Journal articles: 'United States. Cancer'

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Waterbor, John W., and Anton J. Bueschen. "Prostate cancer screening (United States)." Cancer Causes and Control 6, no. 3 (May 1995): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00051798.

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Foroughi, Forough, Alfred K.-Y. Lam, Megan S. C. Lim, Nassim Saremi, and Alireza Ahmadvand. "“Googling” for Cancer: An Infodemiological Assessment of Online Search Interests in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States." JMIR Cancer 2, no. 1 (May 4, 2016): e5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/cancer.5212.

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Anderson, William F., Anne S. Reiner, Rayna K. Matsuno, and Ruth M. Pfeiffer. "Shifting Breast Cancer Trends in the United States." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 25 (September 1, 2007): 3923–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.11.6079.

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Purpose United States breast cancer incidence rates declined during the years 1999 to 2003, and then reached a plateau. These recent trends are impressive and may indicate an end to decades of increasing incidence. Methods To put emerging incidence trends into a broader context, we examined age incidence patterns (frequency and rates) during five decades. We used age density plots, two-component mixture models, and age-period-cohort (APC) models to analyze changes in the United States breast cancer population over time. Results The National Cancer Institute's Connecticut Historical Database and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program collected 600,000+ in situ and invasive female breast cancers during the years 1950 to 2003. Before widespread screening mammography in the early 1980s, breast cancer age-at-onset distributions were bimodal, with dominant peak frequency (or mode) near age 50 years and smaller mode near age 70 years. With widespread screening mammography, bimodal age distributions shifted to predominant older ages at diagnosis. From 2000 to 2003, the bimodal age distribution returned to dominant younger ages at onset, similar to patterns before mammography screening. APC models confirmed statistically significant calendar-period (screening) effects before and after 1983 to 1987. Conclusion Breast cancer in the general United States population has a bimodal age at onset distribution, with modal ages near 50 and 70 years. Amid a background of previously increasing and recently decreasing incidence rates, breast cancer populations shifted from younger to older ages at diagnosis, and then back again. These dynamic fluctuations between early-onset and late-onset breast cancer types probably reflect a complex interaction between age-related biologic, risk factor, and screening phenomena.

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KEMENY, M. MARGARET. "Breast Cancer in the United States." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 736, no. 1 Forging a Wom (December 1994): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb12824.x.

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Carlson, Eric R., and Sanjay P. Reddi. "Oral cancer and United States presidents." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 60, no. 2 (February 2002): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/s0278-2391(02)86097-9.

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Friedell, G. H. "Cancer Registration in the United States." Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 171–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jjco/hyd046.

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Donin, Nicholas, Lorna Kwan, Andrew T. Lenis, Drakaki Alexandra, Mark S. Litwin, and Karim Chamie. "Second primary lung cancer in the United States: 1992–2008." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2017): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.6_suppl.309.

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309 Background: Tobacco smoke is a known risk factor for both bladder and lung cancer. We hypothesized that bladder cancer survivors are at high risk for second primary lung cancers (SPLC), and sought to describe the incidence and mortality attributable to SPLC among survivors of bladder cancer as well as other common cancers in the United States. Methods: We identified adult patients diagnosed with a localized primary malignancy from 8 of the most common non-pulmonary cancer sites in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data from 1992–2008. We explored factors associated with the incidence and mortality from SPLC using bivariable and multivariable models. Finally, we compared standardized incidence rates (SIRs) for SPLC in our cohort with the control arm of the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST), a large lung cancer screening trial in patients at high risk for lung cancer. Results: We identified 1,431,809 survivors of common non-pulmonary cancers, of whom 24,477 (1.7%) developed SPLC at a mean (SD) follow-up of 5.7 (3.6) years. Bladder cancer survivors developed SPLC at twice the rate of other cancer survivors, with 10% developing SPLC in the 20 years following their bladder cancer diagnosis. Increasing age and male gender were independent risk factors for SPLC, irrespective of the primary cancer type. Of patients who developed SPLC, 19,059 (78%) died during follow-up. Lung cancer was responsible for 73% of these deaths, such that over half (57%) of the cancer survivors who develop SPLC ultimately died of lung cancer. Bladder cancer survivors demonstrated a SIR of 512 cases/100,000 person-years, which approaches the rate (572 cases/100,000 person-years) seen in the control arm of the NLST. Conclusions: Over half of patients who develop SPLC died of their disease. Almost 10% of bladder cancer survivors develop SPLC in the 20-years following their diagnosis. This rate approaches that seen in the control arm of the NLST, suggesting that the incidence in bladder cancer survivors could justify lung cancer screening in this population. Further efforts to better define the potential risks and benefits of lung cancer screening in bladder cancer survivors is warranted.

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Park, Joohyun, and Kevin A. Look. "Health Care Expenditure Burden of Cancer Care in the United States." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 56 (January 2019): 004695801988069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0046958019880696.

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Using nationwide data, this study estimated and compared annual health care expenditures per person between noncancer and cancer patients, and among patients with the 4 most common cancers. Two-part models were used to estimate mean expenditures for each group by source of payment and by service type. We found that cancer patients had nearly 4 times higher mean expenditures per person ($16 346) than those without cancer ($4484). These differences were larger among individuals aged 18 to 64 years than those ≥65 years. Medicare was the largest source of payment for cancer patients, especially among those ≥65 years. Among the 4 most common cancers, the most costly cancer was lung cancer. Ambulatory care visits accounted for the majority of health care expenditures for those with breast cancer, while for those with other cancers, inpatient services also contributed to a significant portion of expenditures especially among younger patients. This study demonstrates that cancer patients experience a substantially higher health care expenditure burden than noncancer patients, with lung cancer patients having the highest expenditures. Expenditure estimates varied by age group, source of payment, and service type, highlighting the need for comprehensive policies and programs to reduce the costs of cancer care.

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Suneja, Gita, Meredith S. Shiels, Rory Angulo, Glenn E. Copeland, Lou Gonsalves, Anne M. Hakenewerth, Kathryn E. Macomber, Sharon K. Melville, and Eric A. Engels. "Cancer Treatment Disparities in HIV-Infected Individuals in the United States." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 22 (August 1, 2014): 2344–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.54.8644.

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Purpose HIV-infected individuals with cancer have worse survival rates compared with their HIV-uninfected counterparts. One explanation may be differing cancer treatment; however, few studies have examined this. Patients and Methods We used HIV and cancer registry data from Connecticut, Michigan, and Texas to study adults diagnosed with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, or cervical, lung, anal, prostate, colorectal, or breast cancers from 1996 to 2010. We used logistic regression to examine associations between HIV status and cancer treatment, adjusted for cancer stage and demographic covariates. For a subset of local-stage cancers, we used logistic regression to assess the relationship between HIV status and standard treatment modality. We identified predictors of cancer treatment among individuals with both HIV and cancer. Results We evaluated 3,045 HIV-infected patients with cancer and 1,087,648 patients with cancer without HIV infection. A significantly higher proportion of HIV-infected individuals did not receive cancer treatment for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.67; 95% CI, 1.41 to 1.99), lung cancer (aOR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.80 to 2.64), Hodgkin's lymphoma (aOR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.33 to 2.37), prostate cancer (aOR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.31 to 2.46), and colorectal cancer (aOR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.38 to 3.72). HIV infection was associated with a lack of standard treatment modality for local-stage DLBCL (aOR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.50 to 2.72), non–small-cell lung cancer (aOR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.46 to 4.03), and colon cancer (aOR, 4.77; 95% CI, 1.76 to 12.96). Among HIV-infected individuals, factors independently associated with lack of cancer treatment included low CD4 count, male sex with injection drug use as mode of HIV exposure, age 45 to 64 years, black race, and distant or unknown cancer stage. Conclusion HIV-infected individuals are less likely to receive treatment for some cancers than uninfected people, which may affect survival rates.

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Brown, Heidi E., Leslie K. Dennis, Priscilla Lauro, Purva Jain, Erin Pelley, and Eyal Oren. "Emerging Evidence for Infectious Causes of Cancer in the United States." Epidemiologic Reviews 41, no. 1 (2019): 82–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxz003.

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Abstract Worldwide, infectious agents currently contribute to an estimated 15% of new cancer cases. Most of these (92%, or 2 million new cancer cases) are attributable to 4 infectious agents: Helicobacter pylori, human papillomavirus, and hepatitis B and C viruses. A better understanding of how infectious agents relate to the US cancer burden may assist new diagnostic and treatment efforts. We review US-specific crude mortality rates from infection-associated cancers and describe temporal and spatial trends since 1999. We review the US-specific evidence for infection-cancer associations by reporting available estimates for attributable fractions for the infection-cancer associations. Death due to cancers with established infectious associations varies geographically, but estimates for the US attributable fraction are limited to a few observational studies. To describe the burden of infection-associated cancer in the United States, additional observational studies are necessary to estimate the prevalence of infection nationally and within subpopulations. As infectious associations emerge to explain cancer etiologies, new opportunities and challenges to reducing the burden arise. Improved estimates for the United States would help target interventions to higher-risk subpopulations.

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Wold, Kimberly S., Tim Byers, Lori A. Crane, and Dennis Ahnen. "What do cancer survivors believe causes cancer? (United States)." Cancer Causes & Control 16, no. 2 (March 2005): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10552-004-2414-0.

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Coghill, Anna E., Meredith S. Shiels, Gita Suneja, and Eric A. Engels. "Elevated Cancer-Specific Mortality Among HIV-Infected Patients in the United States." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 21 (July 20, 2015): 2376–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.59.5967.

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Purpose Despite advances in the treatment of HIV, HIV-infected people remain at increased risk for many cancers, and the number of non–AIDS-defining cancers is increasing with the aging of the HIV-infected population. No prior study has comprehensively evaluated the effect of HIV on cancer-specific mortality. Patients and Methods We identified cases of 14 common cancers occurring from 1996 to 2010 in six US states participating in a linkage of cancer and HIV/AIDS registries. We used Cox regression to examine the association between patient HIV status and death resulting from the presenting cancer (ascertained from death certificates), adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, year of cancer diagnosis, and cancer stage. We included 1,816,461 patients with cancer, 6,459 (0.36%) of whom were HIV infected. Results Cancer-specific mortality was significantly elevated in HIV-infected compared with HIV-uninfected patients for many cancers: colorectum (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.49; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.84), pancreas (HR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.35 to 2.18), larynx (HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.06 to 2.47), lung (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.17 to 1.39), melanoma (HR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.09 to 2.70), breast (HR, 2.61; 95% CI, 2.06 to 3.31), and prostate (HR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.41). HIV was not associated with increased cancer-specific mortality for anal cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. After further adjustment for cancer treatment, HIV remained associated with elevated cancer-specific mortality for common non–AIDS-defining cancers: colorectum (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.80), lung (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.44), melanoma (HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.14 to 3.27), and breast (HR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.86 to 3.73). Conclusion HIV-infected patients with cancer experienced higher cancer-specific mortality than HIV-uninfected patients, independent of cancer stage or receipt of cancer treatment. The elevation in cancer-specific mortality among HIV-infected patients may be attributable to unmeasured stage or treatment differences as well as a direct relationship between immunosuppression and tumor progression.

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Smith, Robert A., Vilma Cokkinides, Durado Brooks, Debbie Saslow, Mona Shah, and Otis W. Brawley. "Cancer screening in the United States, 2011." CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 61, no. 1 (January 2011): 8–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3322/caac.20096.

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Smith, Robert A., Vilma Cokkinides, and Otis W. Brawley. "Cancer screening in the United States, 2012." CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 62, no. 2 (January 19, 2012): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3322/caac.20143.

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Smith, Robert A., Durado Brooks, Vilma Cokkinides, Debbie Saslow, and Otis W. Brawley. "Cancer screening in the United States, 2013." CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 63, no. 2 (February 1, 2013): 87–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3322/caac.21174.

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White, Arica, Trevor D. Thompson, Mary C. White, Susan A. Sabatino, Janet de Moor, Paul V. Doria-Rose, Ann M. Geiger, and Lisa C. Richardson. "Cancer Screening Test Use — United States, 2015." MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 66, no. 8 (March 3, 2017): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6608a1.

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Williams-Brown, Shanita, and Gopal K. Singh. "Epidemiology of Cancer in the United States." Seminars in Oncology Nursing 21, no. 4 (November 2005): 236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soncn.2005.06.004.

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Trimble, Edward L., Linda C. Harlan, and Limin X. Clegg. "Untreated cervical cancer in the United States." Gynecologic Oncology 96, no. 2 (February 2005): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.09.062.

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Domino, George, and Wen-Ying Lin. "Cancer Metaphors: Taiwan and the United States." International Journal of Psychology 28, no. 1 (February 1993): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207599308246917.

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Devesa, S. S., W. J. Blot, B. J. Stone, B. A. Miller, R. E. Tarone, and J. F. Fraumeni. "Recent Cancer Trends in the United States." JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 87, no. 3 (February 1, 1995): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.3.175.

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Bilimoria, Karl Y., David J. Bentrem, Jeffrey D. Wayne, Clifford Y. Ko, Charles L. Bennett, and Mark S. Talamonti. "Small Bowel Cancer in the United States." Annals of Surgery 249, no. 1 (January 2009): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sla.0b013e31818e4641.

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Devesa, Susan S., William J. Blot, B. J. Stone, Barry A. Miller, Robert E. Tarone, and Joseph F. Fraumeni. "Recent Cancer Trends in the United States." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 37, no. 9 (September 1995): 1075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199509000-00005.

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De Angelis, Roberta, Andrea Tavilla, Arduino Verdecchia, Steve Scoppa, Mark Hachey, Eric J. Feuer, and Angela B. Mariotto. "Breast cancer survivors in the United States." Cancer 115, no. 9 (May 1, 2009): 1954–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.24217.

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Tangka, Florence K., Justin G. Trogdon, Lisa C. Richardson, David Howard, Susan A. Sabatino, and Eric A. Finkelstein. "Cancer treatment cost in the United States." Cancer 116, no. 14 (May 10, 2010): 3477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.25150.

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Cole, Philip, and Brad Rodu. "Declining cancer mortality in the United States." Cancer 78, no. 10 (November 15, 1996): 2045–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19961115)78:10<2045::aid-cncr3>3.0.co;2-n.

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Davies, Louise, and H. Gilbert Welch. "Thyroid Cancer Survival in the United States." Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery 136, no. 5 (May 17, 2010): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archoto.2010.55.

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Trimble, Edward L., Linda C. Harlan, and Limin X. Clegg. "Untreated Cervical Cancer in the United States." Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 60, no. 6 (June 2005): 366–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ogx.0000163543.87208.5c.

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Brawley, Otis W. "Prostate cancer epidemiology in the United States." World Journal of Urology 30, no. 2 (April 2012): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00345-012-0824-2.

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Domino, George, and Poonsri Pathanapong. "Cancer imagery: Thailand and the United States." Personality and Individual Differences 14, no. 5 (May 1993): 693–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(93)90117-l.

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Merrill, Ray M., and Eric J. Feuer. "Risk-adjusted cancer-incidence rates (United States)." Cancer Causes and Control 7, no. 5 (September 1996): 544–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00051888.

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Sabatino, Susan A., Trevor D. Thompson, Mary C. White, Jean A. Shapiro, Janet de Moor, V. Paul Doria-Rose, Tainya Clarke, and Lisa C. Richardson. "Cancer Screening Test Receipt — United States, 2018." MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 70, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7002a1.

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Cresanta, James L. "EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CANCER IN THE UNITED STATES." Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice 19, no. 3 (September 1992): 419–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0095-4543(21)00930-1.

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Townsend, Julie S., Lisa C. Richardson, and Robert R. German. "Incidence of Testicular Cancer in the United States, 1999-2004." American Journal of Men's Health 4, no. 4 (December 22, 2009): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988309356101.

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Testicular cancer is rare but primarily affects young men. To characterize the current incidence of testicular cancer in the United States, U.S. Cancer Statistics data from 1999 through 2004 were examined. Age-adjusted (2000 U.S. standard) incidence rates were calculated for seminoma and nonseminoma testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs). Hispanic men had the largest increase in incidence rates for nonseminomas, followed by non-Hispanic White men (annual percentage change of 3.2% and 1.9%, respectively, p < .05). Nonseminomas peaked at a younger age for Hispanic, American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN), and Asian/Pacific Islander (API) men. Whereas 9.6% of TGCTs were diagnosed at a distant stage in non-Hispanic White men, more Hispanic (16.1%), Black (13.8%), AIAN (16.8%), and API (14.9%) men with TGCTs were diagnosed with distant stage. Monitoring incidence rates for rare cancers by race/ethnicity has improved with national population-based cancer registry coverage. Disparities in diagnosis stage have implications for effective treatment of TGCTs.

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Forsythe, Laura P., Erin E. Kent, Kathryn E. Weaver, Natasha Buchanan, Nikki A. Hawkins, Juan L. Rodriguez, A. Blythe Ryerson, and Julia H. Rowland. "Receipt of Psychosocial Care Among Cancer Survivors in the United States." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 16 (June 1, 2013): 1961–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.46.2101.

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Purpose Given the importance of psychosocial care for cancer survivors, this study used population-based data to characterize survivors who reported a discussion with health care provider(s) about the psychosocial effects of cancer and who reported using professional counseling or support groups (PCSG) and tested associations between receipt of psychosocial care and satisfaction with care. Patients and Methods We examined survivors of adult cancers from the 2010 National Health Interview Survey (N = 1,777). Multivariable logistic regression models examined factors associated with receipt of and satisfaction with psychosocial care. Results Most survivors (55.1%) reported neither provider discussions nor use of PCSG; 31.4% reported provider discussion only, 4.4% reported use of PCSG only, and 8.9% reported both. Non-Hispanic blacks (v non-Hispanic whites), married survivors, survivors of breast cancer (v prostate or less prevalent cancers), those treated with chemotherapy, and survivors reporting past research study/clinical trial participation were more likely to report provider discussion(s) (P < .01). Hispanics (v non-Hispanic whites), survivors age 40 to 49 years (v ≤ 39 years), survivors of breast cancer (v melanoma or less prevalent cancers), those diagnosed ≤ 1 year ago (v > 5 years ago), survivors treated with radiation, and past research participants were more likely to report use of PCSG (P < .05). Survivors reporting any psychosocial care were more likely to be “very satisfied” with how their needs were met (P < .001). Conclusion Many survivors do not report a discussion with providers about the psychosocial effects of cancer, which reflects a missed opportunity to connect survivors to psychosocial services. These data can benchmark the success of efforts to improve access to cancer-related psychosocial care.

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Swenson, Wade T., Emily Westergard, and Abigail Paige Swenson. "Rural health cancer care: A literature review." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): e18500-e18500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e18500.

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e18500 Background: A recent review of the medical literature of rural health cancer care delivery has not been published. We conducted a preliminary review of the last twenty years of rural health cancer care delivery literature utilizing medical subject headings (MeSH) within the PubMed NCBI) database. Methods: Using PubMed MeSH Major Topic terms “rural population” and “cancer” we identified publications published from 2000 to 2020. We searched PubMed for publications that included the major topic MeSH terms “rural population” and “cancer”. We individually reviewed articles, confirmed the focus of the article, and subcategorized the articles. Results: We identified 580 publications which met the search criteria, the majority were focused on the United States (266), followed by China (56), Australia (54), and India (27). Among the publications focusing on the United States, 76 involved Appalachian States. Kentucky (18) and Georgia (10) were the states most frequently represented. Malignancies most commonly represented were: breast cancer (148), uterine/cervical (84), and colorectal cancers (68). The journals which published the most rural health cancer care delivery were The Journal of Rural Health (42), Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention (20), Cancer (14), Rural and Remote Health (13), Journal of Cancer Education (13), Australian Journal of Rural Health (12). Conclusions: The rural health cancer care literature in the last two decades focuses primarily on the United States, China, Australia, and India. Within the United States, the research focus is Appalachia. The majority of articles focus on breast cancer, uterine/cervical, and colorectal cancers. The journal which published the majority of rural health cancer care articles was the Journal of Rural Health.

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Gallaway, Michael Shayne, Rebecca Glover-Kudon, Behnoosh Momin, Mary Puckett, Buchanan Lunsford Natasha, Kathleen Ragan, Elizabeth Rohan, and Stephen Babb. "Smoking cessation among cancer survivors: United States, 2015." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 7_suppl (March 1, 2018): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.7_suppl.111.

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111 Background: The prevalence of smoking among persons with a history of cancer (cancer survivors) is similar to the general population. However, there is a paucity of evidence on the prevalence of specific smoking cessation behaviors among adult cancer survivors. Methods: Data from the 2015 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were analyzed to examine the prevalence of smoking cessation behaviors (interest in quitting, recent quit attempt, advised to quit by a healthcare professional visited in the past year) and treatments (counseling, medication) among cancer survivors. Weighted self-reported prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and chi-square test statistics were used to assess between group differences. Results: The sample included 2,541 cancer survivors, of which 12% were current smokers, 37% were former smokers, and 51% were never smokers. Compared with former and never smokers, cancer survivors who were current smokers were younger (less than 65 years), less educated, and reported being uninsured or reported having Medicaid health insurance less often (p < 0.01). Fewer female cancer survivors reported being a former smoker than a current or never smoker. Most current smokers reported wanting to quit smoking (57%), a past year quit attempt (49%), or that a health professional advised them to quit smoking in the past 12 months (66%). Current smokers reported the use of smoking cessation counseling (8%), medication (38%), or either (41%). Conclusions: Approximately half of current smokers reported a recent quit attempt and more than half wanted to quit smoking. Less than 1 of 2 current smokers reported using any cessation assistance. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Comprehensive Cancer Control Program supports increasing knowledge and availability of evidence-based tobacco cessation services among cancer survivors. Health professionals could consistently highlight the increased risks associated with continued smoking among cancer survivors, provide them with cessation counseling and/or medication, refer them to other free cessation resources, and inform them of cessation treatments covered by their health insurance. Population-level interventions may also be impactful.

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Twombly, R. "United States Signs International Tobacco Treaty." JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 96, no. 12 (June 15, 2004): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/96.12.899.

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Bilimoria, Karl Y., Wen T. Shen, Dina Elaraj, David J. Bentrem, David J. Winchester, Electron Kebebew, and Cord Sturgeon. "Adrenocortical carcinoma in the United States." Cancer 113, no. 11 (December 1, 2008): 3130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.23886.

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Ater, Joann L., Kristina L. Gardner, Lewis E. Foxhall, Brad L. Therrell, and W. Archie Bleyer. "Neuroblastoma screening in the united states." Cancer 82, no. 8 (April 15, 1998): 1593–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19980415)82:8<1593::aid-cncr23>3.0.co;2-z.

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Kerbl, Reinhold, and Christian Urban. "Neuroblastoma screening in the United States." Cancer 83, no. 9 (November 1, 1998): 2047–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19981101)83:9<2047::aid-cncr27>3.0.co;2-n.

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Slape, Christopher I. "Pre-Leukemic States: United by Difference." Cancers 13, no. 6 (March 18, 2021): 1382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13061382.

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Chaturvedi, Anil K., Eric A. Engels, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, Brenda Y. Hernandez, Weihong Xiao, Esther Kim, Bo Jiang, et al. "Human Papillomavirus and Rising Oropharyngeal Cancer Incidence in the United States." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 32 (November 10, 2011): 4294–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.36.4596.

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Purpose Recent increases in incidence and survival of oropharyngeal cancers in the United States have been attributed to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, but empirical evidence is lacking. Patients and Methods HPV status was determined for all 271 oropharyngeal cancers (1984-2004) collected by the three population-based cancer registries in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Residual Tissue Repositories Program by using polymerase chain reaction and genotyping (Inno-LiPA), HPV16 viral load, and HPV16 mRNA expression. Trends in HPV prevalence across four calendar periods were estimated by using logistic regression. Observed HPV prevalence was reweighted to all oropharyngeal cancers within the cancer registries to account for nonrandom selection and to calculate incidence trends. Survival of HPV-positive and HPV-negative patients was compared by using Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox regression analyses. Results HPV prevalence in oropharyngeal cancers significantly increased over calendar time regardless of HPV detection assay (P trend < .05). For example, HPV prevalence by Inno-LiPA increased from 16.3% during 1984 to 1989 to 71.7% during 2000 to 2004. Median survival was significantly longer for HPV-positive than for HPV-negative patients (131 v 20 months; log-rank P < .001; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.46). Survival significantly increased across calendar periods for HPV-positive (P = .003) but not for HPV-negative patients (P = .18). Population-level incidence of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers increased by 225% (95% CI, 208% to 242%) from 1988 to 2004 (from 0.8 per 100,000 to 2.6 per 100,000), and incidence for HPV-negative cancers declined by 50% (95% CI, 47% to 53%; from 2.0 per 100,000 to 1.0 per 100,000). If recent incidence trends continue, the annual number of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers is expected to surpass the annual number of cervical cancers by the year 2020. Conclusion Increases in the population-level incidence and survival of oropharyngeal cancers in the United States since 1984 are caused by HPV infection.

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Jackson, Sarah S., Xuesong Han, Ziling Mao, Leticia Nogueira, Gita Suneja, Ahmedin Jemal, and Meredith S. Shiels. "Cancer Stage, Treatment, and Survival Among Transgender Patients in the United States." JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute 113, no. 9 (March 11, 2021): 1221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djab028.

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Abstract Background Transgender persons face many barriers to health care that may delay cancer diagnosis and treatment, possibly resulting in decreased survival. Yet, data on cancer in this population are limited. We examined cancer stage at diagnosis, treatment, and survival among transgender patients compared with cisgender patients in the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Methods Gender (male, female, or transgender) was extracted from medical records from patients diagnosed with cancer between 2003 and 2016. Logistic regression estimated odds ratios (ORs) for the associations between gender and stage at diagnosis and treatment receipt. Cox proportional hazards regression estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for associations between gender and all-cause survival. Results Among 11 776 699 persons with cancer in NCDB, 589 were transgender. Compared with cisgender patients, transgender patients may be more likely to be diagnosed with advanced stage lung cancer (OR = 1.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.95 to 3.28); be less likely to receive treatment for kidney (OR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.08 to 0.47) and pancreas (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.11 to 0.95) cancers; and have poorer survival after diagnosis with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (HR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.51 to 3.63), prostate (HR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.06 to 3.45), and bladder cancers (HR = 2.86, 95% CI = 1.36 to 6.00). Similar associations were found for other cancer sites, although not statistically significant. Conclusion Transgender patients may be diagnosed at later stages, be less likely to receive treatment, and have worse survival for many cancer types. Small sample size hampered our ability to detect statistically significant differences for some cancer sites. There is a need for transgender-focused cancer research as the population ages and grows.

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Ruiz, Emily S., Kira Seiger, Arash Mostaghimi, and Chrysalyne Schmults. "National cancer expenditure analysis in the United States Medicare population, 2013." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): 6647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.6647.

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6647 Background: Cancer is the second leading killer in the United States, but there is no comprehensive analysis evaluating total cancer costs by cancer and treatment modality. Methods: Data from the 2013 inpatient (100%), outpatient (100%), and carrier (5%) Medicare Limited Data Set Standard Analytic Files were queried for claims filed for International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes for all cancer diagnoses. Claims associated with the ICD-9 codes for professional fees were analyzed by Current Procedure Terminology (CPT) code to determine resource allocation by disease. Outpatient oral chemotherapy costs were obtained from the National Average Drug Acquisition Cost database for 50 drugs used for cancer treatment in 2013. Results: $27.9 billion was spent on cancer treatment of which $12 billion (43%), $6.5 billion (23%), and $1.1 billion (4%) was allocated to professional, inpatient facility, and outpatient facility fees, respectively. Oral and hospital-based chemotherapy accounted for 17% ($4.7 billion) and 15% ($4.3 billion) of all cancer costs, respectively. Lung/thoracic cancer ($2.9 billion) had the highest total annual cost and multiple myeloma ($9,019, SD $19,962) is the most expensive cancers to treat annually per patient. Average out-of-pocket expenses are $470 (SD 287), which is 12% of the annualized per patient costs. Conclusions: In 2013, cancer accounted for only 5% of Medicare spending. Chemotherapy costs accounted for approximately a third of total spending and are likely to rise as innovation continues. Out-of-pocket spending can place a financial burden on cancer patients requiring more expensive treatments.

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Han, Xuesong, Jingxuan Zhao, Jiemin Ma, K. Robin Yabroff, and Ahmedin Jemal. "Cancer-related suicide in the United States, 1999-2015." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 27_suppl (September 20, 2019): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.27_suppl.148.

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148 Background: Cancer patients have an elevated risk of suicide given the prevalent psychological distress, treatment side effects, and uncontrolled pain. This study aims to examine temporal trends in cancer-related suicide in the US during the past two decades in view of progress in psycho-oncology care and symptom control for cancer patients in the country. Methods: Cancer-related suicide was defined as deaths with suicide as the underlying cause and cancer as a contributing cause in the US Multiple Cause of Death Data. We first calculated annual age-standardized cancer-related suicide rates and overall suicide rates from 1999 to 2015. Then, we fitted the log-transformed age-standardized rates to Joinpoint regression models to calculate the annual percentage change (APC) by demographic factors and overall. Results: Among 599,786 suicides in the US from 1999 to 2015, 5,559 were cancer-related. Seventy-three percent of the cancer-related suicides were committed by firearm and 14% were by poisoning. The age-standardized cancer-related suicide rate per 100,000 persons decreased from 0.17 in 1999 to 0.12 in 2015, with an APC of -2.5% (95% CI: -3.3%, -1.7%). In contrast, the age-standardized overall suicide rate per 10,000 persons increased from 13.22 in 1999 to 16.73 in 2015, with APC of 0.9% (95% CI: 0.4%, 1.3%) from 1999 to 2006 and 2.0% (95% CI: 1.7%, 2.2%) from 2006 to 2015. The decline in cancer-related suicide rate was largest among male (APC = -3.1%, 95% CI: -3.9%, -2.3%), 65-74-year-olds (APC = -3.1%, 95% CI: -4.2%, -2.0%), in the South (APC = -4.0%, 95% CI: -5.8%, -2.3%), and in urban area (APC = -3.0%, 95% CI: -4.2%, -1.7%). Conclusions: Despite the continuous increasing overall suicide rates in the US during the past two decades, cancer-related suicide has been decreasing, suggesting an evolving role of psycho-oncology care and symptom control during this period. Well-designed prospective studies are warranted to identify cancer patients at high-risk of suicide and to develop effective care intervention.

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Henley, S. Jane, Simple D. Singh, Jessica King, Reda J. Wilson, Mary Elizabeth O’Neil, and A. Blythe Ryerson. "Invasive Cancer Incidence and Survival — United States, 2012." MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 64, no. 49 (December 18, 2015): 1353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6449a1.

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Henley, S. Jane, Simple D. Singh, Jessica King, Reda J. Wilson, Mary Elizabeth O’Neil, and A. Blythe Ryerson. "Invasive Cancer Incidence and Survival — United States, 2013." MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 66, no. 3 (January 27, 2017): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6603a1.

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Islami, Farhad, Kimberly D. Miller, and Ahmedin Jemal. "Cancer burden in the United States—a review." Annals of Cancer Epidemiology 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/ace.2018.08.02.

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Stark, Talia, Jonathan E. Shoag, Joseph Nicolas, Neal Patel, Benjamin Taylor, and Douglas S. Scherr. "Ambulatory Bladder Cancer Care in the United States." Urology Practice 6, no. 3 (May 2019): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.urpr.2018.07.005.

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Merrill, Ray, and Simone Bateman. "Conditional Melanoma Cancer Survival in the United States." Cancers 8, no. 2 (February 2, 2016): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers8020020.

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Journal articles on the topic 'United States. Cancer'

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