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1

Dippel, Christian, and Stephan Heblich. "Leadership in Social Movements: Evidence from the “Forty-Eighters” in the Civil War." American Economic Review 111, no. 2 (2021): 472–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20191137.

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This paper studies the role of leaders in the social movement against slavery that culminated in the US Civil War. Our analysis is organized around a natural experiment: leaders of the failed German revolution of 1848–1849 were expelled to the United States and became antislavery campaigners who helped mobilize Union Army volunteers. Towns where Forty-Eighters settled show two-thirds higher Union Army enlistments. Their influence worked through local newspapers and social clubs. Going beyond enlistment decisions, Forty-Eighters reduced their companies’ desertion rate during the war. In the lon
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2

Vasiliev, A. M. "War and negotiations. How Vietnam defeated the American Colossus." MGIMO Review of International Relations 13, no. 3 (2020): 41–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2020-3-72-41-67.

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Over the course of the prolonged US war in Vietnam, the bloodiest one after World War II, it became obvious that there was no alternative to a negotiation process. Important reasons were the impossibility for Washington to win the battlefield and the rise of anti-war sentiment in the United States. The author tried to show how certain psychological characteristics of US leaders led to the war and then eventually to negotiations. When started negotiations were accompanied by military action. The course of the war and negotiations was influenced by Soviet military assistance to the DRV, as well
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Spremić-Končar, Milica. "A nation at bay: Ruth Farnham's and Douglas Walshe's accounts from the Macedonian front." Zbornik radova Filozofskog fakulteta u Pristini 53, no. 2 (2023): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrffp53-41660.

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This paper analyses two war travelogues from World War I whose authors served in the Serbian Army on the Macedonian front, Ruth Farnham's A Nation at Bay: What an American Woman Saw and Did in Suffering Serbia and Douglas Walshe's With the Serbs in Macedonia. Farnham's duty was to take charge of the medical stores brought to Serbia from various English and American sources and Walshe was a driver in a Light Supply and Ammunition Column of Ford vans attached to the Serbian Army. Apart from offering detailed descriptions of their duties, Farnham and Walshe convey through their travelogues a very
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4

Sullivan, Evan P. "Sound Citizenship: Hearing and Speech Disabilities in World War I." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 22, no. 3 (2023): 296–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781423000051.

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AbstractThis article discusses speech and hearing disabled Americans’ claims to citizenship during World War I, and the ways American policymakers sought to rehabilitate American soldiers treated in the U.S. Army Section of Defects of Hearing and Speech—or those classified after the Section’s closure as deaf, hard-of-hearing, or “speech defective.” Ultimately, I argue that one’s aural communication abilities were indicators of worthiness in American society and that this was especially the case during World War I, when tensions about speech and hearing heightened within and outside of the Deaf
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Sarantakes, Nicholas Evan. "The Teahouse Tempest." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 21, no. 2 (2014): 156–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-02102005.

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The United States occupied the Japanese island of Okinawa as a colony in everything but name for twenty-seven years after World War II ended in August 1945. This action ran counter to the avowed U.S. foreign policy principle of self-determination. Novelist Vern Sneider, a former U.S. Army civil affairs officer who had been stationed on the island during the postwar years, was a critic of the occupation. For that reason he chose to use his first novel The Teahouse of the August Moon, published in 1951, to offer a critique of policies that he believed were ethnocentric and counterproductive to U
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Yukawa, Hayato. "U.S.–Japan Economic Contention in Manchukuo: What did Manchukuo’s Economic Control Bring to the U.S.–Japan Relationship?" Journal of American-East Asian Relations 30, no. 1 (2023): 7–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-30010005.

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Abstract This article examines the impact of Japan’s economic control of Manchukuo on U.S.-Japan relations. From 1933 to 1935, ties between the two countries came to a temporary standstill. However, during these years, Washington and Tokyo waged a diplomatic war in the background over Japan’s control of Manchukuo’s economy. Although the United States accused Japan of violating the Nine Power Treaty it had signed endorsing the Open Door Policy, Japan established several special companies in Manchukuo, and some American firms withdrew from Manchuria. What kind of diplomatic negotiations develope
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7

Husin, Ahmad Zainudin. "Krisis Pelarian dalam Hubungan Vietnam Utara dengan Thailand, 1954-1975." SEJARAH 31, no. 2 (2022): 98–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/sejarah.vol31no2.6.

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This article aims to analyse the issues following the presence of Vietnamese refugees in Thailand during the War (1954–1975). The focus of the analysis is on Thailand’s attitude towards Vietnamese refugees as well as the steps taken to return the refugees to Vietnam. This research uses qualitative methods, particularly document analysis, emphasising the use of British official government documents, newspapers that were published in South Vietnam and Thailand, books, and scientific articles. The findings of this study show that the presence of Vietnamese refugees during the Vietnam War created
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8

Crawford, Timothy W., and Khang X. Vu. "Arms Control as Wedge Strategy: How Arms Limitation Deals Divide Alliances." International Security 46, no. 2 (2021): 91–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00420.

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Abstract Strategic arms control is in crisis. The United States and Russia have retreated from agreements that formed the framework for post–Cold War arms cuts and strategic stability, such as the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe, and the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty. The only strategic arms control agreement between the United States and Russia (i.e., New START) expires in 2026. The political forcefield that sustained the old framework has been altered by major technological revolutions and China's rise. Motives for strategic arms co
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9

Alejos, Carmen–José. "La Paz en el Concilio Vaticano ii." Annuarium Historiae Conciliorum 48, no. 2 (2019): 396–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/25890433-04802005.

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The Second Vatican Council addressed the question of peace and war in the nos. 77–90 of the Pastoral Constitution Gaudium et spes. A few years after the end of the Second World War, the Council Fathers and the whole of humanity were aware of its devastating effects and need to avoid a new conflict. The Second Vatican Council began and developed in a global context of decolonization of 38 countries, of growth of superpowers and of cold war between the United States and the Soviet Union. The different editorial schemes show the thought of the Council Fathers, which evolved from proposing peace a
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10

Sarotte, M. E. "China's Fear of Contagion: Tiananmen Square and the Power of the European Example." International Security 37, no. 2 (2012): 156–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00101.

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The Tiananmen Square massacre of June 1989 remains a taboo topic in the People's Republic of China (PRC); the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) still detains participants and suppresses online, popular, and scholarly discussions of it. The twentieth anniversary of the end of the transatlantic Cold War, however, saw the release of new sources from high-level contacts between the CCP and foreign leaders. These new sources, combined with older ones, show the extent to which Chinese political leaders were obsessed with the democratic changes in Eastern Europe and were willing to take violent ac
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11

Liu, Yongqi. "The Theory of International Regimes and US-Soviet Cooperation during the Cold War." Studies in Social Science Research 5, no. 2 (2024): p166. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/sssr.v5n2p166.

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The main question examined in this paper is whether the cooperation between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War can be explained by Robert O. Keohane's theory of international regimes, based on his analysis of international regimes and cooperation in his book After Hegemony. My answer is no. In order to explain the reasons, this paper is mainly divided into two parts. The first part summarizes the relationship between international regimes and international cooperation as Keohane sees it through an examination of chapters three to six of After Hegemony. The core task of
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Thomsen, Paul A. "The Optics of MAGIC: FDR’s 1941 SIGINT Stumbles and Japan’s Hidden Plans for America (1940–1941)." Open Military Studies 2, no. 1 (2022): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/openms-2022-0126.

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Abstract Since the 1941 Japanese attack against Pearl Harbor, numerous politicians, government analysts, and scholars have questioned how the Roosevelt administration could have been caught so unawares and incurred such heavy casualties at the onset of the Second World War. The postwar disclosure that President Franklin D. Roosevelt and his senior advisers had access to Japan’s diplomatic message system through a small joint Army–Navy cryptologic program, called MAGIC, further complicated the search for answers. Although many historians have cited the value of MAGIC linked to Pearl Harbor, few
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Popov, Grigorij. "The first year of the Pacific War. Prospects of the Belligerents." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 5 (2023): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080025257-9.

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The article provides a military-historical analysis of the development of events at the initial stage of the War in the Pacific and in East Asia from Japan's attack on the United States to the Battle of Guadalcanal inclusive. The authors aim to answer the question whether the US victory was an accident caused by strategic mistakes of the Japanese command, or whether it was an inevitable pattern. In the work, the authors also try to find out what was the role of the mobilizations in USA and Japan in the first year of the Pacific War in the development of relevant events. The article di
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Šikšnianas, Mantas. "Between Mass and Individual. Vilnius Special Squad 1941–1945." Genocidas ir rezistencija 1, no. 39 (2024): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.61903/gr.2016.105.

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The subject of the article is Vilnius special squad (Sonderkommando), one of the main formations, which carried out mass extermination of people in Vilnius and Vilnius region during the Nazi occupation. The process of its formation is revealed together with the motivation of its members (it is likely that those who joined the squad did it predominantly because of material gain). One of the specific features of the formation of the squad was connections of its members (new members were often recruited by the existing members of the squad). One of the most important parts of the research was to
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15

Supotnitskiy, M. V. "Forgotten Biological War on the Korean Peninsula – Technical Details." Journal of NBC Protection Corps 4, no. 4 (2020): 441–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35825/2587-5728-2020-4-4-441-461.

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The use of biological weapons (BW) by the American army during the war on the Korean Peninsula (25.06.1950–27.07.1953) is an almost forgotten episode in the military history of the twentieth century. After the appearance of the first reports about the outbreak of biological warfare, the World Peace Council, at the initiative of the PRC, appointed the special International Scientific Commission for the Investigation of the Facts Concerning Bacterial Warfare in Korea and China (hereinafter – the Commission), which in 1952 prepared the «Report of the International Scientific Commission for the In
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16

Markovich, Slobodan. "Dr. Djura Djurovic a lifelong opponent of Yugoslav communist totalitarianism." Balcanica, no. 43 (2012): 273–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc1243273m.

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The paper deals with the life story of Dr. Djura Djurovic (1900-1983), one of key targets of Yugoslav communist totalitarianism. He was a Belgrade lawyer who worked in the Administration of the City of Belgrade before WWII. In 1943 he joined the Yugoslav Home Army (YHA) of General Mihailovic, and held high positions in the YHA press and propaganda departments. His duties included running the Radio-telegraphic agency Democratic Yugoslavia. He accompanied General Mihailovic on his meetings with OSS Colonel McDowell, and with Captain Rakovic he established successful cooperation with Red Army uni
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17

Muthu, Yega. "Supporting Evidence from the DSM and ICD Classifications to Better Understand Traumatic Experiences, PTSD in Law." Journal of Politics and Law 14, no. 3 (2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v14n3p22.

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This paper will discuss the recognition of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in legal cases based on the historical development of the Diagnostic Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM). Further the discussion will draw on the diagnostic relationship between the DSM and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). It is important to understand how the courts received evidence in relation to a person’s traumatic experience and to define the limits of liability for psychiatric illness cases. In tort law, the courts had been cautious to permit recovery to underserving l
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18

Beirne, D. Randall (David Randall). "The United States Army and the Korean War (review)." Journal of Military History 67, no. 1 (2003): 290–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jmh.2003.0005.

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19

Minaev, Maxim. "Armed Forces in the present United States and Britain military policy. Main Trends." Russia and America in the 21st Century, no. 6 (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760029541-2.

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The article presents the United States and United Kingdom Armed Forces evolvement main trends in the warfare below the threshold of war context. The point at issue is United States Special Operations Forces (US SOF), British Army and United Kingdom Special Forces (UKSF). The focus of the research paper on: the US Theater Special Operations Commands - Special Operations Command Africa, Special Operations Command Europe and others; British Army new units - Ranger Regiment, Army Special Operations Brigade, 11th Security Force Assistance Brigade and others. The organizational and establishment of
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20

Jureńczyk, Łukasz. "The United States against Russian aggression in Ukraine in 2022." Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej 58, no. 3 (2024): 163–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/sdr.2023.en7.07.

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The paper analyzes the US response to the Russian aggression against Ukraine in 2022. It discusses the American perception of the war in Ukraine, the military support provided to the Ukrainian army by the US, the economic and humanitarian aspects of the American response to the war, the prospect of further US aid, and the perception of the possibility of ending the conflict in Ukraine.
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21

Velleman, Barry L. "The “Scientific Linguist” Goes to War." Historiographia Linguistica 35, no. 3 (2008): 385–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.35.3.05vel.

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Summary During World War II there arose in the United States an urgent need for intensive foreign language instruction that emphasized the spoken language. Beginning in April, 1943, the U. S. Army Specialized Training Program (ASTP) established approximately 500 intensive speaking courses in over 30 languages in fifty-five United States universities. After a single year, the program was suddenly abandoned, owing to combat personnel needs. The present study proposes to describe the sources, implementation, content, materials development, and methods of the ASTP in foreign languages. The study a
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22

Hasegawa, Guy R. "Medicines for the Union Army: The United States Army Laboratories during the Civil War." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 59, no. 13 (2002): 1302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/59.13.1302.

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23

Sarantakes, Nicholas Evan. "Warriors of Word and Sword." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 23, no. 4 (2016): 334–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-02303001.

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The Battle of Okinawa was the last major ground battle of World War ii. The Tenth u.s. Army that invaded this small piece of Japan was a unique force composed of units from the u.s. Army and others from the u.s. Marine Corps. Much historical literature has focused on the different approaches to ground combat of the two armed services, but they also employed very different policies towards support of the news media. The u.s. Marines were much more supportive than the u.s. Army. The two different policies and styles of news coverage that reporters employed led to coverage favoring the u.s. Marin
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Tusting, Paul. "West German Single Action Army-inspired Revolvers in the United States." Armax: The Journal of Contemporary Arms VIII, no. 2 (2023): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.52357/armax67209.

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After the Second World War, the proliferation of western movies and television shows in the United States drove substantial demand for revolvers styled after the Colt Single Action Army. While domestic companies such as Ruger, Great Western, and Colt themselves provided products to fulfil this demand, there were market opportunities for imported revolvers as well. Today, Italy dominates the U.S. consumer market for imported historical replica firearms, but at one time West Germany—with its still-recovering post-war economy—was a substantial source of inexpensive single-action revolvers. Despit
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Watson, James R. "Resuscitation and Surgery for Soldiers of the American Civil War (1861–1865)." Journal of the World Association for Emergency and Disaster Medicine 1, no. 1 (1985): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00032830.

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On June 2, 1862, William A. Hammond, Surgeon General of the United States Army, announced the intention of his office to collect material for the publication of a “Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion (1861–1865)” (1), usually called the Civil War of the United States of America, or the War Between the Union (the North; the Federal Government) and the Confederacy of the Southern States. Forms for the monthly “Returns of Sick and Wounded” were reviewed, corrected and useful data compiled from these “Returns” and from statistics of the offices of the Adjutant General (payroll
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Berlin, Robert H. "United States Army World War II Corps Commanders: A Composite Biography." Journal of Military History 53, no. 2 (1989): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1985746.

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Meilinger, Phillip S., and Geoffrey Perret. "There's a War to Be Won: The United States Army in World War II." American Historical Review 97, no. 4 (1992): 1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2165689.

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Johnson, Charles W., and Geoffrey Perret. "There's a War to Be Won: The United States Army in World War II." Journal of American History 79, no. 3 (1992): 1235. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2080929.

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Weinberg, Gerhard L. "German Documents in the United States." Central European History 41, no. 4 (2008): 555–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938908000848.

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At the end of World War II, vast quantities of German documents had fallen into the hands of the Allies either during hostilities or in the immediately following weeks. Something will be said near the end of this report about the archives captured or seized by the Soviet Union; the emphasis here will be on those that came into the possession of the Western Allies. The United States and Great Britain made agreements for joint control and exploitation, of which the most important was the Bissell-Sinclair agreement named for the intelligence chiefs who signed it. The German naval, foreign office,
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BIZADEA, George. "HMONG. THE SECRET ARMY." STRATEGIES XXI - National Defence College 1, no. 72 (2021): 356–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/2668-5094-21-25.

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This article aims to analyze the role of the Hmong population in the Indochina conflict. US President Dwight D. Eisenhower considered Laos a buffer state according to theDominion Theory and as such much more strategically important than Vietnam. To avoid the fall of Laos under communism and thus the spread of communism in the region, Eisenhower turned to the services of the C.I.A., because he could not intervene officially in Laos without violating the Geneva Convention.Keywords: Indochina; Laos; Vietnam; war; United States of America; Hmong, Central Intelligence Agency.
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Oyos, Matthew. "Courage, Careers, and Comrades: Theodore Roosevelt and the United States Army Officer Corps." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 10, no. 1 (2011): 23–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781410000022.

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Theodore Roosevelt made reform of the U.S. Army Officer Corps a priority during his presidency. He felt compelled to act because of the problems that the army experienced during the war with Spain. As a volunteer soldier, Roosevelt had witnessed the shortcomings of many of the top-ranking officers in meeting the physical and organizational demands of the fighting, but he also acted because he wanted high-minded, intelligent, and physically fit leaders who could inspire his fellow citizens to a greater sense of duty in post-frontier America. Roosevelt's efforts to promote promising army officer
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Fiorentino, Daniele, Michael Clodfelter, Sarah F. Wakefield, and June Namias. "The Dakota War: The United States Army versus the Sioux, 1862-1865." Journal of American History 86, no. 4 (2000): 1787. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2567640.

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La Rosa, CPT Rene De. "Reflections on Suffering and Culture in Iraq: An Army Nurse Perspective." International Journal of Human Caring 11, no. 2 (2007): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20467/1091-5710.11.2.53.

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The United States Army (U.S. Army) has a fine tradition of providing healthcare on the battlefield. In March 2003, the United States military (U.S. military) entered the Iraqi theater of operations. Included in the military package were medical “assets” dedicated to sustain the health of the military fighting men and women, as well as the health of Iraqi detainees. Detainee medical care was a completely new setting where American nurses had not practiced before but where they were vitally needed. The purpose of this article is to describe the broad themes of suffering and healing at Abu Ghraib
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Salisbury, Laura. "Women's Income and Marriage Markets in the United States: Evidence from the Civil War Pension." Journal of Economic History 77, no. 1 (2017): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050717000067.

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Under the Civil War pension act of 1862, Union Army widows were entitled to pensions; however, they lost these pensions if they remarried. Using a database compiled from widows' pension files, I estimate the effect this had on widows' remarriage decisions. I find that receiving a pension lowered the hazard rate of remarriage by 25 percent, which implies an increase in the median time to remarriage of 3.5 years. Among older women, the effect is greater. These results suggest that many Union Army widows faced highly unfavorable marriage prospects.
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Berry-Cabán, Cristóbal S. "Prelude to Imperialism: Puerto Rico and the United States, 1895–1898." Journal of Caribbean History 58, no. 2 (2024): 77–104. https://doi.org/10.1353/jch.2024.a946282.

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Abstract: This article explores the United States' evolving interest in Puerto Rico, beginning with early nineteenth-century commercial pursuits, and which intensified after the 1895 Cuban War for Independence. The Puerto Rican exile community in the United States was divided between two factions: one advocating for independence from Spain and the other supporting annexation by the United States. These factions clashed, particularly with the formation of the Puerto Rican Section of the Cuban Revolutionary Party. After the United States entry into the war, the annexationist faction, led by José
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Carey, Michael E. "Major Harvey Cushing's difficulties with the British and American armies during World War I." Journal of Neurosurgery 121, no. 2 (2014): 319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.5.jns122285.

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This historical review explores Harvey Cushing's difficulties with both the British and American armies during his World War I service to definitively examine the rumor of his possible court martial. It also provides a further understanding of Cushing the man. While in France during World War I, Cushing was initially assigned to British hospital units. This service began in May 1917 and ended abruptly in May 1918 when the British cashiered him for repeated censorship violations. Returning to American command, he feared court martial. The army file on this matter (retrieved from the United Stat
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Kautz, Barbara Hesselman. "The Army’s First School of Nursing and Its Influence on Nursing Education." Creative Nursing 20, no. 4 (2014): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1078-4535.20.4.265.

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The history of the Army School of Nursing, from its origins during the Civil War to its second iteration in the war in Vietnam, includes events and decisions that had far-reaching effects on nursing education in the United States. For the first time, apprenticeship and on-the-job training were replaced by personal instruction from dedicated clinical educators, freeing staff nurses to care for their patients.
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Sharef Qadir, Karwan. "The 1991 Gulf War and the role of the Allied Air Force in destroying Iraq." Journal of University of Raparin 11, no. 5 (2024): 231–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26750/vol(11).no(5).paper9.

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When the Iraqi army invaded Kuwait, it quickly followed by a strong international reaction, each one of the United States and its allies in the West and the Gulf countries expressed their opposition and disapproval to this act of Iraq. Not only the aforementioned countries but also some of those countries that considered themselves friends of Iraq like the former Soviet Union condemned this aggressive act of Iraq. Hence, to prevent Iraq from taking further actions to attack some other Gulf countries, the United States began to send troops to Saudi Arabia. Along with the military preparations,
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Votaw, John. "Old Battlefields And Their Lessons." Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 21, no. 1 (1996): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.21.1.16-21.

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A drive by Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, on a warm summer day will convince you that many people think of old battlefields as a vacation destination. These same places, however, are excellent outdoor classrooms to teach and learn about history. In the United States Civil War battlefields were preserved intentionally as places to instruct officers of the militia and regular army, as well as to honor those who fought and fell there. The U.S. Army began to place interpretive markers on several battlefields more than a century ago and army officers still visit those same battlefields today to study mi
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Volodin, Dmitry. "The US military presence in the Canadian North in the 1940s – 1950s: from an "occupation army" to a unified air defense system." Russia and America in the 21st Century, no. 2 (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760015852-4.

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During World War II and at the beginning of the Cold War the United States carried out a number of major military projects in the Canadian Arctic. The Canadian government faced a difficult choice. These projects could seriously weaken the country's sovereignty in the High North. On the other hand, Canada’s refusal to participate in their implementation threatened that the United States would implement these projects alone. As a result the Canadian government approved all these projects, believing that it is really possible to defend Canada's sovereignty in the Arctic only thr
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Hoffman, Michael Harris. "The customary law of non-international armed conflict - Evidence from the United States Civil War." International Review of the Red Cross 30, no. 277 (1990): 322–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400075756.

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James Surget made no impact on history. He did, however, make an impression on Washington Ford. The latter sued him in 1866 regarding the destruction of 200 bales of cotton.In May 1862, Ford owned a plantation in Mississippi, a state then in rebellion against United States authority. The local commander of rebelling forces ordered his troops to burn all cotton along the Mississippi River that was vulnerable to capture by the United States army. Surget assisted in the destruction of Ford's cotton. Ford sued him to recover for its value.
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Evi Aryati Arbay and Bambang Shergi Laksmono. "Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage in Support to Post-war Biak Tourism." Technium Social Sciences Journal 14 (November 19, 2020): 727–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v14i1.2040.

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The Biak battle was part of World War II and fought by the United States Army and the Japanese Army in 1944. Out of the 24,000 soldiers from both sides involved in the war, 6,600 were killed; 6,100 of them were the Japanese soldiers. Remnants of war and remains of the fallen soldiers scattered in post-war Biak. The war zone then started to get visits from the Japanese for pilgrimage, remnants of war were unearthed and human remains were cremated and repatriated. The battlefield drew more tourists’ interest for the dark tourism experience. Remnants of war became valuable tangible items while wa
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43

Kolotov, Vladimir. "Strategic priorities of the DRV and the US during the Second Indochina War." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 5 (2022): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080018542-3.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of the strategic priorities of the DRV and the United States at the turning point and final stages of the Vietnam War. In the American army and historiography during the war and later an understanding of the origins of the Vietnamese strategy was not formed. First of all, the influence of Sun Tzu's treatise modernized by Ho Chi Minh was not taken into account. These approaches were creatively used by the Vietnamese command not only against the French, but also against the Americans during the war with the United States. Traditional Vietnamese str
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44

Song, Chao, Yizhuo Jia, Huyue Wang, and Wenguang Yang. "Comprehensive Overview of Key Technologies in U.S. Army Unmanned Combat Vehicles." Journal of Engineering System 2, no. 1 (2024): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.62517/jes.202402118.

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With the continuous changes in the world situation, especially the rise of technologies and battlefield applications related to unmanned combat, countries around the world have gradually begun to research unmanned combat related technologies. As the world's most powerful ground combat force, the US Army has been seeking innovative ways to enhance its combat capabilities and keeping up with the latest forms of military development, comprehensively strengthening research on unmanned combat related technologies. Unmanned combat vehicles have been designated as key components in future war scenari
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45

Zorikhin, A. G. "The Russian vector of Japanese intelligence activities (1874–1945)." Japanese Studies in Russia, no. 4 (January 19, 2025): 22–32. https://doi.org/10.55105/2500-2872-2024-4-22-32.

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The article is devoted to the activities of the Japanese intelligence community in 1874– 1945. The main work, first, against the Russian Empire, and later against the Soviet Union, was carried out by the army and navy intelligence agencies of the empire. In some cases, diplomatic missions and military gendarmerie were also engaged in secret intelligence against our country following the instructions of the supreme command of the Japanese army and navy. The beginning of Japan’s intelligence activities in Russia dates back to 1874–1875, when residents from the army and navy were sent to Saint Pe
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Wortmann, Glenn, Amy Weintrob, Melissa Barber, et al. "Genotypic Evolution of Acinetobacter baumannii Strains in an Outbreak Associated With War Trauma." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 29, no. 6 (2008): 553–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/588221.

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The Walter Reed Army Medical Center has experienced an influx of traumatically injured patients either infected or colonized with Acinetobacter baumannii. Using multilocus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and mass spectrometry to genotype isolates, we found an atypical and evolving strain distribution, distinct from those found at nonmilitary hospitals in the United States.
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47

Mirzoeff, Nicholas. "War Is Culture: Global Counterinsurgency, Visuality, and the Petraeus Doctrine." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 124, no. 5 (2009): 1737–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2009.124.5.1737.

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In one of his signature reversals of accepted wisdom, Michel Foucault modulated Carl von Clausewitz's well-known aphorism on war and politics to read, “Politics is the continuation of war by other means” (48). That is to say, even in peace, the law is enacted by force. In conditions of state-determined necessity, that force appears as a direct actor in legitimizing what Giorgio Agamben calls “the state of exception.” In English law the term would be “martial law” (Agamben 7). By extension, if globalization has again become the “global civil war” (Arendt, qtd. in Agamben 1) that was the cold wa
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48

Ochmann, Jerzy. "The Logic of Security." Security Dimensions 33, no. 33 (2020): 189–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.2677.

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Background: The author shows logic of security as a crucial element of philosophy of security, a subfield of security sciences. Objectives: The author states that logic – in the form of the logic of security – plays contemporarily a vital role in maintaining international, national, and also social and individual security. Methods: The usage of the logic of security is shown on the basis of its application in two security-related institutions: United States Army War College, Carlisle, US and Academia Diplomatica Europaea, Brussels, Belgium. After listing of methods used by philosophy of securi
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49

Vidu, Ana. "DICK, Kirby and ZIERING, Amy. 2016. The Hunting Ground. The inside story of sexual assault on American college campuses. México: Hot Books, 188 pp." Deusto Journal of Human Rights, no. 3 (December 11, 2018): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/djhr-3-2018pp209-214.

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<p>The Hunting Ground started to initially be a documentary released in 2015 daring to present on the big screen, the sexual violence on the United States college campuses. The filmmakers Kirby Dick and Amy Ziering were the Academy Award winners of the film “The Invisible war”, which tackles the sexual violence happening in the army context. While they were running along the United States college campuses screening “The Invisible War” and discussing about the silence perpetuated into the army, students were raising their hands from the public, claiming the gender violence also exits with
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Rastaszański, Michał. "Dyscyplina w armii Stanów Zjednoczonych na początku wojny 1812 roku." Przegląd Historyczno-Wojskowy 23, no. 2 (2022): 9–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32089/wbh.phw.2022.2(280).0001.

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This article is devoted to discipline in both the militia and the regular army of the United States during the initial attempts to invade Canada during the War of 1812. The study reveals that the level of subordination was low and that poor planning and command, supply problems and the unpopularity of the war in society led to disciplinary problems. Moreover, the image of a disciplined professional soldier and a militia mob is only partially true at the beginning of the War of 1812.
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