994, Mexico joined NAFTA, sparking major change in many of Mexico’s major industries as a result of lifted trade restrictions. In addition to joining NAFTA in 1994, Mexico has implemented domestic programs over the last thirty years with the goal of expanding its agriculture sector. While some of the effects of Mexico’s domestic policies are concurrent with the effects of NAFTA, I separately evaluate the effects of NAFTA and these domestic agriculture policies. Specifically, I analyze the effects of these political developments on Mexico’s agricultural sector by evaluating changes to the trade balances of four major categories of commodities: vegetables, fruits & nuts, dairy and cereals. I compare the changes to Mexico’s trade position with the changes to trade positions of a selected group of six countries, which I call the “comparison countries.” The trade data covers the time period of 1975-2012, enabling the analysis to adequately evaluate the changes to trade “before and after” these political developments intervened. I find that NAFTA had mixed effects on Mexico’s agriculture sector’s development. Some commodities experience growth and increased exports to NAFTA countries, suggesting that NAFTA effected these industries positively. On the other hand, I find that NAFTA marred the development of other commodities as a result of domestic policies in the US distorting trade. Finally, I find that the effects of Mexico’s domestic programs either aided in the growth of some commodities or simply enabled producers to remain in the competitive NAFTA markets.
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Janiczak, Zaneta M. "An examination of the development and maintenance of intercultural conflict mediation and resolution programs on university campuses in the United States." Scholarly Commons, 2011. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/783.
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Many colleges and universities throughout the United States have a long history of encouraging and maintaining a diverse community of international students and scholars on their campuses. As a result of the interaction within this great mix of cultures, interpersonal conflict of an intercultural nature has understandably developed. To cope with the conflicts between cultures, many institutions have developed intercultural mediation programs and resources. This research examines what some U.S. universities do to respond to the issue of international student and scholar intercultural conflict mediation and resolution. The study was designed to explore the different types of resources and services that have been developed and to study some of them in greater detail to gain a better understanding of their approaches and resulting issues and successes. The overall objective of this research was to learn how the various ways mediation programs offered at the selected universities work in practice.
The literature review was created to gain an overall understanding of conflict styles and conflict resolution approaches that are relevant to the many cultural groups who are in need of the mediation. My data collection process focused on how colleges and universities incorporate mediation programs into the campus at large. Data was gathered through 12 interviews with administrators who have experience working in the intercultural conflict mediation and resolution area; these programs were at the Universities of Washington and Minnesota, and Nevada, Reno and Michigan. From the interviews and the literature review, an annotated bibliography and guidelines were created to provide insights and recommendations for consideration by intercultural conflict mediation and resolution programs at educational institutions throughout the United States.
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Bergdahl, Sarah Sayner. "More than tolerance: development through dialogue on race and cultural differences : a guide to learning in facilitated small groups." Scholarly Commons, 2006. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/638.
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Zonts, Jacob Michael. "The United States Growth over 16 Years of Student Correct Responses on the TIMSS: Are We Really That Far Behind?" BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3730.
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National rank on international assessments, as measured in Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), gives a limited view of the data presented. This study used average scale score data from the TIMSS (1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011) that were then disaggregated based on content domains (i.e., number, algebra, measurement, geometry, data, earth science, life science, physical science, biology, physics, and chemistry). These data were graphed to show the growth of the U.S. national average scale scores in comparison to three top scoring countries (i.e., Hong Kong, Japan, and Singapore), and three other post-industrial countries similar to the U.S. (i.e., England, Italy, and Australia) It was found that the eastern nations outperformed the western nations on science math question for the fourth and eighth grade. The gap between eastern and western nations grew from the fourth to eighth grades. For fourth- and eighth-grade science content domains, Singapore outperformed all other nations except in earth science where all nations were evenly matched. Additionally, percent correct statistics from the 2011 TIMSS Released Items were disaggregated based on subject (i.e., science and mathematics) and cognitive domain (i.e., knowing, applying, and reasoning). The released item scores, based on cognitive domain, were then averaged and the U.S. averages were compared with the averages of the above mentioned nations, using a series of t-tests. Singapore scored significantly higher in all categories except fourth-grade science cognitive domains knowing and applying. Hong Kong scored significantly higher in fourth- and eighth-grade mathematics cognitive domains knowing and applying and eighth-grade mathematics cognitive domain reasoning. Japan scored significantly higher in eighth-grade mathematics cognitive domains applying and reasoning as well as science cognitive domain applying. These findings suggest that the U.S. is lagging behind in some content domains and cognitive domains, but not all. The current study informs teachers, administrators, and policy makers of the specifics areas the U.S. needs improvement.
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Griffith, Kyle C. "The Unmaking of an Embargo: How Policy Entrepreneurs at the Individual, State, and National Levels are Creating New Paths for Policy Change in Modern United States-Cuba Relations." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2148.
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Throughout the Cold War antagonisms of the twentieth century, the United States (US) championed greater global economic cooperation and an embrace of free market principles to encourage economic growth. Post World War II, passage of the Bretton Woods Agreement institutionalized this political agenda effectively establishing the rules of global commerce. The result has been increased economic participation and trade liberalization. One of the last remaining vestiges of Cold War hostility and impediments to trade is the US economic embargo of Cuba, in place since 1960. Increasingly seen as a policy failure, the US has taken steps in the past two years to normalize relations with Cuba. At the same time, after extended conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq, economic recession, and political polarization over the last fifteen years the US finds itself in a position of ambiguity towards additional foreign commitments. American efforts to open Cuba to two-way commerce serve both national security and economic foreign policy agendas. For Cubans, removal of the embargo represents an opportunity for normal relations with the world’s largest economy and access to capital and markets that come with it. The purpose of this study is to test the theory political economy, which attempts to understand society through the intersection of economic, political, and social functions, using US-Cuba diplomacy as a case study (Yin, 2009). Working within a multiple streams framework, the investigator examined how economic policy is changed under politically ambiguous conditions through a series of 20 semi-structured qualitative interviews and content analysis of secondary data sources (Zahariadis, 2014). Specifically, the study explored the behavior of interested individuals from the US and Cuba, so-called policy entrepreneurs, and their influence on the policymaking process during an open policy window. Research results suggest that policy entrepreneurs operate at the individual, state, and national scales of society using a variety of symbols to create and broaden opportunities for policy change. Across all three levels, US and Cuban policy entrepreneur’s behavior is guided by the search for rationality in ambiguous times, but their agency is bounded by the institutionally determined parameters of what is legally and politically acceptable.
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Menezes, Henrique Zeferino de 1981. "O conflito Estados Unidos - Brasil sobre a organização do regime internacional de propriedade intelectual no século XXI : da 'Agenda de Patentes' à 'Agenda do desenvolvimento'." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280849.
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Orientador: Reginaldo Carmello Correa de MoraesTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Nessa tese analisamos o conflito entre Estados Unidos e Brasil sobre a organização do regime internacional de propriedade intelectual no século XXI. Um conflito político que tem uma interface com as discussões teóricas acerca do papel dos direitos de propriedade intelectual no desenvolvimento econômico. Esse conflito se dá pela contraposição, por um lado, entre a demanda norte-americana por um sistema internacional de proteção aos intangíveis mais amplo, forte, homogeneizado, harmonizado e efetivo; e, por outro, a demanda brasileira que pretende resguardar liberdades e flexibilidades, ainda remanescentes no regime internacional de proteção, aos Estados para a adoção de políticas de desenvolvimento industrial e tecnológico. São exatamente essas flexibilidades, liberdades que se tornariam inconsistentes com um sistema de proteção à propriedade intelectual espelhado nas demandas norte-americanas. Especificamente, analisamos o desenrolar desse conflito na Organização Mundial de Propriedade Intelectual (OMPI), que encampou os debates levados por esses dois países e suas agendas específicas - a Agenda de Patentes norte-americana e a Agenda do Desenvolvimento brasileira. Assim, a tese parte da problematização teórica sobre a funcionalidade dos direitos de propriedade intelectual no estímulo ao desenvolvimento econômico e avança sobre as negociações sobre a matéria, que encampam esses argumentos e manifestam os interesses específicos de países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento
Abstract: In this thesis we analyze the conflict between the United States and Brazil on the organization of the international intellectual property regime in the twenty-first century. It is a political conflict that has an interface with theoretical discussions about the role of intellectual property in economic development. This conflict is defined by a contrast between, on the one hand, the U.S. demands for a broader, stronger, homogenized, harmonized and effective international intellectual property system, and, on the other hand, the Brazilian demand that seeks to protect freedoms and flexibilities still remaining in the international protection system that allows states to adopt some policies for industrial and technological development. Those exactly flexibilities and freedoms that would become inconsistent with a system of intellectual property protection mirrored in the U.S. demands. Specifically, we analyze this conflict in the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), which took over the discussions held by these two countries and their specific agendas - the US Patent Agenda and the Brazilian Development Agenda. So, the thesis discuss part of theoretical debate about the functionality of the intellectual property rights in stimulating economic development and analysis the political negotiations which encampam these arguments and show the specific interests of developed and developing countries
Doutorado
Ciencia Politica
Doutor em Ciência Política
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Sakurauchi, Yoko Hwang. "Teaching and Learning for Intercultural Sensitivity: A Cross-Cultural Examination of American Domestic Students and Japanese Exchange Students." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1643.
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Global student mobility has become a dynamic force in American higher education. Integrating international students into diverse campus environments provides domestic as well as foreign students with enriched learning opportunities. However, a diverse campus climate itself will not make college students interculturally competent. Intentional curricular design is critical for overcoming issues such as resistance and reinforcement of stereotypes, but the research literature is extremely limited on effective pedagogical strategies for cultivating college students' intercultural sensitivity.
This paper explicates a research study to investigate college students' development of intercultural sensitivity through an intentional course design utilizing Kolb's (1984) learning styles cycle and Hammer's (2009) Intercultural Development Continuum (IDC). Quantitative and qualitative data were collected to explore domestic and international students' intercultural learning experiences and to potentially identify pedagogical approaches that facilitate students' intercultural competence. These findings show that the four pedagogical strategies associated with Kolb's learning cycle were effective and crucial when designing an intercultural course in order to develop college students' intercultural competence. This study also revealed a gap in intercultural development through the intentional intercultural course between American students and Japanese exchange students due to their vastly different intercultural experiences.
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Warnholtz, Perez Edgar G. "From NAFTA to USMCA: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Forces Producing North America's Regional Trade Agreements." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2245.
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On October 1, 2018, Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto, U.S. President Donald Trump, and Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau signed the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), concluding 13 months of negotiations that concerned economies totaling 27.88% of world GDP. The recentness, magnitude, and relevance of the USMCA invokes a comprehensive analysis of the multidimensional factors that led to this agreement. Explaining the USMCA of 2018 requires insight of the continent’s political and economic forces that bound Canada, the United States, and Mexico with the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) of 1994. After doing so, this study then compiles a variety of works in a meta-analysis on NAFTA’s effects during the past 25 years. This paper finds that NAFTA achieved its intended goals, but failed to anticipate many negative repercussions for which it is criticized today. Then, this study investigates the demand for renegotiation of NAFTA which was triggered by Donald Trump calling it “the worst trade deal in history maybe ever” during his presidential campaign. However, when presenting the new USMCA to the press, he described it as a “wonderful new trade deal.” Therefore, study analyzes how different the USMCA is from NAFTA, and finds that the few changes are explained by a modernization of certain chapters to adapt the treaty to the digital era. These modifications heavily resonate the Trans-Pacific Partnership, a regional free trade agreement that included the U.S. until President Trump withdrew from it. What then results to be a rebranding of other agreements is predicted here to bring more political repercussions than economic change, as elections in Canada dawn later this year and in the U.S. in 2020. Ultimately, each party succeeded per its own renegotiation objectives; Mexico and Canada sought market penetration in the U.S., whereas the U.S. sought concessions and an end to NAFTA. Ratification of the USMCA is pending at the domestic level of each country, which this paper predicts will occur successfully, perhaps even before the end of 2019. Nonetheless, despite the modernization efforts involved in producing the USMCA, this paper questions whether the agreement equips these three member states to face the challenges of tomorrow.
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Gomis, François. "Les nouveaux défis et enjeux de la politique étrangère de la France en Afrique francophone subsaharienne." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05D020.
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Des années 1960 jusqu’à la fin de la guerre froide, voire au-delà, l’influence voire la prépondérance de la France sur les territoires francophones d’Afrique noire est presque totale. Cependant, en ce XXIème siècle naissant, la compétition mondiale dans la recherche de nouveaux débouchés et de la sécurisation de l’approvisionnement énergétique amène inexorablement les grandes puissances à entrer en ‘‘conflit d’intérêts’’ par la pénétration réciproque des « arrière-cours ». Ceci est particulièrement vrai pour la France qui voit des pays tels que les Etats-Unis, la Chine, l’Inde, le Brésil, la Turquie, les pays du Golfe, etc., faire une entrée fracassante dans une région géographique qu’elle considère depuis longtemps comme sa « chasse gardée » compte tenu des liens historique, linguistique et politique. Ces nouveaux défis et enjeux pour la politique africaine de la France se mesurent désormais, à l’aune des transformations à l’œuvre sur la scène internationale avec la mondialisation et l’émergence de nouvelles puissances du Sud. Les défis et les enjeux sont importants pour l’action extérieure de la France et sa place dans le monde, compte tenu de la concurrence féroce des nouveaux acteurs et des changements des sociétés africaines en cours. Néanmoins elle possède encore des atouts économiques, diplomatiques et stratégiques susceptibles de lui permettre d’élaborer, grâce à l’espace culturel francophone, un projet original, ambitieux et porteur d’espoir. Pour ce faire, il faudra répondre aux deux interrogations suivantes : Comment réformer cette politique traditionnelle basée sur des relations étroites et privilégiées avec les dirigeants africains sans toutefois compromettre les avantages comparatifs de la France sur place? Quelle stratégie politique mettre en œuvre pour identifier les véritables intérêts communs des Français et des Africains francophones, en tenant compte des opportunités et des menaces, et les développer dans un partenariat mutuellement bénéfique ?From 1960s to the end of the cold war, even beyond, the influence even the supremacy of France in the French-speaking territories in Sub-Saharan Africa is almost total. However, in this 21st century, the world competition in the research of new markets and the security of the energy supply leads inexorably the great powers to enter in “conflict of interests” by the mutual penetration of the “back-yards”. This is particularly true for France which has countries such as the United States, China, India, Brazil, Turkey, the Gulf Arab States, etc., to make a dramatic entrance in a geographical area where she judged it for a long time as her “exclusive domain” considering the historical, linguistic and political links. These new challenges and issues for the African policy of France are measured from now on, in the light of the transformations at work in the world with the globalization and the emergence of new powers of the South. The challenges and the issues are important for the external action of France and its place in the World, considering the fierce competition between new stakeholders and the ongoing African society changes. Nevertheless it still has economic, diplomatic and strategic assets which enable him to elaborate, thanks to the francophone cultural center, an original project, ambitious and promising. With this aim in mind, it will be necessary to answer to the two following questions: How to reform this traditional policy based on close and privileged relationships with African leaders without compromising, however, the comparative advantages of France on the spot? Which political strategy has to be implemented in order to identify the real common interests of the French and the French-speaking Africans, by taking into account the opportunities and threats, and to develop them in a mutually beneficial partnership?
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Kinuthia, Wanyee. "“Accumulation by Dispossession” by the Global Extractive Industry: The Case of Canada." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30170.
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This thesis draws on David Harvey’s concept of “accumulation by dispossession” and an international political economy (IPE) approach centred on the institutional arrangements and power structures that privilege certain actors and values, in order to critique current capitalist practices of primitive accumulation by the global corporate extractive industry. The thesis examines how accumulation by dispossession by the global extractive industry is facilitated by the “free entry” or “free mining” principle. It does so by focusing on Canada as a leader in the global extractive industry and the spread of this country’s mining laws to other countries – in other words, the transnationalisation of norms in the global extractive industry – so as to maintain a consistent and familiar operating environment for Canadian extractive companies. The transnationalisation of norms is further promoted by key international institutions such as the World Bank, which is also the world’s largest development lender and also plays a key role in shaping the regulations that govern natural resource extraction. The thesis briefly investigates some Canadian examples of resource extraction projects, in order to demonstrate the weaknesses of Canadian mining laws, particularly the lack of protection of landowners’ rights under the free entry system and the subsequent need for “free, prior and informed consent” (FPIC). The thesis also considers some of the challenges to the adoption and implementation of the right to FPIC. These challenges include embedded institutional structures like the free entry mining system, international political economy (IPE) as shaped by international institutions and powerful corporations, as well as concerns regarding ‘local’ power structures or the legitimacy of representatives of communities affected by extractive projects. The thesis concludes that in order for Canada to be truly recognized as a leader in the global extractive industry, it must establish legal norms domestically to ensure that Canadian mining companies and residents can be held accountable when there is evidence of environmental and/or human rights violations associated with the activities of Canadian mining companies abroad. The thesis also concludes that Canada needs to address underlying structural issues such as the free entry mining system and implement FPIC, in order to curb “accumulation by dispossession” by the extractive industry, both domestically and abroad.
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Payne, Loretta M. "Case study evaluation of the Poultry Extension and Training Subproject (PETS) based on impact at village household level." Thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/26870.
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This study analyzes the impact of the Poultry Extension and
Training Subproject (PETS) on the village household in North Yemen.
The subproject was funded by the U.S. Agency for International
Development and implemented by Oregon State University
The primary goal of this study was to determine the impact of
the subproject by using a survey conducted among 130 village women.
The questionnaire used in the survey was designed to determine
changes in consumption and production, management practices and the
effect of extension information. There were three major discoveries
uncovered in the survey: (1) management practices were not
significantly influenced by PETS personnel; (2) the project was not
the only source of Golden Comet pullets; and (3) the use of egg-laying
pullets did help increase egg production and consumption.
A secondary goal of this study was to analyze the project
design and a 1984 evaluation in order to understand how the project
could have been more effective in its purpose. It was found that
although the project designers used the USAID "logframe" and
conducted a social soundness analysis prior to project
implementation, too little research was conducted about subsistence
poultry care and the role of rural women in agriculture. Success of
the project was based on several unfounded assumptions which
prevented the subproject from having a more positive impact on
traditional poultry farmers.Graduation date: 1989
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Frum, Jennifer Lynn. "Cultivating Cambodia the Cold War, the United States Agency for International Development, And the University of Georgia, 1960-6464 /." 2009. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/frum%5Fjennifer%5Fl%5F200912%5Fphd.
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Nowele, Bhekinkosi. "Exploring the impact of donor policies, processes and management systems on the work of civil society organisations : the case of United States Agency for International Development South Africa (USAID SA), Nelson Mandela Children's Fund (NMCF) and Sibambene Partnership." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/984.
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The relationship between civil society organisations and donors in South Africa is dynamic, and takes different forms over time. This is attributed to a number of factors, including political landscape, domestic government policies and donor policies. These factors then affect the manner in which donors relate to civil society organisations and disburse development project funds. Prior to 1994 civil society organisations enjoyed abundant financial support from foreign donors, mainly due to the illegitimacy of the apartheid government policies and humanitarian crisis. This situation changed after the election of democratic government in 1994, as most of the donor funds were channelled through the government to support its policies and programmes, and partly because of bilateral agreements with some of the developed countries across the world. In this study the impact of donor policies, processes, and management systems on the work of civil society organisations was explored, using the United Sates Agency for International Development (USAID) South Africa, Nelson Mandela Children's Fund (NMCF) and Sibambisene partnership. Themes explored included policies, processes, management systems and tools, partnership and power relations. The research methodology used included semi-structured interviews, documentary analysis, emailed questionnaires and telephone discussions. Theories on power, policy management frameworks, and partnership were reviewed, drawing on, for example, the views from the views of Lukes (1974), Parsons (1995), Brinkerhof & Cosby (2002), Howell & Pearce (2002) and Nchabeng (2001). The results of the study highlighted a number of issues. Firstly that there is unequal power within the partnership relationship and donor agencies, and this is mainly caused by the fact that donors control policies, management processes and systems, as well as the disbursement of project funds. Secondly, civil society organisations, particularly NGOs, are dependant on their donors, and as a result prioritise their programmes at the expense of communities they serve. Thirdly, both parties value and icontribute complementary services towards the achievement of partnership goals. The study also revealed that donors embrace principles of equal partnership, participation, flexibility and mutuality; but in practice this was found to be wanting. Thus donors are challenged to practice these principles, and NGOs to seek other strategies that would ensure their independence.Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.) -University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2007.
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Grace, Daniel. "This is not a law: the transnational politics and protest of legislating an epidemic." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3944.
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HIV/AIDS continues to pose some of the most significant social, political and legislative challenges globally. This project explicates the text-mediated processes by which many HIV-related laws are becoming created transnationally though the use of omnibus HIV model laws. A model law is a particular kind of regulatory text with a set of relations of use. Model laws are designed to be taken, modified and used by stakeholders in the creation of state laws. Because they are already framed in legislative language, model laws are worded in ways that can be expeditiously activated and translated into state law. The problematic of this inquiry arises from the activities of a constellation of legislative actors including human rights lawyers, policy analysts, academics and activists who have worked to critique aspects of the United States Agency for International Development/Action for West Africa Region (USAID/AWARE) Model Law (2004) and subsequent state laws this text has inspired across West and Central Africa. I argue that mapping the origin and uptake of this omnibus guidance text is optimally achieved through a sustained analytic commentary on the institutional genre of “best practice”. Explicating the coordinating function of this textual genre is central to understanding the rapid spread of HIV/AIDS laws across at least 15 countries in West and Central African between 2005-2010. The work processes of legislative creation, challenge and reform under investigation demand an interrogation of complex ruling apparatuses regulated by text, talk and capital relations.
The USAID/AWARE Model Law is rife with contestation: from its name, scope, funding source and process of development, dissemination and domestication to its legislative content and role in protecting or violating women’s rights and public health objectives. Many of the policy actors critiquing this USAID-funded initiative have been engaged in the development of alternative HIV-related model laws and the shaping of a global anti-criminalization discourse to respond to the increasing use of criminal law governance strategies to prosecute HIV-related sexual offenses and the rise in new HIV-specific criminal laws in and beyond sub-Saharan Africa. This study maps relations that rule, and makes processes of power understandable in terms of everyday transnational work activities organized by the language of law. My research method is informed by the critical research strategy of institutional ethnography. This complex legislative process was made visible through participant observation, archival research, textual analysis and informant interviews with national and international stakeholders. This has involved research in Canada, the United States, Switzerland, Austria, South Africa and Senegal (2010-2011).Graduate
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Erickson, Anna Ruth. "Who gives to international charity : a profile of individual donors in the USA." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/958.
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Billet, Bret L. "The determinants of foreign direct investment in developing countries a comparative analysis of the Development Assistance Committee, Japan, and the United States /." 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/23670128.html.
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Sternemann, Daniel Thomas. "Bureaucratic access points and leverage." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/21293.
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This project studies how bureaucratic behavior influences policy implementation. It presents a novel bureaucratic access points and leverage theory, which help us understand how policies are successfully implemented in the midst of bureaucratic challenges resulting from organizational roles and responsibilities and contrasting assessments. The concept of access points has traditionally involved lobbyists and interest groups accessing elected officials and their staffs. I ask what is the effect of bureaucrats accessing bureaucrats directly in the policy implementation process and its subsequent evaluation. I argue that bureaucrats leverage other bureaucrats during policy implementation proceedings, which adds the notion of power to access points theory. The focus of this investigation is the relationship between humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HA/DR) agencies and associated Department of Defense (DOD) components, particularly DOD medical components providing wellness intervention. Bureaucratic access and leverage enables a more unified implementation of over-arching HA/DR policy by disparate agencies with unique missions, resources, capabilities, and assessment measures. The existing literature does not fully capture how such agency differences are mitigated and overcome in implementing policy that spans multiple entities. Bureaucratic access points and leverage theory offers bureaucrats the analytical capability to know who is controlling policy implementation. It also presents a tool they can use to maintain and increase their own influence and power within a policy domain.text
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Kilburg, Gary M. "A study of peer collaborative mentoring for the professional development of international graduate teaching assistants." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36791.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate Peer Collaborative
Mentoring (PCM) as a professional development model for international
graduate teaching assistants at an American university. Data were gathered
from interviews and observations of three American peer mentors
(Intracultural Peer Mentors/IAPMs), five Chinese Graduate Teaching
Assistants (Intercultural Peer Mentors/IEPMs), and 130 undergraduate
students who were enrolled in an introductory course in chemistry from the
IEPMs. Six categories were identified through an analysis of the data:
(1) IAPM socialization; (2) dynamics of PCM; (3) gender; (4) language; (5)
phases; and (6) benefits of the PCM process. Data in the categories were
analyzed using two forms of triangulation: (1) investigative and (2) data
source.
The results of the study indicate that PCM is a developmental process
in which participants (IEPMs and IAPMs) move through four phases
(Induction, Empowerment through Collaboration, Reduction, and
Termination) employing the concepts of reciprocity, mutuality, parity and
cultural sensitivity. Providing this type of support system gave the IEPMs
and IAPMs an opportunity to develop a learning community through the
PCM process. During the study, the two groups of participants acted as
cultural mediators for one another and for the students. The purpose of the
mediation was to assist all participants in developing their cross-cultural
skills and resolve issues that were germane to the quality of the teaching
environment and the professional development of the IEPMs and IAPMs.
The study provides a new mentoring model for teaching faculty that is
responsive to professional development and cross-cultural communication
skills. The model supports an environment where isolation and dissonance
are minimized and collaboration and cultural sensitivity are encouraged.Graduation date: 1992
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Chang, Wei-Wen. "International human resource development : a cross-cultural case study of a multinational training program in the United States and Taiwan /." 2002. http://www.library.wisc.edu/databases/connect/dissertations.html.
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Mason, Daniel Scott. "The origins and development of the International Hockey League and its effects on the sport of professional ice hockey in North America." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5432.
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This study examined the development of the first professional ice hockey league, the
International Hockey League, and its relationships with amateur and professional leagues
and ideals, in both Canada and the United States, during the first decade of the twentieth
century.
Following the historical method, relying primarily on newspapers reports from the
towns involved with the League during that period, a chronological-thematic narrative was
written to analyze the following hypotheses: a) the League played an important role in the
development of professional hockey in Canada, b) the League and its members reflected and
affected attitudes toward professional hockey in Canada and the U.S., c) the operations and
play levels of the League were the direct result of several influential individuals and events.
The study was arranged into three distinct parts: an examination of background
conditions existing in eastern Canada and ice hockey prior to the formation of the l.H.L.; a
descriptive narrative of the l.H.L.s towns, operations and influential individuals; and an
interpretation of selected issues.
The study revealed that the formation and operations of the l.H.L. provided a
significant influence on the trend toward the acceptance of professionalism in the Canadian
senior hockey leagues. It was also determined that the factors associated with that
acceptance led to the demise of the l.H.L.
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Harper, Kristine C. "Boundaries of research : civilian leadership, military funding, and the international network surrounding the development of numerical weather prediction in the United States." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/30321.
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American meteorology was synonymous with subjective weather forecasting in the
early twentieth century. Controlled by the Weather Bureau and with no academic
programs of its own, the few hundred extant meteorologists had no standing in the
scientific community. Until the American Meteorological Society was founded in
1919, meteorologists had no professional society. The post-World War I rise of
aeronautics spurred demands for increased meteorological education and training.
The Navy arranged the first graduate program in meteorology in 1928 at MIT. It
was followed by four additional programs in the interwar years. When the U.S.
military found itself short of meteorological support for World War II, a massive
training program created thousands of new mathematics- and physics-savvy
meteorologists. Those remaining in the field after the war had three goals: to create
a mathematics-based theory for meteorology, to create a method for objectively
forecasting the weather, and to professionalize the field. Contemporaneously,
mathematician John von Neumann was preparing to create a new electronic digital
computer which could solve, via numerical analysis, the equations that defined the
atmosphere. Weather Bureau Chief Francis W. Reichelderfer encouraged von
Neumann, with Office of Naval Research funding, to attack the weather forecasting
problem. Assisting with the proposal was eminent Swedish-born meteorologist
Carl-Gustav Rossby. Although Rossby returned to Stockholm to establish his own
research school, he was the de facto head of the Meteorology Project providing
personnel, ideas, and a publication venue. On-site leader Jule Charney provided the
equations and theoretical underpinnings. Scandinavian meteorologists supplied by
Rossby provided atmospheric reality. Six years after the Project began,
meteorologists were ready to move their models from a research to an operational
venue. Attempts by Air Force meteorologist Philip D. Thompson to co-opt
numerical weather prediction (NWP) prompted the academics, Navy, and Weather
Bureau members involved to join forces and guarantee that operational NWP
would remain a joint activity not under the control of any weather service. This is
the story of the professionalization of a scientific community, of significant
differences in national styles in meteorology, and of the fascination (especially by
non-meteorologists) in exploiting NWP for the control of weather.Graduation date: 2003
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Chen, Ying-Ya, and 陳櫻芽. "Theories and Practice of the United States and International Export Control Laws: The Development of the Export Control Laws in the Republic of Chian on Taiwan." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85034858276904622988.
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Bellotti, Jeremy Aaron. "Peace and Sport: Challenging Limitations across the Sport for Development and Peace Sector." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/3009.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)This paper examines an international SDP NGO in relation to the most challenging limitations facing the current Sport for Development and Peace sector. Employing an existing academic framework of the contemporary SDP sector, this case study explores under what conditions an SDP organization might begin to emancipate themselves from such limitations.
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Ndethiu, Maureen K. "Environmental justice in Kenya : a critical analysis." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/24460.
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Environmental justice, a new but rapidly developing concept in international environmental law, arose in the United States of America during the Environmental Justice Movement of the late 1970s and 1980s. It starkly highlighted injustices faced by people of colour and low-income communities as regards racially skewed environmental legal protection and allocation of environmental risks. The movement radically changed the meaning of ‘environment’ from its conventional green overtones to include issues of social justice at the core of environmental thinking. I critically examine the concept of environmental justice in the Kenyan context by highlighting the injustices, and the formulation and application of laws and policies that significantly impact on environmental regulation and equitable distribution of social services.Private Law
LL. M.
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Turgeon, Pelletier Etienne. "La géographie du dollar et la Chine : analyse géoéconomique d'une sédition monétaire." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6262.
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L’équilibre économique mondial repose sur une asymétrie structurelle dont les pôles antagonistes principaux sont les États-Unis et l’Asie orientale. À la base de cet axe de tension géographique se trouve la question de la représentation mondiale de la richesse. La domination du dollar permet aux États-Unis un accès disproportionné aux ressources planétaires. Les pays créanciers, dont fait partie la Chine, hésitent à laisser flotter leur monnaie et attaquer l’hégémonie du dollar. Entre temps, les déséquilibres s’intensifient, tout comme les tensions politiques, par l’effet de ce système monétaire qui participe au maintien d’un monde unipolaire. Le système monétaire actuel n’offre aucune perspective endogène quant à la résolution des déséquilibres que son équilibre requiert. Ce mémoire cherche à identifier les stratégies géoéconomiques de la Chine pour se soustraire de l’emprise du dollar.Present world economic stability rests on a structural asymmetry whose main antagonists are the United States and East Asia. Inducing the very existence of this axis is the question of the worldwide representation of value. The dollar’s domination in this matter allows the United States a disproportionate access to planetary resources. The creditor countries, among which China, hesitate to adopt a floating exchange rate and challenge this peculiar dimension of hegemony directly through the foreign exchange market. As time goes by the global imbalances intensify along with the corresponding political tensions. In effect, the dollarized global monetary system acts as a pillar of a unipolar world. The present international monetary system does not offer, by itself, a resolution to this polarisation process its existence generates. This mémoire offers a perspective on China’s geoeconomic strategies destined to extract itself from the dollar system. This is done through the observation of three sets of indicators : Forex reserves, commercial relations and domestic demand.