Academic literature on the topic 'United States. Army Air Forces. Air Force, 8th'

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Journal articles on the topic "United States. Army Air Forces. Air Force, 8th"

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Minaev, Maxim. "Armed Forces in the present United States and Britain military policy. Main Trends." Russia and America in the 21st Century, no. 6 (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760029541-2.

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The article presents the United States and United Kingdom Armed Forces evolvement main trends in the warfare below the threshold of war context. The point at issue is United States Special Operations Forces (US SOF), British Army and United Kingdom Special Forces (UKSF). The focus of the research paper on: the US Theater Special Operations Commands - Special Operations Command Africa, Special Operations Command Europe and others; British Army new units - Ranger Regiment, Army Special Operations Brigade, 11th Security Force Assistance Brigade and others. The organizational and establishment of these units, their warfighting and combat training functions, tactical battle employment the spot is on. The article consciously thinks the Future Soldier British Army reform program and its role in the battle units adapting to the new type of conflicts - hybrid warfare below the threshold of war. The special attention is given to the US Military Operation in Syria (Operation Inherent Resolve) and American-British military assistance to Ukraine Armed Forces. The article is also reviewing the CIA Special Activities Center military role in Ukraine and 22nd Special Air Service regiment (UKSF) Syria combat presence.
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Huang, Min Chuan, Chao Yen Wu, and Jang Ruey Tzeng. "Taiwan Air Force Logistics System of Research Governance." Advanced Materials Research 393-395 (November 2011): 393–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.393-395.393.

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Taiwan Air Force attempts to dress the century into the military logistics fleet management information governance challenges and solutions for the problem, I explore the Department of Defense and the Air Force General Command of the face when the United States, China, Taiwan triangular relationship and interaction development, I Taiwan, F100, F104 old multi-session retreat, an opportunity to the international situation easy to help the world's consumption of the United States, IDF130 French Mirage 2000 aircraft with 60 U.S. F16A / B fighters, 150. 1979 to 1996 while the Air Force replacement of old aircraft and the Army a total of 340 aircraft and five companies. Up to five kinds of aircraft types, there are cross-generational, cross-type, cross-border differences, and my task, repair, supplies, etc. have a direct long-term implications. Was the need to actively seek foreign buyers, so the secret meaning to contact the French Mirage 2000 fighter procurement, Taiwan also has four planes incompatible and independent logistics system? At this point the core operation of the Air Force logistics management, and supply sources and the implementation of cross-system benefits, there are still logistical bar code conversion, how to face the army in 1990, the Air Force effective governance, effective logistics to enhance the Air Force repair capability to ensure air superiority over the Taiwan Strait security and integration of armed forces combat capability. We provide this experience for the successful teaching of business management related discussions to enhance the graduate student's thinking and decision-making capacity.
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Popov, Grigorij. "Japan vs the United States (1941—1945). People and Machines." ISTORIYA 12, no. 12-2 (110) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840015908-7.

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The authors study the military potential of the Japanese Empire and its changes during the Pacific War in order to understand the role of the Pacific Theater of Operations in World War II. In this regard, the authors basing on the losses suffered by Japan on various fronts define the role of the USSR in the defeat of militaristic Japan. They argue that the contribution of the USSR to the victory of the Anti-Hitler coalition in Asia consists mainly in shackling significant forces of the Japanese army in Manchuria and Korea until the end of the summer of 1945, which did not allow the Japanese military to win to a large extent in the southwestern provinces of China, thereby ensuring direct communication with Burma. As for the defeat of the Japanese Air Force, which was the main striking force of Japanese militarism, there was a decisive contribution of the United States, whose Air Force also caused significant damage to Japanese industry by the summer of 1945 with strategic bombing. In this regard, the authors question the need for atomic bombing, which accelerated the surrender of Japan, but did not make it, as the authors prove, inevitable. The authors see the main reason for Japan's defeat in the strategy of its High command, putting the economy in second place. The Japanese admirals exaggerated the capabilities of carrier-based aircraft too much, which became a fatal factor for Japan in the Pacific war. The authors also claim that the actions of the Allied troops in Burma played a significant role in the defeat of Japan.
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Tinker, Hugh. "Burma's Struggle for Independence: The Transfer of Power Thesis Re-examined." Modern Asian Studies 20, no. 3 (July 1986): 461–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00007824.

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On 3 May 1945, British—Indian forces landed in Rangoon. The Japanese had pulled out. The city was liberated. On 16 June there was a victory parade, though the final victory over Japan was still distant and most of their conquests were intact. Admiral Mountbatten, Supreme Allied Commander, took the salute while detachments representing the one million men under his command passed by in massed array. Famous regiments from Britain, India and Nepal; the Royal Navy; the Royal Air Force; men from the United States Air Force. It was an impressive sight, though the ceremony took place in pouring rain. Amongst them all was a somewhat ragged band representing the Burma National Army which, having been raised by the Japanese, had fought for three months alongside the British. Watching the parade from the central dais was a young man dressed in the uniform of a Japanese Major-General, though he also wore an arm-band with a conspicuous red star. The outfit was incongruously crowned by a pith sun-helmet—a topi. Probably most foreigners present assumed he was a Chinese officer. He was actually Bogyoke Aung San, commander of the BNA.
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Szafrański, Bolesław, and Jarosław Wójcik. "Analysis of models and algorithms used operationally in methods for the continuous monitoring of bird collision hazards." Computer Science and Mathematical Modelling, no. 13-14/2021 (June 30, 2022): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.8614.

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The results of the analysis of factors influencing the emergence of dangerous situations in the air (in short, aviation incidents) in the Polish Army show a significant negative impact of the environment on the flight operations performed. The most common cause of an aviation incident in the area of the environment is the collision of the aircraft with birds. The lack of methods for the continuous monitoring and forecasting of the level of risk of collision between aircraft and birds makes a significant gap in a proactive approach to the safety of flights in the Air Force of the Republic of Poland. This paper presents an overview of the most important methods for detection and forecasting of bird flight intensity, which have been used for construction of systems aiming to prevent collisions with birds and which are employed by the air forces of the United States, the Netherlands, Belgium and Israel. An accurate analysis of the models and algorithms used in the selected methods shows contemporary trends in research on the negative impact of the environment on flight safety. These methods show incomplete usefulness in Poland’s conditions, which justifies the need to develop a more appropriate method.
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Szafrański, B., M. Zieja, and J. Wójcik. "The review of methods for a real-time monitoring and forecasting bird strike risk level." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2198, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2198/1/012002.

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Abstract A high level of flight safety is a priority for all aviation organizations in the world. The negative impact of the natural environment on air operations is one of the most common factors causing the situations exerting a negative influence on flight safety (in short-aviation occurrence) in the Polish Army. The most common reason of the aviation occurrence connected with the environment area is the bird strike. The lack of a method for real-time monitoring and forecasting bird strike risk level is a significant gap in the proactive approach to flight safety within the Polish Air Force. The article presents a review of the methods for monitoring and forecasting the intensity of bird movements, which were used to build advisory systems used by air forces of the United States, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium and Israel. The article consists of summary of most important properties of the methods and analysis in terms of their applicability in the Polish conditions. Particular attention was paid to the complicated network of routes of bird species occurring on Polish territory. Finally, after proving the incomplete usefulness of the above-mentioned methods in Polish conditions, the need to develop a more adequate method was justified.
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Kim, Jaewook, and Sukjae Jeong. "The first step toward the success of the Korean risk management framework (KRMF)." Journal of Advances in Military Studies 5, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 73–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.37944/jams.v5i2.151.

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The risk management framework (RMF) applied by the United States combines the concepts of information security and risk management in the product development process. This includes the systematic structure of equipment, parts, other construction systems, facilities, and personnel, as well as the related security of cyberspace. This concept has been a concept that has been systematically applied for the completion of information security from the requirement planning stage to the destruction of the weapon system. The RMF, which should be reflected in the project of power enhancement to ensure the perfect performance of the weapons system that our military will use in the future, is unfamiliar to Republic of Korea Army (ROK). RMF is a step-level field that has not yet been based on detailed research and measures in any ROK military, such as the Army, Navy, and Air Force. However, the USFK, which is stationed in the Republic of Korea during peacetime, and the United States’ wartime reinforcement forces [Flexible Deterrence Option (FDO), Force Module Package (FMP), Time Phased Forces Deployment Data (TPFDD)], which are deployed at the request of the CFC Commander in the event of a crisis situation on the Korean peninsula and under the direction of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, are thoroughly prepared for cyber threats by applying the RMF procedure. Therefore, the military should also create and apply the corresponding procedures during combined and joint operations as soon as possible. This study aims to provide a direction for the development of a categorization system, which is the most basic and important step 1 system in the RMF process, and I hope that it will help in the implementation of the Korean Risk Management Framework (KRMF) that should be applied in the future.
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Mathews, T. P. "Aeromedical Transport of the Seriously Ill Patient." Journal of the World Association for Emergency and Disaster Medicine 1, no. 2 (1985): 155–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00065390.

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Most of us are aware of the medical airlifts that were practiced by the United States Air Force during the Korean and Viet Nam conflicts. Likewise, we read regularly of the air transport of one or more severely burned patients from the scene of an accident to the Burn Center at Brooke Army Medical Center in San Antonio, Texas. But what is not generally known is the daily movement of patients who are armed forces members, or their dependents, throughout the world for the purpose of receiving sophisticated medical care, regardless of where they may be stationed.The reasons for this service are two: first, quite obviously, it is humanitarian; second, it is a way for the Air Force to maintain medical readiness for their wartime mission by exercising this system on a daily basis during peacetime. We are talking about a worldwide network whose major and minor branches sweep around the globe.Patients are air transported according to three levels of need: routine, high priority, and urgent. This article will be limited to a general description of the necessary hardware and current practices used for the urgent mission.We use three types of aircraft: the Huey helicopter for short distances; the C-9, a two-engined jet, for medium range; and the C-141, a four-engined jet, for intercontinental transport. The medical modifications to the C-9 include a built-in ramp; a nurses' station similar to that found on a hospital ward, complete with built-in drug and equipment cabinets; multiple sources for oxygen and suction; and ready communication fore and aft. Seats can be quickly removed, leaving space for litters in tiers, infant isolettes and Stryker frames.
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Teremetskiy, K. "Development of the Hungarian Armed Forces and Defence-Industrial Complex: The Strategy of V. Orbán’s Government." Analysis and Forecasting. IMEMO Journal, no. 4 (2023): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/afij-2023-4-55-66.

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The article examines Hungary’s modernization of Armed Forces and expansion of the capabilities of the country’s defence-industrial complex (DIC). Using the neorealistic paradigm, the author analyzes the main directions in which the Hungarian army and the MIC developed during the leadership of the Prime Minister Viktor Orbán. The 10-year development program of the Hungarian Defence Forces – Zrínyi – involves a significant increase in their capabilities by 2026. Official plans to expand and modernize the DIC include the target to make the Hungarian state one of the leaders of the defense industry in the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) by 2030. The main partners in this area are going to be companies not only from the member states of the European Union (Germany, France and the Czech Republic), but also from Turkey and Israel. Reforming the army and increasing the technological level of the DIC are primarily aimed at strengthening the country’s economy and protecting the state borders and Hungarian citizens both in Hungary itself and in Ukraine, in Transcarpathia. At the same time, the Prime Minister V. Orbán is confident that NATO’s actions can only be aimed at self-defense. This is related to the refusal of the Hungarian authorities to supply weapons to Kiev. However, Hungary is not only strengthening mechanized troops (German Lynx infantry fighting vehicles, Turkish Gidrán armored personnel carriers), the country’s Air Force (Swedish Saab JAS 39 Gripen aircraft) and Air Defense (Norwegian–American NASAMS anti-aircraft missile complex), but also, reflecting on the experience of the conflict in Ukraine, returns to the use of artillery, considers the possibility of producing drones and more ammunition on its territory, and also wants to increase the offensive potential of its Armed Forces thanks to modern multiple rocket launchers like HIMARS. Despite the fact that Hungary, according to V. Orbán, is on the side of the ‘peace party’, in the future, as part of NATO in the CEE region, there will be a modernized army with a proper defence-industrial complex, ready for a ‘new generation’ conflict. The Hungarian political opposition in turn advocates for military assistance to Ukraine and curtailing relations with Russia, while being actively encouraged by the United States.
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Folaron, Irene, Mark W. True, William H. Kazanis, Jana L. Wardian, Joshua M. Tate, Sky D. Graybill, Philip G. Clerc, and Craig R. Jenkins. "Diabetes by Air, Land, and Sea: Effect of Deployments on HbA1c and BMI." Military Medicine 185, no. 3-4 (October 17, 2019): 486–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz311.

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Abstract Introduction Service members (SMs) in the United States (U.S.) Armed Forces have diabetes mellitus at a rate of 2–3%. Despite having a chronic medical condition, they have deployed to environments with limited medical support. Given the scarcity of data describing how they fare in these settings, we conducted a retrospective study analyzing the changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and body mass index (BMI) before and after deployment. Materials and Methods SMs from the U.S. Army, Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps with diabetes who deployed overseas were identified through the Military Health System (MHS) Management Analysis and Reporting Tool and the Defense Manpower Data Center. Laboratory and pharmaceutical data were obtained from the MHS Composite Health Care System and the Pharmacy Data Transaction Service, respectively. Paired t-tests were conducted to calculate changes in HbA1c and BMI before and after deployment. Results SMs with diabetes completed 11,325 deployments of greater than 90 days from 2005 to 2017. Of these, 474 (4.2%) SMs had both HbA1c and BMI measurements within 90 days prior to departure and within 90 days of return. Most (84.2%) required diabetes medications: metformin in 67.3%, sulfonylureas in 19.0%, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in 13.9%, and insulin in 5.5%. Most SMs deployed with an HbA1c < 7.0% (67.1%), with a mean predeployment HbA1c of 6.8%. Twenty percent deployed with an HbA1c between 7.0 and 7.9%, 7.2% deployed with an HbA1c between 8.0 and 8.9%, and 5.7% deployed with an HbA1c of 9.0% or higher. In the overall population and within each military service, there was no significant change in HbA1c before and after deployment. However, those with predeployment HbA1c < 7.0% experienced a rise in HbA1c from 6.2 to 6.5% (P < 0.001), whereas those with predeployment HbA1c values ≥7.0% experienced a decline from 8.0 to 7.5% (P < 0.001). Those who deployed between 91 and 135 days had a decline in HbA1c from 7.1 to 6.7% (P = 0.010), but no significant changes were demonstrated in those with longer deployment durations. BMI declined from 29.6 to 29.3 kg/m2 (P < 0.001), with other significant changes seen among those in the Army, Navy, and deployment durations up to 315 days. Conclusions Most SMs had an HbA1c < 7.0%, suggesting that military providers appropriately selected well-managed SMs for deployment. HbA1c did not seem to deteriorate during deployment, but they also did not improve despite a reduction in BMI. Concerning trends included the deployment of some SMs with much higher HbA1c, utilization of medications with adverse safety profiles, and the lack of HbA1c and BMI evaluation proximal to deployment departures and returns. However, for SMs meeting adequate glycemic targets, we demonstrated that HbA1c remained stable, supporting the notion that some SMs may safely deploy with diabetes. Improvement in BMI may compensate for factors promoting hyperglycemia in a deployed setting, such as changes in diet and medication availability. Future research should analyze in a prospective fashion, where a more complete array of diabetes and readiness-related measures to comprehensively evaluate the safety of deploying SMs with diabetes.
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Books on the topic "United States. Army Air Forces. Air Force, 8th"

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Fox, George H. 8th Air Force remembered. London: ISO Publications, 1991.

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1947-, Martin Robert J., ed. Second Air Division, 8th Air Force, USAAF. [Paducah, Ky: Turner Pub., 1994.

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Berndt, Jule. An 8th Air Force diary: 490th Bomb Group. [River Falls, Wis.]: J. Berndt, 1992.

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Freeman, Roger Anthony. The mighty Eighth in colour. London: Arms & Armour Press, 1991.

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Holmes, Harry. The US 8th Air Force at Warton, 1942-1945: The world's greatest air depot. Osceola, WI, USA: Motorbooks International, 1998.

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Holmes, Harry. The World's greatet air depot: The US 8th Air Force at Warton, 1942-1945. Shrewsbury: Airlife Pub., 1998.

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Bowden, Ray. Tales to noses over Berlin: The 8th Air Force Missions. London: Design Oracle Partnership, 1996.

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Hess, William N. Hell in the heavens: Ill-fated 8th Air Force Bomb Group missions. North Branch, MN: Specialty Press, 2000.

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BOWMAN, MARTIN W. Castles in the Air: The story of the B-17 Flying fortress crews of the US 8th Air Force. Wellingborough: Patrick Stephens, 1985.

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Bowman, Martin W. Fields of Little America: An illustrated history of the 8th Air Force, 2nd Air Division, 1942-45. Wellingborough, Northamptonshire, England: Patrick Stephens, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "United States. Army Air Forces. Air Force, 8th"

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Laslie, Brian D. "Fixing the Far East Air Forces and Creating the Pacific Air Forces." In Architect of Air Power. University Press of Kentucky, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813169989.003.0010.

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Kuter left Maxwell to take command of the Far East Air Forces (FEAF). As Lieutenant General Kuter flew to his new assignment he was promoted to full general shortly after midnight on May 29, 1955. For an officer whose first flight was in a bi-plane, the importance of assuming his ultimate final rank on a trans-oceanic flight was surely not lost on him. During his career, the United States Army Air Corps had transitioned to a truly global and independent Air Force capable flying Kuter rather comfortably to his new assignment. The Air Force, like Kuter had fully matured and reached a pinnacle thought impossible as little as a decade ago. Kuter had grown with this Air Force, molding it, organizing it, shaping it and giving it the ability to do span the globe. General Kuter helped to reorganize the command and transitioned it to the newly created Pacific Air Forces (PACAF), becoming the new unit’s first commander.
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Truxal, Luke W. "The Summer Oil Offensive." In Uniting against the Reich, 155–67. University Press of Kentucky, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813198286.003.0009.

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Starting in May 1944 the commander of the United States Strategic Air Forces in Europe, Lieutenant General Carl Spaatz, finally received permission to attack Axis oil across the continent of Europe. Spaatz ordered the Eighth Air Force to target German synthetic oil plants in western and central Europe, while the Fifteenth Air Force carried out an aggressive strategic bombing campaign in the Balkans. The Fifteenth Air Force also continued to support the Red Army's efforts in seizing Romania throughout the summer of 1944. As a result of these attacks Axis oil production fell significantly creating the oil crises that were felt by the Wehrmacht during the Battle of the Bulge. Ultimately, Romanian crude oil production was permanently eliminated after the Second and Third Ukrainian Fronts destroyed the German Sixth Army in Romania. The occupation of the Romanian oil fields and refineries by the Red Army represented the end of the summer campaign against Axis oil.
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Wilber, Tom. "Readying for War." In Vanishing Point, 32–55. Cornell University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501769641.003.0003.

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This chapter chronicles how Keith Ponder and seven other men in shearling aviator suits walked across the tarmac at the Westover Army Air Forces base in Chicopee, Massachusetts, to one of the Curtiss Jenny biplanes. At sixty-seven feet, the B-24 Liberator bomber was the length of a large whale—a comparison made more apt by its tall, blunt nose and broad fluke-like stabilizers. The chapter stresses that it was a “heavy bomber,” the biggest of the planes of its day, weighing thirty-seven thousand pounds, another twenty thousand pounds loaded. The chapter then shifts to discuss the launch of the largest air offensive to date on interior Germany by US Army Air Forces and England's Royal Air Force Bomber Command. Operation Argument—later known simply as Big Week—would target Germany's airplane factories and manufacturing centers. Success counted on AAF reinforcements as quickly as the factories and air bases back home could turn them out. To this end, the frenetic rate of aircraft production in the United States had been outpaced only by recruitment. The chapter argues that the US war effort was nearing its peak when Ponder enlisted a year and some months prior to this day on February 17, 1944. It notes that Ponder and his crew were the merest of specks in the most monumental war mobilization in modern history.
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Snape, Michael. "‘Faithful, True, and Bold’." In A Church Militant, 109—C2.P149. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192848321.003.0003.

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Abstract This chapter examines the impact and experience of the First World War on the established Anglican–military nexus, commencing by discussing the usually negative portrayals of the Church of England’s conduct during the war. However, by setting this in the wider context of the Anglican Communion, it presents a very different picture of Anglican interaction with the armed forces of the British Empire and United States. For example, and far from being craven recruiting sergeants or disconnected onlookers, it illustrates the costly sacrifices made by the Anglican clergy across the world—including their lengthy, controversial, but revealing roster of clergy combatants (all of whom were volunteers) and the huge and even paralysing losses sustained by clergy families. It also highlights the scale and effectiveness of Western Anglican support for the armed forces, whether rendered by individual parishes or through the burgeoning wartime work of major Anglican organizations such as the Church Army and St John Ambulance. While critically appraising the contribution of Anglican overseas missions to the war in sub-Saharan Africa, it also reconsiders the much-maligned ministry of Church of England chaplains, especially on the Western Front. Though often overlooked, their methods left a lasting legacy in the form of Royal Air Force chaplaincy and in the post-1920 Chaplain Corps of the US Army. In light of their achievements, the chapter concludes by considering whether the Royal Navy and not the British Army was in fact the scene of the greatest disappointments in Anglican ministry to Britain’s armed forces.
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Dallek, Robert. "Muddling Through." In Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy, 1932-1945, 101–21. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195097320.003.0006.

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Abstract IN THE THREE MONTHS after the Senate rejected membership in the World Court, events abroad fanned American fears of war. In February 1935, Mussolini responded to a two-month-old border dispute with Ethiopia by sending additional forces to Italian East Africa. In March, Berlin openly repudiated the disarmament clauses of the Versailles Treaty by revealing the existence of a German air force and plans to build a 550,000-man army. In response, France doubled the existing period of service for conscripts, and the League voted to consider economic and financial measures against any state endangering the peace. “These are without doubt the most hair-trigger times the world has gone through in your lifetime or mine,” FDR wrote• Ambassador Breckinridge Long in Rome. “I do not even exclude June and July 1914.”These developments, coupled with a $1.1 billion defense request by FDR, the largest peacetime budget in American history, stirred American pacifists to fresh actions. “We are rapidly sinking to the level of Hitler and Mussolini in our bowing down before the God of war,” Oswald Garrison Villard, the editor of the Nation,complained. “That a Chris tian nation such as we pretend to be ... is actually planning to spend $1,125,000,000 ... upon military and naval expenditures ... when . . . more than 20,000,000 Americans are on the bread line and in receipt of doles, is one of the most humiliating and discouraging happenings of recent years.” Arguing that the United States was in no danger of invasion, students, clergymen, and women’s groups warned that so large a defense budget signified an intent to make war.
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Conference papers on the topic "United States. Army Air Forces. Air Force, 8th"

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Taylor, Max, Matthew Cunnien, and James Kleveland. "Mission System Needs for Small Unmanned Systems." In Vertical Flight Society 78th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0078-2022-17495.

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The United States (US) Department of Defense (DoD) is looking to reverse the trend of new programs costing significantly more than their predecessors while providing advanced capabilities to the warfighter by supplementing existing manned platforms with small Unmanned Air Systems (sUAS). Traditionally sUAS were leveraged for limited tactical objectives with two-way communication to a single entity such as a ground station or as part of a single manned-unmanned team (MUM-T). However, advancements in collaborative networks, mature autonomy and continued miniaturization of key technologies have expanded the potential for a broader operational use of sUAS. The multi-domain connected battlespace of the future envisions significant strategic roles for sUAS to provide actionable information more broadly to the joint forces. The expanded use of sUAS platforms is evident in the future US Army strategy to augment the existing and future capabilities of its own vertical lift platforms. In order to dis-integrate and exploit enemy threat systems the US Army intends to leverage sUAS systems such as Air Launched Effects (ALE) and Future Tactical Unmanned Aircraft Systems (FTUAS) (Ref. 1). These will be part of the Future Attack Reconnaissance Aircraft (FARA) ecosystem allowing extended reconnaissance, security, and attack operations. The US Air Force is also identifying new Concepts of Operation (CONOPS) which can leverage sUAS as a force multiplier to help against emerging threats (Ref. 2). This includes existing continued enhancement of intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) capabilities as well as new MUM-T and swarming CONOPS. In this new role, there are several challenges that emerge for sUAS mission systems. - Existing sUAS security boundaries are focused on vulnerabilities between the aircraft and the ground station or controlling vehicle. Introduction of sUAS in the connected multi-domain battlespace opens the security boundary to include all participants consuming data from these vehicles. This results in additional attack vectors for adversaries requiring new security considerations for a sUAS. - Secure and available communications are key to supporting multi-domain battlespace doctrine at the timing and tempo required to gain advantage on the adversary. Introduction of sUAS to this assumes the ability to interconnect securely with existing and future communication protocols at a significantly reduced size, weight and power. Availability of secure communication from sUAS is challenging when considering using these unmanned systems to support operations in contested environments. - Autonomous operations and processing on the edge are key to reaping the benefits of the sUAS operating in a MUM-T environment. Moving the processing of key capabilities to the edge allows for the quicker response times and the ability for the sUAS to continue operations in contested environments and report back when secure communications become available. It can be difficult to combine the processing resources and power required to perform the needed advanced autonomous behaviors in an extremely small form factor. - With advancements in technology, the emerging threats to warfighter are outpacing upgrades of existing mission systems (Ref. 3). The ability to rapidly update mission systems will be required to counter these threats. The mission system architectures for sUAS will need to be designed with Modular Open System Approach (MOSA) solutions that can allow rapid updates to hardware and software. This ability for fast third-party system update and integration will be required to keep sUAS relevant and maintain an operational advantage. The paper will offer analysis of the implications of the emerging role for sUAS with an emphasis on potential impacts to the vertical lift community. This resultant paper will examine how sUAS performing a more interconnected role will impact overall battlespace security. In addition, the paper will analyze and assess the impacts to the attributes of sUAS including size, weight, power, and cost (SWAP-C), life-cycle cost, mission system and payload integration and upgradability. Finally, the paper will identify technology considerations to address sUAS interoperability, safety, security, qualification, and accommodations for new, as well as legacy technology.
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